[0001] The present invention relates to a system for actively reducing noise passing through
an opening in a sound barrier. The invention further relates to a method for actively
reducing noise passing through an opening in a sound barrier.
[0002] Different kinds of active noise reducing or noise canceling systems which use sound
from a secondary sound source to reduce or cancel unwanted sound, i.e., noise, from
another sound source have been known for some time. One particular kind of noise reducing
system is primarily provided for reducing noise passing through a well-defined opening
or interface in a sound barrier. Such systems may, for example, be used for reducing
noise entering a room through a window, wherein a room is an example of a confined
space delimited by walls that form a sound barrier and a window is an example of a
defined opening or interface.
[0003] An exemplary system of the above kind is described in
DE 10 2005 016 021 A1. The system comprises a plurality of secondary sound sources, a control circuit,
a reference sensor and an error sensor which are used to reduce noise passing through
an opening in a sound barrier into a confined space. The noise is created outside
of the confined space by a generic primary sound source and enters the inside of the
confined space through an opening in the sound barrier in form of sound waves. For
reducing the noise inside the confined space, the secondary sound sources are arranged
in the opening facing towards the confined space such that they can emit sound waves
towards the confined space. The reference sensor is arranged between the primary sound
source emitting the sound waves that are perceived as noise inside the confined space
and the secondary sound sources. The error sensor is arranged inside the confined
space, i.e., on that side of the opening facing away from the primary sound source.
[0004] Both the error sensor and the reference sensor are connected to the control circuit
for transmitting an error signal and a reference signal, respectively. The control
circuit calculates control signals for driving the secondary sound sources such that
the overall noise or sound level at the error sensors is minimized. To this end, the
system requires both the reference signal captured outside of the confined space and
the error signal captured inside the confined space. The reference signal is used
to provide an open-loop or non-feedback control of the sound emitted by the secondary
sound sources as the incoming noise is picked up by the error sensor before it reaches
the confined space. The error signal is used to improve the open-loop control by picking
up the noise not canceled by the system.
[0005] This system has been found disadvantageous as the reference sensor has to be arranged
on that side of the sound barrier facing away from the confined space, i.e., between
the secondary sound sources and the primary sound source. In many applications an
arrangement of a reference sensor outside of the confined space will not be possible.
[0006] A system without a reference sensor is described in
DE 10 2007 012 611 A1. The active noise control system described here also uses a plurality of secondary
sound sources, a control circuit and a plurality of error sensors and is also designed
for reducing noising passing through a sound barrier by shielding the sound that enters
the confined space through a defined opening. The secondary sound sources are arranged
in the opening. They face towards the inside of the confined space and, thus, away
from any primary sound source arranged outside the confined space and emitting the
sounds that are conceived as noise inside the confined space, i.e., on that side of
the sound barrier facing away from the primary sound sources. One focus of this system
is the arrangement of the secondary sound sources and their directional characteristic.
For optimizing the attenuation of noise inside the confined space the secondary sound
sources are arranged such that their directional characteristics meet the directional
characteristics of the noise at the defined opening. Control signals for the secondary
sound sources are generated by a control circuit from error signals picked up by the
error sensors. These error sensors are preferably arranged in an equidistant matrix
arrangement inside the confined space.
[0007] The above active noise control system may improve the quality of the noise reduction
inside the confined space. However, as the system does not use a reference sensor
and the error sensors are arranged inside the confined space, i.e., in the propagation
direction of the sound waves which are conceived as noise on the far side of the secondary
sound sources, a timely adaption to changing noise is not possible. The system is
rather only capable of reducing stationary noise.
[0008] In view of the above it is an object of the present invention to provide a system
for actively reducing noise passing through an opening in a sound barrier that overcomes
at least some of the disadvantages of the systems disclosed in the prior art. In particular,
the system should be able to adapt itself to changing noise and not require a reference
sensor arranged between the secondary sound sources and a primary sound source generating
the sound waves perceived as noise.
[0009] In a first aspect the problem is solved by a system for actively reducing noise passing
through an opening in a sound barrier. The opening is delimited by a boundary. The
system comprises one or more sound blocking arrangements. Each sound blocking arrangement
comprises a sound source, a sensor and a control circuit. Each sound blocking arrangement
is adapted to be arranged at the opening such that the sound source of the sound blocking
arrangement is arranged to emit sound and the sensor of the sound blocking arrangement
is adapted to sense a sound characteristic in form of a sound pressure and/or a sound
velocity and/or a sound intensity in a location in the opening. The sensor of each
sound blocking arrangement is adapted for transmitting a signal representative of
the sensed sound characteristic to the control circuit of the respective sound blocking
arrangement. The control circuit of each sound blocking arrangement is adapted to
receive the signal from the sensor of the respective sound blocking arrangement, generate
from the received signal a control signal for the sound source of the respective sound
blocking arrangement and transmit the determined control signal to the sound source.
