Method for making a floor with flat intrados prefabricated elements and the floor obtained thereby

Description

[0001] The object of the present invention is a method for making a floor with flat intrados precast elements and the floor thus obtained. This floor with flat intrados precast elements can be used, for example, for making floors, for example, for residential buildings, office buildings, or commercial buildings, (such as supermarkets, etc.), or for sports use (such as gyms, etc.), etc. Various typologies of floors are known in the art, which involve the use of precast elements that will be then completed on site by casting additional concrete. Among these typologies, floor plates with lattice girders are known, each of which comprises electro-welded steel lattice girders and a lower slab made of reinforced concrete in which the lower bars of said lattice girders are also embedded. Floor plates with lattice girders are made in a factory for the production of precast elements and then carried to the construction site after suitable foamed polystyrene elements have been fitted among the various lattice girders, which elements mainly act as lightweight elements. These floor plates with lattice girders are arranged on site using temporary steel struts which allow the floor plates with lattice girders to bear their own weight as well as the subsequent final casting of concrete as will be described below. After the operations of strutting on site have been completed, the additional reinforcing bars (adding reinforcements) are placed. The concrete cast by which the floor is completed is then carried out. The floor plates with lattice girders are very frequently used mainly for spans that are not particularly large. The floor plates with lattice girders suffer from the drawback that they require provisional strutting which is expensive and cause a slowing down in the operations at the building site. Furthermore, the floor plates with lattice girders often suffer from more or less extended cracking phenomena at the intrados of the reinforced concrete (lower) slab.

[0002] Another typology of precast elements which is very used in the construction practice for making floors consists of the hollowcore slabs obtained by means of extrusion or vibro-compacting. These hollowcore slabs are self-bearing and do not require, contrary to the floor plates with lattice girders, temporary strutting; this is an undisputable advantage of the hollowcore slabs over the floor plates with lattice girders. However, the hollowcore slabs suffer from some drawbacks as will be better detailed below. The hollowcore slabs are precast elements which are heavy, such that the beams which support the floors consisting of said slabs require a greater load-bearing capacity than the load-bearing capacity required, for example, in case of those floors made using floor plates with lattice girders. Furthermore, the hollowcore slabs are not provided with ordinary steel reinforcements, because prestressing reinforcements (mainly strands) are only provided therein. The lack of ordinary steel reinforcements may, in some cases, give rise to several problems both in the connections between hollowcore slabs and beams and in the hollowcore slabs themselves.

[0003] In addition, the hollowcore slabs have a low resistance against transversal-bending stresses which stress the intrados transversal fibers of the slabs; in these cases, in fact, the cast-in-situ concrete upper slab is the only one to counteract said forces, which has a much lower thickness than the total thickness of the floor.

[0004] A prior art example is described in EP 1350898 in which no reinforcements are provided to project from the extrados of the precast element, i.e. no reinforcements are provided in order to connect the precast concrete with the cast-in-situ concrete.

[0005] In EP 1350898 the entire slab is precast except for the upper part thereof, which is cast in place, being thus possible to introduce on site ordinary reinforcements only at the cast-in-situ upper slab (topping); this imposes restraints both in the mutual connection between the precast elements and in the connection between said precast elements and the beams supporting the elements; the slabs described in the above patent are considerably heavy, which increases the costs for assembly and transportation.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a floor having flat intrados precast elements that are self-bearing even during the casting of the adding cast-in-situ concrete and that can be effectively connected to each other by means of said adding cast-in-situ concrete after suitable adding reinforcements have been placed.

[0007] A further object of the present invention is to provide a floor that, on site, results to be lighter than the other floors that are made according to prior art, which comprise self-bearing precast elements (such as the hollowcore slabs).

[0008] A further object of the present invention is to provide a floor that has low values of heat transmission rate.

[0009] These and other objects are achieved by the method for making a floor with flat intrados precast elements according to claim 1 and by the thus obtained according to claim 3, which are both the objects of the present invention.

[0010] The characteristics and the advantages of the present invention will be better detailed in the description below of several embodiments illustrated by way of non-limiting examples in the attached drawings in which:

• Fig. 1 illustrates, according to a top plan view, a portion of a floor with flat intrados precast elements that is obtained according to the present invention, according to a first embodiment; this floor is illustrated during a step of the method for making said floor;
• Fig. 2 shows, in the same scale as Fig. 1, the section according to line A-A in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 shows, in the same scale as in Fig. 1, the section according to line B-B in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 4 is a plan view, in the same scale as in Fig. 1, partially according to a top view and partially according to a cut-away view, of a portion of the floor with flat intrados precast elements as shown in Fig. 1; this floor is shown in a further step of the method for making said floor;
• Fig.5 shows, in the same scale as in Fig. 4, the section according to line C-C in Fig. 4;
• Fig.6 shows, in the same scale as in Fig. 4, the section according to line D-D in Fig. 4;
• Fig.7 illustrates, in greater scale than that in Fig. 6, a detail of Fig.6;
• Fig.8 illustrates, in greater scale than that in Fig. 7, a precast element comprised within the floor with flat intrados precast elements illustrated in Fig. 1 to 7;
• Fig.9 illustrates, in cross-section, a portion of a floor with flat intrados precast elements, obtained according to the present invention, according to a further embodiment;
• Fig.10 illustrates, in greater scale than that in Fig. 9, a precast element comprised within the floor with flat intrados precast elements illustrated in Fig. 9;
• Fig. 11 is a plan view, according to a top view, of a portion of a floor with flat intrados precast elements as obtained according to the present invention, according to a further embodiment; this deck is illustrated during a step of the method for making said floor;
• Fig.12 shows, in the same scale as in Fig. 11, the section according to line E-E in Fig. 11;
• Fig.13 illustrates, in the same scale as in Fig. 11, the section shown in Fig. 12, in another step of the method for making the floor illustrated in Fig. 11 and 12;
• Fig.14 illustrates a detail of Fig.13 in a greater scale than that in Fig. 13;
• Fig.15 illustrates a detail of Fig.14, in a greater scale than that in Fig. 14, ;
• Fig.16 illustrates, in a greater scale than that in Fig. 15, a precast element comprised in the floor with flat

[0011] intrados precast elements illustrated in Fig. 11 to 15. In order to facilitate the understanding of the steps of the method for making a floor with flat intrados precast elements which is obtained according to the present invention, with reference to Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, is first described a floor 1 with flat intrados precast elements, which is obtained according to the present invention, according to a first embodiment. This floor is one of the joists of an office building.

