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EP 1 953 306 B2 |
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NEW EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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After opposition procedure |
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Date of publication and mentionof the opposition decision: |
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13.04.2016 Bulletin 2016/15 |
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Mention of the grant of the patent: |
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08.12.2010 Bulletin 2010/49 |
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Date of filing: 05.02.2007 |
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International Patent Classification (IPC):
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A multilayer roofing element and a method for manufacturing the same
Mehrschichtiges Dachelement und Herstellungsverfahren dafür
Élément de toiture multicouche et son procédé de fabrication
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Designated Contracting States: |
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AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE
SI SK TR |
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Date of publication of application: |
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06.08.2008 Bulletin 2008/32 |
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Proprietor: Maas, Martinus |
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5721 TZ Asten (NL) |
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Inventor: |
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- Maas, Martinus
5721 TZ Asten (NL)
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Representative: Vogels, Leonard Johan Paul et al |
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Octrooibureau Los en Stigter B.V.
Weteringschans 96 1017 XS Amsterdam 1017 XS Amsterdam (NL) |
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References cited: :
EP-B1- 0 006 189 WO-A-98/36139 DE-A1- 19 752 819 DE-A1-102005 021 477 US-A- 4 812 349
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WO-A-02/46551 DE-A1- 2 263 375 DE-A1- 19 826 126 FR-A- 2 800 766
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[0001] The present invention relates to a multilayer roofing element according to the introduction
of claim 1.
[0002] Such a roofing element is generally known in the form of a course of bitumen provided
with a combustible foil on the back side. The primary purpose of the combustible foil
is to prevent abutting layers of a roll of bitumen from sticking together. To install
the courses of bitumen on a roof, slabs of bitumen are first fixed to the roof, using
fixing elements. Then courses of roofing material are laid in partially overlapping
relationship on the roof and the slabs of bitumen that are fixed thereto. Once (part
of) the roof has been covered in this way, the roofing elements are heated by means
of a burner. As a result, the bitumen on the underside of the course will melt, causing
the roofing elements to bond to the slabs of bitumen that are fixed to the roof and
causing the overlapping portions of two adjoining courses to bond together. The combustible
foil will burn during said heating, so that the overlapping portions of bitumen (courses
and slabs) are no longer separated by the foil and said portions can bond together.
[0003] A drawback of these roofing elements is the fact that they need to be heated not
only at the location of their overlapping portions but also at the locations of the
slabs that are fixed to the roof in order to provide an adequate bond. Since the locations
of the slabs are difficult to distinguish, if at all, the course of bitumen needs
to be heated over their entire width and length. Moreover, the slabs are covered by
the roofing elements after heating of the elements, so that it is difficult to distinguish
the locations of these slabs and to check whetherthe roofing elements have actually
bonded thereto.
[0004] French patent application
FR 2800766 A1 discloses a course of waterproof material comprising an upper layer of bituminous
material and affixing layer suitable for engagement with the hook side of a Velcro
element. Two adjacent courses are attached to each other and to the roof by means
of a small strip having an upper layer of Velcro for cooperation with the back layer
of the courses and comprising an adhesive backing for attachment to a roof. Further
a traditional joint covers the upper side of neighbouring roofing elements and the
joint there between. A disadvantage of this known roofing element is that it requires
two additional waterproof layers to ensure a leakage free roofing.
[0005] International patent application
WO 98/36139 A1, discloses a shingle as a roofing element formed from an underlying flexible substrate
material which bears a coating of asphalt of each major surface thereof. The asphalt
coatings in turn each bear a particular of sand layer embedded thereon. On the upper
surface of the shingle isfixed a longitudinally extending strip of exposed seal down
asphalt. At the lower surface is fixed a small part (5 cm x 5 cm) of the hook side
of a hook and loop faster for cooperation with non woven material provided on a roof.
[0006] DE 197 52 819 A1 discloses a heat insulation element having an insulation layer, on the upper surface
of which a woven layer provided with hooks is attached by sewing. The hooks cooperate
with a non woven layer of a cover element.
