Device for careful separation of anodes from their anode bars

Description

[0001] The invention is directed to a method and a device for the careful separation of anode blocks from their anode rods in the line of molten phase electrolysis for the production of aluminium. During that operation the anode blocks are suspended with their fastening holes formed in the upper side by means of annular gap filling metal bushes to their bottom stub-like anode rod ends that have been formed to a yoke.

[0002] To prepare anode blocks for their use in molten phase electrolysis for the production of aluminium the anode blocks have to be firmly joined to power supply rods and/or the so-called anode rods. To that end the bottom ends of the anode rods which mostly have the form of a yoke with two, three or four adjacently arranged rod ends are introduced from above into correspondingly pre-shaped recesses of the anode block and the remaining gaps and/or cavities in the recesses are then filled with molten iron. During that operation bushes are formed around the anode rod ends - also known as stubs - which ensure not only mechanical stability of the connection between anode rod/anode block but also a good electric conductivity from the anode rod to the anode block. After solidification of the cast metal a firm bonding is established between the bush and the anode rod end as well as between the bush and the anode block.

[0003] These anode blocks which are produced in so-called anode plants from calcined petroleum coke and normally pitch as binder in vibrating compactors by compaction of grainy raw materials and which are then baked feature very large dimensions and a correspondingly high weight. Reference is made in this respect to e.g. the catalogue 10-715e published by KHD Humboldt Wedag AG showing photographs of new and not yet consumed anode blocks on pages 2 and 3. After anode consumption anode butts and the bushes remain at the anode rods which have to be removed from the bottom anode rod ends normally by cracking off or withdrawing before a new anode block is fastened to the anode rod.

[0004] DE 28 32 520 A1 describes an apparatus for removing anode residue from the metallic projections of an anode with moveable stripper members or jaws. During this operation, a breakage of one of the projection can occur, which is why an inductive sensor is mounted on each stripper member. In cause of projection damage, a signal is provided whereby the apparatus is stopped.

[0005] DE 41 28 522 A1 discloses an apparatus for removing anode residue from the metallic projections of an anode. A number of projections hold the anode residue. For removing this residue, horizontally and vertically moveable stripper members or jaws are used. Therefore, the stripper members are arranged on a thrust bearing supporting the anode rod during the stripping of the residue. The stripping members and the thrust bearing are moveable to each other in the direction of the anode rod.

[0006] In case imperfections occur when moulding the iron bushes it may become necessary to separate the properly speaking serviceable anode block from its anode rod. If withdrawal presses known so far were used for that separation process, i.e. for withdrawing anode butts and bushes from the anode rods by the application of high withdrawing forces, the actually usable anode block would in an unwanted manner be damaged or broken completely and its reuse at any rate become impossible.

[0007] The problem to be solved by the invention is to create a device by which not yet consumed anode blocks can be mechanically separated from the yoke ends of their anode rods after the occurrence of imperfect bushes, i.e. by such careful manner that both the anode block and the anode rod each remain undamaged and can be used again.

[0008] This problem is solved according to the invention by a device comprising the features of claim 1 and a method according to claim 7. Advantageous embodiments of the invention have been specified in the dependent claims.

[0009] The careful separation of anode blocks from their anode rod yoke end is achieved according to the invention by means of a device with an impact fork featuring bottom prongs which can be introduced into the gaps between the anode rod yoke and the upper side of the anode block suspended from the yoke. The fork prongs have been arranged at the bottom side of at least one impact fork mass body which can be moved vertically upward and downward with a certain stroke above the anode rod yoke. This impact stroke of the impact fork corresponds to the distance between the fork prongs and the yoke bottom side (bottom position of the impact fork) and/or the distance between the upper side of the yoke and the bottom side of the impact fork mass body (top position of the impact fork). The impact stroke length has been adjusted such that upon the downward stroke the fork prongs just do not touch the upper side of the anode block suspended from the anode rod yoke.

[0010] The impact fork is periodically lifted by the impact stroke length mentioned above with the aid of a lifting cylinder of the device according to the invention and dropped by the effect of gravity. During the upward movement the impact fork strikes the anode rod yoke from below and during the downward movement from above while the anode block remains positioned on the base formed as support of the device according to the invention. Following a specified number of impact strokes and/or load changes the stubs of the anode rod yoke are loosened in the fastening holes of the anode block. During this loosening procedure they project more and more from the fastening holes of the anode block until the anode rod with its yoke which was no more than loosely retained during that operation has been completely separated from the anode block so that both the anode rod and, in particular, the anode block that remained undamaged can be used again after removal of the metal bushes.

