Field of the Patent Application
[0001] The present patent application relates to nylon composite materials and preparation
methods thereof, and more particularly, to a high wear-resistant nylon composite material
for rollers on an airport freight vehicle and a preparation method thereof.
Background
[0002] Polyamide (PA) is commonly known as nylon, and amide groups of the polyamide are
polarized and can form a hydrogen bond, and hence polyamide has excellent mechanical
properties, and is a type of engineering plastics with good shock resistance and relatively
strong toughness. This material is characterized by: 1. high crystallinity, high surface
hardness, high wear resistance, small friction coefficient, good self-lubricating
and silencing properties; 2. good low temperature performance and heat resistance;
3. non-toxicity, odorlessness, non-putridness, being self-extinguishing, good weather
resistance, but poor dyeability; 4. good chemical stability, good seawater resistance,
good solvent resistance, good oil resistance, but poor acid resistance; 5. good electrical
insulation, which, however, is susceptible to temperature; 6. great water absorbing
capability, and its dimensional stability and electrical properties being susceptible
to water.
[0003] Nylon 6 (PA6) and nylon 66 (PA66) are the main varieties of nylon. Nylon 6 also has
good physical, mechanical properties, such as high tensile strength, excellent abrasion
resistance, impact resistance, outstanding chemical resistance and oil resistance.
Nylon 66 is a kind of uniform thermoplastic high molecular polymers with symmetrical
molecular structure containing six methylene, having high strength, wear resistance,
solvent resistance, good self-lubricating characteristic, wide usage temperature range
and other advantages, and being one kind of the engineering plastics that are relatively
widely used.
[0004] Since nylon has excellent performance, nylon is widely used in industrial manufacturing,
such as automobiles, instruments and meters, machineries, textiles and so on. The
material is mostly used as components and structural parts. However, its great water
absorbing capability and poor dimensional stability limits it from wider usage. The
water absorbing capability of nylon can be reduced by filling enhancement modifier,
so as to ensure that nylon works in highly hot and humid conditions, and in the meanwhile
to increase rigidity, to reduce the high temperature creep degeneration and shrinkage
rate, and to improve the dimensional stability, the impact strength, the abrasion
resistance and the flame resistance. Generally, the enhancement modifier is mainly
glass fibers, and the amount of the added glass fibers has a relatively large impact
on the mechanical properties (large impact, tensile, and bending strength) of the
composite material.
[0005] As being well known, rollers need to be mounted on lifting platform vehicles as the
existing airport transportation equipment. The rollers can push a container and a
container board by a roller shaft to move back and forth, left and right, or rotate.
A roller made of aluminum alloy or other metal alloy provided by the existing technology
is not reasonable, because the same metal has large intersolubility, and is easy to
adhere and thereby be worn. In addition, there are two different mechanisms for abrasion
of aluminum alloy under different loads. Aluminum alloy worn under low load is referred
as slight abrasion or oxidation abrasion. The surface of aluminum alloy forms a layer
of dense oxide film, and the thickness of the oxide film is up to about 2[micro]m.
The layer of the oxide film is ruptured and falling off under the action of friction
forces, thereby producing some shredded shaped worn debris. Especially, the rollers
are prone to skid during the raining days. Consequently, the freights being transported
are out of control, and the freights need to be manually pushed to be adjusted to
the right direction. Many accidents occur every year in which the workers are injured
due to slipping and falling when pushing the freights. In addition, the existing rollers
made of aluminum alloy are prone to wear the bottom board of the container and the
container board, and to generate too much noise when friction occurs, thereby causing
damages to human ears.
[0006] A "Reinforced nylon compound material applied to external ornament, e.g. shell of
the electric tool, comprises polyamide 66 resin or polyamide 6 resin, compatilizer,
glass fiber or inorganic mineral, barium sulfate, and lubricant" is already known
form a Chinese patent application having the application number
CN 101314672 A by CHAI Z; CHEN X and YANG T. From patent application
EP0570632 (A1) a Mass polymerized styrene polymer composites reinforced with a mixture of fibrous
and spherical particles is known.
EP0346825 A2, a molding resin composition composed of a polyamide or a resin mixture of a polyamide
resin and a polymer of a monomer having a vinyl group, and an inorganic filler consisting
of a glass filler and calcium carbonate.
Summary
[0007] The technical problem that the present patent application is intended to solve is
to provide a high wear-resistant nylon composite material for rollers on an airport
freight vehicle and a preparation method thereof.
[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present patent application provides
a high wear-resistant nylon composite material for rollers on an airport freight vehicle
having the features of claim 1. Advantageous compositoins are disclosed in the dependent
claims. To solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present patent application
provides a preparation method of the high wear-resistant nylon composite material
with the features of claim 8.
[0009] A high wear-resistant nylon composite material includes:
60-80 wt% of nylon 6;
5-13 wt% of glass beads;
6-14 wt% of glass fiber powder;
5-7 wt% of lubricating anti-wear agent;
3-5 wt% of graft type toughening modifying agent;
0.3-1 wt% of antioxidant;
0.2-0.3 wt% of lubricating dispersant; and
0.2-0.5 wt% of nucleating agent.
[0010] Described herein is a second high wear-resistant nylon composite material for rollers
on an airport freight vehicle which includes:
60-80 wt% of nylon 66;
5-13 wt% of glass beads;
6-14 wt% of glass fiber powder;
5-7 wt% of lubricating anti-wear agent;
3-5 wt% of graft type toughening modifying agent;
0.3-1 wt% of antioxidant;
0.2-0.3 wt% of lubricating dispersant; and
0.2-0.5 wt% of nucleating agent.
