Field of Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a system for either cutting or engraving flat slabs
(mainly tiles, but also slabs of glass or other flat surface materials), in particular
a manually activated engraving machine for engraving/cutting large slabs.
Background art
[0002] For a long time, manual tile engravers represent a specialised sector, where few
manufacturers have the required competences to build sophisticated engraving systems
that would meet market requirements.
[0003] The traditional manual tile engravers available on the market consist of a base,
including a tile support area, with two end poles supporting a guiding bar for the
engraving tool holder. The latter is configured to slide freely along the bar and
generally has a handle and an engraving tool below (usually consisting of a wheel
made of a very hard material) that makes contact with the tile.
[0004] The engraving takes place through the operator's action, who applies a downward pressure
on the tool, and at the same time pushes the tool to scroll along the slab, from a
proximal to a distal position (or vice versa), in order to engrave the tile. The tile
remains blocked between the engraving tool and the underlying base: the higher the
pressure exercised on the tool, the higher the reaction of the underlying base; therefore,
blocking of the tile is very efficient and the tile does not move from the desired
position.
[0005] Over time, manual tile engravers underwent substantial evolution, especially to adapt
them to new requirements of operating on large tiles. Presently, tiles in excess of
2000 mm in size are being worked on; the technique evolution has now resulted in tiles
up to 4000 long and more than 1500 mm wide. Moreover, these tiles are more than 5
or 6 mm thick - obviously for mechanical resistance reasons, even simply in the handling
phase - which require a very high engraving force to obtain efficient engraving.
[0006] It becomes more and more difficult to process tiles or slabs of these dimensions
using a traditional tile engraver. Therefore, the approach has changed and some systems
were proposed that may be less convenient to use, but are suitable for use with large
slabs. In fact, these systems use light, lean structures, so they can be of a large
size without being too heavy and therefore can be lifted and placed on top of the
tiles (unlike in the traditional systems, where the tile is lifted and placed in the
machine).
[0007] Therefore, some engraving systems similar to those that have existed for a long time
in the glass sheets engraving sector appeared in the tile market. In these systems,
the machine consists of a rectilinear bar, along which a sliding tool holder with
the corresponding engraving tool is mounted, equipped with at least one pair of fixing
systems. This way the machine is affixed directly to the slab to be engraved or to
the work plane supporting the slab in order to perform the engraving. The splitting
of the slab, or separation of the two parts along the engraving line, is then made
using other manual tools (such as pressure pliers).
[0008] A system of this type is described for example in the utility model
IT278539 in the name of the same Applicant, in which the fixing system is in form of multiple
suction cup elements attached directly to the slab to be engraved.
[0010] The systems proposed so far have shown to be fairly efficient, while a margin for
improvement remains.
[0011] In particular, it must be noted that, regardless of the form of the engraving tool,
the guiding bar must always be attached to the slab or to the support table by means
of any fixing system, such as suction cups and/or clamps. The need for this is partially
dictated by a prejudice existing in the sector, suggesting that the guiding bar must
always be blocked to ensure engraving precision, and by the tool holder carriage mounting
arrangement.
[0012] In fact, since the guiding bar rests directly on the flat slab, the engraving tool
cannot be placed on the movement axis, but is typically mounted sideways laterally
on a carriage sliding along the guiding bar. This inevitably leads to high overturning
momentums - because the engraving pressure is exercised by the operator on the bar
axis, while the reaction acts on the tool in an offset position - which tend to lift
the guiding bar from the slab plane: therefore, the presence of fixing devices prevents
undesired relative shifting between the guiding bar and the slab to be engraved.
[0013] However, the fixing devices result in additional cost and weight of the device and
complicate its use.
[0014] Because of the presence of fixing clamps, the guiding bar is typically pressed strongly
against the slab, with the risk of breaking or at least scratching it (an aluminium
bar can easily scratch the tile surface). In order to partially resolve even this
problem, it has already been proposed to set up an anti-scratch or soft material layer
on the lower side of the guiding bar, but this does not change the fact that the construction
complications related to the fixing system remain.
Summary of the Invention
[0015] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to propose an engraving system for large
slabs, constituting a considerable improvement compared to the known technique; in
particular, it is intended to provide an apparatus configured in such a way as to
eliminate the use of traditional suction cups or clamping fixing systems.
[0016] This is achieved by means of the features mentioned in claim 1. The subordinate claims
describe preferential features of the invention.
[0017] In particular, according to a first aspect of the invention, it is provided an engraving/cutting
machine for planar slabs, comprising a rectilinear bar and a carriage mounted freely
sliding along said guiding bar and carrying an engraving/cutting tool, wherein
said rectilinear guiding bar has a lower surface provided with yielding support means
made of high-friction material, and
said engraving tool is integral with a pressure plate movably mounted relative to
a frame of said carriage, having at least a displacement component perpendicular to
said lower surface, in opposition to elastic means.