[0007] Accordingly it is an object of the present invention to provide a roofing element
according to the introductory paragraph by which the disadvantages of the known roofing
elements are at least partially eliminated and wherein it is not necessary to heat
the course of bitumen over the entire area thereof or to distinguish locations where
the roofing elements must be exposed to heat so as to bond slabs of bitumen that have
been fixed to the roof and a roofing element together, or wherein the roofing elements
can be fixed to the roof in a less labourious manner. This object is achieved by the
roofing element according to claim 1. By fixing such a Velcro elements to the roof
instead of slabs of bitumen for cooperation with the back side of a roofing element,
it is no longer necessary to heat the bitumen at locations where the courses of bitumen
cover the Velcro elements. After all, the Velcro elements and their backside of the
bitumen adhere together directly after making contact with each other. Consequently
it is no longer necessary to distinguish the locations in question. On the contrary,
the bond between the courses of bitumen and the Velcro elements fixed to the roof
is effected automatically upon placement of the courses of bitumen. The Velcro elements
are provided with a protective layer upon being fixed to the roof, which layer is
removed after a course has been positioned, so that the hook side and the loop side
of the Velcro elements can only be made to adhere to each other atthat point in time.
The adhesion of the fixing layer, once effected, is sufficiently strong from the outset.
An inherent characteristic of Velcro connections is that the bond only becomes stronger
as time passes by, because an increasing number of fibres and barbs of the two Velcro
elements will engage one another. Another advantage is that the tensile strength and
thus the adhesion can be predetermined by selecting a particular specification of
a Velcro element (the numberof hooks percm
2).
[0008] The hook side is relatively expensive in comparison with the material of the loop
side that is to be engaged by the hook side of a Velcro element. In this way the comparatively
expensive hook side is locally fixed to a roof, and the comparatively inexpensive
"loop side" is provided on the entire back side, or at least on a large part of the
back side, of the roofing element.
[0009] The strip of at least 1 centimetre that is thus kept free from the material of the
fixing layer on the back side of the bitumen can be used for overlapping an adjacent
course of bitumen. When the strip of bitumen at the circumferential edge that is free
from the fixing material has a width of at least 3 centimetres, preferably 5 centimetres
and even more preferably 7 centimetres, a better overlap and thus a better adhesion
between two adjacent courses can be realised. After all, the greater the overlap,
the larger the area of adhesion between the two layers. Since no material of the fixing
layer is present, the strip can be easily fused to the portion of the adjacent course
that is overlapped by the strip in the conventional manner by means of a burner, but
it is also possible to fuse the strip and the portion overlapped by the strip together
by means of hot air or induction.
[0010] The fixing layer preferably comprises a nonwoven fibre material. Nonwoven fibre material
is very suitable for use as the loop side for engagement with the hook side of a Velcro
element, and in addition it can be provided on the back side of a course of bitumen
in a simple and inexpensive manner.
[0011] The fixing layer preferably comprises polypropylene and/or polyester. These materials
are comparatively inexpensive and have the required characteristics for functioning
as the loop side for engagement with the hook side of a Velcro element, so that a
proper adhesion between the hook side and the fixing layer is realised.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fixing layer extends to a
distance of at least 1 cm from the long side of the circumferential edge of the coating.
In this way the long side can be used for overlapping the bitumen of an adjacent roofing
element along the length thereof. Also in this case a better adhesion between two
adjacent courses can be obtained if the strip that is free from the fixing material
has a width of at least 3 centimetres, preferably 5 centimetres and even more preferably
7 centimetres.
[0013] Preferably, the fixing layer extends to a distance of at least 1 centimetre from
at least substantially the entire circumferential edge of the roofing element. To
obtain an even better adhesion, a strip width of 3 centimetres preferably 5 centimetres
and more preferably even 7 centimetres may be kept free from the fixing material.
As a result, all the edges of the roofing element are suitable for overlapping adjacent
roofing elements and subsequently fusing the overlapping portions together, and unrolling
a roll of roofing material is easy because there is no need to take into account the
side of the roll on which the strip of bitumen that is free from fixing material is
present for overlapping a previously laid course.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, an intermediate layer is provided
between the coating and the fixing layer. Said intermediate layer is a layer which
is provided on one side of a (conventional) course of bitumen so as to prevent the
upper side and the underside of the course from undesirably sticking together during
storage, for example during storage in the form of a roll. Preferably, the original
layer behaves as a bonding layer between the bitumen and the nonwoven fibre material.
