DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Technical field of the invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a modular system for the treatment of waste water
mainly in rural communities, suburban areas and buildings.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Most waste water treatment plants use electromechanical equipment and are completely
aerobic, therefore requiring special skills for their operation, frequent maintenance,
and high energy consumption; in addition, they generate a high volume of sludge. Even
though their acquisition is economical and they require little space, this type of
waste water treatment plant is more appropriate for urbanized places and is not adequate
for rural or semi-urban communities.
[0003] Due to the aforementioned challenges, a modular plant was designed which features
low operation mixed processes which, even in a worst case scenario, guarantees an
acceptable treatment, as it has the advantage of being largely anaerobic with a great
capacity of retention. Consequently, this type of plant is able to absorb the peaks
of the influent and keep the possibility of obtaining bio-gas while producing low
quantities of sludge for later use.
[0004] One of the biggest problems to solve is the treatment of waste water coming from
small communities and those with small livestock farms, which in both cases, discharge
their waste water into rivers or other water sources without treatment of any kind.
[0006] The patent application
YU/a/2005/000003, dated February 22nd, 2005, aims at increasing the efficiency of the previously developed septic tanks, where
a smaller diameter at the output reduces the speed of the process thereby decreasing
the dragging of solids and supernatants while increasing buoyancy and decantation
which results in higher efficiency of the unit.
[0007] In the patent application
MX/a/2009/001621, the size of the filter was increased and it was placed at a greater depth which
resulted in collecting fewer solids. The output in the decanter in the upper part
was directed downwards which improved the functioning of the decanter-skimmer. The
filter was made deeper to increase the anaerobic function and a collector was added
to the discharge in order to let in air and eliminate the anaerobic pollution, thus
substantially improving the previous device.
[0008] The units designed in this way cover the needs of a dwelling but not the needs of
a small community or suburban area. Therefore, some modifications to the filter were
made seeking the integration of several units while retaining the characteristic of
the tank of being self-cleaning.
Description of the figures
[0009]
Figure 1 is a tank for screening with the screen placed in the interior.
Figure 2 is an upper view of the screen which is canister-shaped.
Figure 3 is a lower view of the influent distributor.
Figure 4 is a lateral view of the influent distributor.
Figure 5 shows a decanter-bio-reactor.
Figure 6 shows a cut view of the anaerobic filter.
Figure 7 shows a modality of the aerobic filter.
Figure 8 is an example of how the water treatment plant can be used with artificial
wetlands (64), where we can see:
- a) A tank with a screen
- b) A decanter bio-reactor
- c) An anaerobic filter
- d) An artificial wetland
When the process starts, water with a certain concentration is received which then
passes through a tank with a screen, a decanter filter bio-reactor, a first anaerobic
filter, and a wetland (64), in order to obtain water with the proper conditions to
measure the final outcome.
Figure 9 shows the graphs of the results of the reduction of fecal coliforms in npm/100
in samples of waste water from a pilot test carried out in a pig farm, where the "Intensive
Livestock Treatment" was designed.
Figure 10 shows the BDO5, Biochemical Demand of Oxygen five days into the process
and measured in mg/l.
Figure 11 shows the behavior of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in mg/l during the process.
Figure 12 shows the decay of the concentration of total phosphorus in mg/l during
the process.
Figure 13 allows us to evaluate the efficiency of the equipment to separate fats and
oils during the process.
Figure 14 shows the changes in the concentration of total nitrogen in mg/l during
the process.
Figure 15 shows the decrease of total suspended solids during the process.
Figure 16 shows that the settleable solids are practically eliminated during the process.
[0010] The sampling done in September 2010, six months after the test was started, shows
quality infiltrates of the water as it passes through each of the units of the process
and accounts for contaminant removal at each stage of the treatment.
Detailed description of the invention
[0011] According to the figures, the present invention comprises the following elements:
A tank (1) and a canister type screen (2), which is placed in the interior of the
tank. The tank has an influent feeding element (3) on the upper part and a discharge
element (4) on the lower part of the opposite face. The feeding element is placed
in such a way that there is a difference in level with the bottom of the tank. The
side opposite to the feeding element is lower. A canister shaped removable screen
is placed inside the tank (2) to eliminate the solid waste which could affect the
operation of the plant. This removable screen (2) is canister-shaped and is supported
by the upper rim of the tank. It has handles and hinges (5) to facilitate removing
it and turning it over easily along with any collected debris. The removable screen,
seen from the side, has a trapezoidal shape whose longer side conforms to the surface
of the tank. Its main face is therefore adjacent to the face where the influent feeding
element is located; the opposite face has an ascending side, which prevents the solids
retained in the screen from obstructing the flow of the liquid to the discharge element
(4) and therefore to other mechanisms involved in the process. The canister has been
designed so that it does not touch the bottom of the tank, thus allowing a better
flow.