[0011] The present patent application provides a high wear-resistant nylon composite material
for rollers on an airport freight vehicle is provided. The high wear-resistant nylon
composite material includes:
18-41 wt% of nylon 6;
28-42 wt% of nylon 66;
5-13 wt% of glass beads whose surface has been treated by a silane coupling agent;
6-14 wt% of glass fiber powder whose surface has been treated by a silane coupling
agent;
5-7 wt% of lubricating anti-wear agent;
3-5 wt% of graft type toughening modifying agent;
0.3-1 wt% of antioxidant;
0.2-0.3 wt% of lubricating dispersant; and
0.2-0.5 wt% of nucleating agent.
[0012] Described herein is also a fourth high wear-resistant nylon composite material for
rollers on an airport freight vehicle which includes :
60-80 wt% of nylon 6, or nylon 66, or a mixture of nylon 6 and nylon 66;
5-16 wt% of glass beads;
6-18 wt% of glass fiber powder;
5-7 wt% of lubricating anti-wear agent.
[0013] Preferably, the lubricating anti-wear agent is selected from the group consisting
of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene), and any
combination thereof.
[0014] The surfaces of the glass beads and the glass fiber powder are treated by a silane
coupling agent.
[0015] Preferably, the fourth high wear-resistant nylon composite material further includes
graft type toughening modifying agent, and the graft type toughening modifying agent
is present in an amount of 3-5 wt%.
[0016] Preferably, the graft type toughening modifying agent is graft polymerization oligomer
with polyolefin elastomer (POE) grafted unsaturated acid or acid anhydride, and the
melt index of the graft type toughening modifying agent is 1.0-5.0g/10min and the
graft rate of the graft type toughening modifying agent is 0.5-1%.
[0017] Preferably, the graft polymerization oligomer with polyolefin elastomer (POE) grafted
unsaturated acid or acid anhydride is maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer
(POE) with a melt index of 2g/10min and a graft rate of 0.8%.
[0018] Preferably, the fourth high wear-resistant nylon composite material further includes
antioxidant, and the antioxidant is present in an amount of 0.3-1 wt%.
[0019] Preferably, the antioxidant is a mixed system with hindered phenolic antioxidant
and phosphite ester antioxidant.
[0020] Preferably, the mixed system with hindered phenolic antioxidant and phosphite ester
antioxidant is antioxidant 1098/antioxidant 168 having a weight ratio of 1:1.
[0021] Preferably, the fourth high wear-resistant nylon composite material further includes
lubricating dispersant, and the lubricating dispersant is present in an amount of
0.2-0.3 wt%.
[0022] Preferably, the lubricating dispersant is stearate.
[0023] Preferably, the stearate is selected from the group consisting of calcium stearate,
zinc stearate, aluminum stearate and any combination thereof.
[0024] Preferably, the fourth high wear-resistant nylon composite material further includes
nucleating agent, and the nucleating agent is present in an amount of 0.2-0.5 wt%.
[0025] Preferably, the nucleating agent is a commercially available nucleating agent P-20.
[0026] Preferably, the fourth high wear-resistant nylon composite material includes:
69-73 wt% of nylon 6, or nylon 66, or a mixture of nylon 6 and nylon 66;
5-12 wt% of glass beads;
10-17 wt% of glass fiber powder;
5-6 wt% of lubricating anti-wear agent.
[0027] Described herein is a preparation method of the first high wear-resistant nylon composite
material. The method includes the following steps:
weighing up the following ingredients according to the following weight percentages,
60-80 wt% of the nylon 6, 5-13 wt% of the glass beads, 6-14 wt% of the glass fiber
powder, 5-7 wt% of the lubricating anti-wear agent, 3-5 wt% of the graft type toughening
modifying agent, 0.3-1 wt% of the antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 wt% of the lubricating dispersant
and 0.2-0.5 wt% of the nucleating agent; and
placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the ingredients
and form a uniform mixture, transferring the mixture to an extruder to extrude and
granulate the mixture at a processing temperature of 210-290°C.
[0028] Described herein is a preparation method of the second high wear-resistant nylon
composite material. The method includes the following steps:
weighing up the following ingredients according to the following weight percentages,
60-80 wt% of the nylon 66, 5-13 wt% of the glass beads, 6-14 wt% of the glass fiber
powder, 5-7 wt% of the lubricating anti-wear agent, 3-5 wt% of the graft type toughening
modifying agent, 0.3-1 wt% of the antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 wt% of the lubricating dispersant
and 0.2-0.5 wt% of the nucleating agent; and
placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the ingredients
and form a uniform mixture, transferring the mixture to an extruder to extrude and
granulate the mixture at a processing temperature of 210-290°C.
[0029] The present patent application provides a preparation method of the high wear-resistant
nylon composite material. The method includes the following steps:
weighing up the following ingredients according to the following weight percentages,
18-41 wt% of the nylon 6, 28-42 wt% of the nylon 66, 5-13 wt% of the glass beads whose
surface has been treated by a silane coupling agent, 6-14 wt% of the glass fiber powder
whose surface has been treated by a silane coupling agent, 5-7 wt% of the lubricating
anti-wear agent, 3-5 wt% of the graft type toughening modifying agent, 0.3-1 wt% of
the antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 wt% of the lubricating dispersant and 0.2-0.5 wt% of the
nucleating agent; and
placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the ingredients
and form a uniform mixture, transferring the mixture to an extruder to extrude and
granulate the mixture at a processing temperature of 210-290°C.
[0030] Described herein is a preparation method of the fourth high wear-resistant nylon
composite material. The method includes the following steps:
weighing up the following ingredients according to the following weight percentages,
60-80 wt% of the nylon 6 or the nylon 66 or the mixture of the nylon 6 and the nylon
66, 5-16 wt% of the glass beads, 6-18 wt% of the glass fiber powder, 5-7 wt% of the
lubricating anti-wear agent; and
placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the ingredients
and form a uniform mixture, transferring the mixture to an extruder to extrude and
granulate the mixture at a processing temperature of 210-290°C.