[0015] To obtain an adequate bond between the bitumen and the fixing material of the fixing
layer, the intermediate layer preferably comprises a foil that is provided with perforations.
By heating the bitumen on which such an intermediate layer is provided to bond the
two layers together, bitumen can penetrate through the perforations of the relatively
thin foil, thereby enabling the fixing layer to bond directly to the bitumen.
[0016] The intermediate layer preferably comprises polyethylene. Polyethylene foil has proven
its worth as a carrier for a bituminous roofing element in practice and, in addition,
it can be readily bonded to the material, for example polypropylene in or polyester,
of which the fixing material of the fixing layer is composed.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bituminous coating has a thickness
of less than 3.8 mm, preferably less than 3.5 mm. Traditional roofing elements that
are installed on a roof in a manner as known so far have a thickness of at least about
4.0 mm in order to provide a sufficiently watertight and strong bond. In the case
of roofing elements according to the present invention, a thickness of as little as
3.0 mm will suffice, which makes it possible to realise a significant saving in costs.
This is possible because the roofing element need not be locally heated, so that there
is no risk of the bitumen locally becoming thinner due to melting. In addition to
the saving in material costs this also provides a saving in storage and transport
costs. Furthermore, a saving in installation costs can be realised, because a greater
roll length, which is bound to a maximum weight in accordance with safety, health
and welfare legislation, may now be used, thus making it possible to work more efficiently.
[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, identification means are provided,
preferably in the form of a chip, for identifying the roofing element in question.
Identification of roofing elements is advantageous in order to be able to trace roofing
elements from a specific production cycle, for example in the case of complaints.
Furthermore this makes it possible to prove that roofing elements, whether or not
installed on a roof, form part of a stolen batch.
[0019] It is preferable in that connection if the identification means comprise a transmitter
for reading of the identification from a remote location. This makes it readily possible
to trace stolen roofing elements from a remote location.
[0020] According to a second aspect thereof, the present invention further relates to a
method for manufacturing a multilayer roofing element as described above, comprising
the steps of applying a course of a bituminous layer to a layer of a nonwoven material,
wherein a strip of bitumen of at least 1 centimetre, seen from the edge of the course,
is kept free from nonwoven material on at least one side of the course, and bonding
togetherthe bitumen and the nonwoven material. Another factor that applies with regard
to this second aspect is that the strip has a width of 3 centimetres, preferably 5
centimetres and even more preferably 7 centimetres so as to realise a proper bond
between two adjacent courses of bitumen.
[0021] A method for manufacturing a multilayer roofing element in the form of a course of
bitumen to which a layer of a material otherthan bitumen is applied by laying out
a course of a bituminous layer and applying the layer of a material otherthan bitumen
thereto is known. Usually a course of a multilayer roofing element is produced in
a more or less continuous process by rolling, but the method as described in the preceding
paragraph has this advantage that it makes it possible to provide a nonwoven material
in a precise and desired manner. In the known continuous process a strip might be
kept free on a long side of the bitumen, because the course is passed through a machine
in a direction parallel to the long side. Auxiliary means will be necessary in that
case for determining the position of the course and preventing the nonwoven material
from being damaged by the machine. With the known method it is virtually impossible
to keep a strip that extends in the cross direction of the course free from nonwoven
material, however, and even in those cases in which this is possible, this would at
least require major modifications of the machine and might result in a reduced production
capacity.
[0022] By using the method according to the present invention it becomes possible to keep
specific parts of a roofing element three from the material other than bitumen. Thus
it is possible when using such a method to apply a nonwoven material to the backside
of the course, keeping a strip of bitumen of at least 1 centimetre, seen from the
edge of the course, free from the nonwoven material, and to bond the bitumen and the
nonwoven material together. Said selective application to the bitumen of a material
other than bitumen may be advantageous upon further processing of the roofing elements,
for example installation of the roofing elements on a roof.
[0023] It is preferable if an at least substantially rectangular course of bitumen is laid
out on the surface to be covered. A rectangular course thus formed can be readily
processed as a roofing element.