[0011] The invention and its further features and advantages are explained in more detail by the typical embodiment shown schematically in the figures. The figures show the following:

Fig. 1

the vertical section of the device according to the invention along line B-B in Fig. 2,

Fig. 2

a vertical section along line A-A in Fig. 1 and

Fig. 3

the section of Fig. 2 in a position of the anode rod yoke which has already been separated from the anode block suspended from it.

[0012] Fig. 1 shows an anode block 10 with three fastening holes formed in its upper side in which correspondingly three stubs 11, 12, 13 of the bottom end of an anode rod 15 formed to a yoke 14 have been introduced. The annular-shaped gaps between the stubs and the fastening holes have been filled with molten iron to obtain metal bushes 16. In case the metal bushes 16 are imperfect the device according to the invention offers the possibility to have the anode block 10 carefully separated from the anode rod yoke 14.

[0013] The device according to the invention features a frame 17 with a lower base 18 and an upper cross beam 19. Anode 10 with its anode rod 15 is placed on base 18. An impact fork that can be moved upward and downward in the device engages with its two bottom prongs 20, 21 shown in the typical configuration in the gaps between yoke 14 and the upper side of anode block 10. The fork prongs 20, 21 have been arranged at the bottom side of an impact fork mass body 22 which can be moved upward and downward above the anode rod yoke 14 by a lifting cylinder 23 engaging the upper side of the impact fork mass body 22 which cylinder has been linked with its upper end to the top cross beam 19 of machine frame 17. This means that the impact fork can be periodically lifted by means of the lifting cylinder and the impact fork dropped simply by gravity after every lifting cycle.

[0014] During that operation impact stroke 24 of the impact fork corresponds to the distance between fork prongs 20, 21 and the underside of yoke 14 (bottom position of the impact fork) and/or the distance between the upper side of yoke 14 and the bottom side of the impact fork mass body 22 (top position of the impact fork as shown in Figs. 1 to 3). In other words, the impact fork strikes anode rod yoke 14 during the upward stroke from below and during the downward stroke from above. The impact intensity of lifting cylinder 23 can even be adjusted such that the impact intensity of the impact fork is greater during the upward stroke than during the downward stroke.

[0015] At any rate stubs 11, 12, 13 are loosened in their fastening holes after a specific number of load changes, yoke 14 projects more and more from anode block 10 until as shown in Fig. 3 anode rod 15 with yoke 14 and bushes 16 have been completely separated from the anode block that remained undamaged. The anode block 10 placed on base 18 is not lifted during that operation.

[0016] Fig. 1 shows in addition that the impact fork mass body 22 is vertically guided in machine frame 17, e.g. along roller guides 25, 26. The impact fork mass body 22 features a central passage by which it encompasses anode rod 15. Furthermore, swiveling clamps 27 for loosely enclosing, i.e. for loosely retaining anode rod 15, have been linked to upper cross-beam 19 of machine frame 17.

Claims

1. Device for the careful separation of anode blocks (10) from their anode rods (15) in the line of molten phase electrolysis for the production of aluminum, comprising

a) an impact fork for engaging with its bottom prongs (20, 21) in the gaps between the bottom stub-like anode-rod ends that have been formed to a yoke (14) and the upper side of an anode block (10);

b) at least one impact fork mass body (22) which can be moved upward and downward above the anode rod yoke (14), wherein the fork prongs (20, 21) are arranged at the bottom side of the impact fork mass body (22);

wherein an impact stroke (24) of the impact fork corresponds to the distance between the fork prongs (20, 21) and the underside of the yoke (14) and/or the distance between the upper side of the yoke (14) and the bottom side of the impact fork mass body (22), and
wherein the impact stroke length is adjusted such that upon the downward stroke the fork prongs (20, 21) just do not touch the upper side of the anode block (10) suspended from the anode rod yoke (14).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device comprises a base (18) on which the anode block (10) including anode rod (15) can be placed.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one impact fork mass body (22) is guided along vertical guide units (25, 26) of the machine frame (17).

4. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a lifting cylinder acts at the upper side of the impact fork mass body (22) which has been linked with its top end to an upper cross beam (19) of machine frame (17) and by which the impact fork (20, 21, 22) can be periodically lifted, wherein following the lifting cycles the impact fork is dropped by the effect of gravity.

5. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that swiveling clamps (27) for loosely retaining anode rod (15) have been linked to the upper cross beam (19) of machine frame (17).

6. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impact fork mass body (22) arranged above the anode rod yoke (14) comprises a passage by which it encompasses the anode rod (15).

