Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a fabric having an exothermic property caused by
moisture absorption, warmth retention, and wear comfortability, and a garment manufactured
using the same. The present invention particularly relates to a fabric that is preferably
used for innerwear, T-shirts, and the like, which come into direct contact with human
skin, and is less likely to generate crackling static electricity when worn and to
get wrinkled after being washed, and a garment.
Background Art
[0002] Conventionally, fiber products having a moisture-retaining property are obtained,
for example, by adding moisturizing components such as squalane to a fabric such as
a woven fabric or a knitted fabric in a post-process. Such post-processed fiber products,
however, have a problem in that their properties including moisture-retaining property
are poor in washing resistance, and to solve this problem, it has been common to use
large amounts of binders (see, Patent Document 1).
[0003] On the other hand, examples of the method of improving the washing resistance without
using a binder include the following methods. Specifically, a method is proposed in
which a functional protein material is fixedly secured to a fabric made of synthetic
fibers, and then the fabric is post treated with an aqueous alkaline solution and/or
an aqueous solution of an anionic surface active agent (see, Patent Document 2). Furthermore,
a cellulose fiber-containing fiber product is proposed which is obtained by adding
a metal compound and a natural functionalizing agent to a fabric including cellulose
fibers, and subjecting the fabric to crosslinking improvement (see, Patent Document
3).
[0004] Unfortunately, these proposals, which improve washing resistance but impair safety
and softness which are most important for use in garments that come into direct contact
with the skin, are not satisfactory in both washing resistance and wear comfortability,
and are problematic from the viewpoint of reduction in the environmental load in recent
years.
[0005] As means for improving warmth retention, a fabric is proposed which is composed of
a three-layer structure of a lining, a warmth retention material such as padding,
and an outer material (see, Patent Document 4). Unfortunately, this proposal has a
problem in that the fabric feels stuffy when worn because the outer material is used
for the purpose of enhancing wind-proofness and warmth retention, and the fabric is
thick because of the three-layer structure and unsuitable for applications such as
innerwear.
[0006] As a fabric preferably used particularly for innerwear, T-shirts, and the like, which
come into direct contact with human skin, for example, a fabric is proposed which
comprises a polyacrylic synthetic fiber in an amount of 30% by weight to 47% by weight,
a viscose rayon fiber in an amount of 20% by weight to 30% by weight, a cation-dyeable
polyester fiber in an amount of 30% by weight to 45% by weight, and a polyurethane
elastic fiber in an amount of 3% by weight to 10% by weight (see, Patent Document
5). Unfortunately, this proposal has a problem in that the fabric is likely to generate
static electricity when worn because of the high content of the polyacrylic synthetic
fiber and the polyester fiber which are hydrophobic polymers, and also has a problem
in that pilling is likely to occur on the fabric because of the high mixing ratio
of the polyacrylic synthetic fiber.
Prior Art Documents
Patent Documents
Summary of the Invention
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0008] The present inventors intensively studied to solve the problems described above,
and discovered that a fabric that is less likely to generate crackling static electricity
when worn, less likely to get wrinkled after being washed, and has warmth retention
excellent in washing resistance and excellent wear comfortability can be obtained
by using a yarn obtained by mixed fiber spinning of a viscose rayon fiber, i.e., a
viscose rayon fiber, a cation-dyeable polyester fiber, a polyacrylic synthetic fiber,
and a polyurethane elastic fiber at an optimal composition ratio.
[0009] Thus, an object of the present invention is to solve the problems described above
and provide a fabric that is less likely to generate crackling static electricity
when worn, less likely to get wrinkled after being washed, and has highly durable
warmth retention and wear comfortability, and a garment manufactured using the same.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0010] To solve the problems described above, the present invention has the following structure.
[0011] The fabric of the present invention is a fabric comprising a viscose rayon fiber
in an amount of more than 30% by weight and less than 40% by weight, a cation-dyeable
polyester fiber in an amount of more than 30% by weight and less than 40% by weight,
a polyacrylic synthetic fiber in an amount of more than 25% by weight and less than
30% by weight, and a polyurethane elastic fiber in an amount of more than 5% by weight
and less than 10% by weight, wherein the fabric has a friction-charged electrostatic
potential of 1500 V or less and wash-and-wear properties, as determined according
to Method 124 in AATCC after being laundered five times in accordance with Method
103 in JIS L0217 (2011), of grade 3 or higher.
[0012] In a preferred aspect of the fabric of the present invention, the fabric has an exothermic
property caused by moisture absorption of at least 2.6°C.
[0013] In a preferred aspect of the fabric of the present invention, the fabric takes not
longer than 40 minutes to decrease its diffusible remaining water content to 30% or
lower.
[0014] In a preferred aspect of the fabric of the present invention, the fabric has a warmth
retention rate of 14% or more.
[0015] In a preferred aspect of the fabric of the present invention, the fabric has a pilling
grade of 2.5 or higher.
[0016] In a preferred aspect of the fabric of the present invention, the cation-dyeable
polyester long fiber includes a fiber having a modified cross-section.
[0017] In a preferred aspect of the fabric of the present invention, the fabric is a knitted
fabric of monolayer structure.
[0018] By using the fabric of the present invention, a garment contemplated by the present
invention can be obtained.