[0024] It is preferable in that connection if a strip of bitumen of at least 1 centimetre,
seen from the circumferential edge of the course, is kept free from nonwoven fibre
material when carrying out the step of applying a nonwoven material to the back side
of the bituminous layer. In this way acourse is produced which has an edge that is
free from nonwoven fibre material along the entire circumference thereof, and which
is thus suitable for overlapping and bonding to an adjacent course when the roofing
element is installed on a roof as discussed in the foregoing in relation to the roofing
element.
[0025] Alternatively, a fixing layer is applied to the side of the nonwoven fibre material
that is to be applied to the bituminous layer prior to the step of applying a nonwoven
fibre material to the bituminous layer, or a nonwoven fibre material is applied to
the fixing layer prior to the step of applying the nonwoven fibre material to the
bituminous layer. In this way the bituminous layer on the one hand and the bonding
layer with the fibre material present thereon on the other hand are separately produced,
after which the separately produced layers can be bonded together. It may be advantageous
for production reasons to produce the two layers separately, for example in order
to prevent fibre material from finding its way between the bitumen and the fixing
layer. Another advantage is that it is possible to apply a specifically selected fixing
layer to the back of the course of bitumen at a comparatively late stage of the production
process, which may have logistics advantages, among other advantages.
[0026] The present invention, according to a third aspect thereof, further relates to a
method for covering a roof with roofing elements, comprising the steps of fixing of
Velcro elements to a roof to be covered and attaching a roofing element according
to the first aspect of the present invention to a number of Velcro elements fixed
to the roof with a side of the roofing element that is provided with a nonwoven fibre
material. The advantages of such a method have already been discussed in the discussion
of the advantages of a roofing element according to the first aspect of the present
invention.
[0027] It is preferable in that connection if subsequently, in a next step, another roofing
element is attached to a number of Velcro elements with the side that is provided
with a nonwoven fibre material, with a strip of the roofing element that is free from
fixing material partially overlapping a previously installed roofing element.
[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Velcro elements arefixedto
the roof in staggered relationship. Said staggered arrangement is possible because
substantially the entire course of bitumen of the roofing element is provided with
a material which can be engaged by the Velcro elements that are fixed to the roof.
Once the roofing elements have been installed, it is no longer necessary to distinguish
the location of the Velcro elements, because there is no need for a subsequent treatment,
such as heating the locations in question as is done in the prior art, wherein the
roofing elements must be fused together with slabs of bitumen that are fixed to the
roof. The aforesaid staggered arrangement makes it possible to realise a better spreading
of the points of attachment of the roofing elements over the roof and thus provide
providing a better attachment of the roofing element to the roof.
[0029] The present invention will be further explained, purely by way of example, hereinafter
with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a bottom view of a multilayer roofing element according to the present
invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line II-II in figure 1; and
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a fixing method for a roofing element according to
the present invention.
[0030] Figure 1 schematically shows a bottom view of a course 1 of a roofing material comprising
a bituminous layer 2, which is largely covered with a nonwoven fibre material 3.
[0031] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line II-II in figure 1, showing the
bituminous layer 2 with a layer of a separating foil 4 provided with perforations
5, which functions as an intermediate layer, applied thereto, on which a layer of
a nonwoven fibre material 3 is present.
[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of a roof with a roofing element 11 installed
thereon. A layer of a vapour-inhibiting foil 12a with an overlying layer of an insulating
material, which is locally provided with a Velcro element 14 that forms the hook side,
has been placed on a hard surface 12. A screw 15 extends through the hook-side Velcro
element 14 and the expanded polystyrene, which screw has been screwed into the hard
surface. At the upper side, the screw 15 is surrounded by a mushroom-shaped element
16 of plastic material, on which the head of the screw engages. Present on the expanded
polystyrene 13 and the hook-side Velcro elements 14 is a roofing element 11.
[0033] Now referring to figure 1, a bottom side is shown of a roofing element according
to the present invention in the form of a course 1 of a roofing material comprising
a bituminous layer 2, a separating foil (not shown in figure 1) and a layer of a nonwoven
fibre material. The layer of nonwoven fibre material 3 extends substantially the entire
length and substantially the entire width of the bituminous layer 2, and a strip of
bitumen 2 has been kept free from the nonwoven fibre material 3 (in the present example)
at one of the long sides and one of the short sides of the course 1. The proportions
between the length and the width of the course 1 and the width of the strips that
are kept free are schematically shown in figure 1, these proportions need not correspond
to the proportions of a roofing element to be used in practice, in fact said proportions
need not even be nearly the same. The width of the strip of bitumen 2 that are kept
free will be selected so that it suffices for overlapping an adjacent course of bitumen
when used on a roof, so that said strip can be fused together with the adjacent course,
for example by means of a burner. It is also possible, however, to bond overlapping
strips according to the present invention together by means of hot air or induction.