[0012] The floor 1 comprises flat intrados precast elements 2 of prestressed concrete, lightening elements 3a, 3b and parts of cast-in-situ concrete 4. Each of the precast elements 2 comprises a lower slab 2a, two first ribs 2b placed above the lower slab 2a, first connecting reinforcements 2c projecting above the two first ribs 2b and second connecting reinforcements 2d placed at the longitudinal edges of the precast element 2, which reinforcements are partially embedded in the concrete of the lower slab 2a and projecting above the extrados of the lower slab 2a; the first ribs 2b are made simultaneously with the lower slab 2a; each precast element 2 is self-bearing during the steps of casting the cast-in-situ concrete 4; the precast elements 2 are placed next to each other such that longitudinal joints 6 are provided between adjoining precast elements 2; at each of the longitudinal joints 6 between two adjoining precast elements 2 coupling reinforcements 5 are provided which comprise transversal parts that are placed at the extrados of the lower slab 2a of said adjoining precast elements 2. The coupling reinforcements 5 consist of brackets (each of which is made by one or two parts). Said parts of cast-in-situ concrete 4 comprise an upper slab 4a and second ribs 4b placed at the longitudinal joints 6 between the adjoining precast elements 2; at each one of the second ribs 4b the two adjoining precast elements 2 are joined to each other by means of the coupling reinforcements 5 (placed at said second rib 4b) and by means of the second connecting reinforcements 2d; the second connecting reinforcements 2d projecting above the extrados of the lower slab 2a and the coupling reinforcements 5 are embedded in said parts of cast-in-situ concrete 4; the height of the second ribs 4b is more than twice the height of the lower slab 2a of the precast elements 2; the lightweight elements 3a, 3b have the intrados arranged proximate to the extrados of the lower slab 2a of the precast elements 2; the first ribs 2b and the second ribs 4b are connected to the upper slab 4a by means of the first connecting reinforcements 2c, the second connecting reinforcements 2d and the coupling reinforcements 5.

[0013] The floor 1 also comprises adding reinforcements 10 comprising bars 12, meshes 9 and the coupling reinforcements 5. The adding reinforcements 10 are positioned in place and embedded within the cast-in-situ concrete 4.

[0014] The lightweight elements 3a are placed between the first ribs 2b; the lightweight elements 3b are placed between a first rib 2b and a second rib 4b; it should be understood that the lightweight elements 3b also have the function of a disposable formwork for making (by casting the cast-in-situ concrete 4) the second ribs 4b; the lightweight elements 3a, 3b also have the function of disposable formwork for making (by casting the cast-in-situ concrete 4) the upper slab 4a. The precast elements 2 are prestressed by means of pre-tensioned adhering strands 11 made of high-strength steel. In each precast element 2, the first ribs 2b comprise joining elements 7 therebelow, which connect said first ribs 2b to the lower slab 2a; these joining elements 7, which are a part of the first ribs 2b, facilitate the positioning of the reinforcements that are comprised within said precast element 2, and particularly the positioning of the strands 11. In each of the precast elements 2 the first connecting reinforcements 2c consist of brackets, and the second connecting reinforcements 2d consist of the ends of a mesh that, in the middle part thereof, is embedded in the lower slab 2a. The floor 1 is supported by structural elements 8 each of which consists of an inverted T-shaped section beam made of precast prestressed concrete; the structural elements 8 support both the precast elements 2 during the first step of the method for making the floor 1 (see below), and the floor 1 when the making of the latter has been completed.

[0015] It should be noted that in Fig. 7 and 8, for simplicity of illustration, the relevant structural element 8 has not been depicted.

[0016] The method for making the floor 1 with flat intrados precast elements is described below. This method comprises the following steps:

• First step: the precast elements 2 of prestressed concrete, which had been previously made in a factory for the production of precast elements, are placed on site; the precast elements 2 are placed by positioning them with the ends thereof on the structural elements 8 supporting the floor 1; each precast element 2 is self-bearing during the steps of casting the (cast-in-situ) concrete 4 at the end of the first step of the method each precast element 2 is positioned with the ends thereof at the load-bearing structural elements 8; the lightweight elements 3a, 3b are placed at the extrados of the lower slab 2a of the precast elements 2; the precast elements 2 are placed next to each other, such that the longitudinal joints 6 between adjoining precast elements 2 are provided;
• second step: the adding reinforcements 10 are placed; said adding reinforcements 10 comprise, inter alia, the transversal coupling reinforcements 5 that are placed proximate to the longitudinal joints 6 between two adjoining precast elements 2; the coupling reinforcements 5 consist of brackets (each of which is made of one or two parts) and comprise transversal parts that are arranged proximate to the extrados of the lower slab 2a of said adjoining precast elements 2;
• third step: the concrete 4 is cast on site thereby making the upper slab 4a and the second ribs 4b; at the end of the third step of the method, the second ribs 4b are arranged at the longitudinal joints 6 between the two adjoining precast elements 2; at each one of the second ribs 4b the two adjoining precast elements 2 are joined to each other by means of the coupling reinforcements 5 and of the second connecting reinforcements 2d; the second connecting reinforcements 2d projecting above the extrados of the lower slab 2a and the coupling reinforcements 5 are embedded in the cast-in-situ concrete 4; at the end of the third step of the method, after the cast-in-situ concrete 4 has suitably cured, the first ribs 2b and the second ribs 4b-are connected to the upper slab 4a by means of the first connecting reinforcements 2c, the second connecting reinforcements 2d and the coupling reinforcements 5, the second ribs 4b are created through the pouring of concrete on site between lightweight elements 3a,3b positioned on adjacent prefabricated elements 2, so that the second ribs 4b are in direct contact with said lightweight elements 2.

[0017] It should be understood that the shape of the cross-section of each of the precast elements 2 and particularly the presence of the two first ribs 2b provides that the precast element 2, when the concrete 4 is being cast in place, is endowed with sufficient stability against torsional actions; it is understood that, under particular conditions, temporary and/or permanent retainers (not shown in the drawings) should be provided, which are suitable to provide the stability of the precast element 2 at the suitable safety index, even in most severe conditions.

[0018] It should be understood that the precast elements 2 are made in a factory for the production of precast elements, on a prestressing bed at which the above-mentioned pre-tensioned strands 11 are placed (inter alia), by casting the concrete with which the lower slab 2a and the first ribs 2b are simultaneously made. Subsequently, after said concrete has reached a suitable curing level, the prestressing forces are applied to the precast elements 2, by shortening the hydraulic stressing jacks placed at the anchoring heads of said prestressing bed.