Effects of the Invention
[0019] The present invention provides a fabric that is less likely to generate crackling
static electricity when worn, less likely to get wrinkled after being washed, has
a durable moisture-retaining property, and has warmth retention and moisture content
despite its thin textile, and therefore is suitably used for innerwear, T-shirts,
and the like requiring wear comfortability, and a garment manufactured using the same.
Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
[0020] Embodiments of the fabric of the present invention will now be described in detail.
[0021] The fabric of the present invention is a fabric comprising a viscose rayon fiber
in an amount of more than 30% by weight and less than 40% by weight, a cation-dyeable
polyester fiber in an amount of more than 30% by weight and less than 40% by weight,
a polyacrylic synthetic fiber in an amount of more than 25% by weight and less than
30% by weight, and a polyurethane elastic fiber in an amount of more than 5% by weight
and less than 10% by weight.
[0022] As described above, it is important that the fabric of the present invention contain
the viscose rayon fiber in an amount of more than 30% by weight and less than 40%
by weight. The amount of the viscose rayon fiber is preferably 32 to 38% by weight,
more preferably 33 to 36% by weight. The viscose rayon fiber contained in an amount
of more than 30% by weight can provide a highly durable fabric having a moisture-retaining
property. By virtue of the moisture-retaining property, the fabric is unlikely to
generate crackling static electricity when worn and can be provided with an exothermic
property caused by moisture absorption.
[0023] In the fabric, the amount of static electricity generation is determined by the friction-charged
electrostatic potential measured in accordance with JIS-L1094-2008 "Testing methods
for electrostatic propensity of woven and knitted fabrics". The lower the friction-charged
electrostatic potential, the less the static electricity is likely to occur, and the
higher the friction-charged electrostatic potential, the more the static electricity
is likely to occur. Also in this regard, it is important that the fabric of the present
invention have a friction-charged electrostatic potential of 1500 V or less. The friction-charged
electrostatic potential of 1500 V or less reduces the likelihood that the fabric generates
crackling static electricity when worn. The friction-charged electrostatic potential
is preferably 1000 V or less, more preferably 500 V or less.
[0024] The fabric of the present invention, if containing the viscose rayon fiber in an
amount of 40% by weight or more, will be likely to get wrinkled after being washed
and have reduced warmth retention by the nature of the viscose rayon fiber.
[0025] The viscose rayon fiber for use in the present invention is preferably used in the
form of a spun yarn from the viewpoint of improving the warmth retention. The count
of the spun yarn is preferably 30S to 100S in the cotton count because the yarn is
used for innerwear, T-shirts, and the like, which come into direct contact with human
skin. The fineness of single fiber constituting the spun yarn is preferably 0.5 decitex
to 2.5 decitex for its intended use.
[0026] It is important that the fabric of the present invention contain the cation-dyeable
polyester fiber in an amount of more than 30% by weight and less than 40% by weight.
The cation-dyeable polyester fiber allows dyeing at a lower temperature than in the
case of conventional polyester fibers, which in turn allows dyeing with the same dye
as used for the polyacrylic synthetic fiber used together. The cation-dyeable polyester
fiber can prevent thermal degradation of the polyurethane elastic fiber used together
because it can be provided with an excellent chromogenic property and fastness property
at a dyeing temperature of 105°C to 115°C.
[0027] The cation-dyeable polyester fiber contained in an amount of more than 30% by weight
reduces the occurrence of wrinkles in the fabric after being washed. For the wrinkles
after being washed, a specimen is laundered five times by a laundering method in accordance
with Method 103 in JIS L0217 (2011), and the wrinkling occurred on the surface of
the specimen is graded according to the replicas described in AATCC 124. When the
wash-and-wear properties according to Method 124 in AATCC after the five-time laundering
are grade 3 or higher, the fabric can be judged as having little wrinkling.
[0028] If the amount of the cation-dyeable polyester fiber is 40% by weight or more, the
moisture-retaining property of the fabric will be reduced by the nature of the cation-dyeable
polyester fiber, resulting in an increased friction-charged electrostatic potential
and a reduced exothermic property caused by moisture absorption. The amount of the
cation-dyeable polyester fiber is preferably 32 to 36% by weight, more preferably
33 to 35% % by weight.
[0029] The cation-dyeable polyester fiber preferably includes a fiber having a modified
cross-section. By virtue of the fiber having a modified cross-section, sweat absorbed
by a knitted fabric (the fabric) quickly dries to effectively prevent the body from
cooling down. In the present invention, to include the fiber having a modified cross-section
means to use two or more fibers having different cross-sectional shapes. Examples
of such cases include the case where a fiber having a circular cross-section is used
together with a fiber having any cross-section other than the circular cross-section,
and the case where two or more fibers having different modified cross-sections other
than the circular cross-section alone are used. This forms numbers of tiny spaces
to increase the diffusion velocity of water sucked up by surface tension.
[0030] The cation-dyeable polyester fiber preferably has a single fiber fineness of 0.8
to 1.8 decitex from the viewpoint of excellent perspiration absorbency. In particular,
a single fiber fineness of 1.0 decitex or less, even when the fiber having a modified
cross-section is not included and a fiber having a uniform cross-section alone is
used, provides a fabric having excellent perspiration absorbency.