[0034] Figure 2 is a - likewise schematic - cross-sectional view along the line II-II in
figure 1. In figure 2, the course 1 is shown in upside-down view. As figure 2 shows,
the layer of nonwoven fibre material 3 is separated from a bituminous layer 2 in the
present embodiment by means of a separating foil 4 provided with perforations 5. This
strip of bitumen 2 on the left-hand side of figure 2 that is free from the nonwoven
fibre material extends to above (and, when used on the roof, below) the layer of nonwoven
fibre material 3. This is not a requirement, however, but it is preferred in order
to be able to realise sufficient tensile strength over the entire area. The perforations
5 in the separating foil 4 allow bitumen to penetrate into the nonwoven fibre material
3 through the perforations when the course 1 is being heated for bonding the nonwoven
fibre material 3 and the bitumen 2 together. Although said penetration only takes
place to a limited extent, it provides an adequate bond between the two layers 2 and
3. The separating foil 4 may furthermore help to prevent two opposing layers of bitumen
from adhering to each other during storage of bitumen 2, for example in the form of
a roll, prior to the provision of the nonwoven fibre material 3, as a consequence
of which the roll of bitumen cannot be unrolled any more, at least not without damaging
the bitumen.
[0035] Figure 3, to conclude, shows the use of a roofing element 11 according to the present
invention on a roof. A vapour-inhibiting layer 12a, with a layer of insulating material
13 of, in this example, polystyrene (also PIR or PUR may be used), is to that end
installed on a hard surface 12 by screwing screws 15 having a large, flat head into
the hard surface 12, in this case via a mushroom-shaped element 16 having an internal
diameter which is sufficiently large for the shank of the screw 15 to extend therethrough
but which prevents the head of the screw from penetrating into the inner circumference
of the stem of the mushroom-shaped element 16. The head (not shown) of the screw may
be countersunk in the mushroom-shaped element 16. The shaft of the mushroom-shaped
element 16 is passed through the hook side of a Velcro element 14, in such a manner
that the upper side of the mushroom-shaped element 16 fixes the hook-side Velcro element
14 with respect to the surface of the insulation material. Once the expanded polystyrene
13 has thus been fixed to a roof, a hook-side Velcro element is presented at all the
locations where the expanded polystyrene 13 is fixed, together with a hook-side Velcro
element 14, by means of screws 15 and such a mushroom-shaped element 16. When a roofing
element 11 according to the present invention is placed on the expanded polystyrene
13, the nonwoven fibre material (not shown in figure 3) will be engaged by the hook-side
Velcro elements, as a result of which a connection between the nonwoven fibre material
and the hook-side of forming Velcro element is automatically effected. As is conventionally
the case with Velcro elements, the mutual bond between the hook side and the nonwoven
fibre material will be effected directly upon making contact. To prevent the roofing
element 11 from adhering to the hook side prematurely upon being positioned, the hook
side of the mushroom-shaped element 16 is provided with a protective foil, which is
not removed until the roofing element is correctly oriented. The contact between the
roofing element 11 and the mushroom-shaped element 16 that is thus made possible directly
leads to a good bond between the two. After some time, especially after the exertion
of a pressure at the location of the connection between the nonwoven fibre material
and the hook-side Velcro element, the engagement between the hook-side Velcro element
and the nonwoven fibre material will become stronger. The strength of the connection
can be predetermined, inter alia, by the selection of materials, and Velcro elements
comprising comparatively many hook elements and many loop elements will form a comparatively
stronger connection than Velcro elements comprising relatively few hook elements and
relatively few loop elements per unit area.
