Method and plant for packaging fresh food products, such as fruit and vegetables, and food product thus packaged

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention concerns a method and the relative plant for packaging fresh food products, such as fruit and vegetables. In particular, the present invention is used for packaging fresh fruit and vegetables, for example apples, pears, oranges, carrots, bananas and others, intended for individual distribution in automatic distributors in public places.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Fresh food products are known, such as fruit and vegetables, commonly sold retail and in large scale retail outlets, loose or disposed on containers or boxes made of plastic, wood or cardboard.

[0003] The products are generally sold complete with the peel which is removed, if necessary, by the consumer when they are eaten.

[0004] The products are necessarily sold with the peel due to the fact that the desired freshness of the product on the counter must be guaranteed at least for some days.

[0005] In fact, if they are preserved with the peel in a cool dry place, the products keep their organoleptic properties substantially unchanged for some days whereas, if they have no peel, they deteriorate in the space of a few hours, due to the effect of the oxidation of the hydroquinones inside them.

[0006] The habit of having quick snacks with fresh, natural products is becoming more and more common, even outside the house, as an alternative to the high-caloric food that is typical of long-preservation snacks with additives, produced industrially.

[0007] However, fresh products, like fruit and vegetables, for example apples, pears, carrots, and others, are difficult to distribute individually in traditional automatic snack distributors.

[0008] This is due to the fact that, since it is necessary to guarantee a practical and speedy consumption for the user, also considering that natural products must be preserved with their peel, if they were to be distributed in automatic distributors, this would entail a simultaneous distribution of utensils in order to remove the peel at the moment of consumption

[0009] Furthermore, if the product is peeled, there are problems relating to the juice which, to a lesser or greater extent, can come out of the product and dirty the user's hands or stain his/her clothes.

[0010] The need to distribute fresh products such as fruit and vegetables individually is even more prevalent in school institutions, since it is preferable that children's diet should include fruit and vegetables for a correct intake of fibers and vitamins, and that the consumption of industrially produced quick snacks should be reduced. Children, however, are unable to use cutting utensils efficiently and with due attention in order to remove the peel from fruit and vegetables and are therefore obliged to eat such products with the peel. Very often, even if washed, the peel has chemical products used in agriculture, wax or microorganisms.

[0011] Document US-A-4,034,536 discloses an automatic packaging apparatus and methods for packaging sliced food products substantially flat such as bacon in evacuated or gas-filled packages.

[0012] Document US-A-4,835,942 discloses a seafood vacuum-pack system for producing a vacuum packed shrimp pack.

[0013] Purpose of the present invention is to perfect a method, and the relative plant, to distribute individually fresh food products by means of automatic distributors, guaranteeing both that the organoleptic properties of the natural fresh product are maintained without using preservatives and/or additives of various types, and also that the products can be consumed in a practical and rapid manner, substantially for every type of user.

[0014] The Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The present invention is set forth and characterized in the independent claims, while the dependent claims describe other characteristics of the invention or variants to the main inventive idea.

[0016] In accordance with the above purpose, a method for packaging fresh food products, such as fruit and vegetables provided on the outside with a protective peel, comprises at least a peeling step, in which the peel is removed from said product.

[0017] According to a characteristic feature of the present invention, after the peeling step, the peel is replaced in its functions of protecting and preserving the product with at least a coveringfilm made of thermo-formable material by means of at least a covering step, in which said at least a film of material, advantageously but not necessarily totally or partly transparent, is associated with the external surface of the food product. Said covering step comprises a first shaping sub-step, in which a first film in the form of a strip made of thermo-formable material is shaped so as to define a seating having a shape correlated to the product, a second positioning sub-step in which said product is deposited in said seating, and a third covering sub-step in which a second film in the form of a strip made of thermo-formable material is positioned above the first film so as to cover the whole surface of the product. Moreover, the method of the present invention comprises a molding step in which the film is made to adhere to the external surface of the food product by depositing said second film so as to assume a shape correlated to the product so that the bulk of the package is substantially equal to that of the non-packaged product.

[0018] With this method we obtain a natural product in which the film replaces the peel in its functions of protecting and preserving the product but, unlike the peel, it is easily removed without the aid of utensils. Moreover, the bulk of the package is substantially equal to that of the non-packaged product, and therefore suitable for the limited spaces of the compartments of automatic distributors.

[0019] In this way it is also possible to package products substantially spherical in shape, without the film forming bends and overlapping on the surface of the product.

[0020] According to a variant, in the case of thermo-formable film, after the molding step, a step of heat-retraction is provided, in which the film is made to shrink so as to adhere further to the surface of the product.