[0031] The cation-dyeable polyester fiber for use in the present invention may be either
a spun yarn or a long fiber, for example. From the viewpoint of improving the wash-and-wear
properties, it is preferably used in the form of long fiber. In this case, the total
fineness is preferably 50 decitex to 200 decitex because the fiber is used for innerwear,
T-shirts, and the like, which come into direct contact with human skin.
[0032] Making a conventional polyester cation-dyeable can be achieved, for example, by copolymerizing
the conventional polyester with 1.0 to 3.0 mol% of a 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid
component as generally known.
[0033] It is important that the fabric of the present invention contain the polyacrylic
synthetic fiber in an amount of more than 25% by weight and less than 30% by weight.
The polyacrylic synthetic fiber contained in an amount of more than 25% by weight
can provide the fabric with warmth retention. If the amount of the polyacrylic synthetic
fiber is 30% by weight or more, the moisture-retaining property of the fabric will
be reduced by the nature of the polyacrylic synthetic fiber, resulting in an increased
friction-charged electrostatic potential and a reduced exothermic property caused
by moisture absorption. The amount of the polyacrylic synthetic fiber is preferably
26 to 28% by weight.
[0034] The fineness of the single fibers constituting the polyacrylic synthetic fiber is
preferably 0.6 to 2.2 decitex. For a softer texture and improved warmth retention,
the polyacrylic synthetic fiber preferably has a smaller fineness, but a single fiber
fineness of less than 0.6 decitex can make it difficult to carry out spinning and
reduce the strength of a spun yarn, whereas a single fiber fineness of more than 2.2
decitex tends to result in a texture that is hard particularly for clothes worn directly
against the skin, such as innerwear. In view of these facts, the single fiber fineness
of the polyacrylic synthetic fiber is more preferably 0.6 decitex to 1.5 decitex.
The polyacrylic synthetic fiber for use in the present invention is preferably used
in the form of a spun yarn from the viewpoint of improving the warmth retention. The
count of the spun yarn is preferably 30S to 100S in the cotton count because the yarn
is used for innerwear, T-shirts, and the like, which come into direct contact with
human skin.
[0035] In addition, in the present invention, a spun yarn obtained by mixed fiber spinning
of the viscose rayon fiber and the polyacrylic synthetic fiber described above is
also preferably used.
[0036] Furthermore, in the fabric of the present invention, it is important that the polyurethane
elastic fiber be used in an amount of more than 5% by weight and less than 10% by
weight. This provides an appropriate elongation and increases the gaps between knitted
fabric loops, enabling smooth conforming to body movements to effectively improve
the wear comfortability.
[0037] As the polyurethane synthetic fiber for use in the present invention, one having
a total fineness of 15T to 45T and 1 to 3 filaments is preferably used because the
fiber is used for innerwear, T-shirts, and the like, which come into direct contact
with human skin.
[0038] Preferred examples of the form of the fabric of the present invention include woven
fabric, knitted fabric, and nonwoven fabric. In the case of woven fabric and knitted
fabric, the viscose rayon fiber, the cation-dyeable polyester fiber, and the polyacrylic
synthetic fiber may be either a long fiber or a spun yarn, but for use for innerwear,
T-shirts, and the like, which come into direct contact with the skin, and to achieve
various properties, the preferred form of the fabric is a knitted fabric comprising
a spun yarn obtained by mixed fiber spinning of the viscose rayon fiber and the polyacrylic
synthetic fiber, the cation-dyeable polyester fiber in the form of a long fiber, and
the polyurethane synthetic fiber.
[0039] In the fabric of the present invention, as described above, it is important that
the friction-charged electrostatic potential be 1500 V or less and the wash-and-wear
properties be grade 3 or higher.
[0040] Furthermore, in the present invention, the fabric of the present invention preferably
has an exothermic property caused by moisture absorption of at least 2.6°C. The exothermic
property caused by moisture absorption is preferably as high as possible, and when
it is at least 2.6°C, wearers can feel warm when wearing the fabric. The exothermic
property caused by moisture absorption is a temperature difference B - A (°C), where
A is a surface temperature at which the temperature of a specimen is stabilized after
the specimen is dried for at least 30 minutes by introducing dry air (humidity: 10%
RH or less) passed through a silica gel container, and B is a maximum specimen surface
temperature during the subsequent introduction of air with a humidity of about 90%
RH for about 30 minutes, the air having been passed through ion exchange water. Therefore,
with an increasing amount of the viscose rayon fiber which is highly hygroscopic,
the exothermic property caused by moisture absorption improves, but with an increasing
amount of the viscose rayon fiber, the fabric becomes likely to get wrinkled after
being washed and has reduced warmth retention by the nature of the viscose rayon fiber.
[0041] In the present invention, the fabric of the present invention preferably takes not
longer than 40 minutes to decrease its diffusible remaining water content to 30% or
lower. The diffusible remaining water content, which indicates how fast the fabric
wet with water will dry, is determined, specifically, by dropping about 0.3 g of water,
reading the mass (g) immediately after dropping, and reading the mass (g) after dropping
over time. With an increasing amount of the cation-dyeable polyester fiber and the
polyacrylic synthetic fiber which are hydrophobic, the diffusible remaining water
content improves, but the friction-charged electrostatic potential increases and the
exothermic property caused by moisture absorption is reduced.