The sound source of each sound blocking arrangement is adapted to receive the control
signal transmitted by the control circuit of the respective sound blocking arrangement
and emit sound in accordance with the received control signal. The control signal
for each sound blocking arrangement is determined such that the sound characteristic
sensed by the sensor of the respective sound blocking arrangement is minimized. For
each sound blocking arrangement the distance between the location in which the sensor
of the respective sound blocking arrangement senses a sound characteristic and the
sound source of the respective sound blocking arrangement is not greater than the
distance between the location in which the sensor of the respective sound blocking
arrangement senses a sound characteristic and the sound source of any other sound
blocking arrangement of the system.
[0010] In other words, the system according to the present invention comprises at least
one and preferably a plurality of sound blocking arrangements. Each of the sound blocking
arrangements comprises a sound source, a sensor and a control circuit. The sound source
may, for example, be a loudspeaker. The sound source which can also be referred to
as a secondary sound source should be adapted to emit sound in the frequency range
of the noise that shall be reduced. The sensor is adapted to sense sound characteristic
and could, for example, be formed by a microphone adapted to sense a sound pressure.
Finally, the control circuit can, for example, be formed by a single microcontroller
or a plurality of electronic elements. Both the sensor and the sound source of each
sound blocking arrangement are functionally connected to the control circuit such
that signals can be transmitted from the sensor to the control circuit and from the
control circuit to the sound source. The sensor and the sound source can be connected
directly to the control circuit. However, it is also possible that intermediate elements
are arranged between the control circuit and the sensor or the sound source, respectively.
[0011] The sensors and sound sources of all sound blocking arrangements are arranged at
the opening in the sound barrier. The opening may, for example, be a window opening
to a room inside a house where the walls of the room form a sound barrier. The opening
could also be a door to a department store where the walls of the department store
form a sound barrier. In another example, the sound barrier is formed by a machine
housing or machine frame surrounding a machine and the opening is provided in the
machine housing. In this example, the primary sound source generating the noise may
be the machine inside the machine housing and the exterior is largely shielded from
the noise generated by the machine by the machine housing that forms the sound barrier.
To further reduce the noise, the system according to the present invention can be
placed around the opening in the machine housing.
[0012] In any case, the opening forms a path for sound from primary sound sources arranged
on one side of the sound barrier to the other side of the sound barrier. The sound
of these primary sound sources is unwanted on the other side of the sound barrier
and, therefore, conceived as noise. The sound blocking arrangements are provided for
reducing the noise as it passes through the opening. The opening itself is delimited
by a boundary or border, for example, a window frame, and may extend in plane.
[0013] Each of the sensors is arranged such that it can sense a sound characteristic in
form of a sound pressure and/or a sound velocity and/or a sound intensity in a different
location in the opening than any of the other sensors, i.e., the sound characteristic
is measured in as many different positions as there are sound blocking arrangements
in the system. A signal representative of the sound characteristic sensed by each
of the sensors is transmitted from each sensor to the control circuit of the respective
sound blocking arrangement.
[0014] The signals representative of a sound characteristic are received at the respective
control circuits and used to determine a control signal for the sound sources of the
respective sound blocking arrangements. The control signal is determined with the
object to minimize the sensed sound characteristic at the location where the sensor
of the respective sound blocking arrangement senses the sound characteristic.
[0015] It should be noted that the term "to minimize" is not understood as reaching an absolute
minimum. It is understood in that a relative, technically feasible minimum shall be
reached. In this regard, minimizing the sound characteristic sensed by a sensor refers
to the aim of reaching a technically feasible minimum sound characteristic, e.g.,
a minimum sound pressure. Methods of determining a control signal for a sound source
to minimize a sound characteristic at a distant location are well known in the prior
art. It is, for example, possible to use a linear predictor algorithm to determine
a control signal.
[0016] Finally, the control signal determined by a control circuit is transmitted to the
sound source of the respective sound blocking arrangement. Here, the control signal
is received and used to drive the sound source to generate sound waves in accordance
with the control signal. The sound waves emitted by the sound source than interfere
with the sound waves received from the primary sources and reduce the sound characteristic
at the corresponding location where the sound characteristic is sensed by the sensor
of the respective sound blocking arrangement, i.e., the corresponding sensing location.
As the sound characteristic reduced or minimized at the sensing location is again
sensed or picked up by the respective sensor, a closed-loop or feedback-loop control
of each sound blocking arrangement is provided. Prior art systems of a similar kind
relied largely on open loop control for reducing changing noise passing through an
opening in a sound barrier.
[0017] To make sure that the sound characteristic, e.g., the sound pressure, can be successfully
reduced as much as technically feasible, the distance the sound wave travels between
each sound source and the corresponding sensing location has to be as small as possible
to reduce the time a single loop of the closed-loop control requires. To this end,
it is required that the distance between the sensing location of each sound blocking
arrangement and the corresponding sound source is not greater than the distance to
any sound source of any other sound blocking arrangement.
[0018] The system according to the present invention advantageously provides a means for
reducing noise passing through an opening in a sound barrier using a closed-loop control
which does not require a sensor arranged between the opening and the primary sound
source. Further, as a closed-loop control with a sensor arranged in close vicinity
to the sound source of the respective sound blocking arrangement is provided, the
control response time of each sound blocking arrangement is small enough to respond
to changing noise.