[0012] The water treatment plant has a flow distributor (6) (Fig. 3) which works by gravity.
The gravity flow distributor (6) is a container whose objective is to evenly distribute
the flow to other elements to prevent its decantation and skimming. Its construction
consists of a funnel shaped element, with a conical or concave bottom. The water to
be treated is fed through the bottom by means of a feeding pipeline (7), the water
goes up to the upper part (8) which is completely horizontal, and has exit openings
along its periphery at the same level (9) as the distributor which is also completely
horizontal as well as the distribution tubes which connect to other elements, thus
keeping an evenly distributed flow for each tube. The upper lateral part of the distributor
can have different shapes depending on the application; it can be circular, octagonal
or any other regular geometrical shape, according to the number of elements to which
the flow will be distributed, as long as the characteristic conical or concave bottom
of the tank and the completely horizontal exits placed at the same level remain unchanged.
This treatment plant also has a purge drain (10) for the settled sludge. The distributor
(6) feeds one or more vertical type decanter-bioreactors (11) (Fig. 3).
[0013] The biological treatment starts by using anaerobic equipment to get a greater absorption
of peaks, while requiring less energy and producing lower amounts of sludge.
[0014] The decanter-bioreactor (11) is a container whose body is divided into several sections.
The upper part (2) is a frustum or vault, the mouth of the vault or the truncated
part of the container (19) is the best area to support another container or filter
and the container's corresponding lid (14). The decanter also has prism or arc-shaped
projections (16) on its upper part, which are adjacent to the vaulted or conical section,
and which help give more mechanical resistance to the container. The vertical face
of one of these projections is used to hold the horizontal feeding tube (15), while
the horizontal face of one of the other projections is used to hold a vent (17). The
middle part of the container is a cylinder or a cylindrical trunk, whose lower part
is divided into two sections: one section has the form of an inverted frustum or vault
(18), and the other has a cylindrical form with a flat bottom (33), at the end of
the narrowing of the cone. The decanter-bioreactor has a feeding tube (15) and an
inverted filter (13), a vent (17), a tube to extract sludge (15) and an output duct
(20).
[0015] The water to be treated can be fed through the upper part, if the feeding is done
laterally, through the feeding duct (15) which is a tube that consists of two sections:
the first horizontal section reaches up to the center of the decanter bioreactor passing
through the filter and ending in a "T", where one of the arms reaches almost to the
lid (14) of the decanter, while the other end of the "T" (22) stretches vertically
downward, going through the bottom of the container or filter (13), having a shorter
length than the length of the cylindrical section of the container.
[0016] Inside the decanter there is a container or filter (13) supported by the mouth of
the decanter, which is an element shaped as a frustum closed in its lower part where
only the vertical section (22) of the feeding tube (15) crosses to deposit the flow
near the inferior conical section of the decanter. The container (13) has a series
of openings (21) in the lower part of the surface to allow the fluid to enter the
container or filter (13) in a lateral way. The discharge tube (20), whose diameter
is narrrower than the diameter of the feeding duct and thus slower (15) is located
on the periphery of the upper part of the filter, in a horizontal position, opposite
to the feeding duct and at a height lower than that of the level of the feeding duct
(15).
[0017] The decanter bioreactor (11) also has an inclined duct (23) or a maintenance duct
which goes from the upper part of the decanter passing through one of the projections
(16) to the bottom of the lower part of the decanter. The maintenance duct (23) has
a lid (25) on its upper part and a horizontal shunt (24) which is located at a height
lower than the feeding duct (15) and the discharge duct (20) where the shunt goes
through the wall of the decanter (11), and in its free end has a valve (26) to allow
for the cleaning of the system; it also has a vent (17) in the upper part of one of
the projections (17) which consists of a duct that permits the output of gases. An
accelerated decanter (27) can be added to this system to accelerate the process.