[0019] With reference to Fig. 9 and 10, a floor 20 with flat intrados precast elements is described, which is obtained according to the present invention, according to another embodiment. This deck 20 is one of the floors of a commercial building. The deck 20 comprises flat intrados precast elements 21 of prestressed concrete, lightweight elements 22a, 22b and parts of cast-in-situ concrete 23. Each of the precast elements 21 comprises a lower slab 21a, two first ribs 21b arranged above the lower slab 21a, an upper flange 21e, first connecting reinforcements 21c projecting above the two first ribs 21b and second connecting reinforcements 21d arranged at the longitudinal edges of the precast element 21, which are partially embedded in the concrete of the lower slab 21a and projecting above the extrados of the lower slab 21a; in each of the precast elements 21, the upper flange 21e, together with the two first ribs 21b and with that part of lower slab 21a which is comprised between the outer wires of the two first ribs 21b, provides a closed section; the two first ribs 21b and the upper flange 21e are integral with each other; a portion of each of the first ribs 21b is made simultaneously with the lower slab 21a. Each precast element 21 is self-bearing during the steps of casting the cast-in-situ concrete 23; the precast elements 21 are placed next to each other so that longitudinal joints 25 are provided between adjoining precast elements 21; at each of the longitudinal joints 25, between two adjoining precast elements 21, coupling reinforcements 24 are provided which comprise transversal parts arranged proximate to the extrados of the lower slab 21a of said two adjoining precast elements 21.

[0020] Said parts of cast-in-situ concrete 23 comprise an upper slab 23a and second ribs 23b arranged at the longitudinal joints 25 between the adjoining precast elements 21; at each of the second ribs 23b the two adjoining precast elements 21 are joined to each other by means of the coupling reinforcements 24 and of the second connecting reinforcements 21d; the second connecting reinforcements 21d projecting above the extrados of the lower slab 21a and the coupling reinforcements 24 (arranged at said second rib 23b) are embedded in said parts of cast-in-situ concrete 23; the height of the second ribs 23b is more than twice the height of the lower slab 21a of the precast elements 21; the lightweight elements 22a, 22b have the intrados arranged at the extrados of the lower slab 21a of the precast elements 21; the first ribs 21b and second ribs 23b are connected to the upper slab 23a by means of the first connecting reinforcements 21c, second connecting reinforcements 21d and coupling reinforcements 24.

[0021] The floor 20 also comprises adding reinforcements 26 that are placed on site and embedded within the cast-in-situ concrete 23.

[0022] The method for making the floor 20 is technically equivalent to the above-described method for making the floor 1.

[0023] It should be understood that the precast elements 21 are made in a factory for the production of precast elements, on a prestressing bed at which the pre-tensioned prestressing reinforcements (inter alia) are placed. A concrete cast is first carried out, with which the lower slab 21a and said portion of the first ribs 21b are made; this portion of the first ribs 21b has the extrados arranged at the same level as the intrados of the upper flange 21e, not yet made; subsequently, after the positioning of the lightweight elements 22a and of additional reinforcements that then remain embedded in the concrete of the upper flange 21e, the remaining portion of the first ribs 21b and the upper flange 21e are then made, by means of a further concrete cast. After the concrete has reached a suitable curing degree, the prestressing forces are applied to the precast elements 21, by shortening the hydraulic stressing jacks arranged at the anchoring heads of said prestressing bed.

[0024] It should be understood that the upper flange 21e of each precast element 21 is made before casting the cast-in-situ concrete 23.

[0025] The precast elements 21 are provided with a considerable torsional rigidity which is given to them by the closed (cross) section formed by the upper flange 21e, by the two first ribs 21b and by that part of lower slab 21a which is arranged at the first ribs 21b and is comprised within the outer wires of said two first ribs 21b.

[0026] With reference to Fig. 1-1, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 a floor 40 is described with flat intrados precast elements, which is obtained according to the present invention, according to another embodiment. This floor 40 is one of the floors of a commercial building.

[0027] The floor 40 40 comprises flat intrados precast elements 41 of prestressed concrete, flat intrados precast elements 47 of prestressed concrete, lightweight elements 42a, 42b, plates 46 and parts of cast-in-situ concrete 43. Each of the precast elements 41 comprises a lower slab 41a, two first ribs 41b which are arranged above the lower slab 41a, first connecting reinforcements 41c projecting above the two first ribs 41b and second connecting reinforcements 41d arranged at the longitudinal edges of the precast element 41, which reinforcements are partially embedded in the concrete of the lower slab 41a and projecting above the extrados of the lower slab 41a; the first ribs 41b are made simultaneously with the lower slab 41a.

[0028] Each of the precast elements 47 comprises a lower slab 47a, two first ribs 47b arranged above the lower slab 47a, first connecting reinforcements 47c which project above the two first ribs 47b and second connecting reinforcements 47d arranged at the longitudinal edges of the precast element 47, which reinforcements are partially embedded in the concrete of the lower slab 47a and projecting above the extrados of the lower slab 47a; the first ribs 47b are made simultaneously with the lower slab 47a. Each precast element 41 and each precast element 47 is self-bearing during the steps of casting the cast-in-situ concrete 43. Longitudinal joints 45 are provided between adjoining precast elements 41; a longitudinal joint 45 is further provided between each precast element 41 and each precast element 47 adjoining thereto; at each of the longitudinal joints 45 coupling reinforcements 44 are provided, which comprise transversal parts arranged proximate to the extrados of the lower slab 41a of said two adjoining precast elements 41, or of the lower slab 41a and of the lower slab 47a respectively of a precast element 41 and of a precast element 47 adjoining thereto. The precast elements 47 are placed sequentially and have the longitudinal axes arranged on a same straight line.

[0029] Said parts of cast-in-situ concrete 43 comprise an upper slab 43a and second ribs 43b arranged at the longitudinal joints 45. At each of the second ribs 43b arranged between due adjoining precast elements 41, the two adjoining precast elements 41 are joined to each other by means of the coupling reinforcements 44 and of the second connecting reinforcements 41d; the second connecting reinforcements 41d projecting above the extrados of the lower slab 41a and the coupling reinforcements 44 are embedded in said parts of cast-in-situ concrete 43. At each of the second ribs 43b arranged between a precast element 41 and a precast element 47 adjoining to each other, the precast element 41 and the precast element 47 adjoining to each other are joined to each other by means of the coupling reinforcements 44, of the second connecting reinforcements 41d and of the second connecting reinforcements 47d; the second connecting reinforcements 41d projecting above the extrados of the lower slab 41a, the second connecting reinforcements 47d projecting above the extrados of the lower slab 47a and the coupling reinforcements 44 are embedded in said parts of cast-in-situ concrete 43. The height of the second ribs 43b is more than twice the height of the lower slab 41a of the precast elements 41 (this thickness is equal to the thickness of the lower slab 47a of the precast elements 47); the lightweight elements 42a, 42b have the intrados arranged at the extrados of the lower slab 41a of the precast elements 41. The first ribs 41b, 47b and the second ribs 43b are connected to the upper slab 43a by means of the first connecting reinforcements 41c, the second connecting reinforcements 41d, the first connecting reinforcements 47c, the second connecting reinforcements 47d and the coupling reinforcements 44.