[0021] This solution allows to increase further the adherence of the film to the product, with a final result that simulates the peel.

[0022] According to a variant, before the covering step, the present invention comprises a step of anti-oxidizing treatment, in which the peeled product is treated with an anti-oxidant solution in order to delay browning and to increase duration.

[0023] According to a variant, the molding step provides a sub-step to create a vacuum, in which the air between the film and the product is taken in.

[0024] This operation, eliminating or reducing the presence of oxygen in contact with the product, reinforces the effect of the anti-oxidizing treatment and allows to further extend the duration of the product.

[0025] According to another variant, after the vacuum step, the molding step comprises a sealing step in which the film is made solid in a closing zone, and a trimming sub-step in which the film is trimmed along the line of solidarization.

[0026] Solidarization makes the package hermetic, thus preventing any contamination of the product by external agents and also prevents any air from entering.

[0027] According to a variant, before the step of anti-oxidizing treatment, the method comprises a cutting step, in which the product is cut into portions of a predefined shape, for example segments or round pieces, which are kept together to form the original shape of the product.

[0028] This solution is particularly advantageous in the case of products intended for distribution in public places, such as for example hospitals, rest homes and schools, frequented by consumers who need to be able to eat the product in pieces that are easily picked up by hand, and not bitten.

[0029] According to another variant, the film is a color that reproduces the appearance of the packaged food product. In this way, the product is more easily recognizable by the consumer and is aesthetically more pleasing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] These and other characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferential form of embodiment, given as a non-restrictive example with reference to the attached drawings wherein:

• fig. 1 is a schematic view of a packaging plant according to the present invention;
• fig. 2 is a lateral schematic view of a detail of the plant in fig. 1;
• fig. 3a is a lateral view of a product during the packaging step with the plant in fig.1;
• fig. 3b is a three-dimensional view of a part of fig. 3a;
• fig. 4 is a perspective view of the packaged product made with the plant in fig. 1;
• fig. 5 is a block diagram of a packaging method according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERENTIAL FORM OF EMBODIMENT

[0031] With reference to the attached drawings, a plant 10 according to the present invention is used to package fresh food products, in this case apples 20.

[0032] The following example provides to use film made of thermo-formable material.

[0033] With particular reference to fig. 1, the plant 10 comprises a loading station 11, a washing tank 12, a peeling station 13, a grading station 14, an anti-oxidizing treatment tank 15, a drying station 16 and a packaging station 17.

[0034] The loading station 11, washing tank 12, peeling station 13, grading station 14, anti-oxidizing treatment tank 15 and drying station 16 are substantially of a known type.

[0035] In particular, the apples 20 are loaded into the loading station 11 and made to slide into the washing tank 12 in which they are washed, generally with water.

[0036] The washing tank 12 comprises lifting means that pick up the apples 20 and convey them toward the peeling station 13.

[0037] The peeling station 13 comprises an orientation device that rotates the apples 20 until the stalk-sepal axis is in a vertical direction, and peeling means that peel the apples 20, for example by turning, and possible remove the core.

[0038] In the grading station 15, for example comprising a conveyor belt, the apples 20 that are unsuitable are identified and discarded, either manually or automatically.

[0039] The suitable apples 20 are immersed for a determinate period of time in the anti-oxidizing treatment tank 15, containing an anti-oxidant solution, for example a solution of ascorbic acid, and are subsequently dried in the drying station 16 for example by means of ventilators.

[0040] With particular reference to fig. 2, the packaging station 17 comprises shaping means 21, feed means 28, covering means 22, a sealing unit 23 and heat-retraction means 27.

[0041] The packaging station 17 also comprises a first unwinding roller 33, disposed upstream of the shaping means 21, and able to feed to the shaping means 21 a first film 31 of thermo-formable material, in the form of a strip, and a second unwinding roller 34, associated with the covering means 22 and able to feed to the covering means 22 a second film 32 of thermo-formable plastic material, in the form of a strip.

[0042] The shaping means 21 comprise a mold with a shape correlated with the shape of part of the apple 20 to be packaged, able to pre-form the first film 31.

[0043] In this case the mold is shaped to pre-form the first film 31 so that it covers more than half of the apple 20, excluding an upper cap.

[0044] By molding, a seating 30 is formed on the strip (figs. 3a and 3b) into which the apple is placed manually when it exits from the shaping means 21.

[0045] The feed means 28 are provided immediately downstream of the shaping means 21.