[0042] Furthermore, in the present invention, the fabric of the present invention preferably
has a warmth retention rate of 14.0% or more. The warmth retention rate is preferably
as high as possible, and when it is 14.0% or more, wearers can feel warm when wearing
the fabric. The warmth retention indicates whether a textile diffuses heat with ease
or difficulty. By the nature of the fibers, the warmth retention improves with an
increasing amount of the cation-dyeable polyester fiber and the polyacrylic synthetic
fiber which have low thermal conductivity, but the friction-charged electrostatic
potential increases and the exothermic property caused by moisture absorption is reduced.
[0043] Furthermore, in the present invention, the fabric of the present invention preferably
has a pilling grade (determined in accordance with Method A in JIS L1076 (2011)) of
2-3 or higher (2.5 or higher). The pilling test can determine how pills will be produced
on the surface when the fabric is worn. When the pilling grade is 2 or lower, large
numbers of pills are produced and conspicuous when the fabric is worn. To achieve
the grade 2-3 or higher (2.5 or higher), it is important that the fabric comprise
the viscose rayon fiber in an amount of more than 30% by weight and less than 40%
by weight, the cation-dyeable polyester fiber in an amount of more than 30% by weight
and less than 40% by weight, and the polyacrylic synthetic fiber in an amount of more
than 25% by weight and less than 30% by weight. In particular, the polyacrylic synthetic
fiber in an amount of more than 30% by weight will degrade the pilling.
[0044] The fabric of the present invention comprises the viscose rayon fiber in an amount
of more than 30% by weight and less than 40% by weight, the cation-dyeable polyester
fiber in an amount of more than 30% by weight and less than 40% by weight, and the
polyacrylic synthetic fiber in an amount of more than 25% by weight and less than
30% by weight, whereby when the fabric is dyed in such a manner that the viscose rayon
fiber is dyed with a reactive dye, and the cation-dyeable polyester fiber and the
polyacrylic synthetic fiber are dyed with a cationic dye, gray not too pale can be
expressed through black-dyeing with a reactive dye alone and gray not too dark can
be expressed through black-dyeing with a cationic dye alone.
[0045] The form of the fabric in the present invention is preferably a knitted fabric of
monolayer structure because the fabric is used for innerwear, T-shirts, and the like,
which come into direct contact with human skin. When a garment manufactured from the
fabric in the form of a knitted fabric of monolayer structure is worn, the viscose
rayon fiber in an amount of more than 30% by weight and less than 40% by weight, the
cation-dyeable polyester fiber in an amount of more than 30% by weight and less than
40% by weight, the polyacrylic synthetic fiber in an amount of more than 25% by weight
and less than 30% by weight, and the polyurethane elastic fiber in an amount of more
than 5% by weight and less than 10% by weight will touch the skin in a well-balanced
manner. For example, when one of these materials, e.g., the viscose rayon fiber alone
touches the skin, its textile will feel very cold by the nature of the fiber. In the
case of the cation-dyeable polyester fiber or the polyacrylic synthetic fiber alone,
its textile will feel very stuffy by the nature of the fiber. In the case of the polyurethane
elastic fiber alone, its textile will feel very sticky.
[0046] Furthermore, in addition to the viscose rayon fiber, the cation-dyeable polyester
fiber, the polyacrylic synthetic fiber, and the polyurethane elastic fiber described
above, the fabric of the present invention may comprise conventional cation-undyeable
polyester fibers, polyester fibers obtained by copolymerizing polyester with a third
component, polyamide fibers, acetate fibers, natural cellulose fibers such as cotton,
hemp, and pulp, regenerated cellulosic fibers other than viscose rayon, protein fibers
such as wool, and other fibers. The fibers constituting the fabric may be, for example,
combined, mix-spun, co-woven, or interknitted.
[0047] The fabric of the present invention is suitable for garment applications including
outerwear such as T-shirts, blousons, slacks, and skirts, underwear such as tights,
spats, camisoles, and pants, and other garments put on bodies, and is preferably used
for various garments.
Examples
[0048] Methods of assessing the properties in Examples are as described below.
(1) Friction-Charged Electrostatic Potential
[0049] The friction-charged electrostatic potential was measured by Testing methods for
electrostatic propensity of woven and knitted fabrics in accordance with JIS-L1094
(2011).
(2) Wash-and-Wear Properties
[0050] The wash-and-wear properties are determined by laundering a specimen five times by
a laundering method in accordance with Method 103 in JIS L0217 (2011), and grading
the wrinkling occurred on the surface of the specimen according to the replicas described
in AATCC 124.
(3) Exothermic Property Caused by Moisture Absorption
[0051] The exothermic property caused by moisture absorption is read on a recorder in such
a manner that a specimen of about 10 cm × 10 cm in size is placed in a hermetically
sealed container, and a surface temperature sensor is mounted so that the temperature
of the specimen can be measured. After starting to measure the temperature of the
specimen, dry air (humidity: 10% RH or less) passed through a silica gel container
is introduced from a room atmosphere at a temperature of 20°C to dry the specimen.
The specimen is dried for at least 30 minutes, and a surface temperature A at which
the temperature of the specimen is stabilized is read. Subsequently, air with a humidity
of about 90% RH passed through ion exchange water is introduced for about 30 minutes,
and a maximum specimen surface temperature B during the introduction is read. The
difference B - A was used as the exothermic property caused by moisture absorption
(°C).