[0018] The discharge tube (20) feeds an inverted anaerobic filter (28) (Fig. 6) whose exterior
geometry is equal to the geometry of the decanter (11), therefore having the same
upper section (29), cylindrical section (30), triangular projections (31), lower conical
section (32), and lower cylindrical section (33b), but not necessarily the same capacity,
volume or contents. The anaerobic filter has a feeding duct (34) which reaches up
to the center of the filter, permitting the feeding to be done laterally or from the
upper part, but the tube rests at the center of the lower part and ends in a "T" (35).
One arm of the "T" reaches almost to the lid of the filter (35), while the other arm
of the "T" stretches to the lower part of the filter passing through the upper tank
(37) and reaching the interior of the lower tank (37). The anaerobic filter (28) has
a tank (37) in the shape of an inverted frustum and is supported by the mouth of the
filter; this tank is closed at its base and has a series of openings in the lower
part of its periphery (39). Additionally the tank (37) has a chute (40) which is connected
to the output duct (41). The filter also has a duct to extract sludge (42) which consists
of an inclined tube that goes from the exterior of the filter, passing through one
of the projections (31) and the inferior tank (38) and reaching the lower cylindrical
section (33b) where the tube has a horizontal shunt (24b) placed below the feeding
duct (34) and below the discharge duct (41). This shunt goes through the wall of the
filter and has a valve (26) attached to its end. Additionally, the anaerobic filter
has a vent (43) in one of the projections (31).
[0019] In addition, the water treatment plant can include a second filter; however, in contrast
to the filter described previously, this filter is aerobic (44). The aerobic filter
is a tank with geometry similar to that mentioned above and comprises the same components
which are a lid (45), a conical or concave upper section (46), projections or vaults
(47), a cylindrical body (48) and a lower conical section (50). The aerobic filter
(44) has a feeding duct (51) which consists of a horizontal tube that goes through
the wall of the tank (44) and the wall of the inner upper container (52) to the central
part where it ends in a "T" shunt (53). One arm of the "T" (53) is projected upwards
while the other arm pours the liquid inside the container (52) which functions as
a chute distributing the liquid by means of a series of openings (54) which are located
in the lower periphery of the wall of the container, and to the contact material (55)
which is located inside the aerobic filter (44). At the bottom, inside the aerobic
filter, there is another container with the shape of an inverted frustum (56) which
has a series of holes (57b) in the upper and lower parts of the periphery to allow
the flow of the liquid and sludge to the interior but not to the contact material
(55). The filter can have a bubble aerator fed by means of a pipeline and an air pump
(not shown). The treated water is extracted using either a pump or a difference of
level with respect to the lower recipient (56). The duct (59) also has a pair of couplings
which begin in the last section. The duct (59) is fitted an inclined position and
has a horizontal shunt (63); the duct (59) also has an output placed in the upper
half of the cylindrical element of the aerobic filter in a position lower than the
upper container (52). The aerobic filter (44) has a duct for the extraction of sludge
(60) which consists of a tube placed in inclined position that stretches from one
of the projections (47) to the bottom section (49); the tube has a valve (61); the
horizontal shunt (62) is located below the height of the output of treated liquid
and below the feeding duct. At the end of the treatment system, the treated water
is sent for post treatment to an artificial wetland (64), an absorption ditch, an
absorption field, or a receptor body.
Operation of the water treatment system
[0020] The discharges of waste water are sent to a tank (1) through a duct (3) which has
a screen (2). As described before, the screen has the shape of a canister, where one
part of the screen touches the surface of the reservoir while the other part forms
an inclined plane aimed at the discharge tube (4), letting the liquid pass and keeping
the liquid discharge element free from obstructions. The liquid discharge element
is located at the bottom of the tank (1) opposite the feeding duct (3). Once the solids
have been removed from the water, the water goes to the flow distributor (6) as described
above, where it is evenly distributed through pipes all having the same transversal
section or diameter, to different decanter bioreactor units. Next, the liquid flows
to a vertical bioreactor (11) to process the mixture (water plus pollutants). The
feeding duct (15) goes through the wall of the system and the wall of a container
(13) that is supported on the mouth of the decanter bioreactor, until it reaches the
center of the unit, where the feeding duct (15) has a "T". One of the arms of this
"T" is directed upwards and stretches up to the lid (14) and the other arm stretches
down to the lower part of the decanter bioreactor (11) going through the bottom of
the container (13) without reaching the lower conical section where it discharges.
