Introduction
[0001] The present invention relates to a cable drum with an arch compensator for an intervention
string. More specifically the invention comprises a device for relative motion between
a cable and a cable drum within a frame in order to keep a constant or very low fleet
angle for the winding or unwinding string. In one embodiment the drum is arranged
to move axially within the frame. In another embodiment the cable is moved laterally
relative to the drum.
Background art and problems related thereto
[0002] In well intervention operations using a string spooled externally onto drum while
using an intervention string laying guide imposing a fleet angle is used. The laying
guide shifts the intervention string laterally and imposes a fleet angle on the string.
A fleet angle variation with otherwise constant drum rotation speed and string speed
usually incurs a tension variation which is undesired. Several of the published patents
comprise a drum with a pivotable rotational axis so as for maintaining the cable near
the perpendicular line to the drum.
[0003] US3524606 Cable reel mounting, describes a drum for lowering and hauling a cable through a
set of horizontal guide rollers on top of a vertical pipe. The drum axis is arranged
pivotable so as for allowing the cable to run tangentially between the drum and the
rollers for all lateral positions of the cable on the drum, so as for reducing fleet
angle variation of the cable relative to the drum.
[0004] US3690409 describes another pivotable drum arranged for keeping the fleet angle close to the
perpendicular line of the drum by shifting the ends of the drum axially while the
cable is wound or unwound. An advantage of
US3690409 is an increased allowable axial length of the drum and thus an increased cable length
capacity.
[0005] GB2296001 describes a winch apparatus for deploying or taking in line over a pulley arranged
at a distance from the drum. The drum axis is pivotable so as for maintaining the
fleet angle of the line near the perpendicular.
[0006] WO2006/027553 Richards describes a drum wherein the incoming line runs via a diamond screw controlled
line guide which lays the cable with a fleet angle nearly perpendicularly on the drum.
The diamond screw controlled line guide allows for the line to be directed parallel
with the drum axis.
[0007] DE19942608 Becker describes a winch with an axially translating wire drum with a single ply.
The axial translation for the wire drum is for guiding the wire in through a fixed
entry position of the winch, while the drum is alternating along its axis.
[0008] WO2010/117162 also describes such an axially translating drum in a frame with a fixed entry point.
[0009] US7753344 to Moretz also describes an axially translating drum in a winch housing with a centrally
arranged fixed entry position on the housing.
[0010] US2810439 McCullough describes a wellhead winch with an axially translating drum in a winch
housing, wherein the winch housing is arranged for being connected under pressure
to the wellhead.
[0011] EP0571207 describes a winch assembly with a translating drum and a fairlead for guiding the
wire onto the drum under a desired fleet angle.
[0012] Another problem in the prior art is related to relative speed variations between
the drum and the injector head. If we try and stop an intervention string during a
hauling operation running the string out of the well, we run the risk of damaging
the cable or the injector head very quickly. This is due to the inertia of the different
components involved, because the injector head motors move less mass and are much
faster to respond than the spooling unit motor which rotates a drum of considerable
rotational inertia. Conversely, while feeding the intervention string into the well
and suddenly stop it, the rotational inertia of the large drum with its coiled-up
string means that it will continue to try and give out cable despite the injector
head has already stopped the cable. The usual way of compensating for such speed differences
often used in coiled tubing rig ups is to let the coiled tubing travelling through
the air, so when it is stopped or started quickly the length of the free air arch
changes to compensate. However a free travel of the intervention string hanging in
an arch between the injector head's gooseneck and the spooling unit may not be desirable
both from safety considerations both to operators or mechanical damage, particularly
when the distance is large and swinging movements of the string may be considerable.
[0013] If an internal laying drum is used, and the injection head is running the cable into
the well and suddenly stops, the inertia of the large drum means that it will continue
to try and give out the rigid cable even though the injector head has already stopped.
This may damage the cable through longitudinal compression with subsequent buckling
or dislocation.
[0014] FR2843954 discloses a drum unit according to the preamble of claim 1.
Brief summary of the invention
[0015] The above problems may be remedied through use of the present invention. The invention
is a drum unit (T) for an intervention string (0) for a well, comprising:
- a drum (1) for said intervention string (0) with a drum axis (10) and with a radius
(R), arranged in a structural frame (2) and rotatable by a motor (22);
- a tension compensator (3) for said intervention string (0),
- wherein said tension compensator (3) comprises a guide arch (31) displaceable in a
direction generally along the intervention string (0), orthogonal to said drum axis
(10), using a first force device (6, 6B, 62B) connected to said structural frame (2)
for keeping said intervention string (0) in tension;
- wherein at least a first end (31A) of said guide arch (31) is laterally displaceable
in a direction generally orthogonal to said intervention string, parallel with said
drum axis (10),
- wherein said intervention string (0) runs between said guide arch (31) to or from
said first end (31A) to said drum (1);
- wherein said intervention string (0) runs via a second, opposite end (31B) of said
guide arch (31) via a second, fixed guide (5) at said structural frame (1), directly
or indirectly to or from said well.