(4) Time Taken for Diffusible Remaining Water Content to Decrease to 30% or Lower
(Quick-Drying Property)
[0052] A specimen of about 10 cm × 10 cm in size is left to stand in an atmosphere at 20°C
and 65% RH for 24 hours, and then the mass G (g) is read. In the same atmosphere,
about 0.3 g of water is dropped onto the specimen, and the mass Go (g) immediately
after dropping and the mass Gx (g) after dropping over time are read. The time (min)
taken for the diffusible remaining water content (%), as determined by the following
equation, to decrease to 30% of the mass immediately after dropping was determined.
(5) Warmth Retention Rate
[0053] The warmth retention rate is determined in accordance with JIS L1096, 8.28 Warmth
retaining property, 8.28.1 Method A (isothermal method) (2011).
(6) Pilling
[0054] The pilling is assessed in accordance with Method A in JIS L1076 (2011).
[0055] The grade was determined according to the following criteria.
Grade 5 Production of pills is at the level shown in photographic rating standard
No. 5.
Grade 4-5 (Grade 4.5) Production of pills is at the level about the halfway between
photographic rating standards No. 4 and No. 5.
Grade 4 Production of pills is at the level shown in photographic rating standard
No. 4.
Grade 3-4 (Grade 3.5) Production of pills is at the level about the halfway between
photographic rating standards No. 3 and No. 4
Grade 3 Production of pills is at the level shown in photographic rating standard
No. 3.
Grade 2-3 (Grade 2.5) Production of pills is at the level about the halfway between
photographic rating standards No. 2 and No. 3
Grade 2 Production of pills is at the level shown in photographic rating standard
No. 2
Grade 1-2 (Grade 1.5) Production of pills is at the level about the halfway between
photographic rating standards No. 1 and No. 2
Grade 1 Production of pills is at the level shown in photographic rating standard
No. 1 or higher.
(7) Assessment of Gray Tone
[0056] In dyeing, a specimen dyed black with a reactive dye alone and a specimen dyed black
with a cationic dye alone were prepared, and their gray tones were assessed by comparing
with one dyed black with both the reactive dye and the cationic dye and one dyed white.
Example 1
[0057] Viscose rayon staple (single fiber fineness: 1.4 decitex, length: 38 mm, available
from Daiwabo Rayon Co., Ltd.) in an amount of 55% by weight and polyacrylic fiber
staple (single fiber fineness: 1.0 decitex, length: 45 mm, "TORELON" (registered trademark)
available from Toray Industries, Inc.) in an amount of 45% by weight to which 0.4
owf% of tetraalkyl adipate was applied were mixed by carding to obtain a spun yarn
of 1/64s (count).
[0058] The spun yarn thus obtained, a cation-dyeable polyester fiber filament (total fineness:
84 decitex, 48 filaments, "TETORON" (registered trademark) available from Toray Industries,
Inc.) having a mixed cross-section of circular cross-section fibers and star cross-section
fibers, and a polyurethane fiber (total fineness: 22 decitex, 2 filaments, "LYCRA"
(registered trademark) available from Opelontex Co., Ltd.) were interknitted in plain
stitch under the conditions of a cylinder diameter of 76.2 cm, 28 gauges/2.54 cm,
40 wells, and 62 courses to obtain a gray fabric.
[0059] The gray fabric obtained was dyed through the process of continuous relaxing/scouring
- drying (at 175°C for 25 seconds) - setting - tucking - dyeing (jet dyeing temperature:
115°C) - drying (at 112°C) - setting to obtain a textile with a basis weight of 150
g/m
2 comprising 27% by weight of the polyacrylic fiber, 33% by weight of the viscose rayon
fiber, 34% by weight of the cation-dyeable polyester fiber having a mixed cross-section,
and 6% by weight of the polyurethane elastic fiber at a textile weight ratio.
[0060] The textile obtained above was assessed for friction-charged electrostatic potential,
wash-and-wear properties, exothermic property caused by moisture absorption, quick-drying
property, warmth retention, and pilling. In dyeing, a specimen dyed black with a reactive
dye alone, and a specimen dyed black with a cationic dye alone were prepared, and
their gray tones were each assessed. The results are shown in Table 1. The friction-charged
electrostatic potential was not greater than 2000 V; the grade of the wash-and-wear
properties were 3; the exothermic property caused by moisture absorption, the quick-drying
property, and the warmth retention were all good; the pilling grade was 2-3 (2.5);
and the gray tone was gray not too pale in the case of dyeing with a reactive dye
alone and gray not too dark in the case of dyeing with a cationic dye alone. A knitted
fabric having high functionality, which is required for garment applications, particularly,
innerwear, was obtained.
Example 2
[0061] Viscose rayon staple (single fiber fineness: 1.4 decitex, length: 38 mm, available
from Daiwabo Rayon Co., Ltd.) in an amount of 55% by weight and polyacrylic fiber
staple (single fiber fineness: 1.0 decitex, length: 38 mm, "TORELON" (registered trademark)
available from Toray Industries, Inc.) in an amount of 45% by weight to which 0.4
owf of tetraalkyl adipate was applied were mixed by carding to obtain a spun yarn
of 1/64s (count).