[0019] In a preferred embodiment the sound source and the sensor of each sound blocking
arrangement are arranged in a common housing. Further, the control circuit of each
sound blocking arrangement is preferably arranged in the common housing with the sensor
and the sound source of the respective sound blocking arrangement. Thus, the sound
blocking arrangements can be provided in a compact form which has advantages both
in regard to installing the sound blocking arrangement in an opening and in regard
to the control response time of the sound blocking arrangements. Both the travel or
propagation time of sound emitted by the sound source of each sound blocking arrangement
to the respective sensor and also the signal propagation time in the circuits of the
sound blocking arrangement can be reduced further. This improves in particular the
quality of the reduction of time-variant noise.
[0020] It is further preferred that for each sound blocking arrangement the sensor and the
sound source of the sound blocking arrangement are arranged such that a travel time
of sound emitted by the sound source to the sensor is minimized. Once again, the term
"to minimize" does not refer to an absolute minimum in the travel time but to a relative,
technically feasible minimum.
[0021] In a preferred embodiment each sound blocking arrangement comprises an analog digital
converter for converting an analog signal of the sensor of the same sound blocking
arrangement to a digital signal with a sampling rate. The sensor of each sound blocking
arrangement has a sensor cutoff frequency. The sampling rate of the analog digital
converter of each sound blocking arrangement exceeds the sensor cutoff frequency at
least by a factor of two.
[0022] In other words, each of the sound blocking arrangements comprises an analog digital
converter which converts the analog signal sensed by the sensor of the sound blocking
arrangement into a digital signal. The analog digital converter can be part of the
sensor, the control circuit or a separate element arranged between the sensor and
the control circuit of a sound blocking arrangement. Thus, the signal transmitted
from the sensor to the control circuit can be transmitted in form of a digital signal,
an analog signal or can be converted from an analog signal to a digital signal while
being transmitted from the sensor to the corresponding control circuit. The sound
characteristic can only be sensed by the sensor in a limited frequency range due to
inherent structural limitations of the sensor. The upper end of the frequency range
is commonly referred to as the cutoff frequency or corner frequency and may, for example,
be defined as the frequency at which the output power of the circuit drops approximately
to half. The cutoff frequency of the sensor can, for example, be 10 kHz. The sound
characteristic of sound waves impinging on the opening at frequencies above the cutoff
frequency are not picked up or only picked up with a lower sensitivity. Thus, the
sensor serves as a low pass filter.
[0023] As the analog digital converter operates at a sampling rate exceeding the cutoff
frequency of the sensor at least by a factor of two, the Nyquist-Shannon sampling
theorem is satisfied. Thus, the system does not require any additional analog low-pass
filter or anti-aliasing filters which delay signal processing and increase the control
response time of the sound blocking arrangements. In other words, by using a high
sampling rate, additional filters can be avoided which reduces the time each loop
in the closed-loop control of each of the sound blocking arrangements requires. Therefore,
the system has further improved capabilities of attenuating or reducing time-variant
noise.
[0024] It is further preferred that each sound blocking arrangement comprises the analog
digital converter with the sampling rate. The sound source of each sound blocking
arrangement has a sound source cutoff frequency and the sampling rate of the analog
digital converter of each sound blocking arrangement exceeds the sound source cutoff
frequency of the respective sound blocking arrangement at least by a factor of two.
Here, in the same manner as previously described, the sound source itself is used
as a low pass filter which avoids the need of reconstruction filters for isolation
of one or more desired part of the analog signal and also increases the control response
time of the sound blocking arrangements.
[0025] In a preferred embodiment each sound blocking arrangement comprises a switching amplifier
for amplifying the control signal generated by the control circuit of the respective
sound blocking arrangement. The switching amplifier of each sound blocking arrangement
generates a pulsed analog control signal, wherein the pulsed analog control signal
is used for driving the sound source of the respective sound blocking arrangement.
A switching amplifier is a digital amplifier that can advantageously be provided on
the same chip as the control circuits determining the control signal for the sound
sources. Thereby, the overall dimension and power consumption of the system can be
reduced as compared to the use of an analog amplifier. Switching amplifiers generate
a pulsed analog output signal with a sampling rate that corresponds to the sampling
rate of the analog digital converter. Commonly, a reconstruction filter is required
between a switching amplifier and a sound source for demodulation of the analog pulsed
output signal for driving the output source. However, in the present embodiment the
frequency of the pulsed output signal of the switching amplifier exceeds the cutoff
frequency of the sound source at least by a factor of two. Hence, the limited frequency
response of the sound source itself smoothens the pulsed output signal and no reconstruction
filter is required. This further reduces the control response time of the sound blocking
arrangements.
[0026] In addition, the system preferably comprises a plurality of sound blocking arrangements.
The sensor of at least one sound blocking arrangement is adapted for transmitting
the signal representative of the sensed sound characteristic to the control circuit
of at least one other sound blocking arrangement. The control circuit of the at least
one other sound blocking arrangement is adapted to receive the signal representative
of the sensed sound characteristic from the sensor of the at least one sound blocking
arrangement and to generate the control signal from all signals representative of
sensed sound characteristics received by the control circuit. For example, the signals
captured by the sensors of two adjacent sound blocking arrangements of the system
can be exchanged to improve the noise reduction.