[0016] Further features of the invention are given in the dependent claims attached.
Brief figure captions
[0017] The invention is illustrated in the attached drawings, wherein
Fig. 1 is an isometric view of a drum unit (T) according to the invention, with an
intervention string partly wound up onto the drum. The intervention string is for
a well. The drum is driven by a motor. The drum unit is provided with a compensator
for keeping a desired tension level in the intervention string (3) during the running
of the drum. Further, the compensator arm is arranged laterally displaceable driven
by an actuator, in a direction perpendicularly to the string for laying the string
in a controlled way onto the drum. The entire drum apparatus is arranged in a steel
frame. The intervention string may be a carbon fibre reinforced relatively stiff cable,
or an ordinary intervention string or coiled tubing, is shown running out (or in)
to the drum unit.
Fig. 1B is a top view of the same embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 1B.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation view of a similar embodiment of the drum unit of the invention,
with the frame (2) with the drum in the left frame part 2A , and the compensator shown
in the right frame portion 2B. The two frame portions may in an embodiment be split
for being transported separately. A difference between this embodiment and the embodiment
of Fig. 1 is the position of attachment of the compensator tension mechanism (6).
Fig. 3 is a side elevation view of the frame, the drum and the compensator according
to the invention, with a generally closed guideway comprising bending restrictors
laid horizontally and over a gooseneck to an injector head on a well.
Fig. 4 shows end views with two different layup patterns on a drum according to the
invention.
Fig. 5 shows a top view of a drum unit according to the invention, and a perspective
view, an end view as seen from the compensator arch's end, and a side view, all with
the compensator arch in a retracted position closest to the drum, and with the compensator
arch displaced to one side of the drum.
Fig. 6 shows the same as Fig. 5 except for the compensator arch being retracted to
an extended position relative to the drum.
Fig. 7 shows a separate frame section (2B) with the compensator arch, as seen from
the main drum frame section (2A) position.
Embodiments of the invention
[0018] The invention is illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a drum unit (T) for an intervention
string for a well, in particular a petroleum well. The drum unit comprises the following
main features:
- A drum (1) with a radius (R) for the intervention string (0), the drum (1) arranged
in a structural frame (2) and rotatable by a motor (22). The drum (1) has a radius
(R) equal to or larger than a smallest allowable bending radius (R0) for the intervention
string. For carbon fibre reinforced intervention rods of radii 08 mm to 015 mm used
by the applicant, the smallest allowable bending radius (R0) may be between 0.5 m
and 2 m. The diameter of the drum should thus be >= 2R0, between 1 m and 4 m. The
drum (1) should be accommodated to the largest of these and have a diameter of 4.0
m so the typical height of the frame would be larger than the drum, e.g. 4.2 m. Such
a drum may accommodate a cable length of 10 kilometres for a ø10 mm cable. Cables
such as composite fibre reinforced cables or other wireline cables intended for use
on the drum may have diameters varying from 8 mm to 15 mm. A long synthetic fibre
cable may thus be injected by means of a drum unit and a wellhead injector into a
wellhead and extended to near the end of a laterally deviated well. The drum unit
is provided with a tension compensator arch of which a first end is laterally displaceable
in the direction of the drum. Thus we achieve controlled winding relative of the intervention
string (0) in that the intervention string may run in a controlled line relative to
the drum (1) in the structural frame (2) during the laying of the intervention string
(0) onto the drum (1). The intervention string is thus shifted laterally to the left
and right onto the drum during receiving or feeding out the intervention string. A
lateral angle on the intervention string, which is almost generally avoided with the
present invention, is called a fleet angle. A fleet angle variation with otherwise
constant drum rotation speed and string speed usually incurs a tension variation,
and the absence of a fleet angle away from the perpendicular line, and its cable tension
variation is taken up by the compensator arch moving a small length in and out with
the varying entry point onto the drum. Such tension variations would otherwise have
required that the intervention string had to be operated at a lower maximal tension
onto the drum than by the present invention. The alternative of running the drum at
a speed varying with the fleet angle is prohibitive if the drum is large.
[0019] Fig. 5 illustrates the compensator arch in a retracted position closest to the drum,
and with the compensator arch displaced to one side of the drum. The fleet angles
between the string and the compensator arm is below 1.6 degrees and the arm is laid
over 8 degrees or less laterally.
[0020] Fig. 6 shows the same as Fig. 5 except for the compensator arch being retracted to
an extended position relative to the drum. The fleet angle out of the compensator
arch's top is 1.5 degrees or less, and the compensator arch is 8 degrees or less inclined
laterally.
