[0001] The invention is related to a pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil,
comprising at least two radially adjacent layers of a wound electrical conductor with
an interim laminar insulation layer inbetween, wherein the interim insulation layer
is foreseen to be transformed to a final insulation layer by curing process.
[0002] It is known that coils for dry transformers in high voltage applications, for example
with a rated voltage in the range of 6kV to 36kV, comprise an electrical conductor,
which is wound layer wise in radially adjacent layers around a winding axis. The axial
winding direction typically changes inbetween radially adjacent winding layers so
that a meander-like winding scheme is gained. Thus during operation of such a coil
a voltage difference inbetween adjacent layers occurs, which is lowest, at this axial
end of a layer, where the conductor is fed up to the radially above laying layer and
which is highest at the axial opposite end of the respective layer.
[0003] In order to avoid any electrical breakdown inbetween adjacent layers during operation
of the coil, it is usual to provide an additional laminar insulation layer inbetween.
This is for example made from a band-like wound prepreg material. Prepreg is a resin
impregnated band material wherein the resin is in B-stage. So the resin respectively
the band material is of harder consistency, wherein it has to become transferred to
its final stage by a curing process at for example 150°C - 170°C. During this curing
process the resin is melting back into a liquid state again and solidifies into a
crystalline structure with extremely hard consistency. So an interim insulation layer
is transformed to a final insulation layer by a curing process.
[0004] In order to improve the insulation ability of such an additional insulation layer
the number of voids respectively cavities, which are not filled with resin, has to
be reduced as much as possible to avoid partial discharge.
[0005] Disadvantageously within the state of the art is that a wound interim insulation
layer typically comprises several voids especially in the wedge-shaped areas inbetween
adjacent conductors within the same layer. Thus during the curing process there is
not sufficient melted resin for filling the whole space inbetween the wound conductors
and the quality of the final insulation layer is reduced therewith.
[0006] It is objective of the invention to provide a pre-product for a dry transformer high
voltage coil with interim laminar insulation layer inbetween adjacent layers of conductors,
which affords the manufacturing of a dry transformer high voltage coil with improved
insulation layer by a curing process.
[0007] The problem is solved by a pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil of
the aforementioned kind. This is characterized in that the interim insulation layer
comprises an inner and two outer insulation layers, wherefrom the inner one is of
hard consistency and the outer ones are of soft consistency.
[0008] Basic idea of the invention is to reduce the amount of voids by providing outer insulation
layers with a soft consistency. So the conductor loops which are wound on an outer
layer with soft consistency are embedded therein, preferably with half of their diameter.
Due to the embedding also the wedge shaped areas inbetween the conductors are filled
with the material of soft consistency in an advantageous way. After curing the soft
material it will be of hard consistency and suitable insulation material for the insulation
layer of the coil.
[0009] In order to ensure an electrically required minimum insulation thickness inbetween
radially adjacent layers of conductors the interim laminar insulation layer comprises
an inner insulation layer of hard consistency which is not considerably caveable so
that its thickness is not reduced by the winding process whilst that a radial pressure
is applied. An outer insulation layer of soft consistency is foreseen on both sides
of the inner layer so that as well conductors which are under the interim insulation
layer as conductors which are above the interim insulation layers are embedded therein.
[0010] Thus the number of voids in the interim insulation layer of the pre-product for a
coil is reduced in an advantageous way and the number of voids in the cured final
insulation layer therewith. The insulation ability of such a layer is improved in
an advantageous way.
[0011] According to a further variant of the invention the consistency of the material of
the inner insulation layer is as hard, that its thickness profile is not considerably
caved while winding the adjacent layer of electrical conductors thereon during manufacturing
process. An electrically required minimum insulation thickness inbetween adjacent
layer of conductors is ensured therewith. Dependent on the electrical requirements
it can be useful to adapt the thickness of the inner insulation layer along the axial
length of the coil so that a wedge shaped cross section of the insulation layer is
formed.
[0012] According to a further variant of the invention that the consistency of the material
of the outer insulation layers is as soft that its thickness profile is nearly form-locking
caved while the adjacent layer of conductors are wound thereon during manufacturing
process. The coil is manufactured from the radial inner layers of conductors respectively
insulation to the radial outer layers. So a layer of conductors is embedded into an
outer insulation layer and afterwards an outer insulation layer is applied on the
layer of conductors. In the ideal case each loop of the layer of conductors is totally
embedded in outer insulation layers so that no voids are present in the interim insulation
layer.