[0027] It is furthermore preferred if the system comprises a plurality of sound blocking
arrangements arranged in a common elongated housing, wherein the elongated housing
extends along a longitudinal direction and the sound sources of the plurality of sound
blocking arrangements are aligned along the longitudinal direction. In other words,
the sound blocking arrangements or at least some of the sound blocking arrangements
of the system are arranged in a common housing which is formed as an elongated bar
or beam. Such bars can, for example, be arranged along the boundary delimiting the
opening to the confined space.
[0028] In a second aspect the problem is solved by a method for actively reducing noise
passing through an opening in a sound barrier, wherein the opening is delimited by
a boundary. The method comprising the following steps:
- sensing a sound characteristic in form of a sound pressure and/or a sound velocity
and/or sound intensity of sound waves in one or more locations in the opening,
- determining from each of the sensed sound characteristics a control signal for a separate
sound source arranged in the opening and
- emitting sound with each of the sound sources in accordance with the control signal
determined for the respective sound source.
[0029] The control signal for each sound source is determined such that the sensed sound
characteristic from which the control signal for the respective sound source has been
determined is minimized. The distance between the location at which the sound characteristic
is sensed from which the control signal for a specific sound source is determined
and the respective sound source is not greater than the distance between the location
at which the sound characteristic is sensed from which the control signal for the
specific sound source is determined and any other sound source used in the method.
[0030] In a preferred embodiment the sound sources are arranged such that a travel time
of sound emitted by each of the sound sources to the location where the sound characteristic
is sensed from which the control signal of the respective sound source is determined
is minimized.
[0031] It is further preferred that in each location the sound characteristic is sensed
up to a sensing cutoff frequency and an analog signal representative of the sensed
sound characteristic is converted to a digital signal with a sampling rate exceeding
the sensing cutoff frequency up to which the respective sound characteristic is sensed
at least by a factor of two.
[0032] Further, each sound source preferably has a sound source cutoff frequency and each
signal representative of a sensed sound characteristic is converted to a digital signal
with a sampling rate exceeding the sound source cutoff frequency of the sound source
for which the control signal from the respective sensed sound characteristic is determined
at least by a factor of two.
[0033] In another preferred embodiment each control signal determined for one of the sound
sources is converted from a digital control signal to a pulsed analog control signal,
wherein the pulsed analog control signal is used for driving the respective sound
source.
[0034] Furthermore, the control signal for at least one of the sound sources used in the
method is preferably additionally determined from a sound characteristic sensed at
a location which is at a distance from the respective sound source that is not smaller
than the distance between the location at which the sound characteristic is sensed
from which the control signal is additionally determined and at least one other sound
source used in the method.
[0035] Finally, a plurality of sound sources used in the method are preferably arranged
in a common elongated housing, wherein the elongated housing extends along a longitudinal
direction and the plurality sound sources are aligned along the longitudinal direction.
[0036] The definitions and additional aspects of the various embodiment of the system according
to the present invention also apply to the method according to the present invention.
In addition, the different embodiments of the method according to the present invention
share the advantages of the embodiments of the system according to the present invention
comprising corresponding features.
[0037] In the following, exemplary embodiments of the system and the method according to
the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, wherein
- Fig. 1
- shows a first exemplary arrangement of a plurality of exemplary embodiments of systems
according to the present invention arranged in an opening in a sound barrier,
- Fig. 2
- shows a second exemplary arrangement of a plurality of exemplary embodiments of systems
according to the present invention arranged in an opening in a sound barrier,
- Fig. 3a
- shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a system according to the present
invention,
- Fig. 3b
- shows a sectional view of the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 3a along the line A-A,
- Fig. 4a
- shows a perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of a system according to
the present invention,
- Fig. 4b
- shows a sectional view of the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 4a along the line B-B,
- Fig. 5
- shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a system according to the present
invention,
- Fig. 6
- shows a block diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a system according to the
present invention,
- Fig. 7
- shows a schematic representation of a control path of an exemplary embodiment of a
system according to the present invention and
- Fig. 8
- shows a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the present
invention.
[0038] In the Figures corresponding elements of different exemplary embodiments may be designated
with like reference numerals.
[0039] Fig. 1 shows a confined space 1 in form of an indoor room 1 of a building. The walls
2 of the indoor room 1 and, in particular, the wall 2 comprising an opening 3 form
a sound barrier 2. Two of the six walls delimiting the confined space 1 are not shown
in Fig. 1. The opening 3 could, for example, be a window 3. The opening 3 could also
be described as an extended interface to an environment. In the example shown in Fig.
1 the opening 3 extends along a plane and is delimited by a boundary in form of a
window frame (not shown). Outside of the confined space 1 one or more undefined primary
sound sources (not shown) are present. The primary sound sources emit sound waves
5 that can enter the confined space 1 through the opening 3 in the sound barrier 2.
Inside the confined space 1 the sound waves 5 of the primary sources are conceived
as noise.