[0021] The width (aial length) of the drum (1) should be less than or equal to 1/1 of the
internal width of the frame. In the present invention an embodiment has a drum width
of about 1/3 as illustrated, i.e. 0.84 m. The maximal width of the drum is the entire
width of the frame; e.g. about 2.5 m. Such a widening of the drum would incur significantly
larger maximal lateral deviation angles for the compensator arch, and somewhat increased
fleet angles out of the compensator arch for the increased lateral extension, particularly
in the retracted position.
[0022] The tension compensator (3) is for keeping a desired tension in the intervention
string (0) during the running of the intervention string onto and out of the drum
(1). The compensator tightens the intervention string or yields when speed variations
between the injector head's feeding speed and the speed of the drum occur. The tension
compensator (3) also yields when it moves away from the central plane of the drum
in order to compensate for tension variations which could be compared to an otherwise
varying fleet angle.
[0023] The drum shall operate as a slave subordinate to the injector head.
[0024] The tension compensator (3) comprises a guide arch (31) for guiding the intervention
string (0). The radius (Rg) for the intervention string (0)'s path along the guide
arch (31) is larger or equal to the least allowable bending radius (R0) for the intervention
string (0). In an embodiment the radius may be the same for the guide arch and for
the drum. The guide arch (31) is displaceable to and from the drum, i.e. in a direction
orthogonal to said drum axis (10), by means of a "force device" (6) attached to the
structural frame (2), i.e. a spring or an actuator or a combination of the two. Other
varieties of a force device may be used. In an embodiment of the invention the neutral
plane of the guide arch (31) is a central vertical plane through the frame (2) and
the drum as seen in Fig. 1B, wherein the guide arch (31) is deviated to one side of
the drum.
- The intervention string (0) runs between a first end (31A) of the guide arch (31)
and a tangential point on the drum (1), please see the upper part of the guide arch
in Fig. 1 or 2. The tension compensator (3) comprises a guide arch (31) displaceable
in a direction generally along the intervention string (0), orthogonal to said drum
axis (10), using a first force device (6, 6B, 62B) connected to said structural frame
(2) for keeping said intervention string (0) in tension. A first guide (4) may be
arranged moving in synchrone with the lateral movement of the guide arch. The first
guide (4) may be arranged on said first end (31A) of the guide arch (31) or actuator-driven
laterally on the frame.
- The intervention string (0) runs via a second, opposite end (31B) of the guide arch
(31) via a second, fixed guide (5) at the structural frame (1), please see the lower
left part of the frame in Fig. 1, indirectly to the well.
[0025] In an embodiment of the invention the drum unit according to the invention, the guide
arch is provided with a second force device (37), please see Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig.
6, for moving said first end (31A) laterally so as for steering said intervention
string onto said drum (1).
[0026] In an embodiment of the invention, the drum unit according to the invention, the
base of said drum (1) is provided with a groove (11) so as for guiding the base layer
of the intervention string into a desired pattern on the drum. The inventors have
during prototype experiments discovered that with such a groove (11) in the base of
the drum, this feature may make the second force device redundant, as the incoming
intervention string is steered onto the drum by the groove when winding up the base
layer onto the drum, and then steers itself laterally for the subsequent string layers
onto the drum, and all the time moves the guide arch's first end (31A) along with
it with a very small fleet angle. The drum may in this embodiment be provided with
a Lebus helical groove along the base so as for steering the first layer of the cable
into an even pattern. The next layer on the drum will lay itself neatly onto the base
layer, and so on. In this embodiment the inventors have discovered that the compensator
arm does not have to be provided with the lateral displacement actuator (37), but
winds up nicely with the intervention string turns wound side by side. However, this
embodiment may readily be combined with the embodiment above for assuring that the
intervention string will go into a desired laying pattern, such as a dense laying
pattern with the string always laid side-by-side for the densest layering, or in other
desired patterns such as shown in Figs. 4.
[0027] In an embodiment of the invention the curve radius of said guide arch (31) is smaller
near its lower second end (31B) and increases towards it upper, first end (31A). This
has been tried on the prototype and reduces the string tension slightly when hauling
in on the drum, which is advantageous for reducing the laying tension.
Advantages
[0028] The fleet angle onto the drum will be negligible when the first, top end (31A) of
the guide arch (31) guides the laying onto the drum (1) the intervention string (0).
The guide arch will, given the dimensions of the drum, arch and frame shown in Fig.
5A be pivoted laterally up to 8 degrees left or right for the laying to reach the
flanges of the drum. This will slightly twist the intervention string (0), minimally,
and the twist may easily be taken up anywhere between the lower end (31B) of the guide
arch (31) and the second, fixed guide (5) which is the entry point for the intervention
string (0) on the fixed frame (2). Additionally, a wider drum may be used than the
1/3 or 1/2 width drum illustrated: A full width drum may be used.
[0029] Bending of the cable is very small, and more importantly one avoids the variations
in tension with varying fleet angle because the "curved fleet angle" provided with
the laterally moving compensator arm is, as its name indicates, compensated by in-line
variation of the position of the compensator arm. The lateral force required to steer
the cable into its desired position of the drum is negligible and facilitates the
laying of the cable to an appropriate position to facilitate the correct desired spooling
pattern of the string member.