[0046] In this case, the feed means 28 comprise two chains disposed parallel at a distance equal to the width of the first film 31, each of which is disposed annularly on two pulleys. The pulleys, which cannot be seen in the drawings, are disposed respectively one immediately upstream of the shaping means 21, and one immediately downstream of the sealing unit 23.

[0047] An edge of the first film 31 is associated with each chain, to feed it toward the sealing unit 23.

[0048] In this way the first film 31 also functions as a conveyor belt for the apples 20.

[0049] According to a variant, downstream of the shaping means 21, in the direction of feed of the first film 31, positioning means are provided, able to position the apple 20 in the seating 30 in an automated manner.

[0050] Downstream of the shaping means 21 and upstream of the sealing unit 23 the covering means 22 are disposed, comprising a plurality of tensioning rollers 35 and a positioning device 29, which gradually position the second film 32 above the apples 20 during the advance of the first film 31 and the apples 20 from the shaping means 21 to the sealing unit 23.

[0051] The second film 32 advances solid with the first film 31 toward the sealing unit 23.

[0052] The sealing unit 23 comprises a vacuum formation device 24 which takes in the air present between the two films 31 and 32 and the surface of the apple 20.

[0053] The sealing unit 23 also comprises sealing means 25 that weld the two films 31 and 32 to each other in the perimeter zone of the apple 20. The films are welded using known methods, for example melting, pressure, laser or other.

[0054] The sealing unit 23 comprises trimming means 26, disposed downstream of the sealing means 25, which cut the two films 31 and 32 along the edge of the sealed portion 37 (fig. 4).

[0055] Advantageously, the trimming means 26 shape a tongue 36, comprising a portion of the same shape and size as each of the two films 31 and 32. A longitudinal cut 40 is made on the tongue 36, for an easy opening of the package.

[0056] The sealing unit 23 feeds the heat-retraction means 27.

[0057] The heat-retraction means 27 comprise a heat-retraction tank 38 containing hot water, at a temperature such as to cause the films 31 and 32 to shrink, and a holed platform 39, disposed movable vertically inside the heat-retraction tank 38.

[0058] The covered apples 20 are loaded, manually or by means of automatic devices, onto the platform 39 when the latter is at a level above the surface of the water of the heat-retraction tank 38. Subsequently, the platform 39 moves downward to a level where the apples 20 are completely immersed in the water. The platform 39 remains in this position for the time needed for the films 31 and 32 to shrink, and then returns to the initial level, above the surface of the water.

[0059] The holes of the platform 39 are able to drain the apples 20 of residual water after immersion.

[0060] According to a variant, the packaging station 17 provides a device, associated with the shaping means 23, to recover the off cuts from the trimming of the films 31 and 32.

[0061] The device to recover the off cuts is for example of the suction type, and comprises a plurality of suction tubes disposed in correspondence with the trimming means 26.

[0062] It is clear, however, that modifications and/or additions of parts may be made to the plant 10 as described heretofore, without departing from the field and scope of the present invention.

[0063] It is also clear that, although the present invention has been described with reference to some specific examples, a person of skill in the art shall certainly be able to achieve many other equivalent forms of plant for packaging fresh food product, having the characteristics as set forth in the claims and hence all coming within the field of protection defined thereby.

Claims

1. Method for packaging a fruit or vegetable fresh food product (20), substantially spherical in shape, provided externally with a protective peel, comprising at least a peeling step, in which the peel is removed from said product (20), characterized in that after the peeling step, the peel is replaced in its functions of protecting and preserving the product with at least a covering film made of thermo-formable material by means of:

- at least a covering step, in which said at least a covering film is associated with the external surface of said product (20), said covering step comprising a first shaping sub-step, in which a first film (31) in the form of a strip made of thermo-formable material is shaped so as to define a seating (30) having a shape correlated to the product (20) substantially spherical in shape, a second positioning sub-step in which said product (20) is deposited in said seating (30) so that the first film (31) covers more than half of the product (20), excluding an upper cap, and a third covering sub-step in which a second film (32) in the form of a strip made of thermo-formable material is positioned above the first film (31) so as to cover the whole surface of the product (20),

- a molding step in which said covering film is made to adhere to the external surface of said product (20) by depositing said second film (32) so as to assume a substantially spherical shape correlated to the product (20) so that the bulk of the package is substantially equal to that of the non-packaged product, said molding step comprising a sub-step of creating a vacuum, in which the air present between said covering film and said product (20) is taken in, a sealing sub-step in which the covering film is made solid in correspondence with a predefined closing zone, and a trimming sub-step in which said covering film is trimmed along an edge of the sealed portion (37) made solid.