[0031] Described herein is another preparation method of a high wear-resistant nylon composite
material is provided, and the method includes the following steps: weighing up the
following ingredients according to the following weight percentages, 60-80 wt% of
the nylon 6 or the nylon 66 or the mixture of the nylon 6 and the nylon 66, 5-13 wt%
of the glass beads, 6-14 wt% of the glass fiber powder, 5-7 wt% of the lubricating
anti-wear agent, 3-5 wt% of the graft type toughening modifying agent, 0.3-1 wt% of
the antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 wt% of the lubricating dispersant and 0.2-0.5 wt% of the
nucleating agent; and placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine
to mix the ingredients and form a uniform mixture, transferring the mixture to an
extruder to extrude and granulate the mixture at a processing temperature of 210-290°C.
[0032] Compared with the existing technology, the high wear-resistant nylon 6, nylon 66
and nylon 6/nylon 66 composite material in accordance with the present patent application
have advantages such as high coefficients of friction, being not easy to wear, high
toughness, exceptionally high stiffness, and being capable of withstanding relatively
large impact, and are very suitable for the manufacturing of the rollers on freight
vehicles. The rollers made by the high wear-resistant composite materials have high
toughness, exceptionally high stiffness, and are capable of withstanding relatively
large impact. In addition, besides that the composite materials have skid resistance,
the frosted texture of the outer surface of the rollers can provide additional skid
resistance.
Brief Descriptions of the Drawings
[0033] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a roller on a lifting platform device of an airport
freight vehicle made by a high wear-resistant nylon composite material in accordance
with an embodiment of the present patent application.
Detailed Description
[0034] Reference will now be made in detail to a preferred embodiment of the high wear-resistant
nylon composite material for rollers on an airport freight vehicle and the preparation
method thereof disclosed in the present patent application, examples of which are
also provided in the following description. Exemplary embodiments of the high wear-resistant
nylon composite material for rollers on an airport freight vehicle and the preparation
method thereof disclosed in the present patent application are described in detail,
although it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that some features
that are not particularly important to an understanding of the high wear-resistant
nylon composite material for rollers on an airport freight vehicle and the preparation
method thereof may not be shown for the sake of clarity.
[0035] Furthermore, it should be understood that the high wear-resistant nylon composite
material for rollers on an airport freight vehicle and the preparation method thereof
disclosed in the present patent application is not limited to the precise embodiments
described below and that various changes and modifications thereof may be effected
by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the protection.
For example, elements and/or features of different illustrative embodiments may be
combined with each other and/or substituted for each other within the scope of this
disclosure.
[0036] The present patent application relates to a high wear-resistant nylon 6 composite
material and a preparation method thereof.
Embodiments 1-6 (Comparative)
[0037] The high wear-resistant nylon 6 (PA6) composite material includes a main material
and a secondary material. The main material includes nylon 6 (PA6), glass beads (GB),
glass fiber powder (GF) and lubricating anti-wear agent. The high wear-resistant nylon
6 composite material consists of the following components and their weight percentages
are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Formulas 1-6
Ingredient Name |
Formula 1 (wt%) |
Formula 2 (wt%) |
Formula 3 (wt%) |
Formula 4 (wt%) |
Formula 5 (wt%) |
Formula 6 (wt%) |
Nylon 6 (PA6) |
60 |
80 |
69 |
69 |
69 |
73 |
Glass beads (GB) |
13 |
5 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
Glass fiber powder (GF) |
14 |
6 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) |
7 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
Polytetrafluoro ethylene (PTFE) |
0 |
5 |
0 |
6 |
3 |
3 |
Graft type toughening modifying agent (POE-g-MAH) |
5 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
Antioxidant 1098/168(1: 1) |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Lubricating dispersant (Calcium stearate) |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
Nucleating agent (P-20) |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
-0.2 |
{HKPC-1186-EPPT/00048468v1} |
[0038] In the above embodiments, the viscosity of the nylon 6 is 2.4; the glass beads and
the glass fiber powder are respectively non alkali glass beads and non alkali glass
fiber powder whose surfaces are both treated by the silane coupling agent; the ultra-high
molecular weight polyethylene is referred as a first lubricating anti-wear agent,
and the PTFE is referred as a second lubricating anti-wear agent; the graft type toughening
modifying agent is graft polymerization oligomer with polyolefin elastomer (POE) grafted
unsaturated acid or acid anhydride with a melt index of 1.0-5.0g/10min and a graft
rate of 0.5-1%. Further, the graft type toughening modifying agent is maleic anhydride
grafted polyolefin elastomer (POE) with a melt index of 2g/10min and a graft rate
of 0.8%. The antioxidant is a mixed system with hindered phenolic antioxidant and
phosphite ester antioxidant. For example, the antioxidant is 1098/168 (weight ratio
being 1:1): 1098 is N,N'-1,6-sub-hexyl-II-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionamide],
and 168 is tri (2,4-ditertrabutyl phenyl) phosphite ester. The lubricating dispersant
may be a stearate which is selected from the group consisting of calcium stearate,
zinc stearate, aluminum stearate and any combination thereof. In the embodiments,
the lubricating dispersant is calcium stearate. The nucleating agent is calcium carboxylates
with a long carbon chain as a main component, such as a commercially available nucleating
agent P-20, and the P-20 may be produced by Clariant International Ltd. in Germany.