[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the drum is an external laying drum, as
shown in the drawings. The laying pattern may be plain, side by side without any crossings
as illustrated in Fig. 1 for fully utilizing the capacity of the drum, or laid in
a braided pattern with one or more crossings per revolution if another pattern is
desired, as illustrated by two examples in Fig. 4.
[0031] In an embodiment of the invention the guide arch (31) is arranged linearly displaceable,
i.e. it translates to and from the drum. In another embodiment it is displaceable
by being pivoted about a first, upper, or second, lower axis (32, 33) arranged in
the frame (1).
[0032] In an embodiment of the invention guide arch (32) may be constituted by a rotating
sheave wheel that can translate back and forth, and be pivotable about the axis of
the incoming cable. However, a significant advantage of using an approximately 180
degrees arch (32) as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is the considerably reduced space
requirement compared to a full sheave.
[0033] The force device (6) may in an embodiment of the invention comprise a spring mechanism
(61). The force device (6) may alternatively or in addition to a spring mechanism
comprise a pneumatic, hydraulic or electrical actuator (62). In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
a hydraulic piston embodiment is shown.
[0034] The drum (1) is according to an embodiment arranged in bearings on an auxiliary frame
(21). The auxiliary frame may, if it is narrower than the frame, be mouunted on transverse
rails (25) arranged in the lower structure of the structural frame (1).
[0035] The drum unit according to the invention is in an embodiment provided with one or
more string tension feeder units (41, 41A, 41B) arranged either on the compensator
arm or on the structural frame (2). The string tension feeder units exert at least
a minimally required tension on the intervention string (0) outwardly directed from
said drum (1) and are arranged for feeding the intervention string (0) in a desired
direction outwardly from or inwardly to said drum (1). The tension feeder unit (41)
shall preferably be employed during rigging and connection to the injector head (8).
When the injector head on the well has received the intervention string (0) the tension
feeder units may be set in freewheel mode or disconnected. However, the tension feeder
units may be operated during feeding out the rather stiff intervention string from
the drum in order to prevent the string from raising off the drum. Speed differences
between the drum and the string would be taken up by the compensator guide arch of
the invention anyway.
[0036] In an embodiment of the invention, the drum unit (T) is provided with a tension feeder
unit (41A) arranged at a first guide (4) for said string, said tension feeder unit
(41A) arranged laterally moving with said first end (31A) of said guide arch (31).
[0037] In an embodiment of the invention said tension feeder unit (41A) is arranged at said
first guide (4) arranged on said first end (31A) of said tension compensator (3).
[0038] In an embodiment, the tension feeder unit (41A) at said first guide (4) is arranged
laterally displaceable on said structural frame (2), said tension feeder unit (41A)
arranged laterally moving in lateral synchronous operation with said first end (31A)
of said guide arch (31). In an embodiment the syncrhonous operation may be governed
by means of an actuator (41C).
[0039] Said tension feeder unit (41A, 41B) may comprise two or more motorised rollers or
belts (42) oppositely arranged on either sides of said intervention string's (0) path
and arranged for gripping and exerting a longitudinally directed force on said intervention
string (0).
[0040] According to an embodiment of the invention a tension feeder unit (41B) is arranged
by the second, fixed guide (5), please see Fig. 1. This will allow the end of the
intervention string, or a whip attached to the end of the string, to be held at this
point of the frame structure when the intervention string is hauled in all the way
to the frame (2). This tension feeder unit (41B) may operate alone and may hold an
outer end or "whip" of the intervention string (0) by said frame (2) when the intervention
string (0) is entirely coiled in onto the drum. Then, however, with the string laid
over the compensator arch, the structural frame (2) may not be split into two parts,
a drum frame (2A) and a compensator frame (2B) because the whip or outer end of the
intervention string (0) still is laid around the guide arch (31) and locks it in place.
[0041] Fig. 7 shows a separate frame section (2B) with the compensator arch, as seen from
the main drum frame section (2A) position. The cabinets shown in the right and left
lower portions may provide space for control units, hydraulic brake or motor units,
and hydraulic units for the compensator arm. The placement near the lower fixed point
of the arm gives ample space for the lateral movement of the compensator arch.
[0042] However, if the whip or outer end of the intervention string is allowed to be pulled
further in onto the drum and locked in a first tension feeder unit (41A), and this
is arranged at the drum frame (2A), further in relative to the guide arch (31), the
guide arch (31) and the compensator frame (2B) are free may and may be disconnected,
please see below. Then the structural frame (2) may be disassembled into a drum frame
(2A) and a compensator frame (2B) and allow them to be transported as two separate
parts.
[0043] In an embodiment of the invention the first tension feeder unit (41A) is arranged
at said first guide (4).