7. Method for the careful separation of anode blocks from their anode rods (15) in the line of molten phase electrolysis for the production of aluminum with a device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the anode blocks (10) have been suspended with their fastening holes formed on the upper side by means of annual gap filling metal bushes (16) from the bottom stub-like anode-rod ends that have been formed to a yoke (14), characterized by the following steps:

a) an impact fork is engaged with its bottom prongs (20, 21) in the gaps between the anode rod yoke (14) and the upper side of anode block (10), wherein the fork prongs (20, 21) have been arranged at the bottom side of at least one impact fork mass body (22) which can be moved upward and downward above the anode rod yoke (14) and;

b) the impact fork is periodically moved up and down to strike the anode rod yoke (14) during the upward stroke from below and during the downward stroke from above.

8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that a lifting cylinder acts at the upper side of the impact fork mass body (22) which has been linked with its top end to an upper cross beam (19) of machine frame (17) and by which the impact fork (20, 21, 22) is periodically lifted, wherein following the lifting cycles the impact fork is dropped by the effect of gravity.

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the impact intensity of lifting cylinder (23) and, consequently, of the impact fork is greater during the upward stroke than during the downward stroke.

Ansprüche

1. Vorrichtung zur schonenden Trennung von Blockanoden (10) von ihren Anodenstangen (15) im Bereich der Schmelzflusselektrolyse für die Herstellung von Aluminium, umfassend:

a) eine Schlaggabel für den Eingriff mit ihren Gabelzinken (20, 21) in die Lücken zwischen den zapfenartigen Bodenanodenstangenenden, die zu einem Joch (14) geformt wurden, und der Oberseite der Blockanode (10);

b) wenigstens einem Schlaggabel-Massekörper (22), der oberhalb des Anodenstangenjoches (14) nach oben und nach unten bewegbar ist, wobei die Gabelzinken (20, 21) an der Bodenseite des Schlaggabel-Massekörpers (22) angeordnet sind;
wobei ein Schlaghub (24) der Schlaggabel dem Abstand zwischen den Gabelzinken (20, 21) und der Unterseite des Joches (14) und/oder dem Abstand zwischen der Oberseite des Joches (14) und der Bodenseite des Schlaggabel-Massekörpers (22) entspricht, und
wobei die Schlaghublänge so eingestellt ist, dass beim Abwärtshub die Gabelzinken (20, 21) die Oberseite der Blockanode (10), die an dem Anodenstangenjoch (14) hängt, gerade nicht berührt.

2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung eine Basis (18) aufweist, auf welcher die Blockanode (10) einschließlich der Anodenstange (15) angeordnet werden kann.

3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der wenigstens eine Schlaggabel-Massekörper (22) entlang vertikaler Führungseinheiten (25, 26) des Maschinenrahmens (17) geführt wird.

4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Oberseite des Schlaggabel-Massekörpers (22) ein Hubzylinder (23) angreift, der mit seinem oberen Ende an einer oberen Quertraverse (19) des Maschinenrahmens (17) angelenkt ist und durch den die Schlaggabel (20, 21, 22) periodisch anhebbar ist, wobei die Schlaggabel nach den Anhebezyklen durch Schwerkraftwirkung fallen gelassen wird.

5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der oberen Quertraverse (19) des Maschinenrahmens (17) Schwenkklammern (27) zum losen Umschließen der Anodenstange (15) angelenkt sind.

6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oberhalb des Anodenstangenjochs (14) angeordnete Schlaggabel-Massekörper (22) eine Durchgangsöffnung aufweist, mittels der er die Anodenstange (15) umgibt.

7. Verfahren zur schonenden Trennung von Blockanoden von ihren Anodenstangen (15) im Bereich der Schmelzflusselektrolyse zur Herstellung von Aluminium mit einer Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Blockanoden (10) mit ihren an der Oberseite ausgebildeten Befestigungslöchern mittels ringspaltfüllender Metallgusshülsen (16) an den zu einem Joch (14) ausgebildeten unteren zapfenartigen Anodenstangenenden angehängt sind, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte;

a) eine Schlaggabel greift mit ihren unteren Zinken (20, 21) in die Lücken zwischen dem Anodenstangenjoch (14) und der Oberseite der Blockanode (10) ein, wobei die Gabelzinken (20, 21) an der Unterseite wenigstens eines Schlaggabel-Massekörpers (22) angeordnet sind, der oberhalb des Anodenstangenjochs (14) auf- und abwärts bewegbar ist;

b) die Schlaggabel wird periodisch auf und ab bewegt, um das Anodenstangenjoch (14) während des Aufwärtshubes von unten und während des Abwärtshubes von oben zu schlagen.