[0036] Only a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and discussed in
the figures and the above description. The figures and the description by no means
limit the scope of the present invention, however, which is determined by the appended
claims. Several variants are available to those skilled in the art, which variants
must be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Thus, in those cases where the term "nonwoven fibre material" is used herein, it is
also possible to use any other material that is capable of providing a loop side of
a Velcro element. It is of course possible to mutually exchange Velcro elements with
a side and Velcro elements with a loop side, in the sense that the elements having
a hook side are provided with a loop side and vice versa.
1. A multilayer roofing element (1) comprising a bituminous coating (2) and a back side
that comprises a material other than bitumen, the back side comprising a fixing layer
extending substantially the entire length and substantially the entire width of the
bituminous coating (2) and is suitable for engagement by the hook side (14) of a Velcro
element that is fixed to the roof, the roofing element (1) having a rectangular circumferential
edge, characterised in that the fixing layer (3) extends to a distance of at least 1 centimetre from the circumferential
edge of the coating (2) on at least one side of the rectangle. Keeping a strip of
bitumen of at least 1 cm free from the material other than bitumen.
2. A roofing element according to claim 1, characterised in that the fixing layer comprises a nonwoven fibre material (3).
3. A roofing element according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the fixing layer preferably comprises polypropylene and/or polyester.
4. A roofing element according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the fixing layer extends to a distance of at least 1 centimetre from the long side
of the circumferential edge of the coating (2).
5. A roofing element according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the fixing layer extends to a distance of at least 1 centimetre from at least substantially
the entire circumferential edge of the roofing element.
6. A roofing element according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that an intermediate layer is provided between the coating (2) and the fixing layer.
7. A roofing element according to claim 6, characterised in that the intermediate layer comprises a foil (4) that is provided with perforations (5).
8. A roofing element according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the intermediate layer comprises PE.
9. A roofing element according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the bituminous coating (2) has a thickness of less than 3.8 mm.
10. A roofing element according to claim 9, characterised in that the bituminous coating (2) has a thickness of less than 3.5 mm.
11. A roofing element according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that identification means are provided for identifying the roofing element in question.
12. A roofing element according to claim 11, characterised in that the identification means comprise a chip.
13. A roofing element according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the identification means comprise a transmitter for reading of the identification
from a remote location.
14. A method for manufacturing a multilayer roofing element (1) according to any one or
more of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of applying a course of a bituminous
layer (2) to a layer of a nonwoven material (3), wherein a strip of bitumen of at
least 1 centimetre, seen from the edge of the course, is kept free from nonwoven material
(3) on at least one side of the course, and bonding together the bitumen and the nonwoven
material (3).
15. A method according to claim 14, characterised in that at least substantially rectangular course of bitumen is laid out on the surface to
be covered.
16. A method according to claim 14 or 15, characterised in that a strip of bitumen of at least 1 centimetre, seen from the circumferential edge of
the course, is kept free from nonwoven fibre material (3) when carrying out the step
of applying a nonwoven material (3) to the back side of the bituminous layer.
17. A method according to any one of the claims 14-16, characterised in that an intermediate layer is applied to the nonwoven fibre material (3), prior to the
step of applying bitumen, for the purpose of adhering the nonwoven fibre material
(3) thereto.
18. A method for covering a roof with roofing elements (1, 11), comprising the steps of
fixing of Velcro elements (14), with the hook side facing upwards, to a roof to be
covered and attaching a roofing element (1, 11) according to any one or more of the
claims 1-13 to a number of the Velcro elements (14) fixed to the roof with a side
of the roofing element that is provided with a nonwoven fibre material (3).
19. A method according to claim 18, characterised in that subsequently, in a next step, another roofing element according to any one or more
of the claims 1-13 is attached to a number of the Velcro elements (14) with the side
that is provided with a nonwoven fibre material (3), with a strip of the roofing element
that is free from fixing material partially overlapping a previously installed roofing
element.
20. A method according to claim 18 or 19, characterised in that the Velcro elements (14) are fixed to the roof in staggered relationship.