[0044] The tension feeder unit (41A, 41B) may in an embodiment comprise two motorised rollers
or belts (42) oppositely arranged on either sides of said intervention string's (0)
path and arranged for gripping and exerting a longitudinally directed force on said
intervention string, please se the insert detail in the upper left portion of Fig.
1.
[0045] Braking using the motorised rollers or belts will generate heat irrespective of the
motorised rollers use hydraulic or electric energy. As the brakes are small and there
is a risk that they must brake for extensive lengths, large amounts of heat may be
generated. The heat generated by the braking may be taken out in a hydraulic brake
resistor (43) which may dissipate the heat away from the brake itself.
[0046] In an embodiment of the invention, an intervention string guide channel (7) of fixed
length may be arranged between the second fixed guide (5) and an injector head (8)
on said well, please see Fig. 3. The guide channel may comprise at least two bend
restrictors (71) for the intervention string (0). The guide channel (7) including
the bend restrictors (71) is preferably closed due to safety considerations. This
has clear advantages; personnel and cranes cannot interfere directly with any running
intervention string. The guide channel (7) may advantageously comprise pipes of fixed
shape in combination with bend restrictors. In this manner the drum unit may be placed
far from the injector head and the guide channel may be laid along deck and guided
along inclined paths through fixed pipe sections without requiring much space along
its path. The guide channel (7) may advantageously be lined with a Teflon pipe in
order to reduce friction and wear.
[0047] As an alternative to the use of the drum unit being placed separate from the wellhead
injector as shown in Fig. 3, in an embodiment of the invention the drum unit may be
connected directly on the well so as for the intervention string to run directly from
said fixed guide (5) of the structural frame (2) to the injector head (8), i.e. that
the structural frame (2) to be arranged directly above the injector head (8).
[0048] The intervention string (0) is a relatively rigid fibre reinforced cable (01), generally
of a slick carbon fibre type, or a coiled tubing (02) or an otherwise slick metal
string (03). The intervention string may comprise an electrical conductor, a fluid
communication line, a signal fibre, or combinations of two or all of those.
[0049] The drum unit illustrated in Fig. 1 has a typical length of 7.14 m, a height of 4.20
m, and a width of 2.49 m. The total length of the unit may prove impractical for transport.
In an embodiment the drum unit's structural frame (2) is assembled from a drum frame
(2A) and a compensator frame (2B) which may be disconnected and reassembled.
[0050] The guide arch (32) is in an embodiment of the invention provided with a series of
small sheaves (34) along its radially outward facing arch length for supporting and
guiding the intervention string (0). The sheaves guide the intervention string and
reduces friction between the string and the guide arch. As the string runs externally
along the arch on the sheaves the arch must keep the intervention string in a tension
sufficient for the string to bend into the bending radius of the intervention arch.
This is obtained using the force device (6) to take up any slack of the string. Additionally,
the tension of the string may be controlled using the first and second guides' (4,
5) tensioner rollers.
[0051] As mentioned above, the compensator must tighten or yield the intervention string
when speed variations between the injector head's feeding speed and the speed of the
drum occur. Further, the drum shall operate as a slave subordinate to the injector
head. To achieve this, the drum unit is in an embodiment provided with a control system
(CS) arranged for receiving control signals from a higher order control system for
the injector head (8) on the wellhead. The higher order control system sends commands
for feeding down, halting, or hauling up the intervention string. Further, the control
system sets the speed required for the intervention string (0) accordingly. The control
system is arranged for coordinating the movements of the intervention string on the
drum (1) with the movement of the intervention string running through the injector
head (8). As the two have different inertia, differences during injection and hauling
are taken up by using the compensator. After having compensated for a reduced tension
in the string due to high rotational inertia of the drum and coiled-up string when
the injector head suddenly reduces its speed, the compensator arch is run outwardly
relative to the drum axis. If, conversely, the injector head increases its injection
speed, the compensator arch may be allowed to run inwardly in order for allowing the
drum to catch up, and subsequently the compensator arch is returned to near a neutral
middle position in order for meeting a subsequent need for slacking or tensioning
the string.
[0052] The above described embodiments may all be combined except when mutually exclusive.
An example of mutually exclusive combinations is the fact that a rigid guide arch
(31) cannot be arranged pivotable about both the upper and the lower axis (32, 33)
at the same time, because the guide arch then would be locked in place.
[0053] As mentioned under the initial presentation of problems related to prior art, problems
caused by relative speed variations between the drum and the injector head may be
remedied using a free hanging cable between the gooseneck and the drum. However, the
inertia problems become more apparent if a string channel of fixed length outside
the wellhead, e.g. with a series of bend restrictors is used, because this creates
a fixed distance between the spooling unit and injector head, and this requires compensation
for speed variations. In such situations the tension compensator of the invention
becomes a significant advantage.