8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Oberseite des Schlaggabel-Massekörpers (22) ein Hubzylinder wirkt, der mit seinem oberen Ende an einer oberen Quertraverse (19) des Maschinenrahmens (17) angelenkt ist, und durch welchen die Schlaggabel (20, 21, 22) periodisch angehoben wird, wobei im Anschluss an die Anhebezyklen die Schlaggabel durch die Wirkung der Schwerkraft fallengelassen wird.

9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schlagintensität des Hubzylinders (23) und dementsprechend der Schlaggabel während des Aufwärtshubes größer ist als während des Abwärtshubes.

Revendications

1. Dispositif pour la séparation soignée de blocs anodiques (10) de leurs tiges anodiques (15) lors d'une électrolyse en phase liquide pour la production d'aluminium,
comprenant

a) une paroi d'impact à insérer, avec ses fourches inférieures (20, 21), dans les espaces entre les extrémités inférieures de la tige anodique en forme de plaque qui ont été formés sur une culasse (14) et la face supérieure d'un bloc anodique (10) ;

b) au moins un bloc de paroi d'impact (22) pouvant être déplacé vers le haut et le bas au-dessus de la culasse de la tige anodique (14), où les fourches de la paroi (20, 21) sont disposés sur la face inférieure du bloc de paroi d'impact (22) ;

où un trait d'impact (24) de la paroi d'impact correspond à la distance entre les fourches de la paroi (20, 21) et la face inférieure de la culasse (14) et / ou la distance entre la face supérieure de la culasse (14) et la face inférieure du bloc de paroi d'impact (22), et
où la longueur du trait d'impact est ajustée de telle sorte que, sur la course vers le bas, les fourches de la paroi (20, 21) ne sont pas en contact avec la face supérieure du bloc anodique (10) suspendue sur la culasse de la tige anodique (14).

2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend une base (18) sur laquelle le bloc anodique (10) comprenant la tige anodique (15) peut être placé.

3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un bloc de paroi d'impact (22) est guidé le long des unités de guidage verticales (25, 26) du châssis de la machine (17).

4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un vérin hydraulique agit sur la face supérieure du bloc de paroi d'impact (22) lié par son extrémité supérieure à une poutre transversale supérieure (19) du châssis de la machine (17) et par lequel la paroi d'impact (20, 21, 22) peut être soulevée périodiquement ; où, après les cycles de levage, la paroi d'impact tombe sous l'effet de la gravité.

5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des pinces pivotantes (27) retenant de manière lâche la tige d'anode (15) ont été reliées à la poutre transversale supérieure (19) du châssis de la machine (17).

6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le bloc de paroi d'impact (22) disposé au-dessus de la culasse de la tige anodique (14) contient un passage par lequel il recouvre la tige anodique (15).

7. Procédé pour la séparation soignée de blocs anodiques de leurs tiges anodiques (15) lors d'une électrolyse en phase liquide pour la production d'aluminium avec un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, où les blocs anodiques (10) sont suspendus par leur des trous de fixation formés sur la face supérieure au moyen de douilles métalliques remplissant un espace annuel (16) à partir des extrémités inférieures de la tige anodique en forme de plaque formées sur une culasse (14), caractérisée par les étapes suivantes :

a) une paroi d'impact à insérer, avec ses fourches inférieures (20, 21), dans les espaces entre les extrémités inférieures de la tige anodique en forme de plaque qui ont été formés sur une culasse (14) et la face supérieure d'un bloc anodique (10), où les fourches de la paroi (20, 21) ont été disposés sur la face inférieure d'au moins un bloc de paroi d'impact (22) pouvant être déplacé vers le haut et le bas au-dessus de la culasse de la tige anodique (14) et ;

b) la paroi d'impact est périodiquement déplacée de haut en bas pour frapper la culasse de la tige anodique (14) pendant la course vers le haut et pendant la course vers le bas.

8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un vérin hydraulique agit sur la face supérieure du bloc de paroi d'impact (22) lié par son extrémité supérieure à une poutre transversale supérieure (19) du châssis de la machine (17) et par lequel la paroi d'impact (20, 21, 22) peut être soulevée périodiquement ; où, après les cycles de levage, la paroi d'impact tombe sous l'effet de la gravité.

9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'intensité de l'impact des vérins hydrauliques (23) et, par conséquent, celle de la paroi d'impact est plus élevée pendant la course vers le haut que pendant la course vers le bas.

Drawing