The geometry of the decanter bioreactor (11) allows the fluid to enter at the bottom
of the system, directing the flow to the conical section of the bottom (18). The lower
conical section facilitates the collection of sludge as it works by gravity, thus
keeping the concentrates and the sludge in the lower conical section (33) which works
as a collector. As the decanter bioreactor gets filled, the fluid rises to reach the
container (13) by entering a series of openings (21) placed perimetrically in the
lower zone of the wall of the container (13) until it reaches the discharge duct for
digested sludge or excess sludge (22) which from this area will be sent to the next
stage. However, if maintenance is needed, the sludge extraction valve, which (26)
is located at the end of the shunt (24) of the duct for sludge discharge (23) can
be opened thus taking advantage of the pressure of the hydrostatic column in the decanter
bioreactor (11) to move the accumulated sludge. As an alternative, in case there is
not enough pressure, the cleaning can be done through mechanical means in the upper
part of the duct (23), which is used to clean the duct if it gets obstructed, first
by removing the lid (25). The decanter bioreactor has a vent to release the gases
produced during the decomposition process. An accelerated decanter (27) can be attached
to this system to improve its operation.
[0021] The discharge tube of the decanter bioreactor is connected to the feeding duct (34)
of the anaerobic filter (28) which was described above. The water enters through the
upper part of the anaerobic filter (28) by means of the duct (34) which carries the
water to the center where there is a "T" (35); one of the arms of the "T" stretches
upwards until it reaches the lid (36) of the anaerobic filter, while the other arm
of the "T" (35) reaches the bottom of the anaerobic filter (28), going through the
upper tank (37), and discharging the fluid near the lower conical section (32) inside
the inner lower tank (38). The fluid leaves the inner tank (38) through the perimetrical
openings located in the upper rim (38). The liquid goes through the upper openings
and rises to the upper tank due to the difference in density (37) and enters it through
a series of openings (39) located perimetrically in the lower rim of the upper tank
(37) moving upwards until it reaches a chute (40) which consists of a duct open in
its upper end, in such a way that the water pours in before leaving the anaerobic
filter (28) through the output duct (41). The chute has great relevance to the treatment
process as it permits the first aeration of the water in the treatment process. The
purpose of the openings in the lower tank is to collect and move the sludge.
[0022] The inverted anaerobic filter (28) has a conical or concave shape at the bottom and
a cylindrical shape toward the top to (33b) to release the accumulation of sludge
through gravity and lead to the bio-reaction or bio-feedback as it puts the new matter
into contact with the accumulated biomass, concentrating the densest part at the bottom.
It is important to mention that the diameter of the openings is small enough to prevent
the filtering material from being able to pass through them.
[0023] Additionally, the inverted anaerobic filter (28) has a sludge extraction system or
cleaning duct (42) which consists of an inclined tube which stretches down to the
bottom of the inverted anaerobic filter (28). The cleaning duct (42) has a horizontal
shunt (24b) which is used to extract the sludge by opening a valve (26b) fitted to
the free end of the duct where the sludge is expelled due to the weight of the hydrostatic
column and the position of the horizontal shunt of the cleaning duct which is located
below the height of the feeding duct (34) as well as below the discharge duct (41).
This design causes the fluid inside the inverted anaerobic filter (28) to exert pressure
which pushes the sludge through the horizontal shunt of the cleaning duct (42). Another
option which would produce the same result would be the use of mechanical or vacuum
equipment, where, for example, a hose powered by a pump could be connected to the
cleaning duct.
[0024] The last stage of the water treatment process consists of an aerobic filter (44)
which was described above, which, just as the others, consists of a container with
a conical bottom (50) where the water enters by means of a feeding duct (51) to the
center of the filter where it has a "T" shunt whose upper arm is directed to the lid
(45) of the aerobic filter (44) passing through the upper tank where it pours its
liquid. The upper tank (52) works as a chute, first receiving the liquid from the
feeding tube and then distributing the water inside the filter through the openings
(54) which are distributed perimetrically in the bottom section of the upper tank
(52), producing a first aeration of the water inside the aerobic filter (44). The
water drops in and rises to a level determined by the height of the output duct (59)
which is placed at a lower height and opposite to the feeding duct (51), and at a
greater height than the height of the lateral shunt of the cleaning duct (62). The
water pours in and moves down to the contact material (55). The anaerobic filter (44)
can be fed from the bottom with a bubble aerator (58) (not shown) through a network
of pipes to distribute the air throughout the transversal surface, thus making a counter
flow to achieve better absorption.