[0062] The spun yarn thus obtained, a cation-dyeable polyester fiber filament (total fineness:
84 decitex, 96 filaments, "TETORON" (registered trademark) available from Toray Industries,
Inc.) having a circular cross-section, and a polyurethane elastic fiber (total fineness:
22 decitex, 2 filaments, "LYCRA" (registered trademark) available from Opelontex Co.,
Ltd.) were interknitted in plain stitch under the conditions of a cylinder diameter
of 76.2 cm, 28 gauges/2.54 cm, 42 wells/2.54 cm, and 58 courses/2.54 cm to obtain
a gray fabric.
[0063] The gray fabric obtained was dyed through the process of continuous relaxing/scouring
- drying (at 175°C for 25 seconds) - setting - tucking - dyeing (jet dyeing temperature:
115°C) - drying (at 112°C) - setting to obtain a textile with a basis weight of 145
g/m
2 comprising 27% by weight of the polyacrylic fiber, 33% by weight of the viscose rayon
fiber, 34% by weight of the cation-dyeable polyester fiber having a circular cross-section,
and 6% by weight of the polyurethane elastic fiber at a textile weight ratio.
[0064] The textile obtained was assessed for friction-charged electrostatic potential, wash-and-wear
properties, exothermic property caused by moisture absorption, quick-drying property,
warmth retention, and pilling. In dyeing, a specimen dyed black with a reactive dye
alone and a specimen dyed black with a cationic dye alone were prepared, and their
gray tones were assessed. The results are shown in Table 1. A knitted fabric having
high functionality was obtained similarly to Example 1. For the quick-drying property,
it was confirmed that the property equivalent to that of the mixed cross-section finished
yarn was obtained by using a high multi-finished yarn having a single fiber fineness
of 1.0 decitex or less as the cation-dyeable polyester fiber having a circular cross-section.
The pilling grade was 2-3 (2.5), and the gray tone was gray not too pale in the case
of dyeing with a reactive dye alone and gray not too dark in the case of dyeing with
a cationic dye alone.
Comparative Example 1
[0065] Viscose rayon fiber staple (single fiber fineness: 1.4 decitex, length: 38 mm, available
from Daiwabo Rayon Co., Ltd.) in an amount of 35% by weight and polyacrylic fiber
staple (single fiber fineness: 1.0 decitex, length: 45 mm, "TORELON" (registered trademark)
available from Toray Industries, Inc.) in an amount of 65% by weight to which 0.4
owf% of tetraalkyl adipate was applied were mixed by carding to obtain a spun yarn
of 1/64s (count).
[0066] The spun yarn thus obtained, a cation-dyeable polyester fiber filament (total fineness:
84 decitex, 48 filaments, "TETORON" (registered trademark) available from Toray Industries,
Inc.) having a mixed cross-section of circular cross-section fibers and star cross-section
fibers, and a polyurethane elastic fiber (total fineness: 22 decitex, 2 filaments,
"LYCRA" (registered trademark) available from Opelontex Co., Ltd.) were interknitted
in plain stitch under the conditions of a cylinder diameter of 76.2 cm, 28 gauges/2.54
cm, 40 wells, and 62 courses to obtain a gray fabric.
[0067] The gray fabric obtained was dyed in the same manner as in Example 1 through the
process of continuous relaxing/scouring - drying (at 175°C for 25 seconds) - setting
- tucking - dyeing (jet dyeing temperature: 115°C) - drying (at 112°C) - setting to
obtain a textile with a basis weight of 150 g/m
2 comprising 39% by weight of the polyacrylic fiber, 21 % by weight of the viscose
rayon fiber, 34% by weight of the cation-dyeable polyester fiber having a mixed cross-section,
and 6% by weight of the polyurethane fiber at a textile weight ratio.
[0068] The textile obtained above was assessed for friction-charged electrostatic potential,
wash-and-wear properties, exothermic property caused by moisture absorption, quick-drying
property, warmth retention, and pilling. In dyeing, a specimen dyed black with a reactive
dye alone and a specimen dyed black with a cationic dye alone were prepared, and their
gray tones were assessed. The results are shown in Table 1. The wash-and-wear properties,
the quick-drying property, and the warmth retention were high, but the friction-charged
electrostatic potential was 2500 V, and the exothermic property caused by moisture
absorption was 2.3°C, meaning that static electricity was likely to occur and the
exothermic property caused by moisture absorption was low. The pilling grade was 2,
and the gray tone was gray close to white in the case of black-dyeing with a reactive
dye alone, and gray close to black in the case of black-dyeing with a cationic dye
alone.
Comparative Example 2
[0069] Viscose rayon fiber staple (single fiber fineness: 1.4 decitex, length: 38 mm, available
from Daiwabo Rayon Co., Ltd.) in an amount of 50% by weight and polyacrylic fiber
staple (single fiber fineness: 1.0 decitex, length: 45 mm, "TORELON" (registered trademark)
available from Toray Industries, Inc.) in an amount of 50% by weight to which 0.4
owf% of tetraalkyl adipate was applied were mixed by carding to obtain a spun yarn
of 1/64s (count).