- a step of heat retraction provided after the molding step, in which said covering film is made to shrink by using hot water, at a temperature such as to cause the films (31) and (32) to shrink so as to adhere further to the surface of the product (20) substantially spherical in shape.

2. Method as in claim 1, characterized in that in said sealing sub-step said first film (31) and said second film (32) are made solid with each other along a predefined peripheral portion, and in said trimming sub-step said first film (31) and said second film (32) are trimmed along the edge of the portion (37) made solid.

3. Method as in any claim hereinbefore, characterized in that, before the covering step, it comprises an anti-oxidizing treatment of said product (20).

4. Method as in claim 3, characterized in that, before the anti-oxidizing treatment, it comprises a cutting step in which said product (20) is pre-cut into portions of a predefined shape which are kept associated so as to form the original shape of the product (20).

5. Method as in any claim hereinbefore, characterized in that the product (20) is made to advance by means of the first film (31) that also functions as a conveyor belt.

6. Method as in any claim hereinbefore, characterized in that the fresh food product is an apple (20) and the covering step is configured to package products substantially spherical in shape by pre-forming the first film (31) so that it covers more than half of the apple (20), excluding the upper cap and gradually positioning the second film (32) above the apple (20) during the advance of the first film (31) and the apple (20) from the shaping means (21), without the covering film forming bends and overlapping on the surface of the product.

7. Plant for packaging a fruit or vegetable fresh food product (20) substantially spherical in shape, provided externally with a protective peel, comprising at least a peeling station (13), able to remove the peel from said product (20), characterized in that it comprises a packaging station (17) suitable for replacing the peel in its functions of protecting and preserving the product with at least a covering film made of thermo-formable material, said packaging station (17) being provided at least with:

- a covering unit, able to position at least a covering film on the external surface of said product (20) and comprising shaping means (21), able to shape a first film (31) so as to define a seating (30) having a shape correlated to that of the product (20) substantially spherical in shape, and in which said product (20) is deposited so that the first film (31) covers more than half of the product (20), excluding an upper cap, and covering means (22), cooperating with said shaping means (21) and able to position a second film (32) above the first film (31) so as to cover the whole surface of the product (20),

- a sealing unit (23), able to make said covering film adhere to the surface of said product (20) by depositing said second film (32) so as to assume a shape correlated to the product (20) so that the bulk of the package is substantially equal to that of the non-packaged product, said sealing unit (23) comprising a device (24) to create a vacuum, disposed downstream of said covering unit and able to take in the air present between said covering film and said product (20) and sealing means (25), able to make solid said covering film in correspondence with a predefined closing zone, and trimming means (26), disposed downstream of said sealing means (25) and able to trim said covering film along an edge of the sealed portion (37) made solid

- a heat retraction means (27), disposed downstream of said sealing unit (23) and able to shrink said covering film by using hot water, at a temperature such as to cause the films (31) and (32) to shrink so as to adhere further to the surface of the product (20).

8. Plant as in claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a conveyor belt for advancing the product (20) that is made by means of the first film (31).

9. Plant as in claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the fresh food product is an apple (20) and the covering unit is configured to package products substantially spherical in shape, wherein the shaping means (21) are shaped to pre-form the first film (31) so that it covers more than half of the apple (20), excluding the upper cap and the covering means (22) are configured to gradually positioning the second film (32) above the apple (20) during the advance of the first film (31) and the apple (20) from the shaping means (21), without the covering film forming bends and overlapping on the surface of the product.

10. Packaged fruit or vegetable fresh food product substantially spherical in shape, without the protective peel, obtainable with a method according to any claims from 1 to 6, characterized in that the peel is replaced in its functions of protecting and preserving the product with at least a covering film made of thermo-formable material adhered to the external surface of said product (20), said covering film comprising a first film (31), shaped to define a seating (30) having a shape correlated to the product (20) in which the product (20) is disposed and covering more than half of the product (20), excluding an upper cap, and a second film (32), positioned above the first film (31) so as to cover the whole surface of the product (20), and deposited so as to assume a shape correlated to the product (20) and the bulk of the package formed by the covering film is substantially equal to that of the non-packaged product, wherein the first film (31) and the second film (32) are sealed together along an edge of a sealed portion (37) and are heat-retracted by hot water, at a temperature such as to cause the films (31) and (32) to shrink, so as to adhere further to the surface of the product (20) substantially spherical in shape.

11. Product as in claim 10, characterized in that the fresh food product is an apple (20) and the first film (31) covers more than half of the apple (20), excluding the upper cap and the second film (32) is positioned above the apple (20), without the covering film forming bends and overlapping on the surface of the product.