[0040] To reduce the noise inside the confined space 1, six systems 7 for actively reducing
noise according to the present invention are arranged along the window frame delimiting
the opening 3. The opening 3 has a rectangular shape with four sides. On each of the
four sides at least one system 7 for actively reducing noise is arranged. Each of
the systems 7 comprises a plurality of sound blocking arrangements arranged in a bar-shaped
common housing 9. In Fig. 1 most parts of the sound blocking arrangements are hidden
arranged inside the respective housings 9. The only parts that are visible are sound
sources 11 in form of loudspeakers 11 and sensors 12 for sensing a sound characteristic
in form of microphones 12. To keep Fig. 1 neat and tidy only some of the sound sources
11 and sensors 12 have been designated with reference numerals. As can be seen in
Fig. 1, the sound sources of each system 7 are arranged along a common longitudinal
direction into which the elongated housings of the systems 7 extend. The sound sources
11 of opposing systems 7 are arranged such that they face towards each and emit sound
in parallel to the plane in which the opening extends. The details of exemplary embodiments
of systems 7 for reducing noise will be explained in more detail with reference to
Figs. 3a to 7. In the example shown in Fig. 1 all sensors 12 are arranged in the same
plane facing towards the confined space 1. However, this is not a necessary requirement.
[0041] Fig. 2 also shows a confined space 1 in form of an indoor room 1 with a similar arrangement
of an opening 3 in a sound barrier 2 and primary sound sources arranged outside the
confined space 1 and emitting sound waves 5 that are perceived as noise inside the
confined space 1 as in Fig. 1, i.e., on that side of the sound barrier 2 and the opening
3 facing away from the primary sources. Four systems 13, 15 for reducing noise or
noise reduction systems 13, 15 are arranged in the plane of the opening 3. Each of
the systems 13, 15 comprises three sound blocking arrangements of which the sound
sources 17, 19 in form of loudspeakers 17, 19 and the sensors 12 for sensing a sound
characteristic in form of microphones 12 are shown in Fig. 2. Two of the noise reduction
systems 13 are arranged along the upper and lower boundary of the opening 3, i.e.,
the window frame. The sound sources 17 of these system 13 are arranged in the same
manner as in Fig. 1, i.e., they face towards each other. The remaining two systems
15 are arranged in the opening 3 such that they extend in parallel to the upper and
lower systems 13. The sound sources 19 of these systems face away from the opening
and towards the confined space 1. All sensors 12 are aligned in the same plane and
face towards the confined space 1. For the sake of brevity, further details of Fig.
2 will not be described in more detailed as they correspond to Fig. 1. In particular,
potential embodiments of the noise reducing system 13, 15 will be described in more
detail with regard to Figs. 3a to 7. Please note that in Fig. 2 only some of the sound
sources 17, 19 and only some of the sensors 12 have been designated with reference
numerals.
[0042] Figs. 3a and 3b show a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a system
21 for reducing noise according to the present invention. The system 21 comprises
three sound blocking arrangements 23. Each of these sound blocking arrangements 23
comprises a sound source 25 in form of a loudspeaker 25, a sensor 27 for sensing a
sound characteristic in form of a sound pressure and a control circuit 29. The sensors
27 are provided as microphones 27. The sound blocking arrangements 23 are arranged
in a common elongated housing 31. The elongated housing 31 extends along a longitudinal
direction 33. The sensors 27 of the sound blocking arrangement 23 are aligned along
the longitudinal direction 33. Likewise, the sound sources 25 of the sound blocking
arrangements are arranged along the longitudinal direction 33. In the embodiment shown
in Fig. 1, all sound sources 25 and sensors 27 of the different sound blocking arrangements
23 are arranged on the same outer surface 35 of the common housing 31 and all arranged
along the longitudinal axis 33. The exemplary embodiment of a noise reduction system
21 shown in Figs. 3a and 3b could, for example, be used in the arrangements shown
in Figs. 1 and 2.
[0043] From Fig. 3a it can be taken that the sensors 27 are arranged in close proximity
to the sound sources 25 of the respective sound blocking arrangements 23 to minimize
the travel or propagation time of sound from the sound source 25 to the corresponding
sensors 27 but without being placed in the primary sound field of the sound sources
25. In particular, the sensors 27 are arranged such that each sensor 27 is not arranged
in a smaller distance to any other sound source 25 than to the sound source 25 of
the respective sound blocking arrangement 23. In the exemplary embodiment shown in
Figs. 3a and 3b, the distance between a sensor 27 and the two adjacent sound sources
25 is the same such that the sound pressure sensed by the sensor 27 can not only be
used by the respective sound blocking arrangement 23 but also transmitted to an adjacent
sound blocking arrangement 23 for improving the quality of the noise reduction. To
this end an additional sensor 37 is provided which generates an additional sound pressure
signal for one of the sound blocking arrangements 23. The operation of the system
21 will be explained in more detail with reference to Figs. 5 to 6.
[0044] An alternative exemplary embodiment of a noise reduction system 21 is shown in Figs.
4a and 4b. The system 21 shown in Figs. 4a and 4b is very similar to the system 21
shown in Figs. 3a and 3b. For the sake of brevity only the differences between the
embodiments will be described in more detail. As can be seen in Figs. 4a and 4b, the
sensors 27 are not arranged on the same outer surface 35 as the sound sources 25 but
on another outer surface 39 of the housing 31 extending perpendicular to the outer
surface 35 on which the sound sources 25 are arranged. Nevertheless, the sensors 27
are all aligned along the longitudinal direction 33. The system 23 shown in Figs.