[0013] According to another embodiment of the invention the inner insulation layer comprises
a foil. A foil has the advantage, that it has a constant thickness and is as hard,
that the thickness is not significantly reduced when a pressure is applied thereon.
A constant thickness even under pressure conditions affords a minimum insulation ability
of the whole insulation layer. A suitable material for the foil is for example Kapton
or PE wherein a suitable thickness is in the range of 100 µm to 3.5mm.
[0014] According to a further embodiment of the invention the foil is covered with a coating
that glues the single layers of the interim insulation layer together during the curing
process. In contrast to resin a foil will not be molten during a curing process. Thus
it has to be ensured, that a void-free adhesion of the foil with the both adjacent
outer layers is gained. A suitable material for glue is for example resin-based, preferably
resin in 'B' stage, what means, that it is in a flexible solid state wherein after
remelting the resin in 'B' stage by a curing process a hardening process is initiated.
Prepreg is a band-like material with resin in the 'B' stage.
[0015] According to another embodiment of the invention the outer insulation layers have
a varying thickness profile corresponding roughly to the outer shape of the layer
of conductors to be embedded therein. The cross section of a typical electrical conductor
is round so that a helical wedge-shaped area inbetween adjacent loops of conductors
is built. Accordingly the shape of the not yet impressed outer insulation layer is
thicker in the helical wedge-shaped area. In this case the deformation of the outer
insulation layer is not as high if the layer of conductors is wound thereon.
[0016] According to a further aspect of the invention the outer insulation layers comprise
a resin impregnateable and/or resin impregnated material. In order to reduce the number
of voids within the insulation material the resin is in the liquid state wherein the
resin might become applied during the winding process of the transformer coil or shortly
before.
[0017] According to another embodiment of the invention the outer insulation layers comprise
polyester felt. This is a material with a sufficient soft consistency which additionally
has the ability to suck up liquid resin like a sponge. Thus the number of voids in
the outer insulation layer is reduced in an advantageous way.
[0018] According to another embodiment of the invention the resin impregnateable material
respectively the polyester felt is of different color than the resin for impregnation.
This facilitates an optical control of the quality of impregnation of the polyester
felt. In case that the Polyester felt is of white color and the resin is of black
color the impregnated and not impressed polyester felt would be of dark grey color.
Any areas of poor impregnation would be white or light gray. Of course also other
combinations of colors with a preferably high contrast are suitable.
[0019] According to another embodiment of the invention the interim laminar insulation layer
has been impregnated at least in part during applying it on the layer of electrical
conductors thereunder. Thus it is ensured that potential voids in the edge are of
inner and outer insulation layers for example are completely filled with liquid resin.
In case that there is more resin than voids to be filled the dispensable resin is
remaining on the surface of the coil for impregnating further layers which will be
applied thereon.
[0020] The problem is also solved by a method for manufacturing a dry transformer high voltage
coil, comprising the step of applying heat on a pre-product for a dry transformer
high voltage coil according to the invention. During such a curing process a temperature
of for example 200°C is applied for 2 hours so that the resin can be completely hardened
therewith. After the curing process the formally soft outer insulation layer and the
inner layer are combined to a consistent insulation layer of hard consistency.
[0021] The problem of the invention is additionally solved by a dry transformer high voltage
coil which has been manufactured according to the aforementioned method of the invention.
Thus the quality of the insulation layers is improved by reducing the number of voids
therein.
[0022] Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are mentioned in the dependent
claims.
[0023] The invention will now be further explained by means of an exemplary embodiment and
with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1
- shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in 1 st stage,
- Figure 2
- shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in 2nd stage,
- Figure 3
- shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in 3rd stage,
- Figure 4
- shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in 4th stage,
- Figure 5
- shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in 5th stage,
- Figure 6
- shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in 6tht stage,
- Figure 7
- shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in final stage,
- Figure 8
- shows an exemplary dry transformer high voltage coil
[0024] Figure 1 shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in
1st stage of its production in a sketch 10. A layer 12 of conductor loops 14, 16,
18 is spirally wound around a winding axis 22 on a bobbin 22.
[0025] Figure 2 shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in
2nd stage of its production in a sketch 30. Here an outer insulation layer 32 of soft
consistency, in this case strip-shaped polyester felt, has been wound around the layer
of conductors. Since the material of the outer insulation layer 32 is soft, the outer
shape of the layer of conductors is caved therein.
[0026] Figure 3 shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in
3rd stage of its production in a sketch 40. Here the outer insulation layer 42 has
been impregnated with a liquid resin also in the wedged areas inbetween the loops
of conductors.