[0054] The present invention has been indicated as a drum unit (T) for an intervention string
(0) for a well. First and foremost a petroleum well is the intended area of use, but
a geothermal well or a water well is also possible.
1. A drum unit (T) for an intervention string (0) for a well, comprising:
- a drum (1) for said intervention string (0) with a drum axis (10) and with a radius
(R), arranged in a structural frame (2) and rotatable by a motor (22);
- a tension compensator (3) for said intervention string (0),
- wherein said tension compensator (3) comprises a guide arch (31) displaceable in
a direction generally along the intervention string (0), orthogonal to said drum axis
(10), using a first force device (6, 6B, 62B) connected to said structural frame (2)
for keeping said intervention string (0) in tension;
- characterised in that at least a first end (31A) of said guide arch (31) is laterally displaceable in a
direction generally orthogonal to said intervention string, parallel with said drum
axis (10),
- wherein said intervention string (0) runs between said guide arch (31) to or from
said first end (31A) to said drum (1);
- wherein said intervention string (0) runs via a second, opposite end (31B) of said
guide arch (31) via a second, fixed guide (5) at said structural frame (2), directly
or indirectly to or from said well.
2. The drum unit according to claim 1, wherein the guide arch is provided with a second
force device (37) for moving said first end (31A) laterally so as for steering said
intervention string onto said drum (1).
3. The drum unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base of said drum (1) is provided
with a groove (11) so as for guiding the base layer of the intervention string into
a desired pattern on the drum.
4. The drum unit of any of the preceding claims, wherein said guide arch (31) is arranged
linearly displaceable in the direction of the intervention string (0).
5. The drum unit of any of the preceding claims, said guide arch (31) arranged displaceable
in that it is pivotable about a second, lower axis (33) in said structural frame (2).
6. The drum unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said force device
(6, 6B) comprises a spring mechanism (61).
7. The drum unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said force device
(6, 6B) comprises a pneumatic, hydraulic or electrical actuator (62B).
8. The drum unit according to any of the preceding claims, comprising one or more string
tension feeder units (41, 41A, 41B) arranged on said structural frame (2) so as for
exerting at least a minimally required tension on said intervention string (0) outwardly
directed from said drum (1) and arranged for feeding said intervention string (0)
in a desired direction outwardly from or inwardly to said drum (1), with a tension
feeder unit (41B) arranged by a second, fixed guide (5) at an entry point for said
string (0) on said structural frame (2).
9. The drum unit according to claim 8, with a tension feeder unit (41A) arranged at a
first guide (4) said tension feeder unit (41A) arranged laterally moving with said
first end (31A) of said guide arch (31), wherein said tension feeder unit (41A, 41B)
comprises one or more motorised rollers or belts (42) oppositely arranged on either
sides of said intervention string's (0) path and arranged for gripping and exerting
a longitudinally directed force on said intervention string (0).
10. The drum unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said second fixed
guide (5) and an injector head (8) on said well is arranged an intervention string
guide channel (7) with at least one bend restrictor (71) for said intervention string
(0).
11. The drum unit of claim 10, wherein said guide channel (7) comprises pipes of fixed
shape in combination with bend restrictors.
12. The drum unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said intervention
string (0) is a relatively rigid fibre reinforced cable (01) or a coiled tubing (02),
braided wire (04), or an otherwise slick metal string (03).
13. The drum unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said guide arch (31)
is provided with a series of sheaves (34) along said guide arch (31) for supporting
and guiding said intervention string (0).
14. The drum unit according to any of the preceding claims, provided with a control system
(CS) arranged for receiving control signals from a higher order control system for
said injector head (8) on said wellhead, said higher order control system for commanding
feeding down, halting or hauling up and setting a speed of said intervention string
(0), and arranged for coordinating said drum (1) with said injector head (8).
15. The drum unit of any of the preceding claims, wherein the drum is an external laying
drum.
1. Eine Trommeleinheit (T) für einen Eingriffsstrang (0) für ein Bohrloch, umfassend:
a. eine Trommel (1) für den Eingriffsstrang (0) mit einer Trommelachse (10) und einem
Radius (R), die in einem Strukturrahmen (2) angeordnet und durch einen Motor (22)
drehbar ist;
b. einen Spannungskompensator (3) für den Eingriffsstrang (0),
c. wobei der Spannungskompensator (3) einen in einer Richtung im Wesentlichen entlang
des Eingriffsstrangs (0), senkrecht zur Trommelachse (10) verschiebbaren Führungsbogen
(31) umfasst, unter Verwendung einer ersten mit dem Strukturrahmen (2) verbundenen
Belastungseinheit (6, 6B, 62B), um den Eingriffsstrang (0) unter Spannung zu halten;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
d. wenigstens ein erstes Ende (31A) des Führungsbogens (31) längsverschieblich in
einer Richtung im Wesentlichen senkrecht zum Eingriffsstrang (0), parallel zur Trommelachse
(10) ist,
e. wobei der Eingriffsstrang (0) zwischen dem Führungsbogen (31) zu oder von dem ersten
Ende (31) zur Trommel (1) läuft;
f. wobei der Eingriffsstrang (0) über ein zweites entgegengesetztes Ende (31B) des
Führungsbogens (31) durch eine zweite feste Führung (5) am Strukturrahmen (2), direkt
oder indirekt von oder zu dem Bohrloch läuft.