3a and 3b could, for example, be used as noise reducing systems 15 in the arrangement
shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
[0045] Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a system 41 according to the present invention. The
block diagram could be realized in any of the noise reduction system 7, 13, 15, 21
shown in Figs. 1 to 4b. The system 41 comprises a plurality of sound blocking arrangements
43 each comprising a sensor 45, a control circuit 47 and a sound source 49. The sensors
45 are formed as microphones and provided for sensing a sound characteristic in form
of a sound pressure. A signal representative of sound pressure is transmitted from
each sensor 45 to the control circuit 47 of the respective sound blocking arrangement
43. Here, the signal representative of the sound pressure is received and a control
signal for the sound source 49 of the respective sound blocking arrangement 43 is
determined. The control signal is determined such that the sound characteristic, i.e.,
the sound pressure, sensed at the sensor 45 of the respective sound blocking arrangement
is minimized. Once the control circuit 47 has determined a control signal, the control
signal is transmitted to the corresponding sound source 49, which is in turn driven
in accordance with the control signal determined by the control circuit 47. In Fig.
5 details of the different sound blocking arrangements 43 including any filters, amplifiers
or analog digital converters have been omitted. A detailed representation of an embodiment
of a sound blocking arrangement including these elements will be described with reference
to Fig. 7.
[0046] An alternative block diagram of a system 51 for reducing noise according to the present
invention is shown in Fig. 6. The system 51 comprises four sound blocking arrangements
53 each comprising a sensor 55 and a sound source 57 which can be formed as the sensors
and sound sources of the previously described embodiments. Contrary to the preceding
embodiment, the control circuits 59 of two sound blocking arrangements 53 have been
combined into a single unit. The signals representative of sound pressure are transmitted
from the sensors 55 of both sound blocking arrangements 53 that are connected to the
same control circuit 59. Here, both signals are used for determining control signals
for the respective sound sources 57 that result in a minimized sound pressure at the
location of the sensor 53 if the sound sources 57 are driven according to the control
signal. By combining signals from a plurality of sensors 55, the quality of the noise
reduction can be increased.
[0047] To further improve the quality of the noise reduction by the system 51, each of the
control circuits 59 has an input line 61 where output signals of other control circuits
59 of the same system 51 or even output signals of control circuits from other noise
reduction systems received through a system-wide input 63 can be received. These additional
input signals can further be used to improve the quality of the noise reduction provided
by the system 51. However, it has to be taken into consideration that the more input
signals are used, the more the control response time of the system 51 increases which
in turn reduces the capability of the system 51 to adapt to changing noise. Both control
circuits 59 also comprise output lines 65 for transmitting output signals to other
control circuits 59 or other sound reducing systems through a system-wide output 67.
[0048] Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of a control loop 69 schematically describing the operation
of a sound blocking arrangement 71 as realized, for example, in the sound blocking
arrangements 43 which are shown in Fig. 5. The sound blocking arrangement 71 comprises
a sensor 73, an analog amplifier 75, an analog digital (A/D) converter 77, a control
circuit 79, a switching amplifier or the class-D amplifier 81 and a sound source 83.
The symbol shown between the sound source 83 and the sensor 73 schematically represents
the travel or transit time 85 that sound waves require to travel from the sound source
83 to the sensor 73.
[0049] In the control loop 69 shown in Fig. 7 the sensor 73 picks up a sound characteristic
in form of sound pressure and transmits a signal representative of this sound characteristic
to the analog amplifier 75. The sensor 73 only picks up a sound characteristic of
sound waves up to a sensing cutoff frequency above which the sensitivity of the sensor
73 drops off. Thus, the sensor 73 essentially functions as a low-pass filter for frequencies
above the sensing cutoff frequency.
[0050] The signal representative of a sound characteristic is amplified in the analog amplifier
75 before it is converted into a digital signal in the A/D converter 77. The A/D converter
77 operates with a sampling rate exceeding the sensing cutoff frequency at least by
a factor of two. Hence, due to the low-pass filter function of the sensor 73 and the
high sampling rate of, for example, 20 kHz no anti-aliasing filters or additional
low-pass filters are required which delay the signal between the sensor 73 and the
control circuit 79. Thus, by using a sufficiently high sampling rate at the A/D converter
77, the control response time of the control loop 69 can be decreased which in turn
improves the ability of the sound blocking arrangement 71 to respond to changing noise.
[0051] The control circuit 79 operates as previously described and determines a digital
control signal for the sound source 83 which could be formed, for example, as a loudspeaker.
The digital control signal is transmitted to the switching amplifier 81 which combines
the function of an amplifier 87 and a digital to analog converter 89. The switching
amplifier 81 generates as output a pulsed analog control signal having a pulse rate
that corresponds to the sampling rate of the A/D converter 77. In the exemplary embodiment
shown in Fig. 7 the sampling rate has not only been chosen such that it exceeds the
cutoff frequency of the sensor 73 but also exceeds the cutoff frequency of the loudspeaker
or sound source 83 at least by a factor of two. Thus, no reconstruction filter is
required for smoothing the output of the switching amplifier 81 before it can be used
for driving the sound source. Hence, the control response time of the control loop
69 is further reduced as the control signal is not slowed down by a reconstruction
filter. Further, the switching amplifier 81 can be placed on the same chip as the
control circuit 79 which reduces the size of the entire circuit. Furthermore, the
power consumption as compared to a conventional digital-to-analog converter and an
analog amplifier are reduced.