[0070] The spun yarn thus obtained, a cation-dyeable polyester fiber filament (total fineness:
84 decitex -48 filaments, "TETORON" (registered trademark) available from Toray Industries,
Inc.) having a mixed cross-section of circular cross-section fibers and star cross-section
fibers, and a polyurethane elastic fiber (total fineness: 22 decitex, 2 filaments,
"LYCRA" (registered trademark) available from Opelontex Co., Ltd.) were interknitted
in plain stitch under the conditions of a cylinder diameter of 76.2 cm, 28 gauges/2.54
cm, 40 wells, and 62 courses to obtain a gray fabric.
[0071] The gray fabric obtained was dyed in the same manner as in Example 1 through the
process of continuous relaxing/scouring - drying (at 175°C for 25 seconds) - setting
- tucking - dyeing (jet dyeing temperature: 115°C) - drying (at 112°C) - setting to
obtain a textile with a basis weight of 150 g/m
2 comprising 30% by weight of the polyacrylic fiber, 30% by weight of the viscose rayon
fiber, 34% by weight of the cation-dyeable polyester fiber having a mixed cross-section,
and 6% by weight of the polyurethane fiber at a textile weight ratio.
[0072] The textile obtained above was assessed for friction-charged electrostatic potential,
wash-and-wear properties, exothermic property caused by moisture absorption, quick-drying
property, warmth retention, and pilling. In dyeing, a specimen dyed black with a reactive
dye alone and a specimen dyed black with a cationic dye alone were prepared, and their
gray tones were assessed. The results are shown in Table 1. The wash-and-wear properties,
the quick-drying property, and the warmth retention were high, but the friction-charged
electrostatic potential was 1700 V, and the exothermic property caused by moisture
absorption was 2.5°C, meaning that static electricity was likely to occur and the
exothermic property caused by moisture absorption was low. The pilling grade was 2.
The gray tone was gray not too pale in the case of dyeing with a reactive dye alone
and gray not too dark in the case of dyeing with a cationic dye alone.
Comparative Example 3
[0073] A spun yarn of 1/64s (count) comprising polyacrylic fiber staple (single fiber fineness:
1.0 decitex, length: 45 mm, "TORELON" (registered trademark) available from Toray
Industries, Inc.) alone to which 0.4 owf% of tetraalkyl adipate was applied was obtained.
[0074] The spun yarn thus obtained, a cation-dyeable polyester fiber filament (total fineness:
84 decitex, 48 filaments, "TETORON" (registered trademark) available from Toray Industries,
Inc.) having a mixed cross-section of circular cross-section fibers and star cross-section
fibers, and a polyurethane elastic fiber (total fineness: 22 decitex, 2 filaments,
"LYCRA" (registered trademark) available from Opelontex Co., Ltd.) were interknitted
in plain stitch under the conditions of a cylinder diameter of 76.2 cm, 28 gauges/2.54
cm, 40 wells, and 62 courses to obtain a gray fabric.
[0075] The gray fabric obtained was dyed in the same manner as in Example 1 through the
process of continuous relaxing/scouring - drying (at 175°C for 25 seconds) - setting
- tucking - dyeing (jet dyeing temperature: 115°C) - drying (at 112°C) - setting to
obtain a textile with a basis weight of 150 g/m
2 comprising 60% by weight of the polyacrylic fiber, 0% by weight of the viscose rayon
fiber, 34% by weight of the cation-dyeable polyester fiber having a mixed cross-section,
and 6% by weight of the polyurethane fiber at a textile weight ratio.
[0076] The textile obtained above was assessed for friction-charged electrostatic potential,
wash-and-wear properties, exothermic property caused by moisture absorption, quick-drying
property, warmth retention, and pilling. In dyeing, a specimen dyed black with a reactive
dye alone and a specimen dyed black with a cationic dye alone were prepared, and their
gray tones were assessed. The results are shown in Table 1. The wash-and-wear properties,
the quick-drying property, and the warmth retention were very high, but the friction-charged
electrostatic potential was 5000 V, and the exothermic property caused by moisture
absorption was 0.4°C, meaning that static electricity was highly likely to occur and
the exothermic property caused by moisture absorption was very low. The pilling grade
was 1-2 (1.5), and the gray tone was white, i.e., not dyed in the case of black-dyeing
with a reactive dye alone, and black in the case of black-dyeing with a cationic dye
alone.
Comparative Example 4
[0077] A spun yarn of 1/64s (count) comprising viscose rayon fiber staple (single fiber
fineness: 1.4 decitex, length: 38 mm, available from Daiwabo Rayon Co., Ltd.) alone
was obtained.
[0078] The spun yarn thus obtained, a cation-dyeable polyester fiber filament (total fineness:
84 decitex, 48 filaments, "TETORON" (registered trademark) available from Toray Industries,
Inc.) having a mixed cross-section of circular cross-section fibers and star cross-section
fibers, and a polyurethane elastic fiber (total fineness: 22 decitex, 2 filaments,
"LYCRA" (registered trademark) available from Opelontex Co., Ltd.) were interknitted
in plain stitch under the conditions of a cylinder diameter of 76.2 cm, 28 gauges/2.54
cm, 40 wells, and 62 courses to obtain a gray fabric.
[0079] The gray fabric obtained was dyed in the same manner as in Example 1 through the
process of continuous relaxing/scouring - drying (at 175°C for 25 seconds) - setting
- tucking - dyeing (jet dyeing temperature: 115°C) - drying (at 112°C) - setting to
obtain a textile with a basis weight of 150 g/m
2 comprising 0% by weight of the polyacrylic fiber, 60% by weight of the viscose rayon
fiber, 34% by weight of the cation-dyeable polyester fiber having a mixed cross-section,
and 6% by weight of the polyurethane fiber at a textile weight ratio.