[0039] The above components are proportionately placed in a high speed mixing machine to
be mixed for 5-10 minutes and thereby to form a mixture, and then the mixture is sent
out to a screw extruder to extrude and granulate the mixture at a processing temperature
210-255 °C. The screw rotational speed of the screw extruder is in the range of 400-600
rpm.
Table 2: The heating temperature in various sections
sections |
a first section |
a second section |
a third section |
a fourth section |
a fifth section |
a sixth section |
a seventh section |
an eighth section |
a ninth section |
the heating temperature(°C) |
210 |
215 |
225 |
235 |
235 |
235 |
235 |
235 |
225 |
[0040] According to the samples 1-6 prepared in the embodiments 1-6, the mechanical performances
of the samples 1-6 are tested and compared using ASTM standards.
Table 3: Test performance comparison
Items |
Sample 1 |
Sample 2 |
Sample 3 |
Sample 4 |
Sample 5 |
Sample 6 |
Tensile strength (Mpa) |
115 |
113 |
115 |
112 |
123 |
135 |
Flexural strength (Mpa) |
135 |
139 |
135 |
131 |
145 |
158 |
Impact strength at room temperature (J/M) |
100 |
82 |
94 |
98 |
105 |
58 |
Wear coefficient |
0.14 |
0.22 |
0.2 |
0.21 |
0.13 |
0.11 |
Heat deformation temperature (°C) |
228 |
213 |
226 |
222 |
230 |
235 |
Embodiment 7 (Comparative)
[0041] The present patent application further provides a preparation method of the high
wear-resistant nylon 6 composite material. The preparation method includes the following
steps: Step one: weighing up the following ingredients according to the following
weight percentages, 69 wt% of the nylon 6, 10 wt% of the glass beads treated by the
silane coupling agent, 10 wt% of the glass fiber powder treated by the silane coupling
agent, 3 wt% of the first lubricating anti-wear agent (ultra-high molecular weight
polyethylene), 3 wt% of the second lubricating anti-wear agent (PTFE); 4 wt% of the
graft type toughening modifying agent, 0.5 wt% of the mixed antioxidant 1098/168 (weight
ratio 1:1), 0.2 wt% of the lubricating dispersant and 0.3 wt% of the nucleating agent;
Step two: placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the
ingredients for 5 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then transferring the mixture
to a twin-screw extruder to extrude and granulate the mixture at a processing temperature
of 215-245 °C, the screw rotational speed of the twin-screw extruder being 600 rpm.
[0042] The graft type toughening modifying agent is graft polymerization oligomer with polyolefin
elastomer (POE) grafted unsaturated acid or acid anhydride. Further, the graft type
toughening modifying agent is polyolefin elastomer (POE) grafted maleic acid anhydride
with a melt index of 2g/10min and a graft rate of 0.5-1%.
Embodiment 8 (Comparative)
[0043] The present patent application further provides another preparation method of the
high wear-resistant nylon 6 composite material.
[0044] The preparation method includes the following steps:
Step one: weighing up the following ingredients according to the following weight
percentages, 70 wt% of the nylon 6, 10 wt% of the glass beads treated by the silane
coupling agent, 10 wt% of the glass fiber powder treated by the silane coupling agent,
3 wt% of the graft type toughening modifying agent, 3 wt% of the first lubricating
anti-wear agent (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene), 3 wt% of the second lubricating
anti-wear agent (PTFE), 0.3 wt% of the mixed antioxidant 1098/168 (weight ratio 1:1),
0.2 wt% of the lubricating dispersant (calcium stearate) and 0.5 wt% of the nucleating
agent;
Step two: placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the
ingredients for 3 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then transferring the mixture
to a twin-screw extruder to extrude and granulate the mixture at a processing temperature
of 210-235°C, the screw rotational speed of the twin-screw extruder being 550 rpm.
Embodiment 9 (Comparative)
[0045] The present patent application further provides another preparation method of the
high wear-resistant nylon 6 composite material.
[0046] The preparation method includes the following steps:
Step one: weighing up the following ingredients according to the following weight
percentages, 67.2 wt% of the nylon 6, 10 wt% of the glass beads treated by s the ilane
coupling agent, 10 wt% of the glass fiber powder treated by the silane coupling agent,
3 wt% of the first lubricating anti-wear agent (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene),
3 wt% of the second lubricating anti-wear agent (PTFE), 5 wt% of the graft type toughening
modifying agent, 1 wt% of the mixed antioxidant 1098/168 (weight ratio 1:1), 0.3 wt%
of the lubricating dispersant (calcium stearate) and 0.5 wt% of the nucleating agent;
Step two: placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the
ingredients for 3 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then transferring the mixture
to a twin-screw extruder to extrude and granulate the mixture at a processing temperature
of 210-235 °C, the screw rotational speed of the twin-screw extruder being 550 rpm.
[0047] The present patent application further provides a high wear-resistant nylon 66 composite
material and the preparation method thereof.
Embodiments 10-15 (Comparative)
[0048] The high wear-resistant nylon 66 (PA66) composite material includes a main material
and a secondary material. The main material includes nylon 66 (PA66), glass beads
(GB), glass fiber powder (GF) and lubricating anti-wear agent. The high wear-resistant
nylon 66 composite material consists of the following components and their weight
percentages are shown in Table 4.
