[0001] The present invention relates to a directional coupling device for coupling transmission
power in a transmission line with a coupled line. Directional couplers are passive
devices used in particular in the field of radio technology or microwave technology.
They couple part of the transmission power in a transmission line by a prescribed
amount out through another port by using two transmission lines set close enough together
such that energy passing through one is coupled to the other.
[0002] A transmission line is any structure that forms a path for directing the transmission
of energy, such as electromagnetic waves. A commonly used transmission line is a stripline
transmission line. A stripline transmission line uses a flat strip conductor which
is located between two parallel conducting ground_planes. If the conductive strip
is supported by a substrate, the stripline is called a suspended substrate stripline,
without the substrate, the stripline is called an air stripline.
[0003] Directional coupling devices are commonly used as measurement devices on large high
power radio frequency transmission lines. These directional coupling devices usually
have a relatively weak coupling to the main transmission line; the coupling loss is
usually about 30 dB. Furthermore, the directional coupling devices must have a high
directivity. Directivity is the capacity of the directional coupling device to separate
between the forward wave and the backward wave on the main transmission line.
[0004] A common approach for implementing a directional coupling device is the provision
of a short air coupling stripline next to the main transmission line. However, this
approach has several drawbacks. The coupling stripline must be placed in an exact
position in relation to the main transmission line. Any deviation from the predetermined
position negatively affects the provisioned coupling loss and reduces the directivity
of the directional coupling device. Therefore, very low manufacturing tolerances must
be achieved, which in turn means high production costs. Additionally, the positioning
of the coupling conductive strip must be manually adjusted for each directional coupling
device, which also means more labor and higher production costs.
Alternatively, suspended substrate stripline realizations of directional coupling
devices have been proposed. The appended figure 1 shows a conventional arrangement
of a suspended substrate coupling stripline located above a main air stripline transmission
line. Figure 1 shows a main transmission line 10 and a coupling transmission line
20. The main transmission line 10 is an air stripline comprising a main conducting
strip 30, a bottom conducting plane 50 and an intermediate conducting plane 60. The
intermediate conducting plane 60 acts as top conducting plane for the main transmission
line 10. The main conducting strip is arranged in a main cavity 80 of the main transmission
line. The coupling transmission line 20 is arranged above the main transmission line
10. The intermediate conducting plane 60, a coupling conductive strip 40 and a top
conducting plane 70 each form part of the coupling transmission line 20. The intermediate
conducting plane 60 constitutes the bottom conducting plane for the coupling transmission
line 20. Reference sign 90 points to the coupling cavity, which houses the conductive
strip. The coupling transmission line 20 is a suspended substrate stripline. A coupling
strip support is provided within the coupling cavity 90. The coupling conductive strip
is facing the intermediate conductive plane 60.
[0005] Conventionally, the coupling strip 40 is printed onto the coupling strip support
using printed circuit board technology. Printed circuit boards are rugged, inexpensive,
and can be highly reliable. Conducting layers are typically made of thin copper foil.
Insulating layers are typically laminated together with epoxy resin (RF low-loss PCB
material is usually Teflon). Printed circuit boards are made by bonding a layer of
copper over the entire substrate, sometimes on both sides, then removing unwanted
copper after applying a temporary mask (e.g. by etching), leaving only the desired
copper traces. A few PCBs are made by adding traces to the bare substrate (or a substrate
with a very thin layer of copper) usually by a complex process of multiple electroplating
steps. Printed circuit board realization of the coupled stripline overcomes the problems
related to the exact positioning of the conductive strip in the coupled transmission
line. However, due to the relatively high dielectric constant of the printed circuit
board material, the phase velocity in the coupled transmission line is different from
the main transmission line. The difference in phase velocity is known to cause severe
limitations in the directivity of the directional coupling device. Therefore, the
advantages of a PCB stripline support are conventionally regarded as unavailable for
directional coupling devices due to the problems related to phase velocity differences.
In the case of measurement directional couplers for high power broadcast transmitters;
the directivity must be very high.
[0006] Therefore, it is object of the present invention, to provide a directional coupling
device, which provides precise high directivity coupling at a low cost.
[0007] The problem of the present invention is solved by the directional coupling device
according to the appended claim 1. Accordingly, a directional coupling device is provided
for coupling transmission power in a transmission line with a coupled transmission
line. The directional coupling device comprises a coupling transmission line, which
is a stripline transmission line. The stripline transmission line comprises a coupling
conductive strip supported by a suspended substrate. Therefore, a suspended substrate
stripline is utilized, which allows for exact positioning of the conductive strip
relative to the main transmission line. Furthermore, the suspended substrate conductor
layer of the stripline is arranged between the coupling line cavity and the main electromagnetic
waveguide so that it faces the top conducting plane of the coupling line cavity. Consequently,
the substrate no longer faces the main transmission line. In this configuration, the
coupled line phase velocity is near or equal to that on the main line and problems
of poor directivity are overcome.
[0008] Preferably, the suspended substrate is a printed circuit board and the coupling conductive
strip is printed onto the circuit board. Printed circuit boards are rugged, inexpensive,
and can be highly reliable. Therefore, the production costs for the directional coupling
device may be reduced without negatively affecting the directivity of the coupling
device. The claimed invention enables to exploit the advantages of a printed circuit
board support while avoiding the disadvantages of different phase velocities usually
encountered with PCB type directional couplers.
[0009] The directional coupling device of the present invention is preferably implemented
in three small directional couplers, which are arranged at the output striplines of
2-way to 8-way transmitter power amplifier combiners. The three small directional
couplers are located at the output of the combiner. The coupled signals may be used
for monitoring the standing wave ratio. A standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of
the magnitude of the forward and reflected wave on a transmission line. The SWR is
usually defined as a voltage ratio called the VSWR, for voltage standing wave ratio.