[0030] The floor 40 also comprises adding reinforcements 52 which comprise bars, meshes and the coupling reinforcements 44. The adding reinforcements 52 are placed on site and embedded within the cast-in-situ concrete 43.

[0031] The floor 40 is supported by structural elements 53 each of which consists of a precast beam of prestressed concrete with inverted T-shaped section;

[0032] The structural elements 53 support both the precast elements 41, 47 during the first step of the method for making both the floor 40 (see below), and the floor 40 when the latter has been completed.

[0033] It should be noted that in Fig. 15 and 16, for simplicity of illustration, the relevant structural element 53 has not been shown.

[0034] The floor 40 further comprises the plates 46, with a function of disposable formwork, which are sequentially arranged at the precast elements 47. It should be noted that in Fig. 11 only some of the plates 46 are shown. It should be also noted that in Fig. 16 one of the plates 46 is also illustrated.

[0035] With reference to each of the precast elements 47 the following is pointed out: each of the plates 46 arranged at said precast element 47 is positioned, with the ends thereof, at the extrados of the two first ribs 47b; the intrados of the plates 46, the two adjacent faces of the two first ribs 47b and the intrados of that part of the lower slab 47a which is comprised between said two first ribs 47b define a channel 48, which is arranged within the floor 40; the channel 48 results to be accessible through openings 49 provided in the lower slab 47a in the part comprised between the two first ribs 47b; the openings 49 provided in the lower slab 47a are closed by means of closure elements 51 made of sheet steel and placed at sheet steel frames 50 each of which is arranged on the perimeter of the corresponding opening 49. It should be noted that, in each of the precast elements 47 the channel 48 can be normally used for passing tubing or installations therein; the channel 48 may also be normally used as channeling for the conditioning system; in this case, in addition to the openings 49 also other openings are provided in which diffuser elements (outlets) are placed for venting the air treated by the channel 48. It is understood that, depending on the different cases and conditions, it is required that the structural elements 53 supporting the floor 40 are provided with the holes that are required for providing the communication between the channels 48 that are provided in the several precast elements 47.

[0036] The method for making the floor 40 is technically equivalent to the method for making the floor 1 as described above.

[0037] It should be understood that during the second step of the method for making the floor 40, at each precast element 47, the plates 46 are placed which have the function of disposable formwork. With reference to each of the precast elements 47 it should be pointed out that: each of the plates 46 is positioned with the ends thereof on the extrados of the two first ribs 47b; the intrados of the plates 46, the two adjacent faces of the two first ribs 47b and the intrados of that part of the lower slab 47a which is comprised between said two first ribs 47b define the channel 48.

[0038] The casting of the cast-in-situ concrete 43 is then carried out.

[0039] Generally, the precast elements comprised in a floor obtained according to the present invention can be provided with more than two first ribs; it should be noted that two first ribs are normally used.

[0040] A floor with flat intrados precast elements obtained according to the present invention can be supported by precast I-shaped, inversed T-shaped, etc., beams of prestressed concrete, or can be supported by mixed lattice beams of steel and concrete, or can be supported by concrete beams made on site.

[0041] It should be understood that in a floor with flat intrados precast elements obtained according to the present invention each of the precast elements can be positioned on the beam even using a cantilever support.

[0042] The lightweight elements, such as the lightweight elements 3a, 3b, are preferably placed at the extrados of the lower slab of the precast elements when the concrete with which the precast element has been made is still wet. Alternatively, these lightweight elements can be placed after the precast elements have been made, however paying attention to join, using means, the lightweight elements to the precast elements.

[0043] The lightweight elements comprised in a floor with flat intrados precast elements can also be made using, in addition to foamed polystyrene, other suitable materials.

[0044] It should be understood that in the present disclosure and in the drawings attached thereto, the lift inserts, which are provided in the precast elements comprised in the floors as obtained according to the present invention, as well as the inserts for venting the gases that can be originated from the lightweight elements in case of fire are not shown.

[0045] The flat intrados precast elements used in the floors obtained according to the present invention are normally made of prestressed concrete by means of adhering pre-tensioned strands; it is however possible that flat intrados precast elements used in the floors obtained according to the present invention are made of reinforced concrete.

[0046] It should be understood that a floor with intrados precast elements obtained according to the present invention can also have considerable heights since the precast elements (that are comprised therein) may have considerable heights and since that the upper slab of cast-in-situ concrete may, depending on the case and as required, also have great thicknesses.

[0047] The floors with flat intrados precast elements obtained according to the present invention can be used for making floors and generally joints of an office building, a residential building, a commercial building, a parking building, a sports building, etc.. The floors with flat intrados precast elements obtained according to the present invention can be also advantageously used as covering floors for buildings in general. The floors with flat intrados precast elements obtained according to the present invention can be also used even in the presence of large spans and/or loads, and particularly in the presence of loads deriving from the transit of vehicles.

[0048] An advantage of the present invention is that the precast elements comprised in a floor (as obtained according to the present invention) are self-bearing and allow avoiding expensive strutting on site.

[0049] A further advantage of the present invention is that the normal placement on site of the precast elements (comprised in a floor with flat intrados precast elements (as obtained according to the present invention) and the subsequent step of casting the cast-in-situ concrete, result to be sufficiently quick and easy.

[0050] A further advantage of the present invention is that a floor (as obtained according to the present invention) is provided with a small value of heat transmission rate.

[0051] A further advantage of the present invention is that the strains of a floor with flat intrados precast elements (as obtained according to the present invention) are normally of a small extent.

[0052] A further advantage of the present invention is that a floor with flat intrados precast elements (as obtained according to the present invention) can be considered to be sufficiently light, if the performance thereof are duly taken into account.

Claims

1. A method for making a floor with flat intrados precast elements comprising the following steps:

- first step: concrete precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47) are placed on site, which had been previously made in a factory for the production of precast elements; said precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47) are placed by positioning them with the ends thereof on structural elements (8, 53) which support the floor (1, 20, 40); each precast element (2, 21, 41, 47) has a flat intrados and is self-bearing during the steps of casting the cast-in-situ concrete (4, 23, 43); each of said precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47) comprises a lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a), first ribs (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) arranged above said lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a), first connecting reinforcements (2c, 21c, 41c, 47c) projecting above said first ribs (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) and second connecting reinforcements (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) arranged at the longitudinal edges of said precast element (2, 21, 41, 47), which reinforcements are partially embedded in the concrete of the lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) and projecting above the extrados of said lower slab; at least one portion of each of said first ribs (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) has been made simultaneously with said lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a); at the end of the first step of the method each of said precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47) is supported with the ends thereof at said load-bearing structural elements (8, 53); at the extrados of the lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) of said precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47) lightweight elements (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) are placed; the precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47) are placed next to each other, so that longitudinal joints (6, 25, 45) are provided between adjoining precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47);