Table 4: Formulas 10-15
Ingredient Name |
Formula 10 (wt%) |
Formula 11 (wt%) |
Formula 12 (wt%) |
Formula 13 (wt%) |
Formula 14 (wt%) |
Formula 15 (wt%) |
Nylon 66 (PA66) |
60 |
80 |
69 |
69 |
69 |
73 |
Glass beads (GB) |
13 |
5 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
Glass fiber powder (GF) |
14 |
6 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) |
7 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
PTFE |
0 |
5 |
0 |
6 |
3 |
3 |
Graft type toughening modifying agent (POE-g-MAH) |
5 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
Antioxidant 1098/168(1:1) |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Lubricating dispersant (Calcium stearate) |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
Nucleating agent (P-20) |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
[0049] In the above embodiments, the viscosity of the nylon 66 is 2.4; the glass beads and
glass fiber powder are respectively non alkali glass beads and non alkali glass fiber
powder whose surfaces are both treated by the silane coupling agent; the ultra-high
molecular weight polyethylene is referred as a first lubricating anti-wear agent,
and the PTFE is referred as a second lubricating anti-wear agent; the graft type toughening
modifying agent is graft polymerization oligomer with polyolefin elastomer (POE) grafted
unsaturated acid or acid anhydride with a melt index of 1.0-5.0g/10min and a graft
rate of 0.5-1%. The antioxidant is a mixed system with hindered phenolic antioxidant
and phosphite ester antioxidant. For example, the antioxidant is 1098/168 (weight
ratio 1:1), wherein 1098 is N,N'-1,6-sub-hexyl-II-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl
propionamide], and 168 is tri (2,4-ditertrabutyl phenyl) phosphite ester. The lubricating
dispersant is a stearate which is selected from the group consisting of calcium stearate,
zinc stearate, aluminum stearate any combination thereof. In the above embodiments,
the lubricating dispersant is calcium stearate. The nucleating agent is calcium carboxylates
with a long carbon chain as a main component, such as a commercially available nucleating
agent P-20, and the P-20 may be produced by Clariant International Ltd. in Germany.
[0050] The above components are proportionately placed in a high speed mixing machine to
be mixed for 5-10 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then the mixture is sent
out to a screw extruder to extrude and granulate the mixture at a processing temperature
of 245-290 °C. The screw rotational speed of the screw extruder is 400-600 rpm.
Table 5: The heating temperature in various sections
sections |
a first section |
a second section |
a third section |
a fourth section |
a fifth section |
a sixth section |
a seventh section |
an eighth section |
a ninth section |
the heating temperature(°C) |
260 |
265 |
270 |
270 |
270 |
265 |
265 |
265 |
265 |
[0051] According to samples 10-15 prepared in embodiments 10-15, the mechanical performances
of the samples 10-15 are tested and compared using ASTM standards.
Table 6: Test performance comparison
Items |
Sample 10 |
Sample 11 |
Sample 12 |
Sample 13 |
Sample 15 |
Sample 15 |
Tensile strength (Mpa) |
119 |
113 |
115 |
112 |
123 |
135 |
Flexural strength (Mpa) |
160 |
149 |
155 |
151 |
165 |
178 |
Impact strength at room temperature (J/M) |
105 |
83 |
92 |
99 |
119 |
65 |
Wear coefficient |
0.14 |
0.22 |
0.2 |
0.21 |
0.13 |
0.11 |
Heat deformation temperature (°C) |
248 |
233 |
236 |
232 |
242 |
255 |
Embodiment 16 (Comparative)
[0052] The present patent application further provides a preparation method of the high
wear-resistant nylon 66 composite material. The preparation method includes the following
steps:
Step one: weighing up the following ingredients according to the following weight
percentages, 69 wt% of the nylon 66, 10 wt% of the glass beads treated by the silane
coupling agent, 10 wt% of the glass fiber powder treated by the silane coupling agent,
3 wt% of the first lubricating anti-wear agent (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene),
3 wt% of the second lubricating anti-wear agent (PTFE); 4 wt% of the graft type toughening
modifying agent, 0.5 wt% of the mixed antioxidant 1098/168 (weight ratio 1:1), 0.2
wt% of the lubricating dispersant such as calcium stearate and 0.3 wt% of the nucleating
agent;
Step two: placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the
ingredients for 5 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then transferring the mixture
to a twin-screw extruder to extrude and granulate the mixture at a processing temperature
of 250-265°C, the screw rotational speed of the twin-screw extruder being 600 rpm.
[0053] The graft type toughening modifying agent is graft polymerization oligomer with polyolefin
elastomer (POE) grafted unsaturated acid or acid anhydride. Further, the graft type
toughening modifying agent is polyolefin elastomer (POE) grafted maleic acid anhydride
with a melt index of 2g/10min and a graft rate of 0.5-1%.
Embodiment 17 (Comparative)
[0054] The present patent application further provides another preparation method of the
high wear-resistant nylon 66 composite material. The preparation method includes the
following steps:
Step one: weighing up the following ingredients according to the following weight
percentages, 73 wt% of the nylon 66, 10 wt% of the glass beads treated by the silane
coupling agent, 10 wt% of the glass fiber powder treated by the silane coupling agent,
3 wt% of the graft type toughening modifying agent, 3 wt% of the first lubricating
anti-wear agent (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene), 3 wt% of the second lubricating
anti-wear agent (PTFE), 0.3 wt% of the mixed antioxidant 1098/168 (weight ratio 1:1),
0.2 wt% of the lubricating dispersant (calcium stearate) and 0.5 wt% of the nucleating
agent;
Step two: placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the
ingredients for 3 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then transferring the mixture
to a twin-screw extruder to extrude and granulate the mixture at a processing temperature
of 245-270°C, the screw rotational speed of the twin-screw extruder being 550 rpm.