[0018] Preferably, said supports are in the shape of inserts or small cylinders made of
high-friction material inserted in corresponding seats made in the lower surface of
said bar. Said supports project from said lower surface of the bar by at least 1 mm.
[0019] According to another aspect, the pressure plate is mounted pivoting on the carriage
frame in opposition to elastic springs, preferably in the shape of torsional springs.
[0020] According to a further aspect, the engraving tool is mounted on a support head attached
to the lateral side of a pressure plate in the shape of a cover surrounding the carriage
frame.
[0021] In the following text, the term "large slabs" indicates tiles with dimensions of
the order 3000 x 1000 mm, with a thickness of up to 6 mm or more, even though it is
not ruled out that the machine described here can also be conveniently used to engrave
tiles of traditional sizes, for example of the order of 300x300 mm, but also made
of flat materials such as glass, panels of plastic material or rubber, glass panels
etc.
Brief description of the drawings
[0022] Further features and benefits of the invention are better shown by the following
detailed description, given purely as an example and not limitative, and illustrated
by the attached drawings, where:
Fig. 1 is an overall perspective view, partially cross-section, of an engraving device
according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view, partially in section, of the invention's guiding bar;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view from below the engraving device of Fig. 1, from which
a part of the guiding bar has been removed;
Fig. 4 is a perspective frontal view, partially in section, of the engraving device
of Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the carriage only, from which only the pressure cover
was removed;
Fig. 6 is a view similar to the one in Fig. 5, taken from the opposite side; and
Fig. 7 is a view similar to the one in Fig. 5 from a different perspective, of the
carriage only supported on the guiding bar.
Detailed description of preferred embodiments
[0023] Fig. 1 shows an overall view of the engraving DEVICE according to the invention.
[0024] The device consists of a guiding bar 1, supporting a sliding carriage 2 with a tool
holder.
[0025] The guiding bar 1 consists of an essentially flat lower section 11, on which a pair
of rails 12a and 12b is provided. Preferably, bar 1 is obtained integrally from an
extruded metal material, such as aluminium alloy.
[0026] According to an essential aspect of the invention, in the lower part of bar 1, i.e.
in the surface facing the slab that is to be engraved, there are provided yielding
supports made of high-friction material. In particular, these supports are made of
rubber of a sufficient thickness to be able to be compressed sufficiently using the
technique illustrated below, and therefore exercise a high friction resistance against
movement of bar 1 on support plane.
[0027] The yielding supports are not simply thin layers of scratchproof or coating material,
but the thickness and yielding of these materials must be adequate to offer an appropriate
yielding stroke inducing an elastic reaction (according to the known formula F=xK,
where x is the support yielding stroke) giving rise to a high pressure (the force
exercised by the user on the tool holder through the carriage 2 and therefore on the
bar 1 against the support plane).
[0028] According to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2, the supports have the shape of
elongated rubber inserts, consisting of rubber strings, partially inserted in recesses
or longitudinal grooves of bar 1 and protruding from the lower surface by at least
1 mm, preferably at least 2 mm. Typically, there could be three parallel inserts (one
central and two along the peripheral edges of bar 1), constituted by rubber strings
with a diameter of 4-5 mm, protruding from the lower surface by approximately 2 mm.
Advantageously, the rubber material is clear in colour so any residue caused by friction
does not stain the tile or slab placed underneath.
[0029] Other alternative support means (not illustrated) can be small cylinders, inserted
perpendicularly and distributed uniformly on the lower surface of bar 1, or a anti-skid
cover or mesh (made of rubber or polyester/PVC material) of sufficient thickness,
for example at least 1 mm, covering a large part of the lower surface of bar 1.
[0030] In order to have a sufficiently long guiding bar and therefore to be able to engrave
large tiles, preferably bar 1 is divided longitudinally in several parts, which can
be held together by appropriate joints. For that purpose, the figures show a joining
plate 5, attached to the lower section 11 of two continuous parts of the bar. Other
joining means considered appropriate may also be used.
[0031] The tool holder carriage 2 is constituted by a sliding frame 21, on which two sliding
axes are mounted, to which two pairs of sliding rotating wheels 22 are attached. The
wheels 22 are arranged so as to rest and rotate on the rails 12a and 12b. It is important
for the proper functioning of the device that the wheels 22 be distributed at the
four corners of the carriage so that the force exercised on the carriage (in the way
described further) be applied on the centre line of the guiding bar, which reduces
any overturning momentums as much as possible.
[0032] Preferably the wheels 22 have a central groove in order to be suitably guided laterally
on the rails 12a and 12b and avoid transversal play in the longitudinal movement axis.
[0033] A pivoting pressure cover 23 is mounted on the tool holding carriage. It is mounted
pivoting on the carriage in opposition to elastic means, as described below in more
detail.
[0034] Preferably, the cover 23 pivots around an axis mounted at its front on back end.