[0052] Finally, Fig. 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method for actively reducing noise
passing through an opening in a sound barrier according to the present invention,
wherein the opening extends is delimited by a boundary. In a first step 91 a sound
characteristic of sound waves is sensed in a plurality of locations in the opening.
The sound characteristic is sensed up to a sensing cutoff frequency, i.e., an upper
limit of the frequency spectrum that can be sensed by the sensors. In a second step
93 analog signals representative of the sensed sound characteristic are converted
to digital signals using a sampling rate that exceeds the sensing cutoff frequency
at least by a factor of two. Thereby, it is ensured that the Nyquist-Shannon sampling
theorem is satisfied and no additional low-pass filters or anti-aliasing filters are
required which increases the control response time of the method.
[0053] In a third step 95 control signals for sound sources are generated or determined
from the now digital signals representing the sensed sound characteristic. The digital
control signals are then converted back in a fourth step 97 to pulsed analog control
signals with a pulse rate exceeding a cutoff frequency of the sound sources at least
by a factor of two. Thus, no further reconstruction filters are required for smoothing
the control signal. This also reduces the control response time of the method according
to the present invention. Finally, in fifth or last step 99 the sound sources are
driven with the pulsed analog control signals generated in the fourth step 97. The
sound pressure generated by the combination of the output of the sound sources and
the noise that shall be reduced is then picked up again in the first step 91. Here,
the distance between the sound sources and the locations in which the sound pressure
is sensed has been minimized to make sure that the control response time and, therefore,
the ability of the method to respond to changing noise is optimized.
1. A system (7, 13, 15, 41, 51) for actively reducing noise passing through an opening
(3) in a sound barrier (2), the system (7, 13, 15, 41, 51) comprising one or more
sound blocking arrangements (23, 43, 53, 71), wherein the opening (3) is delimited
by a boundary,
wherein each sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) comprises a sound source
(11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83), a sensor (12, 27, 45, 55, 73) and a control circuit
(29, 47, 59, 79),
wherein each sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) is adapted to be arranged
at the opening (3) such that the sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) of the
sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) is arranged to emit sound and the sensor
(12, 27, 45, 55, 73) of the sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) is arranged
to sense a sound characteristic in form of a sound pressure and/or a sound velocity
and/or a sound intensity in a location in the opening (3),
wherein the sensor (12, 27, 45, 55, 73) of each sound blocking arrangement (23, 43,
53, 71) is adapted for transmitting a signal representative of the sensed sound characteristic
to the control circuit (29, 47, 59, 79) of the respective sound blocking arrangement
(23, 43, 53, 71),
wherein the control circuit (29, 47, 59, 79) of each sound blocking arrangement (23,
43, 53, 71) is adapted to receive the signal from the sensor (12, 27, 45, 55, 73)
of the respective sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71), to generate from the
received signal a control signal for the sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83)
of the respective sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) and to transmit the
determined control signal to the sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83),
wherein the sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) of each sound blocking arrangement
(23, 43, 53, 71) is adapted to receive the control signal transmitted by the control
circuit (29, 47, 59, 79) of the respective sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53,
71) and to emit sound in accordance with the received control signal,
wherein the control signal for each sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) is
determined such that the sound characteristic sensed by the sensor (12, 27, 45, 55,
73) of the respective sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) is minimized and
wherein for each sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) the distance between
the location in which the sensor (12, 27, 45, 55, 73) of the respective sound blocking
arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) senses a sound characteristic and the sound source (11,
17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) of the respective sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53,
71) is not greater than the distance between the location in which the sensor (12,
27, 45, 55, 73) of the respective sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) senses
a sound characteristic and the sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) of any other
sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) of the system (7, 13, 15, 41, 51).
2. The system (7, 13, 15, 41, 51) according to claim 1, wherein the sound source (11,
17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) and the sensor (12, 27, 45, 55, 73) of each sound blocking
arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) are arranged in a common housing (9, 31),
wherein further the control circuit (29, 47, 59, 79) of each sound blocking arrangement
(23, 43, 53, 71) is preferably arranged in the common housing (9, 31) with the sensor
(12, 27, 45, 55, 73) and the sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) of the respective
sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71).
3. The system (7, 13, 15, 41, 51) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein for
each sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) the sensor (12, 27, 45, 55, 73) and
the sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) of the sound blocking arrangement (23,
43, 53, 71) are arranged such that a travel time (85) of sound emitted by the sound
source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) to the sensor (12, 27, 45, 55, 73) is minimized.
4. The system (7, 13, 15, 41, 51) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each
sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) comprises an analog digital converter
(77) for converting an analog signal of the sensor (12, 27, 45, 55, 73) of the same
sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) representative of the sensed sound characteristic
to a digital signal with a sampling rate,
wherein the sensor (12, 27, 45, 55, 73) of each sound blocking arrangement (23, 43,
53, 71) has a sensing cutoff frequency and
wherein the sampling rate of the analog digital converter (77) of each sound blocking
arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) exceeds the sensing cutoff frequency at least by a factor
of two.