Embodiment 18 (Comparative)
[0055] The present patent application further provides another preparation method of the
high wear-resistant nylon 66 composite material. The preparation method includes the
following steps:
Step one: weighing up the following ingredients according to the following weight
percentages, 68.5 wt% of the nylon 66, 10 wt% of the glass beads treated by the silane
coupling agent, 10 wt% of the glass fiber powder treated by the silane coupling agent,
3 wt% of the first lubricating anti-wear agent (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene),
3 wt% of the second lubricating anti-wear agent (PTFE), 4 wt% of the graft type toughening
modifying agent, 1 wt% of the mixed antioxidant 1098/168 (weight ratio 1:1), 0.2 wt%
of the lubricating dispersant (calcium stearate) and 0.3 wt% of the nucleating agent;
Step two: placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the
ingredients for 5 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then transferring the mixture
to a twin-screw extruder to extrude and granulate the mixture at a processing temperature
of 250-265 °C, the screw rotational speed of the twin-screw extruder being 600 rpm.
[0056] The present patent application further provides a high wear-resistant nylon 6/nylon
66 composite material and the preparation method thereof.
Embodiments 19-24 (Invention)
[0057] The high wear-resistant nylon 6/nylon 66 composite material includes a main material
and a secondary material. The main material includes nylon 6, nylon 66 (PA66), glass
beads (GB), glass fiber powder (GF) and lubricating anti-wear agent. The high wear-resistant
nylon 6/nylon 66 composite material consists of the following components and their
weight percentages are shown in Table 7.
Table 7: Formulas 19-24
Ingredient Name |
Formula 19 (wt%) |
Formula 20 (wt%) |
Formula 21 (wt%) |
Formula 22 (wt%) |
Formula 23 (wt%) |
Formula 24 (wt%) |
Nylon 6 (PA6) |
18 |
40 |
28 |
41 |
39 |
33 |
Nylon 66 (PA66) |
42 |
40 |
41 |
28 |
30 |
40 |
Glass beads (GB) |
13 |
5 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
Glass fiber powder (GF) |
14 |
6 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) |
7 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
PTFE |
0 |
5 |
0 |
6 |
3 |
3 |
Graft type toughening modifying agent (POE-g-MAH) |
5 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
Antioxidant 1098/168 (1:1) |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Lubricating dispersant (Calcium stearate) |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
Nucleating agent (P-20) |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
[0058] In the above embodiments, the viscosity of the nylon 6 is 2.4, and the viscosity
of the nylon 66 is 2.8; the glass beads and glass fiber powder are respectively non
alkali glass beads and non alkali glass fiber powder whose surfaces are both treated
by the silane coupling agent; the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is referred
as a first lubricating anti-wear agent, and the PTFE is referred as a second lubricating
anti-wear agent; the graft type toughening modifying agent is graft polymerization
oligomer with polyolefin elastomer (POE) grafted unsaturated acid or acid anhydride
with a melt index of 1.0-5.0g/10min and a graft rate of 0.5-1%. The antioxidant is
a mixed system with hindered phenolic antioxidant and phosphite ester antioxidant.
For example, the antioxidant is 1098/168 (weight ratio 1:1), wherein 1098 is N,N'-1,6-sub-hexyl-II-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl
propionamide], and 168 is tri (2,4-ditertrabutyl phenyl) phosphite ester. The lubricating
dispersant is a stearate which is selected from the group consisting of calcium stearate,
zinc stearate, aluminum stearate and any combination thereof. In the above embodiments,
the lubricating dispersant is calcium stearate. The nucleating agent is calcium carboxylates
with a long carbon chain as a main component, such as a commercially available nucleating
agent P-20, and the P-20 may be produced by Clariant International Ltd. in Germany.
[0059] The above components are proportionately placed in a high speed mixing machine to
be mixed for 5-10 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then the mixture is sent
out to a screw extruder to be extruded and granulated at a processing temperature
of 235-280°C, and the screw rotational speed of the screw extruder is 400-600 rpm.
The combination of the screws may be a specific combination that has a good dispersive
characteristic.
Table 8: The heating temperature of various sections
sections |
a first section |
a second section |
a third section |
a fourth section |
a fifth section |
a sixth section |
a seventh section |
an eighth section |
a ninth section |
the heating temperature (°C) |
245 |
255 |
260 |
265 |
270 |
270 |
270 |
265 |
260 |
[0060] According to samples 19-24 prepared in embodiments 19-24, the mechanical performances
of the samples 19-24 are tested and compared using ASTM standards.
Table 9: Test performance comparison
Items |
Sample 19 |
Sample 20 |
Sample 21 |
Sample 22 |
Sample 23 |
Sample 24 |
Tensile strength (Mpa) |
119 |
113 |
115 |
112 |
123 |
135 |
Flexural strength (Mpa) |
160 |
149 |
155 |
151 |
165 |
178 |
Impact strength at room temperature (J/M) |
105 |
83 |
92 |
99 |
119 |
65 |
Wear coefficient |
0.14 |
0.22 |
0.2 |
0.21 |
0.13 |
0.11 |
Heat deformation temperature (°C) |
248 |
233 |
236 |
232 |
242 |
255 |
Embodiment 25 (Invention)
[0061] The present patent application further provides a preparation method of the high
wear-resistant nylon 6/nylon 66 composite material. The preparation method includes
the following steps:
Step one: weighing up the following ingredients according to the following weight
percentages, 39 wt% of the nylon 6, 30 wt% of the nylon 66, 10 wt% of the glass beads
treated by the silane coupling agent, 10 wt% of the glass fiber powder treated by
the silane coupling agent, 3 wt% of the first lubricating anti-wear agent (ultra-high
molecular weight polyethylene), 3 wt% of the second lubricating anti-wear agent (PTFE),
4 wt% of the graft type toughening modifying agent, 0.5 wt% of the mixed antioxidant
1098/168 (weight ratio 1:1), 0.2 wt% of the lubricating dispersant such as calcium
stearate and 0.3 wt% of the nucleating agent;
Step two: placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the
ingredients for 5 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then transferring the mixture
to a twin-screw extruder to extrude and granulate the mixture at a processing temperature
of 245-265 °C, the screw rotational speed of the twin-screw extruder being 600 rpm.