- second step: the adding reinforcements (10, 26, 52) are placed; said adding reinforcements (10, 26, 52) also comprise transversal coupling reinforcements (5, 24, 44) which are placed at said longitudinal joints (6, 25, 45) between two adjoining precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47); said coupling reinforcements (5, 24, 44) comprise transversal parts arranged proximate to the extrados of the lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) of said adjoining precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47);

- third step: the casting of concrete (4, 23, 43) is carried out on site thereby making an upper slab (4a, 23a, 43a) and second ribs (4b, 23b, 43b); said second ribs (4b, 23b, 43b) are arranged at the longitudinal joints (6, 25, 45) between two adjoining precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47); at each of said second ribs (4b, 23b, 43b) the two adjoining precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47) are joined to each other by means of said coupling reinforcements (5, 24, 44) and of said second connecting reinforcements (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d); said second connecting reinforcements (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) projecting above the extrados of the lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) and said coupling reinforcements (5, 24, 44) are embedded in the cast-in-situ concrete (4, 23, 43); at the end of said third step of the method, after the cast-in-situ concrete (4, 23, 43) has suitably cured, the first ribs (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) and the second ribs (4b, 23b, 43b) are connected to the upper slab (4a, 23a, 43a) by means of the first connecting reinforcements (2c, 21c, 41c, 47c), the second connecting reinforcements (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) and the coupling reinforcements (5, 24, 44);

- the second ribs (4b, 23b, 43b) are created through the pouring of concrete on site between lightweight elements (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) positioned on adjacent precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47), so that the second ribs (4b, 23b, 43b) are in direct contact with said lightweight elements.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein during the second step of said method, at one or more precast elements (47), plates (46) are placed which have the function of disposable formwork; in each of said one or more precast elements (47), each of the plates (46) is positioned at the extrados of two adjoining first ribs (47b); the intrados of the plates (46), the two adjacent faces of the two first ribs (47b) and the intrados of that part of lower slab (47a) which is comprised between said adjoining two first ribs (47b), define a channel (48).

3. A floor with flat intrados precast elements as obtained according to the method of claim 1, comprising concrete flat intrados precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47), lightweight elements (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) and parts of cast-in-situ concrete (4, 23, 43), each of said precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47) comprises a lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a), first ribs (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) placed above said lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a), first connecting reinforcements (2c, 21c, 41c, 47c) projecting above said first ribs (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) and second connecting reinforcements (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) placed at the longitudinal edges of said precast element (2, 21, 41, 47), which reinforcements are partially embedded in the concrete of the lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) and projecting above the extrados of said lower slab; at least one portion of each of said first ribs (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) is made simultaneously with said lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a); each precast element (2, 21, 41, 47) is self-bearing during the casting of said cast-in-situ concrete (4, 23, 43); the precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47) are placed next to each other so that longitudinal joints (6, 25, 45) are provided between adjoining precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47); at each of said longitudinal joints (6, 25, 45) between two adjoining precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47) coupling reinforcements (5, 24, 44) are provided which comprise transversal parts placed proximate to the extrados of the lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) of said adjoining precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47); said parts of cast-in-situ concrete (4, 23, 43) comprise an upper slab (4a, 23a, 43a) and second ribs (4b, 23b, 43b) arranged at the longitudinal joints (6, 25, 45) between the adjoining precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47); at each of said second ribs (4b, 23b, 43b) the two adjoining precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47) are joined to each other by means of said coupling reinforcements (5, 24, 44) and of said second connecting reinforcements (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d); said second connecting reinforcements (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) projecting above the extrados of the lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) and said coupling reinforcements (5, 24, 44) are embedded in said parts of cast-in-situ concrete (4, 23, 43); the lightweight elements (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) have the intrados positioned at the extrados of the lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) of the precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47); said first ribs (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) and said second ribs (4b, 23b, 43b) are connected to the upper slab (4a, 23a , 43a) by means of the first connecting reinforcements (2c, 21c, 41c, 47c), second connecting reinforcements (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) and coupling reinforcements (5, 24, 44) the second ribs (4b, 23b, 43b) are between lightweight elements (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) positioned on adjacent precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47), and the second ribs (4b, 23b, 43b) are in direct contact with said lightweight elements.

4. The floor with flat intrados precast elements according to claim 3, wherein the height of the second ribs (4b, 23b, 43b) is more than twice the height of the lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) of said precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47).

5. The floor with flat intrados precast elements according to claim 3, wherein each precast element (21) also comprises an upper flange (21e) integral with the upper ends of two of the first ribs (21b); said upper flange (21e) is made before casting the cast-in-situ concrete (23).

6. The floor with flat intrados precast elements according to claim 3 wherein each of the precast elements (2, 21, 41, 47) comprises two first ribs (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b).

7. The floor with flat intrados precast elements according to claim 3 wherein it comprises at least one or more plates (46) having the function of disposable formwork, which are positioned at one or more precast elements (47); in each of said one or more precast elements (47), each of the one ore more plates (46) arranged at said precast element (47) is positioned with the ends thereof on the extrados of two adjoining first ribs (47b); the intrados of said plates (46), the two adjacent faces of said two adjoining first ribs (47b) and the intrados of that part of lower slab (47a) which is comprised between said two adjoining first ribs (47b) define a channel (48), which is arranged within the deck (40); said channel (48) results to be accessible through openings (49) that are provided in said lower slab (47a) in that part which is comprised between said two first ribs (47b).

8. The floor with flat intrados precast elements according to claim 3 wherein in each precast element (2, 21, 41, 47) the first ribs (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) comprise joining elements (7) therebelow, which connect said first ribs to the lower slab (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a).

9. The floor with flat intrados precast elements according to claim 3 wherein each precast element (2, 21, 41, 47) is prestressed by means of pre-tensioned adhering strands (11).