Therefore, the pivoting axis of the cover 23 is parallel to the sliding axes of wheels
22, and transversal to the carriage longitudinal sliding direction. Preferably, the
pressure cover 23 rotates around a pivoting axis 23a coinciding with one of the axes
of the wheels 22.
[0035] According to the illustrated embodiment, a tool holder head T is installed on the
pressure cover 23, in proximity of the end opposite to that of the pivoting axis 23a
(or in any case far from the pivoting axis). The head T carries on engraving tool
U on its lower surface (which is the lower side of bar 1). Tool U is typically a wheel
of hard metal, preferably small in diameter, or a diameter below 10 mm, preferably
8 mm.
[0036] Tool U is installed in a way to engrave the underlying slab while the carriage 2
scrolls over the bar 1.
[0037] Advantageously, tool U is mounted laterally to the pressure cover 23, at a pre-determined
distance - facilitating the calculation of engraving measurements for the user. For
example, the engraving tool U is arranged 1 cm from the external longitudinal edge
of bar 1.
[0038] Moreover, according to the invention, between the pressure cover or plate 23 - on
which tool U is mounted - and the frame 21 of the carriage - sliding on bar 1 - there
are elastic means, pushing the plate 23 away from the frame 21, making it turn towards
the outside around the pivoting axis 23a. In the illustrated embodiment, the elastic
means are in the shape of a pair of torsion springs 24, mounted on a shaft 24a, transversal
and integral with the frame 21. The two torsion springs 24 have a curved distal end,
protruding through two slits 24b of the frame 21, which supports the pressure plate
23 from below.
[0039] Finally, above the pressure plate 23 there is an handling knob 25, for example a
pull with a diameter of 6 cm. The pull 25 is placed essentially on the longitudinal
axis of the carriage, so that the force applied is distributed uniformly on the wheels
22.
[0040] By means of the knob 25 the user can exercise, in addition to a longitudinal pushing
action on the carriage 2, also a pressure perpendicular to the guiding bar 1, which
pushes the pressure plate 23 towards the frame 21 of the carriage, overcoming the
elastic reaction of the springs 24, until it brings the engraving tool U in contact
with the slab to be engraved. The abutment of the tool U on the slab determines the
end stop of the rotation of the pressure cover 23 on the frame 21. The rotation angle
permitted for the pressure cover 23, is sufficient to cover a certain distance (for
example 1 cm) by the tool U, useful to load the torsion spring 24, which applies its
elastic reaction on the frame 21, and therefore, through the wheels 22, on the guiding
bar 1.
[0041] Essentially, by placing elastic means between the pressure plate 23 (integral with
tool U) and the frame 21 of the carriage, it is produced a significant pressure on
the supports - inserted between the bar 1 and the support plane of the slab to be
engraved - which yield partially and ensure a high level of friction with the underlying
slab, on which the invention's device rests. Therefore, the pressure exercised with
the knob - for example of a magnitude of 15 kg - before the tool U abuts on the slab
to be engraved, loads the supports adequately, resulting in high friction between
the bar 1 and the slab to be engraved, eliminating any possibility of relative movement
between the two.
[0042] Therefore, this construction permits the elimination of the fixing equipment of the
prior art and the certainty of restraint between the device and the slab to be engraved
by an efficient friction surface.
[0043] Since it is the force applied against the spring 24 that causes the necessary restraining
friction, it is also possible to consider a different intervention, for example loading
the pressure cover with a temporary load. This permits an engraving efficiency and
prevents movement between the bar 1 and the slab, without even having to intervene
manually on the carriage. This is particularly convenient when the slab is very large
and the users cannot reach all of its areas by hand to act on the knob: instead, they
can load the carriage with a weight and then push or pull it with control cables or
rods.
[0044] According to another embodiment, not illustrated, at one end of the bar there could
be provided a rotating square. The edge of the square can be placed against the edge
of the tile to be engraved to perform precisely a series of cuts with the desired
angles.
[0045] As can be understood from the description given above, the invention's system can
obtain the desired results. In fact, the combination of high-friction yielding supports
with the possibility of loading the tool holder carriage elastically create a synergy
for obtaining a very efficient, but at the same time light and economic, engraver.
[0046] In any case it is understood that the invention is not limited to the particular
configurations illustrated above, which constitute only non-limitative examples of
the scope of the invention, but that numerous variants are possible, all of them available
to skilled man in the field, without departing from the scope of the invention as
defined in the attached claims.
[0047] For example, both the nature and shape of the knob and springs may vary widely depending
on the user's preferences. Similarly, the arrangement of the relative displacement
between the pressure plate 23 and the carriage frame 21 may be designed differently,
as long as it involves the elastic reaction of the elastic means determining the load
on the underlying support means.
[0048] Finally, as indicated above, the engraving tool may be adapted based on the requirements
of the material to be engraved. For example, instead of the small wheel made of hard
material, it is possible to use a cutting blade or a mounting system for an electric
tool with a rotating cutting blade.