Ansprüche

1. Verfahren zum Verpacken eines frischen Obst- oder Gemüse-Lebensmittelproduktes (20) von im Wesentlichen kugeliger Form, das außen mit einer schützenden Schale versehen ist, aufweisend mindestens einen Schälschritt, in dem die Schale von dem Produkt (20) entfernt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schale nach dem Schälschritt in ihren Funktionen des Schützens und Konservierens des Produktes durch mindestens eine Deckfolie aus einem thermobeziehungsweise warmformbaren Material ersetzt wird durch:

- mindestens einen Abdeckschritt, in dem die mindestens eine Deckfolie mit der Außenfläche des Produktes (20) zusammengebracht wird, wobei der Abdeckschritt einen ersten formenden Unterschritt, in dem eine erste Folie (31) in Form eines Streifens aus warmformbarem Material derart geformt wird, dass sie eine Aufnahme (30) mit einer Form bildet, die dem im Wesentlichen kugelförmigen Produkt (20) entspricht, einen zweiten positionierenden Unterschritt, in dem das Produkt (20) in der Aufnahme (30) abgelegt wird, so dass die erste Folie (31) mehr als die Hälfte des Produktes (20) bedeckt, ausgenommen einer oberen Kappe, und einen dritten abdeckenden Unterschritt aufweist, in dem eine zweite Folie (32) in Form eines Streifens aus warmformbarem Material oberhalb der ersten Folie (31) positioniert wird, so dass die gesamte Oberfläche des Produktes (20) bedeckt wird,

- einen Formschritt, in dem bewirkt wird, dass die Deckfolie an der Außenfläche des Produktes (20) haftet, indem die zweite Folie (32) so abgelegt wird, dass sie eine im Wesentlichen kugelige Form annimmt, die dem Produkt (20) entspricht, so dass das Volumen der Verpackung im Wesentlichen gleich demjenigen des nicht verpackten Produktes ist, wobei der Formschritt einen Unterschritt des Erzeugens eines Vakuums, in dem die zwischen der Deckfolie und dem Produkt (20) vorhandene Luft angesaugt wird, einen versiegelnden Unterschritt, in dem die Deckfolie entsprechend eines vorbestimmten Schließbereichs fest gemacht wird, und einen zuschneidenden Unterschritt aufweist, in dem die Deckfolie entlang einer Kante des versiegelten Abschnitts (37), der fest gemacht wurde, zugeschnitten wird,

- einen Schritt des Wärmeschrumpfens, der nach dem Formschritt vorgesehen ist, wobei bewirkt wird, dass die Deckfolie unter Anwendung von heißem Wasser bei einer solchen Temperatur schrumpft, die bewirkt, dass die Folien (31) und (32) schrumpfen, so dass sie weiter an der Oberfläche des im Wesentlichen kugelförmigen Produktes (20) haften.

2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem versiegelnden Unterschritt die erste Folie (31) und die zweite Folie (32) miteinander entlang eines vordefinierten Umfangsabschnitts fest gemacht werden und in dem zuschneidenden Unterschritt die erste Folie (31) und die zweite Folie (32) entlang der Kante des fest gemachten Abschnitts (37) zugeschnitten werden.

3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieses vor dem Abdeckschritt eine antioxidierende Behandlung des Produktes (20) umfasst.

4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieses vor der antioxidierenden Behandlung einen Schneideschritt aufweist, in dem das Produkt (20) in Abschnitte einer vorbestimmten Form vorgeschnitten wird, die zusammengehalten werden, um die ursprüngliche Form des Produktes (20) zu bilden.

5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt (20) durch die erste Folie (31), die auch als Förderband dient, vorgeschoben wird.

6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das frische Lebensmittelprodukt ein Apfel (20) ist und dass der Abdeckschritt dafür konfiguriert ist, Produkte von im Wesentlichen kugeliger Form durch Vorformen der ersten Folie (31) zu verpacken, so dass sie mehr als die Hälfte des Apfels (20) bedeckt, ausgenommen der oberen Kappe, und durch allmähliches Positionieren der zweiten Folie (32) oberhalb des Apfels (20) während des Vorschiebens der ersten Folie (31) und des Apfels (20) von den Formmitteln (21), ohne dass die Deckfolie Krümmungen bildet und auf der Oberfläche des Produktes überlappt.