The directional couplers may be used for measuring forward and reflected electromagnetic
wave magnitudes in the main stripline and for monitoring the output signal. The VSWR
can be derived mathematically from the measured forward and reflected wave magnitudes.
[0010] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail with reference
to the accompanied drawings. Please note that the preferred embodiment merely represents
a particular non-limiting implementation of the present invention. The gist and scope
of the present invention is defined in the appended claims.
[0011] Figure 1 shows a conventional arrangement for a Directional Coupling device.
[0012] Figure 2 shows an arrangement of a directional coupling device according to the preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
[0013] Figure 3 shows a view of the realized directional coupling device of Figure 2.
[0014] Figure 2 depicts the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In figure 2,
a main transmission line 10 and a coupling transmission line 20 are displayed. The
main transmission line 10 is an air stripline comprising a main conducting strip 30,
a bottom conducting plane 50 and an intermediate conducting plane 60. The intermediate
conducting plane 60 acts as top conducting plane for the main transmission line 10.
The main conducting strip is arranged in a main cavity 80 of the main transmission
line. The coupling transmission line 20 is arranged above the main transmission line
10. The intermediate conducting plane 60, a coupling conductive strip 40 and a top
conducting plane 70 each form part of the coupling transmission line 20. Reference
sign 90 points to the coupling cavity, which houses the conductive strip. The coupling
transmission line 20 is a suspended substrate stripline. A coupling strip support
is provided within the coupling cavity 90.
In the directional coupling device of the preferred embodiment, the suspended substrate
is facing the intermediate conductive plane 60. Preferably, the suspended substrate
(100) of the coupling transmission line is a printed circuit board, wherein the coupling
conductive strip (40) is printed onto the suspended substrate (100) using PCB technology.
Since the coupling conductive strip (40) is chosen opposite to the conventional orientation
displayed in Figure 1, the coupled lines phase velocity is near or equal to that on
the main line (10) and problems of poor directivity are overcome. Therefore, the preferred
embodiment enables to exploit the advantages of printed circuit board support while
avoiding the disadvantages of different phase velocities between the main transmission
line (10) and the coupling transmission line (20). These differences usually severely
reduce the directivity of the PCB type directional couplers.
[0015] In Figure 3 a view of the directional coupling device of the preferred embodiment
is shown. The same reference signs characterize corresponding features in Figures
2 and 3. The main conducting strip 30 in Figure 3 is held in its place by an insulated
fastener 110. The fastener 110 keeps the main conducting strip 30 elevated above the
bottom conducting plane 50 within the main cavity 80 (Fig. 2) of the main transmission
line 10. The intermediate conducting plane 60 is arranged between the main conducting
strip 30 and the coupling conductive strip 40. A further mounting screw represents
a fastener 130 for the PCB supporting the coupling conductive strip 40 within the
coupling cavity 90. A top conducting plane 70 (Fig. 2) is placed above the coupling
conductive strip 40. Finally, figure 3 shows connectors 120 for the coupling transmission
line. These connectors 120 represent interfaces for coaxial transmission lines used
for transferring electromagnetic waves. A second additional coupling device 140 is
displayed next to reference sign 140.
List of reference numerals
[0016]
- 10
- main transmission line
- 20
- coupling transmission line
- 30
- main conducting strip
- 40
- coupling conductive strip
- 50
- bottom conducting plane
- 60
- intermediate conducting plane
- 70
- top conducting plane
- 80
- main cavity
- 90
- coupling cavity
- 100
- coupling strip support
- 110
- fastener for main conducting strip
- 120
- Connector for coupling conductive strip
- 130
- fastener for coupling conductive strip PCB
- 140
- additional coupling device
1. Directional Coupling device for coupling transmission power in a main transmission
line (10) with a coupled line (20), comprising
a coupling transmission line (20), said coupling transmission line (20) being a stripline
transmission line comprising a coupling conductive strip (40) supported by a suspended
substrate (100),
characterized in that
the suspended substrate (100) is arranged between the coupling strip (40) and the
main transmission line (10).
2. Directional coupling device according to claim 1, wherein the suspended substrate
(100) is a printed circuit board and the coupling conductive strip (40) is printed
onto the circuit board.
3. Directional coupling device according to claims 1 or 2, further comprising a main
transmission line (10), said main transmission line being a stripline transmission
line.
4. Directional coupling device according to claim 3, wherein the main transmission line
(10) comprises a bottom conductive plane (50), a main conductive strip (30) and a
top conductive plane (60), wherein the conductive strip (30) is positioned between
the bottom and top conductive plane (50 and 60) and the top conductive plane (60)
is facing the suspended substrate (100).
Amended claims in accordance with Rule 137(2) EPC.
1. Directional Coupling device for coupling transmission power in a main transmission
line (10) with a coupled line (20),
wherein the main transmission line (10) comprises a bottom conductive plane (50),
a main conductive strip (30) and a top conductive plane (60), wherein the conductive
strip (30) is positioned between the bottom and top conductive plane (50 and 60) and
the top conductive plane (60) is facing a suspended substrate (100); and said directional
coupling device further comprising:
a coupling transmission line (20), said coupling transmission line (20) being a stripline
transmission line comprising a coupling conductive strip (40) supported by said suspended
substrate (100),
characterized in that
the suspended substrate (100) is arranged between the coupling strip (40) and the
main transmission line (10).
2. Directional coupling device according to claim 1, wherein the suspended substrate
(100) is a printed circuit board and the coupling conductive strip (40) is printed
onto the circuit board.