1. Mehrschichtiges Dachelement (1) mit einer bituminösen Beschichtung (2) und einer Rückseite,
die ein anderes Material als Bitumen umfasst, wobei die Rückseite eine Befestigungsschicht
umfasst, die sich im Wesentlichen über die gesamte Länge und im Wesentlichen die gesamte
Breite der bituminösen Beschichtung (2) erstreckt und in welche die Häkchenseite (14)
eines an dem Dach befestigten Klettelements eingreifen kann, wobei das Dachelement
(1) einen rechteckigen Umfangsrand besitzt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Befestigungsschicht (3) bis auf einen Abstand von mindestens 1 Zentimeter
vom Umfangsrand der Beschichtung (2) auf mindestens einer Seite des Rechtecks erstreckt,
wobei ein Streifen aus Bitumen von mindestens 1 Zentimeter frei von einem anderen
Material als Bitumen gehalten wird.
2. Dachelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Befestigungsschicht ein Faservliesmaterial (3) umfasst.
3. Dachelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Befestigungsschicht vorzugsweise Polypropylen und/oder Polyester umfasst.
4. Dachelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Befestigungsschicht bis auf einen Abstand von mindestens 1 Zentimeter von
der Längsseite des Umfangsrandes der Beschichtung (2) erstreckt.
5. Dachelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Befestigungsschicht bis auf einen Abstand von mindestens 1 Zentimeter von
zumindest im Wesentlichen dem gesamten Umfangsrand des Dachelements erstreckt.
6. Dachelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Zwischenschicht zwischen der Beschichtung (2) und der Befestigungsschicht vorgesehen
ist.
7. Dachelement nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenschicht eine Folie (4) umfasst, die mit Perforationen (5) versehen ist.
8. Dachelement nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenschicht PE umfasst.
9. Dachelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die bituminöse Beschichtung (2) eine Dicke von weniger als 3,8 mm hat.
10. Dachelement nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die bituminöse Beschichtung (2) eine Dicke von weniger als 3,5 mm hat.
11. Dachelement nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Identifikationsmittel vorgesehen sind, um das fragliche Dachelement zu identifizieren.
12. Dachelement nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Identifikationsmittel einen Chip umfassen.
13. Dachelement nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Identifikationsmittel einen Sender umfassen, um die Identifikation von einem
entfernten Ort auszulesen.
14. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrschichtigen Dachelements (1) nach einem oder mehreren
der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit den folgenden Schritten: Aufbringen einer Lage einer
bituminösen Schicht (2) auf eine Schicht eines Vliesmaterials (3), wobei ein Streifen
Bitumen von mindestens 1 Zentimeter, gesehen vom Rand der Lage, auf mindestens einer
Seite der Lage von Vliesmaterial (3) freigehalten wird, und Zusammenkleben des Bitumens
und des Vliesmaterials (3).
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine zumindest im Wesentlichen rechteckige Lage Bitumen auf der zu bedeckenden Oberfläche
ausgelegt wird.
16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Streifen Bitumen von mindestens 1 Zentimeter, gesehen vom Umfangsrand der Lage,
bei der Durchführung des Schrittes des Aufbringens eines Vliesmaterials (3) auf die
Rückseite der bituminösen Schicht von Faservliesmaterial (3) freigehalten wird.
17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 14-16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Schritt des Aufbringens von Bitumen eine Zwischenschicht auf das Faservliesmaterial
(3) aufgebracht wird, um das Faservliesmaterial (3) daran festzukleben.
18. Verfahren zum Bedecken eines Daches mit Dachelementen (1, 11), mit den Schritten des
Befestigens von Klettelementen (14), mit der Häkchenseite nach oben, an einem zu bedeckenden
Dach und des Befestigens eines Dachelements (1, 11) nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche
1-13 an einer Anzahl der Klettelemente (14), die mit einer Seite des Dachelements,
die mit einem Faservliesmaterial (3) versehen ist, an dem Dach befestigt sind.
19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass anschließend, in einem nächsten Schritt, ein weiteres Dachelement nach einem oder
mehreren der Ansprüche 1-13 mit der Seite, die mit einem Faservliesmaterial (3) versehen
ist, an einer Anzahl der Klettelemente (14) befestigt wird, wobei ein Streifen des
Dachelements, der frei von Befestigungsmaterial ist, ein zuvor angebrachtes Dachelement
teilweise überlappt.
20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18 oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Klettelemente (14) versetzt zueinander an dem Dach befestigt sind.