[0062] The graft type toughening modifying agent is graft polymerization oligomer with polyolefin
elastomer (POE) grafted unsaturated acid or acid anhydride. Further, the graft type
toughening modifying agent is polyolefin elastomer (POE) grafted maleic acid anhydride
with a melt index of 2g/10min and a graft rate of 0.5-1%.
Embodiment 26 (Invention)
[0063] The present patent application further provides another preparation method of the
high wear-resistant nylon 6/nylon 66 composite material. The preparation method includes
the following steps:
Step one: weighing up the following ingredients according to the following weight
percentages, 33 wt% of the nylon 6, 40 wt% of the nylon 66, 10 wt% of the glass beads
treated by the silane coupling agent, 10 wt% of the glass fiber powder treated by
the silane coupling agent, 3 wt% of the graft type toughening modifying agent, 3 wt%
of the first lubricating anti-wear agent (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene),
3 wt% of the second lubricating anti-wear agent (PTFE), 0.3 wt% of the mixed antioxidant
1098/168 (weight ratio 1:1), 0.2 wt% of the lubricating dispersant (calcium stearate)
and 0.5 wt% of the nucleating agent;
Step two: placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the
ingredients for 3 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then transferring the mixture
to a twin-screw extruder to extrude and granulate the mixture at a processing temperature
of 245-275°C, the screw rotational speed of the twin-screw extruder being 550 rpm.
Embodiment 27 (Invention)
[0064] The present patent application further provides another preparation method of the
high wear-resistant nylon 6/nylon 66 composite material. The preparation method includes
the following steps:
Step one: weighing up the following ingredients according to the following weight
percentages, 38.3 wt% of the nylon 6, 30 wt% of the nylon 66, 10 wt% of the glass
beads treated by the silane coupling agent, 10 wt% of the glass fiber powder treated
by the silane coupling agent, 3 wt% of the first lubricating anti-wear agent (ultra-high
molecular weight polyethylene), 3 wt% of the second lubricating anti-wear agent (PTFE),
4 wt% of the graft type toughening modifying agent, 1 wt% of the mixed antioxidant
1098/168 (weight ratio 1:1), 0.2 wt% of the lubricating dispersant (calcium stearate)
and 0.5 wt% of the nucleating agent;
Step two: placing the above ingredients in a high speed mixing machine to mix the
ingredients for 5 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then transferring the mixture
to a twin-screw extruder to extrude and granulate the mixture at a processing temperature
of 245-265°C, the screw rotational speed of the twin-screw extruder being 600 rpm.
Embodiments 28-33 (Comparative)
[0065] A high wear-resistant nylon 6/nylon 66 composite material consists of the following
components and their weight percentages are shown in Table 10.
Table 10: Formulas 28-33
Ingredient Name |
Formula 28 (wt%) |
Formula 29 (wt%) |
Formula 30 (wt%) |
Formula 31 (wt%) |
Formula 32 (wt%) |
Formula 33 (wt%) |
Nylon 6 (PA6) |
60 |
48 |
0 |
0 |
33 |
72 |
Nylon 66 (PA66) |
0 |
32 |
78 |
69 |
40 |
0 |
Glass beads (GB) |
16 |
5 |
9 |
12 |
12 |
5 |
Glass fiber powder (GF) |
18 |
8 |
6 |
14 |
10 |
17 |
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) |
4 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
PTFE |
2 |
5 |
7 |
5 |
0 |
1 |
[0066] The above components are proportionately placed in a high speed mixing machine to
be mixed for 5-10 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then the mixture is sent
out to a screw extruder to be extruded and granulated at a processing temperature
of 235-280°C, and the screw rotational speed of the screw extruder is 400-600 rpm.
The combination of the screws may be a specific combination that has a good dispersive
characteristic.
Embodiments 34-41 (Comparative)
[0067] A high wear-resistant nylon 6/nylon 66 composite material consists of the following
components and their weight percentages are shown in Table 11.
Table 11: Formulas 34-41
Ingredient Name |
Formula 34 |
Formula 35 |
Formula 36 |
Formula 37 |
Formula 38 |
Formula 39 |
Formula 40 |
Formula 41 |
Nylon 6 (PA6) |
21 |
39 |
35 |
42 |
32 |
61 |
37.5 |
22 |
Nylon 66 (PA66) |
42 |
40 |
37 |
28 |
39 |
10 |
32 |
41.5 |
Glass beads (GB) |
13 |
5 |
6.7 |
10 |
10.8 |
9 |
9 |
12 |
Glass fiber powder (GF) |
14 |
6 |
10 |
9 |
10 |
11.7 |
11.8 |
14 |
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) |
7 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
PTFE |
0 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
4 |
3.5 |
Graft type toughening modifying agent (POE-g-MAH) |
3 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
Antioxidant 1098/168(1:1) |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Lubricating dispersant (Calcium stearate) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
Nucleating agent (P-20) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
[0068] The above components are proportionately placed in a high speed mixing machine to
be mixed for 5-10 minutes and thereby form a mixture, and then the mixture is sent
out to a screw extruder to be extruded and granulated at a processing temperature
of 23 5-280°C, and the screw rotational speed of the screw extruder is 400-600 rpm.
The combination of the screws may be a specific combination that has a good dispersive
characteristic.