Ansprüche

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Fussbodens mit vorgefertigten Elementen mit flacher inneren Oberfläche, folgende Schritte umfassend:

- erster Schritt: vorgefertigte Betonelemente (2, 21, 41, 47) werden vor Ort positioniert, nachdem sie zuvor in einer Fabrik für die Herstellung von vorgefertigten Elementen erzeugt worden sind; wobei die besagten vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) derart positioniert werden, dass sie mit ihren Enden auf Bauelementen (8, 53) platziert werden, die den Fussboden (1, 20, 40) unterstützen; wobei jedes vorgefertigtes Element (2, 21, 41, 47) eine flache innere Oberfläche aufweist und selbsttragend während der Schritte von Gießen von Ort des Betons (4, 23, 43) ist; wobei jedes der besagten vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) eine untere Platte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) aufweist, erste Rippen (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) über der besagten unteren Platte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) angeordnet sind, erste Verstärkungsverbindungen (2c, 21c, 41c, 47c) über die besagten ersten vorstehenden Rippen (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) vorstehen und zweite Verbindungsverstärkungen (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) an den Längskanten der besagten vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) angeordnet sind, wobei die besagten Verstärkungen teilweise in den Beton der unteren Patte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) eingebettet sind und oberhalb der äußeren Oberfläche der besagten unteren Platte auskragen; wobei mindestens ein Teil von jeder der besagten ersten Rippen (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) gleichzeitig mit der besagten unteren Platte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) gefertigt worden ist; am Ende des ersten Schrittes des Verfahrens, ist jedes der besagten vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) mit seinen Enden bei den besagten lasttragenden Bauelemente (8; 53) unterstützt; bei der äußeren Oberfläche der unteren Platten (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) der besagten vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) Leichtelemente (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) angeordnet sind; die vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) nebeneinander derart positioniert sind, dass Längsverbindungen (6, 25, 45) zwischen angrenzenden vorgefertigten Elementen (2, 21, 41, 47) ausgebildet sind,

- zweiter Schritt: weitere Verstärkungen (10, 26, 52) werden hinzugefügt, wobei die besagten hinzugefügten Verstärkungen (10, 26, 52) auch Querverbindungsverstärkungen (5, 24, 44) aufweisen, die in der Nähe der besagten Längsverbindungen (6, 25, 45) zwischen zwei angrenzenden vorgefertigten Elementen (2, 21, 41, 47) aufgenommen sind; wobei die besagten Verbindungsverstärkungen (5, 24, 44) Querteile umfassen, die in der Nähe der äußeren Oberfläche der unteren Platte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) der besagten vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) angeordnet ist;

- dritter Schritt: das Gießen des Betons (4, 23, 43) vor Ort geschieht, wobei eine obere Platte (4a, 23a, 43a) und zweite Rippen (4b, 23b, 43b) gefertigt werden; wobei die besagten zweiten Rippen (4b, 23b, 43b) bei den Längsverbindungen (6, 25 45,) zwischen zwei angrenzenden vorgefertigten Elementen (2, 21, 41, 47) platziert sind; bei jeder der besagten zweiten Rippen (4b, 23b, 43b) werden die beiden angrenzenden vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) miteinander verbunden, durch die besagten Kupplungsverstärkungen (5, 24, 44) und der besagten zweiten Verbindungsverstärkungen (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d); wobei die besagten zweiten Verbindungsverstärkungen (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) über der äußeren Oberfläche der unteren Platte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) vorstehen und die besagten Kupplungsverstärkungen (5, 24, 44) in den vor Ort gegossenen Beton (4, 23, 43) eingebettet sind; am Ende des besagten dritten Schrittes des Verfahrens, nachdem der vor Ort gegossener Beton (4, 23, 43) sich in geeigneter Weise verfestigt ist, werden die ersten Rippen (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) und die zweiten Rippen (4b, 23b, 43b) mit der oberen Platte (4a, 23a, 43a) mittels der ersten Verbindungsverstärkungen (2c, 21c, 41c, 47c), der zweiten Verbindungsverstärkungen (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) und der Kupplungsverstärkungen (5, 24, 44) verbunden;

- die zweiten Rippen (4b, 23b, 43b) werden durch Gießen des Betons an Ort und Stelle zwischen Leichtelementen (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) gefertigt, die auf benachbarten vorgefertigten Elementen (2, 21, 41, 47) derart positioniert sind, dass die besagten zweiten Rippen (4b, 23b, 43b) in direktem Kontakt mit der genannten Leichtelemente sind.

2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem während des zweiten Schrittes des besagten Verfahrens, bei einem oder mehreren vorgefertigten Elementen (47) Platten (46) platziert sind, die die Funktion einer Einwegstruktur besitzen; wobei in jeder der besagten einen oder mehreren vorgefertigten Elemente (47), ist jede der Platten (46) auf der äußeren Oberfläche von zwei ersten angrenzenden Rippen (47b) angeordnet; die innere Oberfläche der Platten (46), die zwei benachbarten Oberflächen der beiden ersten Rippen (47b) und die innere Oberfläche jenes Teils der unteren Platte (47 a), die zwischen den genannten zwei ersten Rippen (47b) angeordnet ist, definiert einen Kanal (48).

3. Fussboden mit vorgefertigten Elementen mit flacher inneren Oberfläche gemäß dem Verfahren von Anspruch 1 erhalten, vorgefertigte Betonelemente (2, 21, 41, 47) mit flacher inneren Oberfläche umfassend, Leichtelemente (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) und Teile von vor Ort gegossenen Beton (4, 23, 43), wobei jedes der besagten vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) eine untere Platte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) aufweist, erste Rippen (2b, 21b, 41b, die auf der besagten unteren Platte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) angeordnet sind, erste Verbindungsverstärkungen (2c, 21c, 41c, 47c) die über die besagten ersten Rippen (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) vorstehen, und zweite Verbindungsverstärkungen (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) an den Längskanten des besagten vorgefertigten Elements (2, 21, 41, 47) angeordnet sind, wobei die besagten Verstärkungen teilweise in den Beton der unteren Platte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) eingebettet sind und über der äußeren Oberfläche der besagten unteren Platte vorstehen; wobei zumindest ein Teil von jeder der besagten ersten Rippen (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) gleichzeitig mit dem besagten unteren Platte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) gefertigt ist; wobei jedes vorgefertigtes Element (2, 21, 41, 47) selbsttragend beim Gießen des besagten vor Ort gegossenen Betons (4, 23, 43) ist; wobei die vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) nebeneinander derart platziert sind, dass Längsverbindungen (6, 25, 45) zwischen angrenzenden vorgefertigten Elementen (2, 21, 41, 47) ausgebildet sind; wobei bei jedem der besagten Längsverbindungen (6, 25, 45) zwischen zwei angrenzenden vorgefertigten Elementen (2, 21, 41, 47) Kupplungsverstärkungen (5, 24, 44) vorgesehen sind, die Querteile umfassen, die in der Nähe des äußeren Oberfläche der unteren Platte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) der besagten vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) angeordnet sind; wobei die besagten Teile des vor ort gegossenen Betons (4, 23, 43) eine obere Platte (4a, 23a, 43a) und zweite Rippen (4b, 23b, 43b) umfassen, die bei den Längsverbindungsstellen (6, 25, 45) zwischen den angrenzenden vorgefertigten Elementen (2, 21, 41, 47) angeordnet sind; bei jeder der besagten zweiten Rippen (4b, 23b, 43b) sind die beiden vorgefertigten benachbarten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) miteinander mittels der besagten Kupplungsverstärkungen (5, 24, 44) und der besagten Verbindungsverstärkungen (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) verbunden wobei die besagten zweiten Verbindungsverstärkungen (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) über die äußere Oberfläche der unteren Platte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) vorstehen und die besagten Verbindungsverstärkungen (5, 24, 44) in den besagten Teilen des vor Ort gegossenen Betons (4, 23, 43) eingebettet sind; wobei die Leichtelemente (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) die innere Oberfläche aufweisen, die bei der äußeren Oberfläche der unteren Patte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) der vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) positioniert sind; wobei die besagten ersten Rippen (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) und die besagten zweiten Rippen (4b, 23b, 43b) mit der oberen Platte (4a, 23a, 43a) durch die erste Verbindungverstärkungen (2c, 21c, 41c, 47c), zweite Verbindungsverstärkungen (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) und Kupplungsverstärkungen (5, 24, 44), verbunden sind,
wobei die zweiten Rippen (4b, 23b, 43b) zwischen den Leichtelementen (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) auf vorgefertigten benachbarten Elementen (2, 21, 41, 47) positioniert sind, und die zweiten Rippen (4b, 23b, 43b) in direktem Kontakt mit der besagten Leichtelementen sind.