7. Anlage zum Verpacken eines frischen Obst- oder Gemüse-Lebensmittelproduktes (20) von im Wesentlichen kugeliger Form, das außen mit einer schützenden Schale versehen ist, aufweisend mindestens eine Schälstation (13), die in der Lage ist, die Schale von dem Produkt (20) zu entfernen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Verpackungsstation (17) aufweist, die geeignet ist, die Schale in ihren Funktionen des Schützens und Konservierens des Produktes durch mindestens eine Deckfolie aus einem warmformbaren Material zu ersetzen, wobei die Verpackungsstation (17) mindestens mit den folgenden Elementen versehen ist:

- einer Abdeckeinheit, die in der Lage ist, mindestens eine Deckfolie auf der Außenfläche des Produktes (20) zu positionieren, und die eine Formeinrichtung (21) aufweist, die in der Lage ist, eine erste Folie (31) so zu formen, dass sie eine Aufnahme (30) definiert, die eine Form hat, die derjenigen des im Wesentlichen kugelförmigen Produktes (20) entspricht, und in der das Produkt (20) so abgelegt wird, dass die erste Folie (31) mehr als die Hälfte des Produktes (20) bedeckt, ausgenommen einer oberen Kappe, und die Abdeckmittel (22) aufweist, die mit den Formmitteln (21) zusammenwirken und in der Lage sind, eine zweite Folie (32) oberhalb der ersten Folie (31) zu positionieren, um die gesamte Oberfläche des Produktes (20) zu bedecken,

- einer Versiegelungseinheit (23), die in der Lage ist, zu bewirken, dass die Deckfolie an der Oberfläche des Produktes (20) haftet durch Ablegen der zweiten Folie (32), um eine dem Produkt (20) entsprechende Form anzunehmen, so dass das Volumen der Verpackung im Wesentlichen gleich demjenigen des nicht verpackten Produktes ist, wobei die Versiegelungseinheit (23) eine Vorrichtung (24) zur Erzeugung eines Vakuums, die stromabwärts der Abdeckeinheit angeordnet und in der Lage ist, die zwischen der Deckfolie und dem Produkt (20) vorhandene Luft anzusaugen, und Versiegelungsmittel (25), die in der Lage sind, die Deckfolie entsprechend eines vordefinierten Schließbereichs hart zu machen, und 2uschneidemittel (26) aufweist, die stromabwärts der Versiegelungsmittel (25) angeordnet und in der Lage sind, die Deckfolie entlang einer Kante des versiegelten, fest beziehungsweise hart gemachten Abschnitts (37) zuzuschneiden,

- Wärmeschrumpfmittel (27), die stromabwärts der Versiegelungseinheit (23) angeordnet und in der Lage sind, die Deckfolie unter Anwendung von heißem Wasser bei einer solchen Temperatur zu schrumpfen, dass bewirkt wird, dass die Folien (31) und (32) schrumpfen, so dass sie weiter beziehungsweise besser auf der Oberfläche des Produktes (20) haften.

8. Anlage nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Förderband zum Vorschieben des Produktes (20) aufweist, das durch die erste Folie (31) gebildet ist.

9. Anlage nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das frische Lebensmittelprodukt ein Apfel (20) ist und dass die Abdeckeinheit dafür konfiguriert ist, Produkte von im Wesentlichen kugeliger Form zu verpacken, wobei die Formmittel (21) so geformt sind, dass sie die erste Folie (31) vorformen, so dass sie mehr als die Hälfte des Apfels (20) bedeckt, ausgenommen der oberen Kappe, und die Abdeckmittel (22) dafür konfiguriert sind, die zweite Folie (32) während des Vorschiebens der ersten Folie (31) und des Apfels (20) von den Formmitteln (21) allmählich oberhalb des Apfels (20) zu positionieren, ohne dass die Deckfolie Krümmungen bildet und auf der Oberfläche des Produktes überlappt.

10. Verpacktes frisches Obst- oder Gemüse-Lebensmittelprodukt von im Wesentlichen kugeliger Form ohne die schützende Schale, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schale in ihren Funktionen des Schützens und Konservierens des Produktes durch mindestens eine Deckfolie aus einem warmformbaren Material ersetzt wird, das an der Außenfläche des Produktes (20) haftet, wobei die Deckfolie eine erste Folie (31) umfasst, die so geformt ist, dass sie eine Aufnahme (30) mit einer dem Produkt (20) entsprechenden Form definiert, in der das Produkt (20) angeordnet ist, und die mehr als die Hälfte des Produktes (20) bedeckt, ausgenommen einer oberen Kappe, und eine zweite Folie (32) umfasst, die oberhalb der ersten Folie (31) positioniert ist, so dass sie die gesamte Oberfläche des Produktes (20) bedeckt, und die so aufgelegt ist, dass sie eine dem Produkt (20) entsprechende Form annimmt, und dass das Volumen der von der Deckfolie gebildeten Verpackung im Wesentlichen gleich demjenigen des nicht verpackten Produktes ist, wobei die erste Folie (31) und die zweite Folie (32) entlang einer Kante eines versiegelten Abschnitts (37) miteinander versiegelt sind und durch heißes Wasser bei einer solchen Temperatur warmgeschrumpft sind, die bewirkt, dass die Folien (31) und (32) schrumpfen, so dass sie besser an der Oberfläche des Produktes (20) von im Wesentlichen kugeliger Form haften.