1. Elément de toiture multicouches (1) comprenant un revêtement bitumineux (2) et un
côté arrière qui comprend un matériau différent du bitume, le côté arrière comprenant
une couche de fixation s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la longueur et sensiblement
sur toute la largeur du revêtement bitumineux (2), et adapté pour se mettre en prise
par le côté à crochet (14) d'un élément Velcro qui est fixé au toit, l'élément de
toiture (1) ayant un bord circonférentiel rectangulaire, caractérisé en ce que la couche de fixation (3) s'étend sur une distance d'au moins 1 centimètre par rapport
au bord circonférentiel du revêtement (2) sur au moins un côté du rectangle, en gardant
une bande de bitume d'au moins 1 centimètre exempts de matériaux autres que le bitume.
2. Elément de toiture selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de fixation comprend un matériau en fibre non tissé (3).
3. Elément de toiture selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce que la couche de fixation comprend de préférence du polypropylène et/ou du polyester.
4. Elément de toiture selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce que la couche de fixation s'étend sur une distance d'au moins 1 centimètre du côté long
du bord circonférentiel du revêtement (2) .
5. Elément de toiture selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce que la couche de fixation s'étend sur une distance d'au moins 1 centimètre par rapport
à au moins sensiblement tout le bord circonférentiel de l'élément de toiture.
6. Elément de toiture selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce qu'une couche intermédiaire est ménagée entre le revêtement (2) et la couche de fixation.
7. Elément de toiture selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la couche intermédiaire comprend une feuille (4) dotée de perforations (5).
8. Elément de toiture selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la couche intermédiaire comprend du PE.
9. Elément de toitue selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce que le revêtement bitumineux (2) a une épaisseur inférieure à 3,8 mm.
10. Elément de toiture selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement bitumineux (2) a une épaisseur inférieure à 3,5 mm.
11. Elément de toiture selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce que moyens d'identification sont fournis pour indentifier l'élément de toiture en question.
12. Elément de toiture selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'identification comprennent une puce.
13. Elément de toiture selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'identification comprennent un émetteur pour lire l'identification à
partir d'un emplacement éloigné.
14. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de toiture multicouche (1) selon l'une quelconque
ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, comprenant les étapes consistant à appliquer
une couche d'un revêtement bitumineux (2) sur une couche de matériau non tissé (3),
dans lequel une bande de bitume d'au moins 1 centimètre, vue depuis le bord de la
couche, reste dénuée de matériau non tissé (3) sur au moins un côté de la couche,
et en collant ensemble le bitume et le matériau non tissé (3).
15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une couche sensiblement rectangulaire du bitume est disposée sur la surface
à recouvrir.
16. Procédé selon la revendication 14 ou 15, caractérisé en ce qu'une bande de bitume d'au moins 1 centimètre, vue depuis le bord circonférentiel de
la couche, reste dénuée de matériau de fibre non tissé (3) lors de la réalisation
de l'étape d'application d'un matériau non tissé (3) sur le côté arrière de la couche
bitumineuse.
17. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14-16, caractérisé en ce qu'une couche intermédiaire est appliquée au matériau de fibre non tissé (3), avant l'étape
d'application de bitume, dans le but de faire adhérer le matériau de fibres non tissé
(3) dessus.
18. Procédé de couverture d'un toit avec des éléments de toiture (1, 11) comprenant les
étapes consistant à fixer les éléments Velcro (14) avec le côté crochet orienté vers
le haut, à un toit à recouvrir et à fixer un élément de toiture (1, 11) selon une
ou plusieurs des revendications 1-13, à un certain nombre des éléments Velcro (14)
fixés au toit, un côté de l'élément de toiture étant doté d'un matériau de fibre non
tissé (3).
19. Procédé selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce qu'ensuite, dans une prochaine étape, un autre élément de toiture selon une ou plusieurs
des revendications 1-13 est fixé à un certain nombre des éléments Velcro (14), avec
le côté qui est doté d'un matériau de fibre non tissé (3), avec une bande d'élément
de toiture qui est dénué de matériau de fixation recouvrant partiellement un élément
de toiture précédemment installé.
20. Procédé selon la revendication 18 ou 19, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de Velcro (14) sont fixés au toit selon une relation en quinconce.
REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only.
It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has
been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and
the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.
Patent documents cited in the description