2. Trommeleinheit nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Führungsbogen mit einer zweiten Belastungseinheit
(37) zum lateralen Bewegen des ersten Endes (31A) zum Steuern des Eingriffsstrangs
auf die Trommel (1) ausgestattet ist.
3. Trommeleinheit nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Boden der Trommel (1) mit einer Rille
(11) zum Führen der untersten Lage des Eingriffsstrangs in einem gewünschten Muster
auf der Trommel versehen ist.
4. Trommeleinheit nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Führungsbogen (31)
linear verschiebbar in der Richtung des Eingriffsstrangs (0) angeordnet ist.
5. Trommeleinheit nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Führungsbogen derart
beweglich angeordnet ist, dass er um eine zweite, untere Achse (33) im Strukturrahmen
(2) schwenkbar ist.
6. Trommeleinheit nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Belastungseinheit
(6, 6B) einen Federmechanismus umfasst (61).
7. Trommeleinheit nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Belastungseinheit
(6, 6B) einen pneumatischen, hydraulischen oder elektrischen Aktuator (62B) umfasst.
8. Trommeleinheit nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend eine oder mehrere
an dem Strukturrahmen (2) angeordnete Seilspannungszuführeinheit (41, 41A, 41B), um
wenigstens eine minimalbenötigte Spannung des Eingriffsstrang (0) nach außen von der
Trommel (1) her auszuüben und die zum Zuführen des Eingriffsstrangs (0) in einer gewünschte
Richtung nach außen von oder zur Trommel hin (1) angeordnet sind, mit einer an der
zweiten festen Führung (5) an einem Einspeisepunkt für den Eingriffsstrang (0) an
dem Strukturrahmen (2) angeordnete Seilspannungszuführeinheit (41B).
9. Trommeleinheit nach Anspruch 8, mit einer Seilspannungszuführeinheit (41A) an der
ersten Führung (4), wobei die erste Seilspannungszuführeinheit (41A) mit dem ersten
Ende (31A) des Führungsbogens (31) lateral bewegbar angeordnet ist, wobei die Seilspannungszuführeinheit
(41A, 41B) zwei angetriebene Rollen oder Bänder (42) umfasst, die auf den gegenüberliegenden
Seiten des Pfads für den Eingriffsstrang (0) angeordnet und zum Klemmen und Aufbringen
einer längs ausgerichteten Kraft auf den Eingriffsstrang ausgebildet sind.
10. Trommeleinheit nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, zwischen der zweite feste
Führung (5) und ein Injektorkopf (8) auf dem Bohrloch einen Eingriffsstrangführungskanal
(7) mit wenigstens einem Biegungsbegrenzer (71) für den Eingriffsstrang (0) angeordnet
ist.
11. Trommeleinheit nach Anspruch 10, wobei der Eingriffsstrangführungskanal (7) Rohre
mit fester Kontur in Kombination mit Biegungsbegrenzern umfasst.
12. Trommeleinheit nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Eingriffsstrang
(0) ein relativ festes faserverstärktes Kabel (01) oder ein gewickelter Schlauch (02),
geflochtener Draht (04), oder ein sonstiger glatter Metallstrang (03) ist.
13. Trommeleinheit nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Führungsbogen (31)
mit einer Mehrzahl von Laufrollen (34) entlang des Führungsbogens (31) zum Unterstützen
und Führen des Eingriffsstrangs (0) versehen ist.
14. Trommeleinheit nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ausgestattet mit einem Steuerungssystem
(CS), das zum Empfang von Steuerungssignalen eines übergeordneten Steuerungssystems
für den Injektorkopf (8) am Bohrlochkopf ausgebildet ist, wobei das übergeordnete
Steuerungssystem zum Befehlen vom Ablassen, Halten oder Heraufziehen und Vorgeben
einer Geschwindigkeit des Eingriffsstrangs (0), sowie zum Koordinieren der Trommel
(1) mit dem Inkjektorkopf (8) ausgebildet ist.
15. Trommeleinheit nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Trommel eine extern
legende Trommel ist.