11. Produkt nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das frische Lebensmittelprodukt ein Apfel (20) ist und dass die erste Folie (31) mehr als die Hälfte des Apfels (20) bedeckt, ausgenommen der oberen Kappe, und die zweite Folie (32) oberhalb des Apfels (20) positioniert ist, ohne dass die Deckfolie Krümmungen bildet und auf der Oberfläche des Produktes überlappt.

Revendications

1. Procédé d'emballage d'un produit alimentaire frais tel que fruit ou légume (20), de forme substantiellement sphérique, doté sur le plan externe d'une peau protectrice, comprenant au moins une étape de pelage dans laquelle la peau est retirée dudit produit (20), caractérisé en ce que, après l'étape de pelage, la peau est remplacée dans ses fonctions de protection et de conservation du produit par au moins un film de couverture constitué d'un matériau thermoformable au moyen de :

- au moins une étape de couverture, dans laquelle ledit au moins un film de couverture est associé à la surface externe dudit produit (20), ladite étape de couverture comprenant une première sous-étape de façonnage dans laquelle un premier film (31) sous la forme d'une bande constituée d'un matériau thermoformable est façonné de façon à définir une place (30) ayant une forme correspondant au produit (20) de forme substantiellement sphérique, une deuxième sous-étape de positionnement dans laquelle ledit produit (20) est déposé dans ladite place (30) de sorte que le premier film (31) couvre plus de la moitié du produit (20), à l'exclusion d'un couvercle supérieur et une troisième sous-étape de couverture dans laquelle un deuxième film (32) sous la forme d'une bande constituée d'un matériau thermoformable est placé au-dessus du premier film (31) de façon à couvrir la surface entière du produit (20),

- une étape de moulage dans laquelle on fait adhérer ledit film de couverture à la surface externe dudit produit (20) en déposant ledit deuxième film (32) de façon à ce qu'il prenne une forme substantiellement sphérique correspondant au produit (20) de sorte que la masse de l'emballage soit substantiellement égale à celle du produit non emballé, ladite étape de moulage comprenant une sous-étape de création d'un vide dans laquelle l'air présent entre ledit film de couverture et ledit produit (20) est prélevé, une sous-étape de scellement dans laquelle le film de couverture est solidarisé de façon à correspondre à une zone de fermeture prédéfinie, une sous-étape d'ébarbage dans laquelle ledit film de couverture est ébarbé le long d'un bord de la partie scellée (37) solidarisée,

- une étape de thermorétraction assurée après l'étape de moulage, dans laquelle ledit film de couverture est rétracté en utilisant de l'eau chaude, à une température entraînant la rétraction des films (31) et (32) de façon à adhérer encore à la surface du produit (20) de forme substantiellement sphérique.

2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que dans ladite sous-étape de scellement, ledit premier film (31) et ledit deuxième film (32) sont solidarisés l'un avec l'autre le long d'une partie périphérique prédéfinie et dans ladite sous-étape d'ébarbage, ledit premier film (31) et ledit deuxième film (32) sont ébarbés le long du bord de la partie (37) solidarisée.

3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, avant l'étape de couverture, il comprend un traitement antioxydant dudit produit (20).

4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, avant le traitement antioxydant, il comprend une étape de découpe dans laquelle ledit produit (20) est prédécoupé en portions d'une forme prédéfinie qui sont maintenues associées de façon à former la forme d'origine du produit (20).

5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on fait avancer le produit (20) au moyen du premier film (31) qui fait également office de bande de transport.

6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le produit alimentaire frais est une pomme (20) et l'étape de couverture est configurée de façon à emballer des produits de forme substantiellement sphérique en préformant le premier film (31) de sorte qu'il couvre plus de la moitié de la pomme (20) à l'exclusion du couvercle supérieur et en plaçant progressivement le deuxième film (32) au dessus de la pomme (20) pendant l'avancée du premier film (31) et de la pomme (20) depuis les moyens de façonnage (21) sans que le film de couverture ne forme de plis et de chevauchement sur la surface du produit.