[0069] The present patent application also provides a roller made from the high wear-resistant
nylon 6 (PA6), nylon 66 (PA66), or nylon 6 (PA6)/nylon 66 (PA66) composite materials,
and the roller is used for lifting platform devices in airport freight vehicles. As
shown in FIG. 1, a through shaft hole 110 is defined in a center of the roller 110,
and a rotation axis of the roller can be installed in the shaft hole 111. The roller
110 is fixed to an axis rack of the roller for transportation through the rotation
axis of the roller. Front and rear ends 112 of the roller 110 are configured to have
flat structures to match the other tracks. An outer surface 113 of the roller 110
has a frosted texture so as to increase the friction force between a bottom board
of a container (and a container board) and the roller during the transportation of
freights. The roller 110 made of nylon material is durable, and is not prone to be
worn or to skid. The selection of the nylon materials in accordance with the present
patent application is very reasonable. Especially, in any environment and weather,
the roller can be used to transport freights under easy control. The friction force
between the bottom board of the container (and the container board) and the roller
during the transportation of freights is increased, so that the roller is not prone
to skid, to produce noise during transportation, or to be worn. The roller is also
environmentally friendly. The durability of the roller is good, the toughness and
the stiffness of the roller are exceptionally strong, and the roller can withstand
relatively large impact. In addition, besides that the composite material has skid
resistance, the frosted texture of the outer surface of the roller can provide additional
skid resistance. The roller is configured to avoid metal powder flaking off during
the rotation between one metal member and another metal member thereby polluting the
environment, and to avoid the metal powder entering human eyes and respiratory tracts
thereby making damages to the human body. Further, the roller is configured to reduce
the harsh sound and vibrational noise caused by the friction between one metal member
and another metal member during transportation, and thereby to reduce the damage to
human ears. Furthermore, the roller is of good quality and inexpensive.
[0070] It is to be understood that the high wear-resistant nylon 6 (PA6), nylon 66 (PA66),
and nylon 6 (PA6)/nylon 66 (PA66) composite materials can also be used to make other
products, which may be widely applied in automobiles, machinery equipment connectors,
gears, oil field equipment, instruments and meters, textile equipment, electrical
and electronic equipment, household appliances.
[0071] While the present patent application has been shown and described with particular
references to a number of embodiments thereof, it should be noted that various other
changes or modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present
patent application.
1. Ein hoch-verschleißfestes Nylon-Verbundmaterial für Rollen eines Flughafen-Frachtfahrzeugs,
umfassend:
18-41 Gew- % Nylon 6;
28-42 Gew- % Nylon 66;
5-13 Gew- % Glasperlen, deren Oberfläche mit einem Silan-Haftvermittler behandelt
wurde;
6-14 Gew- % Glasfaserpulver, dessen Oberfläche mit einem Silan-Haftvermittler behandelt
wurde;
5-7 Gew- % eines schmierenden Verschleißschutzmittels;
3-5 Gew- % eines Härtungs-Modifizierungsmittels des Pfropf-Typs;
0.3-1 Gew- % eines Antioxidans;
0,2-0,3 Gew- % eines schmierenden Dispersionsmittels; und
0,2-0.5 Gew- % eines Keimbildners.
2. Hoch-verschleißfestes Nylon-Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das schmierende Verschleißschutzmittel ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus
Polyethylen mit ultra-hohem Molekulargewicht, PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylen), und irgendeiner
Kombination davon.
3. Hoch-verschleißfestes Nylon-Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Härtungs-Modifizierungsmittel des Pfropf-Typs ein Pfrop-Polimerisations-Oligomer
ist, das durch Polyolefin-Elastomer (POE) gebildet wurde, das mit ungesättigter Säure
oder Säureanhydrid gepfropft wurde, und
wobei der Schmelzindex des Härtungs-Modifizierungsmittels des Pfropf-Typs 1,0-5,0
g/10min beträgt und die Pfropf-Rate des Härtungs-Modifizierungsmittel des Pfropf-Typs
0,5-1 % beträgt.
4. Hoch-verschleißfestes Nylon-Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Pfrop-Polymerisations-Oligomer ein mit Maleinsäureanhydrid gepfropftes Polyolefin-Elastomer
(POE) mit einem Schmelzindex von 2g/10min und einer Pfroprate von 0,8% ist.
5. Hoch-verschleißfestes Nylon-Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Antioxidans ein gemischtes System mit gehinderten phenolischen Antioxidans und
einem Phosphitester-Antioxidans ist.
6. Hoch-verschleißfestes Nylon-Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das schmierende Dispersionsmittel Stearat ist.
7. Hoch-verschleißfestes Nylon-Verbundmaterial nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stearat ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Calziumstearat, Zinkstearat,
Aluminiumstearat, und irgendeiner Kombination davon.
8. Herstellungsverfahren des hoch-verschleißfesten Nylon-Verbundmaterials nach Anspruch
1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
Abwiegen der folgenden Inhaltsstoffe gemäß den folgenden Gewichtsprozenten;
18-41 Gew- % des Nylon 6;
28-42 Gew- % des Nylon 66;
5-13 Gew- % der Glasperlen, deren Oberfläche mit einem Silan-Hanvermittler behandelt
wurde;
6-14 Gew- % des Glasfaserpulvers, dessen Oberfläche mit einem Silan-Haftvermittler
behandelt wurde;
5-7 Gew- % des schmierenden Verschleißschutzmittels;
3-5 Gew- % des Härtungs-Modifizierungsmittels des Pfropf-Typs;
0,3-1 Gew- % des Antioxidans;
0,2-0,3 Gew- % des schmierenden Dispersionsmittels; und
0,2-0,5 Gew- % des Keimbildners; und
Platzieren der vorstehenden Zutaten in einer Hochgeschwindigkeits-Mischmaschine, um
die Zutaten zu mischen und um eine gleichförmige Mischung zu erhalten,
Übertragen der Mischung an einen Extruder, um die Mischung bei einer Verarbeitungstemperatur
von 210-290°C zu extrudieren und zu granulieren.