[0025] The treated water enters the lower tank through the openings (57 y 57b) located both
in the upper and the lower part of the wall of the lower tank (56); again, it is important
to note that the diameter of the openings is small enough to prevent the filtered
material (55) from entering through them, while avoiding obstruction. The solid material
which succeeds in entering the lower tank (58) falls to the bottom of the lower tank
(56) of the anaerobic filter (44), settling in the lower cylindrical section (50)
from where it can be removed through the maintenance duct (60) or by pumping, in the
same way as in the other units described previously. The output of the aerobic filter
(44) is through an output duct (59), which takes the already treated water from the
upper part of the lower tank (56) to avoid carrying any sludge along with it. Again,
this process is helped by the hydrostatic column and the gravity pull which does the
work of moving the treated water from inside the lower tank (57) and out of the aerobic
filter (44). In addition, the output duct (59) and the maintenance duct (60) have
a shunt which extends downward toward the outside of the aerobic filter (44) to allow
-if necessary- the extraction of treated water using mechanical means.
[0026] Instead of an aerobic filter -or any other extra filter- it is possible to use artificial
wetlands illustrated in Figure 8.
[0027] Additionally, the treatment plant can have a contact tank for disinfection or additional
material, or a disinfection system of any kind (for example UV light).
[0028] The sequence of the treatment plant is not necessarily one-to-one; it is possible
to divide the flow into five decanter bioreactors (11) and collect their effluent
to feed two anaerobic filters (28) and then, to feed one or more aerobic filters (44)
as needed according to the quality of the influent. That is, the treatment plant can
have a series or parallel layout, thus combining the stages as needed.
[0029] The experimental results which support the present invention are shown below:
Some trials were done on a livestock farm obtaining the following results:
Complete System |
Analysis of the whole system |
Unit |
Input average |
Output average |
Reduction % |
BDO |
mg/l |
4093.4 |
141.5 |
96.5 |
QDO |
mg/l |
11025.2 |
611.7 |
94.5 |
Total phosphorus |
mg/l |
424.5 |
18.5 |
95.7 |
Fat and oil |
mg/l |
949.9 |
15.2 |
98.4 |
Total Nitrogen |
mg/l |
1472.4 |
340.6 |
76.9 |
Total suspended solids |
mg/l |
12958.5 |
44.3 |
99.7 |
Settable solids |
mg/l |
221.4 |
0.03 |
99.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
[0030] As can be seen, the results show that nearly 100% of coliforms have been eliminated
from the waste water, as well as 95.7 % of total phosphorus and 99% of fat and oil.
Total nitrogen has been reduced 76%. The most relevant fact was that solids were reduced
by practically 100%.
[0031] To further support this work, the services of a laboratory recognized by the EMA
were hired. The results obtained are as follows:
Kind of sample: Sample Identification: |
Waste water simple sample M1=Discharge before treatment |
Parameter |
Results |
Uncertainty |
Units |
|
M1 |
K=2 |
|
Fecal coliforms |
240x105 |
NA |
NMP/100 ml |
BDO |
3879.69 |
9.68 |
mg/l |
CDO |
5955.26 |
5.03 |
mg/l |
Total Phosphorus |
55.94 |
0.46 |
mg/l |
Fat and oil |
247.14 |
1.22 |
mg/l |
Total Nitrogen |
1090.44 |
29.03 |
mg/l |
Total suspended solids |
1425.74 |
6.8 |
mg/l |
Settable solids |
15 |
NA |
mg/l |
pH |
7.82 |
0.01 |
Units |
Temperature |
32 |
0.2 |
C |
Note: The value to add or subtract from the given results is defined as uncertainty
and represents the dispersion of the results. This uncertainty was determined with
a cover factor K=2 and a confidence level of 95%. |
[0032] The table shows the output of the effluent after treatment in the water treatment
modular plant.