5. The system (7, 13, 15, 41, 51) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each
sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) comprises the analog digital converter
(77) with the sampling rate,
wherein the sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) of each sound blocking arrangement
(23, 43, 53, 71) has a sound source cutoff frequency and
wherein the sampling rate of the analog digital converter (77) of each sound blocking
arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) exceeds the sound source cutoff frequency of the respective
sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) at least by a factor of two.
6. The system (7, 13, 15, 41, 51) according to claim 5, wherein each sound blocking arrangement
(23, 43, 53, 71) comprises a switching amplifier (81) for amplifying the control signal
generated by the control circuit (29, 47, 59, 79) of the respective sound blocking
arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71),
wherein the switching amplifier (81) of each sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53,
71) generates a pulsed analog control signal from the control signal transmitted by
the control circuit (29, 47, 59, 79), wherein the pulsed analog control signal is
used for driving the sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) of the respective sound
blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71).
7. The system (7, 13, 15, 41, 51) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the
system (7, 13, 15, 41, 51) comprises a plurality of sound blocking arrangements (23,
43, 53, 71),
wherein the sensor (12, 27, 45, 55, 73) of at least one sound blocking arrangement
(23, 43, 53, 71) is adapted for transmitting the signal representative of a sensed
sound characteristic to the control circuit (29, 47, 59, 79) of at least on other
sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) and
wherein the control circuit (29, 47, 59, 79) of the at least one other sound blocking
arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) is adapted to receive the signal representative of a
sensed sound characteristic from the sensor (12, 27, 45, 55, 73) of the at least one
sound blocking arrangement (23, 43, 53, 71) and to generate the control signal from
all signals representative of sensed sound characteristics received by the control
circuit (29, 47, 59, 79).
8. The system (7, 13, 15, 41, 51) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the
system (7, 13, 15, 41, 51) comprises a plurality of sound blocking arrangements (23,
43, 53, 71) arranged in a common elongated housing (9, 31), wherein the elongated
housing (9, 31) extends along a longitudinal direction (33) and the sound sources
(11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) of the plurality of sound blocking arrangements (23,
43, 53, 71) are aligned along the longitudinal direction (33).
9. A method for actively reducing noise passing through an opening (3) in a sound barrier
(2), wherein the opening (3) is delimited by a boundary, the method comprising the
following steps:
• sensing a sound characteristic in form of a sound pressure and/or a sound velocity
and/or a sound intensity of sound waves in one or more locations in the opening (3),
• determining from each of the sensed sound characteristics a control signal for a
separate sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) arranged in the opening (3) and
• emitting sound with each of the sound sources (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) in accordance
with the control signal determined for the respective sound source (11, 17, 19, 25,
49, 57, 83),
wherein the control signal for each sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) is determined
such that the sensed sound characteristic from which the control signal for the respective
sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) has been determined is minimized and
wherein the distance between the location at which the sound characteristic is sensed
from which the control signal for a specific sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57,
83) is determined and the respective sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) is
not greater than the distance between the location at which the sound characteristic
is sensed from which the control signal for the specific sound source (11, 17, 19,
25, 49, 57, 83) is determined and any other sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57,
83) used in the method.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the sound sources (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57,
83) are arranged such that a travel time (85) of sound emitted by each of the sound
sources (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) to the location where the sound characteristic
is sensed from which the control signal of the respective sound source (11, 17, 19,
25, 49, 57, 83) is determined is minimized.
11. Method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein in each location the sound characteristic
is sensed up to a sensing cutoff frequency and
wherein signals representative of the sensed sound characteristic are converted to
digital signals with a sampling rate exceeding the sensing cutoff frequency up to
which the respective sound characteristic is sensed at least by a factor of two.
12. Method according to one of claims 9 to 11, wherein each sound source (11, 17, 19,
25, 49, 57, 83) has a sound source cutoff frequency and
wherein each signal representative of a sensed sound characteristic is converted to
a digital signal with a sampling rate exceeding the sound source cutoff frequency
of the sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) for which the control signal from
the respective sensed sound characteristic is determined at least by a factor of two.
13. Method according to claim 12, wherein each control signal determined for one of the
sound sources (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) is converted from a digital control signal
to a pulsed analog control signal, wherein the pulsed analog control signal is used
for driving the respective sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83).
14. Method according to one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the control signal for at least
one of the sound sources (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) used in the method is additionally
determined from a sound characteristic sensed at a location which is at a distance
from the respective sound source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) that is not smaller
than the distance between the location at which the sound characteristic is sensed
from which the control signal is additionally determined and at least one other sound
source (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) used in the method.
15. Method according to one of claims 9 to 14, wherein a plurality of sound sources (11,
17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) used in the method are arranged in a common elongated housing
(9, 31), wherein the elongated housing (9, 31) extends along a longitudinal direction
and the plurality sound sources (11, 17, 19, 25, 49, 57, 83) are aligned along the
longitudinal direction.