1. Unité de tambour (T) pour un train de tiges d'intervention (0) pour un puits, comprenant:
- un tambour (1) pour ledit train de tiges d'intervention (0) avec un axe de tambour
(10) et un rayon (R), agencé dans un bâti structurel (2) et pouvant tourner par un
moteur (22);
- un compensateur de tension (3) pour ledit train de tiges d'intervention (0),
- dans laquelle ledit compensateur de tension (3) comprend une arche de guidage (31)
pouvant être déplacée dans une direction généralement le long du train de tiges d'intervention
(0), de façon orthogonale audit axe de tambour (10), à l'aide d'un premier dispositif
de force (6, 6B, 62B) relié audit bâti structurel (2) pour maintenir sous tension
ledit train de tiges d'intervention (0);
caractérisée en ce que au moins une première extrémité (31A) de ladite arche de guidage (31) est déplacée
latéralement dans une direction généralement orthogonale audit train de tiges d'intervention,
parallèle audit axe de tambour (10),
- dans laquelle ledit train de tiges d'intervention (0) s'étend entre ladite arche
de guidage (31) vers ou à partir de ladite première extrémité (31A) audit tambour
(1);
- dans laquelle ledit train de tiges d'intervention (0) s'étend par l'intermédiaire
d'une seconde extrémité opposée (31B) de ladite arche de guidage (31) par l'intermédiaire
d'un second guide fixe (5) au niveau dudit bâti structurel (1), directement ou indirectement,
vers ou à partir dudit puits.
2. Unité de tambour selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'arche de guidage est pourvue
d'un deuxième dispositif de force (37) pour déplacer latéralement ladite première
extrémité (31A) de manière à diriger ledit train de tiges d'intervention sur ledit
tambour (1).
3. Unité de tambour selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la base dudit tambour
(1) est pourvue d'une rainure (11) de manière à guider la couche de base du train
de tiges d'intervention dans un motif désiré sur le tambour.
4. Unité de tambour selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite
arche de guidage (31) est agencée de sorte à être déplaçable linéairement dans la
direction du train de tiges d'intervention (0).
5. Unité de tambour selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite
arche de guidage (31) est agencée de sorte à être déplaçable en ce qu'elle peut pivoter
autour d'un second axe inférieur (33) dans ledit bâti structurel (1).
6. Unité de tambour selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle
ledit dispositif de force (6, 6B) comprend un mécanisme à ressort (61).
7. Unité de tambour selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle
ledit dispositif de force (6, 6B) comprend un actionneur pneumatique, hydraulique
ou électrique (62B).
8. Unité de tambour selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant
une ou plusieurs unités d'alimentation de tension de tige (41, 41A, 41B) agencées
sur ledit bâti structurel (2) de manière à exercer au moins une tension minimale requise
sur ledit train de tiges d'intervention (0) dirigé vers l'extérieur à partir dudit
tambour (1) et agencées pour alimenter ledit train de tiges d'intervention (0) dans
une direction désirée vers l'intérieur ou vers l'extérieur à partir dudit tambour
(1), avec une unité d'alimentation de tension (41B) agencée sur un second guide fixe
(5) en un point à l'entrée dudit train de tiges d'intervention (0) sur ledit bâti
structurel (2).
9. Unité de tambour selon la revendication 8, comprenant une unité d'alimentation de
tension (41A) agencée sur un premier guide (4), ladite unité d'alimentation de tension
(41A) étant agencée en mouvement latéral avec ladite première extrémité (31A) de ladite
arche de guidage (31), dans laquelle ladite unité d'alimentation de tension (41A,
41B) comprend un ou plusieurs rouleaux ou courroies motorisés (42) agencés en opposition
sur les deux côtés du chemin dudit train de tiges d'intervention (0) et agencés pour
saisir et exercer une force dirigée longitudinalement sur ledit train de tiges d'intervention
(0).
10. Unité de tambour selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle
ledit second guide fixe (5) et une tête d'injecteur (8) sur ledit puits est agencé
un canal de guidage (7) de train de tiges d'intervention avec au moins un limiteur
de courbure (71) pour ledit train de tiges d'intervention (0).
11. Unité de tambour selon la revendication 10, dans laquelle ledit canal de guidage (7)
comprend des tuyaux de forme fixe en combinaison avec des limiteurs de courbure.
12. Unité de tambour selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle
ledit train de tiges d'intervention (0) est un câble à fibre relativement rigide renforcée
(01) ou un tubage enroulé (02), un fil tressé (04), ou sinon une tige de métal lisse
(03).
13. Unité de tambour selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle
ladite arche de guidage (32) est pourvue d'une série de poulies (34) le long de ladite
arche de guidage (31) pour supporter et guider ledit train de tiges d'intervention
(0).
14. Unité de tambour selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, munie d'un
système de contrôle (CS) agencé pour recevoir des signaux de contrôle en provenance
d'un système supérieur de contrôle commande de ladite tête d'injecteur (8) sur ladite
tête de puits, ledit système supérieur de contrôle commande pour commander une baisse
d'alimentation, de freiner ou d'augmenter et régler une vitesse dudit train de tiges
d'intervention (0), et agencé pour coordonner ledit tambour (1) avec ladite tête d'injecteur
(8).
15. Unité de tambour selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le tambour
est un tambour de pose externe.