[0027] Figure 4 shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in
4
th stage of its production in a sketch 50. Here an inner insulation layer 52, in this
case a polyester foil, has been applied on the impregnated outer insulation layer.
[0028] Figure 5 shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in
5
th stage of its production in a sketch 60. An outer insulation 62 layer from polyester
felt has been applied on the inner insulation layer.
[0029] Figure 6 shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in
6
th stage of its production in a sketch 70. The outer insulation layer 72 from polyester
felt has been impregnated with liquid resin.
[0030] Figure 7 shows an exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in
final stage of its production in a sketch 80. Here a second layer 94 of conductors
has been wound around the insulation layer and the first layer 92 of conductors below.
Of course a real coil might comprise significant more layers of electrical conductors
and insulation layers inbetween.
[0031] Figure 8 shows an exemplary dry transformer high voltage coil in a sketch 100. Due
to a curing process the interim insulation layer with its inner and two outer insulation
layers is now converted into a consistent solid final insulation layer 102.
List of reference signs
[0032]
- 10
- exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in 1 st stage
- 12
- fist layer of wound electrical conductors
- 14
- first conductor loop of first layer
- 16
- second conductor loop of first layer
- 18
- third conductor loop of first layer
- 20
- bobbin
- 22
- axis of rotation
- 30
- exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in 2nd stage
- 32
- outer insulation layer
- 40
- exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in 3rd stage
- 42
- outer insulation layer impregnated with resin
- 50
- exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in 4th stage
- 52
- inner insulation layer
- 60
- exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in 5th stage
- 62
- outer insulation layer
- 70
- exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in 6th stage
- 72
- interim insulation layer
- 74
- outer insulation layer
- 76
- inner insulation layer
- 78
- outer insulation layer
- 90
- exemplary pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil in final stage
- 92
- fist layer of wound electrical conductors
- 94
- second layer of wound electrical conductors
- 100
- exemplary dry transformer high voltage coil
- 102
- final insulation layer
1. Pre-product (90) for a dry transformer high voltage coil (100), comprising at least
two radially adjacent layers (12, 92, 94) of a wound electrical conductor (14, 16,
18) with an interim laminar insulation layer (72) inbetween, wherein the interim insulation
layer (72) is foreseen to be transformed to a final insulation layer (102) by curing
process,
characterized in that
the interim insulation layer (72) comprises an inner (76) and two outer (32, 42, 62,
80) insulation layers, wherefrom the inner one (76) is of hard consistency and the
outer ones (32, 42, 62, 80) are of soft consistency.
2. Pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil according to claim 1, characterized in that the consistency of the material of the inner insulation layer (76) is as hard, that
its thickness profile is not considerably caved while winding the adjacent layer (12,
92, 94) of electrical conductors (14, 16, 18) thereon during manufacturing process.
3. Pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the consistency of the material of the outer insulation layers (32, 42, 62, 80) is
as soft that its thickness profile is nearly form-locking caved while winding the
adjacent layer (12, 92, 94) of conductors (14, 16, 18) thereon during manufacturing
process.
4. Pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil according any of the previous
claims, characterized in that the inner insulation layer (76) comprises a foil.
5. Pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil according to claim 4, characterized in that the foil is covered with a coating that glues the interim insulation layer (72) together
during the curing process.
6. Pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil according to any of the previous
claims, characterized in that the outer insulation layers (32, 42, 62, 80) have a varying thickness profile corresponding
roughly to the outer shape of the layer (12, 92, 94) of conductors (14, 16, 18) to
be embedded therein.
7. Pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil according to any of the previous
claims, characterized in that the outer insulation layers (32, 42, 62, 80) comprise a resin impregnateable and/or
resin impregnated material.
8. Pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil according to claim 7, characterized in that the outer insulation layers (32, 42, 62, 80) comprise polyester felt.
9. Pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil according to any of the previous
claims, characterized in that the resin impregnateable material respectively the polyester felt is of different
color than the resin for impregnation.
10. Pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil according to claim 7 to 9, characterized in that the interim laminar insulation layer (72) has been impregnated at least in part during
applying it on the layer (12, 92, 94) of electrical conductors (14, 16, 18) thereunder.
11. Method for manufacturing a dry transformer high voltage coil (100), comprising the
step of applying heat on a pre-product for a dry transformer high voltage coil (90)
according to claim 1 to 10.
12. Dry transformer high voltage coil, characterized in that it has been manufactured according to the method of claim 11.