[0080] The textile obtained above was assessed for friction-charged electrostatic potential,
wash-and-wear properties, exothermic property caused by moisture absorption, quick-drying
property, warmth retention, and pilling. In dyeing, a specimen dyed black with a reactive
dye alone and a specimen dyed black with a cationic dye alone were prepared, and their
gray tones were assessed. The results are shown in Table 1. The friction-charged electrostatic
potential and the exothermic property caused by moisture absorption were high, and
the pilling grade was as high as 3; however, the wash-and-wear properties, the quick-drying
property, and the warmth retention were very low. The gray tone was gray not too dark
in the case of dyeing with a reactive dye alone and gray not too pale in the case
of dyeing with a cationic dye alone.
Comparative Example 5
[0081] Viscose rayon fiber staple (single fiber fineness: 1.4 decitex, length: 38 mm, available
from Daiwabo Rayon Co., Ltd.) in an amount of 55% by weight and acrylic staple (single
fiber fineness: 1.0 decitex, length: 45 mm, "TORELON" (registered trademark) available
from Toray Industries, Inc.) in an amount of 45% by weight to which 0.4 owf% of tetraalkyl
adipate was applied were mixed by carding to obtain a spun yarn of 1/64s (count).
[0082] The spun yarn thus obtained and a polyurethane elastic fiber (total fineness: 22
decitex, 2 filaments, "LYCRA" (registered trademark) available from Opelontex Co.,
Ltd.) were interknitted in plain stitch under the conditions of a cylinder diameter
of 76.2 cm, 28 gauges/2.54 cm, 40 wells, and 62 courses to obtain a gray fabric.
[0083] The gray fabric obtained was dyed in the same manner as in Example 1 through the
process of continuous relaxing/scouring - drying (at 175°C for 25 seconds) - setting
- tucking - dyeing (jet dyeing temperature: 115°C) - drying (at 112°C) - setting to
obtain a textile with a basis weight of 150 g/m
2 comprising 42% by weight of the polyacrylic fiber, 52% by weight of the viscose rayon
fiber, 0% by weight of the cation-dyeable polyester fiber having a mixed cross-section,
and 6% by weight of the polyurethane fiber at a textile weight ratio.
[0084] The textile obtained above was assessed for friction-charged electrostatic potential,
wash-and-wear properties, exothermic property caused by moisture absorption, quick-drying
property, warmth retention, and pilling. In dyeing, a specimen dyed black with a reactive
dye alone and a specimen dyed black with a cationic dye alone were prepared, and their
gray tones were assessed. The results are shown in Table 1. In Comparative Example
5, the friction-charged electrostatic potential, the exothermic property caused by
moisture absorption, and the warmth retention were high, but the wash-and-wear properties
and the quick-drying property were very low. The pilling grade was 2. The gray tone
was gray both in the case of dyeing with a reactive dye alone and in the case of dyeing
with a cationic dye alone.
[0085] Table 1
Table 1
|
|
Example 1 |
Example 2 |
Comparative Example 1 |
Comparative Example 2 |
Comparative Example 3 |
Comparative Example 4 |
Comparative Example 5 |
Mixing ratio |
Polyacrylic (% by weight) |
27 |
27 |
39 |
30 |
60 |
0 |
42 |
Viscose rayon (% bv weight) |
33 |
34 |
21 |
30 |
0 |
60 |
52 |
PET-finished yarn with mixed cross-section (% by weight) |
34 |
- |
34 |
34 |
34 |
34 |
0 |
PET-finished yarn with single cross-section (% bv weight) |
- |
33 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Polyurethane elastic yarn (% by weight) |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Friction-charged electrostatic potential (V) |
1200 |
1000 |
2500 |
1700 |
5000 |
500 |
700 |
|
Wash-and-wear properties (grade) |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3.5 |
2.5 |
2 |
Textile properties |
Exothermic property caused by moisture absorption (°C) |
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
0.3 |
3 |
2.8 |
property (min) |
40 |
35 |
40 |
40 |
20 |
80 |
75 |
|
Quick-drying Warmth retention (%) |
16 |
15 |
20 |
18 |
25 |
10 |
20 |
|
Pilling (grade) |
2-3 (grade 2.5) |
2-3 (grade 2.5) |
2 |
2 |
1-2 (grade 1.5) |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gray tone |
Black-dyeing with reactive dye |
Gray not too pale Degree of dyeing: 33% |
Gray not too pale Degree of dyeing: 34% |
Gray close to white Degree of dyeing: 21% |
Gray not too pale Degree of dyeing: 30% |
White (not dyed) Degree of dyeing: 0% |
Gray not too dark Degree of dyeing: 60% |
Gray Degree of dyeing: 52% |
Black-dyeing with cationic dye |
Gray not too dark Degree of dyeing: 61% |
Gray not too dark Degree of dyeing: 60% |
Gray close to black Degree of dyeing: 79% |
Gray not too dark Degree of dyeing: 64% |
Black Degree of dyeing: 100% |
Gray not too pale Degree of dyeing: 34% |
Gray Degree of dyeing: 42% |