4. Fussboden mit vorgefertigten Elementen mit flacher inneren Oberfläche nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Höhe der zweiten Rippen (4b, 23b, 43b) grösser als das Doppelte der Höhe der unteren Platte (2a, 21a, 4a, 47a) der besagten vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) ist.

5. Fussboden mit vorgefertigten Elementen mit flacher inneren Oberfläche nach Anspruch 3, wobei jedes vorgefertigtes Element (21) auch einen oberen Flansch (21e) aufweist, der integral mit den oberen Enden von zwei der ersten Rippen (21b) ist; wobei der besagte obere Flansch (21e) vor dem Gießen vor Ort des Betons (23) gefertigt wird.

6. Fussboden mit vorgefertigten Elementen mit flacher inneren Oberfläche nach Anspruch 3, wobei jedes der vorgefertigten Elemente (2, 21, 41, 47) zwei ersten Rippen (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) umfasst.

7. Fussboden mit vorgefertigten Elementen mit flacher inneren Oberfläche nach Anspruch 3, wobei er mindestens eine oder mehrere Platten (46) umfasst, die die Funktion eines Einwegprofils ausüben und welche in Übereinstimmung mit einem oder mehreren vorgefertigten Elementen (47) positioniert sind; wobei in jeder der einen oder mehreren vorgefertigten Elemente (47), jeder der einen oder mehreren Platten (46) am besagten vorgefertigten Element (47) mit den Enden auf der äußeren Oberfläche von zwei ersten Rippen (47b) angeordnet ist; wobei die innere Oberfläche der besagten Platten (46), die zwei benachbarten Oberflächen der genannten zwei ersten Rippen (47b) und angrenzend an die innere Oberfläche des Teils der unteren Platte (47a), der zwischen den besagten ersten benachbarten Rippen (47b) angeordnet ist, einen Kanal (48) definiert, der innerhalb der Abdeckung (40) angeordnet ist; wobei der besagte Kanal (48) durch Öffnungen (49) zugänglich ist, die in der besagten oberen Platte (47a) in dem Teil vorgesehen sind, der zwischen den besagten ersten Rippen (47b) angeordnet ist.

8. Fussboden mit vorgefertigten Elementen mit flacher inneren Oberfläche nach Anspruch 3, wobei in jedem vorgefertigten Element (2, 21, 41, 47) die ersten Rippen (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) Verbindungselemente (7) unter diesen aufweisen, die die besagten ersten Rippen mit der unteren Platte (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) verbinden.

9. Fussboden mit vorgefertigten Elementen mit flacher inneren Oberfläche nach Anspruch 3, wobei jedes vorgefertigtes Element (2, 21, 41, 47) durch vorgespannte Haftstreifen (11) vorgespannt ist.

Revendications

1. Procédé de fabrication d'un plancher avec des éléments préfabriqués à intrados plat, comprenant les opérations suivantes:

- première opération: des éléments préfabriqués en béton (2, 21, 41, 47) sont placés sur place, après avoir été produits auparavant dans une usine pour la production d'éléments préfabriqués; lesdits éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) sont placés au moyen d'un positionnement avec leur extrémités sur des éléments de structure (8, 53) qui soutiennent le plancher (1, 20 , 40); chaque élément préfabriqué (2, 21, 41, 47) a un intrados plat et est auto-supportant pendant les opérations de coulage de béton (4, 23, 43) coulé sur place; chacun desdits éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) comprend une plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a), premières nervures (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) disposées au-dessus de ladite plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a), premiers renforts de connexion (2c, 21c, 41c, 47c) faisant saillie au-dessus desdites premières nervures (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) et deuxièmes renforts de connexion (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) sont disposés sur les bords longitudinaux dudit éléments préfabriqué (2, 21, 41, 47), les renforts étant partiellement noyés dans le béton de la plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) et faisant saillie sur l'extrados de ladite plaque inférieure; au moins une partie de chacune desdites premières nervures (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) a été produite en même temps que ladite plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a); à la fin de la première opération du procédé, chacun desdits éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) est supporté avec ses extrémités aux dits éléments structurels (8; 53) qui supportent les charges; sur l'extrados de la plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) desdits éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) sont placés des éléments légers (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b); les éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) sont placés l'un à côté de l'autre, et des jonctions longitudinales (6, 25, 45) sont formées entre des éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) adjacents;

- deuxième opération: les renforts ajoutés (10, 26, 52) sont placés; lesdits renforts ajoutés (10, 26, 52) comprennent également un couplage transversal des renforts (5, 24, 44) qui sont situés près desdites jonctions longitudinales (6, 25, 45) entre deux éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) ajoutés; lesdits renforts de couplage (5, 24, 44) comprennent des parties transversales disposées an proximité de l'extrados de la plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) desdits éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) adjacents;

- troisième opération: la coulée de béton (4, 23, 43) est réalisée en produisant sur place dans un tel cas une plaque supérieure (4a, 23a, 43a) et deuxièmes nervures (4b, 23b, 43b); lesdites deuxièmes nervures (4b, 23b, 43b) sont disposés près des jonctions longitudinales (6, 25, 45) entre deux éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) ajoutés; en correspondance avec chacune desdites deuxièmes nervures (4b, 23b, 43b) les deux éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) adjacents sont reliés les uns aux autres par des moyens de couplage desdits renforts de couplage (5, 24, 44) et desdits deuxièmes renforts de connexion (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d); lesdits deuxièmes renforts de connexion (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) font saillie au-dessus de l'extrados de la plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) et lesdits renforts de couplage (5, 24, 44) sont noyées dans le béton (4, 23, 43) coulé sur place; à la fin de ladite troisième opération du procédé, après que le béton (4, 23, 43) a été coulé sur place est s'est consolide d'une manière appropriée, les premières nervures (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) et les deuxièmes nervures (4b, 23b, 43b) sont reliés à la plaque supérieure (4a, 23a, 43a) par les premières renforts de couplage (2c, 21c, 41c, 47c), les deuxièmes renforts de connexion (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) et les renforts de couplage (5, 24, 44);

- les deuxièmes nervures (4b, 23b, 43b) sont créés par la coulée du béton sur place entre les éléments légers (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) positionnés sur des éléments préfabriqués adjacents (2, 21, 41, 47), de manière que les deuxièmes nervures (4b, 23b, 43b) sont en contact direct avec lesdits éléments légers.