Kind of sample Identification of sample |
Waste water simple sample M1=output to irrigation |
Parameter |
Result |
uncertainty |
Units |
|
M1 |
K=2 |
|
Fecal coliforms |
279000 |
NA |
NMP/100 ml |
Biochemical Demand of Oxygen |
141.5 |
9.68 |
mg/l |
Chemical Demand of Oxygen |
611.7 |
5.03 |
mg/l |
Total Phosphorus |
18.5 |
0.46 |
mg/l |
Fat and Oil |
15.2 |
1.22 |
mg/l |
Total Nitrogen |
340.6 |
29.03 |
mg/l |
Total suspended solids |
44.3 |
6.8 |
mg/l |
Settable solids |
0.03 |
NA |
mg/l |
Note: The value to be added or subtracted from the given results is defined as uncertainty
and represents the dispersion of results; such uncertainty was calculated with a cover
factor k=2 and a confidence level of 95% |
1. A waste water treatment plant which comprises
a) a tank to separate solids with upper feeding and lower discharge placed on opposite
sides of the tank; or lateral discharge placed laterally to the feeding with a removable
screen to be fitted in a tank to separate solids.
b) a flow distributor element with a conical or vaulted bottom, which is fed through
the bottom and has a sludge purge in the conical bottom. It has an output at the same
level as the horizontal surface, and can evenly and uniformly distribute the flow
to two or more elements. It is characterized as a modular plant which has at least
one of each of the following elements:
- A vertical anaerobic decanter bioreactor which has a cylindrical body that can have
conical or vaulted ends, with an inner tank supported on the opening of the decanter
bioreactor. This tank has a series of openings located at regular intervals on the
perimeter of the low part of the wall of the inner tank to let the fluid move from
the body of the decanter bioreactor to the output duct which is placed at a lower
height than the feeding duct. It also has a self cleaning system for sludge which
works by gravity, wherein the diameter of the feeding duct is bigger than the diameter
of the discharge duct.
- A vertical inverted anaerobic filter which has interior tanks with multiple perforations
which let the fluid pass and which contain the filtering material and sludge separation.
It also has a self cleaning system for sludge which works by gravity, where the extraction
of the liquid is done in the upper part of the perforated tank by means of a decanter
in connection with the output duct of the system.
- An aerobic filter with counter flow similar to an absorption tower which has a central
distribution tower, a sludge extraction system which uses the hydrostatic column,
an aerator device and washers {sealings or packets} fitted at random to increase the
contact surface; the internal face of all the tanks is rough to increase the contact
surface
- And additionally, a disinfection element.
2. A modular plant to treat waste water such as the one claimed in Claim 1. The system
can have more than one of the following components
a) Screen
b) Distributor
c) Decanter
d) Vertical anaerobic filter
e) Aerobic filter
based on the quality and quantity of the liquid that enters the system and the quality
requirements of the liquid that exits the system.
3. A modular waste water treatment plant such as the one claimed in Claim 2. The plant
can have more than one of the following elements:
a) Screen
b) Distributor
c) Decanter bioreactor
d) Anaerobic filter
e) Aerobic treatment, for example, wetlands.
4. A modular waste water treatment plant such as the one claimed in Claim 2, where the
decanter bioreactor and the anaerobic filter modules are arranged in parallel series
and converge to the same output of the process.
5. A modular waste water treatment plant such as the one claimed in Claim 2, where the
decanter bioreactor and anaerobic filter are arranged in series and converge to the
same output of the process.
6. A modular waste water treatment plant such as the one claimed in Claim 3, which has
an electro mechanic device to accelerate the sludge cleaning process.
7. A modular waste water treatment plant such as the one claimed in Claim 1, where the
treatment plant can also have an aerobic filter with a packed bed and air feeding.
8. A modular waste water treatment plant such as the one claimed in Claim 1, where the
treatment plant can also have an aerobic filter with a packed bed and air feeding,
where the discharge of waste water is used to supply artificial wetlands.
9. A process to treat waste water where there are decanting, primary reaction and anaerobic
filtering stages accomplished through the system described in Claim 1.
10. A process to treat waste water which has the stages of decanting, primary reaction,
anaerobic filtering and aerobic filtering accomplished through the system described
in Claim 1.
11. A water treatment plant as claimed in some of the previous clauses, where the removal
of sludge and coliforms is close to 100%.