7. Installation d'emballage d'un produit alimentaire frais tel qu'un fruit ou un légume (20) de forme substantiellement sphérique, doté sur le plan externe d'une peau protectrice, comprenant au moins un poste de pelage (13) pouvant retirer la peau dudit produit (20), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un poste d'emballage (17) approprié pour remplacer la peau dans ses fonctions de protection et de conservation du produit par au moins un film de couverture constitué d'un matériau thermoformable, ledit poste d'emballage (17) étant doté au moins de :

- une unité de couverture pouvant placer au moins un film de couverture sur la surface externe dudit produit (20) et comprenant des moyens de façonnage (21) pouvant façonner un premier film (31) de façon à définir une place (30) ayant une forme correspondant à celle du produit (20) de forme substantiellement sphérique et dans laquelle ledit produit (20) est déposé de sorte que le premier film (31) couvre plus de la moitié du produit (20), à l'exclusion d'un couvercle supérieur et des moyens de couverture (22) coopérant avec lesdits moyens de façonnage (21) et pouvant placer un deuxième film (32) au dessus du premier film (31) de façon à couvrir la surface entière du produit (20),

- une unité de scellement (23) pouvant faire adhérer ledit film de couverture à la surface dudit produit (20) en déposant ledit deuxième film (32) de façon à ce qu'il prenne une forme correspondant au produit (20) de sorte que la masse de l'emballage soit substantiellement égale à celle du produit non emballé, ladite unité de scellement (23) comprenant un dispositif (24) pour créer un vide, disposé en aval de ladite unité de couverture et pouvant prélever l'air présent entre ledit film de couverture et ledit produit (20) et des moyens de scellement (25) pouvant solidariser ledit film de couverture de façon à correspondre à une zone de fermeture prédéfinie, et des moyens d'ébarbage (26) disposés en aval desdits moyens de scellement (25) et pouvant ébarber ledit film de couverture le long d'un bord de la partie scellée (37) solidarisée,

- des moyens de thermorétraction (27) disposés en aval de ladite unité de scellement (23) et pouvant rétracter ledit film de couverture en utilisant de l'eau chaude, à une température entraînant la rétraction des films (31) et (32) de façon à adhérer encore à la surface du produit (20).

8. Installation selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une bande de transport pour faire avancer le produit (20), qui est constituée au moyen du premier film (31).

9. Installation selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que le produit alimentaire frais est une pomme (20) et l'unité de couverture est configurée de façon à emballer des produits de forme substantiellement sphérique, dans laquelle les moyens de façonnage (21) sont formés de façon à préformer le premier film (31) de sorte qu'il couvre plus de la moitié de la pomme (20) à l'exclusion du couvercle supérieur et les moyens de couverture (22) sont configurés de façon à placer progressivement le deuxième film (32) au dessus de la pomme (20) pendant l'avancée du premier film (31) et de la pomme (20) depuis les moyens de façonnage (21) sans que le film de couverture ne forme de plis et de chevauchement sur la surface du produit.

10. Produit alimentaire frais tel qu'un fruit ou un légume emballé, de forme substantiellement sphérique, sans la peau protectrice, pouvant être obtenu avec un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la peau est remplacée dans ses fonctions de protection et de conservation du produit par au moins un film de couverture constitué d'un matériau thermoformable adhérant à la surface externe dudit produit (20), ledit film de couverture comprenant un premier film (31) formé de façon à définir une place (30) ayant une forme correspondant au produit (20) dans laquelle ledit produit (20) est déposé et couvrant plus de la moitié du produit (20), à l'exclusion d'un couvercle supérieur et un deuxième film (32) placé au-dessus du premier film (31) de façon à couvrir la surface entière du produit (20), et déposé de façon à ce qu'il prenne une forme correspondant au produit (20) et la masse de l'emballage formé par le film de couverture est substantiellement égale à celle du produit non emballé, le premier film (31) et le deuxième film (32) étant scellés conjointement le long d'un bord d'une partie scellée (37) et étant thermorétractés à l'eau chaude, à une température entraînant la rétraction des films (31) et (32) de façon à adhérer encore à la surface du produit (20) de forme substantiellement sphérique.

11. Produit selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le produit alimentaire frais est une pomme (20) et le premier film (31) couvre plus de la moitié de la pomme (20) à l'exclusion du couvercle supérieur et le deuxième film (32) est placé sur la pomme (20) sans que le film de couverture ne forme de plis et de chevauchement sur la surface du produit.

Drawing