2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel au cours de la deuxième opération dudit procédé, près d'un ou plusieurs éléments préfabriqués (47), sont placées des plaques (46) qui ont la fonction d'un travail de formation à perdre ; dans chacun desdits un ou plusieurs éléments préfabriqués (47), chacune des plaques (46) est positionnée sur l'extrados des deux premières nervures (47b) adjacentes; l'intrados des plaques (46), les deux faces adjacentes des deux premières nervures (47b) et l'intrados de celle partie de la plaque inférieure (47 a) qui est comprise entre lesdites deux premières nervures (47b) adjacentes, définit un canal (48).

3. Plancher avec des éléments préfabriqués a intrados plat obtenu selon le procédé de la revendication 1, comprenant des éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) à intrados plat de béton, des éléments légers (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) et des parties de béton (4, 23, 43) coulé sur place, chacun desdits éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) comprenant une plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a), des premières nervures (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) placées au-dessus de ladite plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a), des premiers renforts de connexion (2c, 21c, 41c, 47c) faisant saillie au-dessus desdites premières nervures (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) et deuxièmes renforts de connexion (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) placés sur les bords longitudinaux dudit élément préfabriqué (2, 21, 41, 47), lesdits renforts étant partiellement noyées dans le béton de la plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) et faisant saillie au-dessus de l'extrados de ladite plaque inférieure; au moins une partie de chacune desdites premières nervures (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) est formée simultanément avec ladite plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a); chaque élément préfabriqué (2, 21, 41, 47) est autoportant lors de la coulée dudit béton (4, 23, 43) sur place; les éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) sont placés l'un à côté de l'autre, de mesure que sont formées de jonctions longitudinales (6, 25, 45) entre des éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) ajoutés; près de chacune desdites jonctions longitudinales (6, 25, 45) entre deux éléments préfabriqués ajoutés (2, 21, 41, 47) sont disposés des renforts de couplage (5, 24, 44) qui comprennent des parties transversales disposées en proximité de l'extrados de la plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) desdits éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) ajoutés; lesdites parties de béton (4, 23, 43) coulé sur place comprennent une plaque supérieure (4a, 23a, 43a) et deuxièmes nervures (4b, 23b, 43b) disposées près des jonctions longitudinales (6, 25, 45) entre les éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) adjacents; près de chacune desdites deuxièmes nervures (4b, 23b, 43b) les deux éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) adjacents sont reliés les uns aux autres par lesdits renforts de couplage (5, 24, 44) et lesdits deuxièmes renforts de connexion (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d); lesdits deuxièmes renforts de connexion (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) faisant saillie au-dessus de l'extrados de la plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) et lesdits renforts de couplage (5, 24, 44) sont noyés dans lesdites parties de béton (4, 23, 43) coulé sur place; les éléments légers (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) ont l'intrados positionné en correspondance de l'extrados de la plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) des éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47); lesdites premières nervures (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) et lesdites deuxièmes nervures (4b, 23b, 43b) sont reliés à la plaque supérieure (4a, 23a, 43a) par l'intermédiaire des premiers renforts de connexion (2c, 21c, 41c, 47c ), des deuxièmes renforts de connexion (2d, 21d, 41d, 47d) et des renforts de couplage (5, 24, 44)
les deuxièmes nervures (4b, 23b, 43b) sont disposées entre les éléments légers (3a, 3b, 22a, 22b, 42a, 42b) positionnés sur des éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) adjacents, et les deuxièmes nervures (4b, 23b, 43b) sont en contact direct avec lesdits éléments légers.

4. Plancher avec des éléments préfabriqués à intrados plat selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la hauteur des deuxièmes nervures (4b, 23b, 43b) est plus du double de la hauteur de la plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 4a, 47a) desdits éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47).

5. Plancher aves des éléments préfabriqués à intrados plat selon la revendication 3, dans lequel chaque élément préfabriqué (21) comprend en outre une bride supérieure (21e) solidaire des extrémités supérieures de deux des premières nervures (21b); ladite bride supérieure (21e) est formée avant de couler le béton (23) sur place.

6. Plancher avec des éléments préfabriqués à intrados plat selon la revendication 3, dans lequel chacun des éléments préfabriqués (2, 21, 41, 47) comprend deux premières nervures (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b).

7. Plancher avec des éléments préfabriqués à intrados plat selon la revendication 3, dans lequel il comprend au moins une ou plusieurs plaques (46) ayant la fonction d'une structure profilée à perdre, qui sont positionnés en correspondance d'un ou plusieurs éléments préfabriqués (47); dans chacun desdits un ou plusieurs éléments préfabriqués (47), chacune des une ou plusieurs plaques (46) disposées au niveau desdits éléments préfabriqués (47) est positionné avec les extrémités de celui-ci sur l'extrados des deux premières nervures (47b) adjacentes; l'intrados desdites plaques (46), les deux faces adjacentes desdites deux premières nervures (47b) adjacentes et l'intrados de celle partie de la plaque inférieure (47a) qui est comprise entre lesdites deux premières nervures (47b) adjacentes, définissent un canal (48), qui est disposé à l'intérieur du couvercle (40); ledit canal (48) est accessible à travers des ouvertures (49) qui sont formées dans ladite plaque supérieure (47a), dans celle partie qui est comprise entre lesdites deux premières nervures (47b).

8. Plancher avec des éléments préfabriqués à intrados plat selon la revendication 3, dans lequel, chaque élément préfabriqué (2, 21, 41, 47) les premières nervures (2b, 21b, 41b, 47b) comprennent des éléments de jonction (7) au-dessous de celles-ci, qui relient lesdites premières nervures à la plaque inférieure (2a, 21a, 41a, 47a) .

9. Plancher avec des éléments préfabriqués à intrados plat selon la revendication 3, dans lequel chaque élément préfabriqué (2, 21, 41, 47) est précontraint au moyen de bandes adhérentes (11) précédemment sollicitées en tension.

Drawing