Field of invention
[0001] The present invention is generally applicable to the technical field of the closing
or damping/control hinges, and particularly relates to a concealed hinge for the contolled
rotatable movement of a door, in particular a reinforced door, connected to a tubular
support structure which includes a rear counterframe anchored to a wall or a similar
support and a front frame anchored to the counterframe.
Background of the invention
[0002] As known, the closing or damping hinges generally include a movable member, usually
fixed to a door, a shutter or the like, pivoted onto a fixed member, usually fixed
to the support frame thereof, or to a wall and/or to the floor.
[0003] More particularly, the fixed member of the concealed hinges for reinforced doors
or the like is inserted into a tubular support structure that includes a rear counterframe
anchored to a wall or a similar support and a front frame anchored to the counterframe.
[0004] The movable member generally further includes a connecting plate fixable to the door
susceptible to extend from the tubular support structure in the open position and
to completly retract within the tubular support structure in the closed position.
[0005] Generally, such hinges are merely of the mechanical type, and do not allow any kind
of adjustment of the opening angle of the door or in any case no control of the movement
of the same door.
[0006] The absence of any control makes such hinges extremely dangerous, since due to the
considerable mass of the reinforced door there is the danger of unhinging of the same
door or the bending of the tubular support structure to which the hinge is anchored.
[0007] Still due to the considerable mass of the door the hinge further tends to lose the
initial position and/or to became misaligned.
[0008] The adjustment of the position of the door is further difficult and complicated.
Moreover, in order to do so, at least two operators are needed.
[0009] Another recognized drawback of these hinges is in the high friction between the fixed
and movable member, which leads to premature wear and frequent breakages, thus resulting
in the need for continuous maintainance.
[0011] US4190925 discloses all the features of the preamble of claim 1.
Summary of the invention
[0012] An object of the present invention is to overcome at least partly the above mentioned
drawbacks, by providing a hinge having high functionality, simple construction and
low cost.
[0013] Another object of the invention is to provide a hinge which allows controlling the
movement of the door upon its opening and/or its closing.
[0014] Another object of the invention is to provide a strong and reliable hinge.
[0015] Another object of the invention is to provide a hinge having extremely small dimensions.
[0016] Another object of the invention is to provide a hinge which ensures the automatic
closing of the door from the open door position.
[0017] Another object of the invention is to provide a hinge that can support very heavy
doors and shutters.
[0018] Another object of the invention is to provide a hinge that has a minimum number of
constituent parts.
[0019] Another object of the invention is to provide a hinge suitable to maintain the exact
closing position during time.
[0020] Another object of the invention is to provide a hinge that is safe.
[0021] Another object of the invention is to provide a hinge that is easy to install.
[0022] Another object of the invention is to provide a hinge that simplifies the operations
of maintenance and/or replacement thereof.
[0023] Another object of the invention is to provide a hinge which allows a simple adjustment
of the door to which it is connected.
[0024] Another object of the invention is to provide a hinge that is reversible, i.e. to
be used straight or upside down without changing its behavior.
[0025] Such objects, as well as others that will appear more clearly hereinafter, are achieved
by a hinge according to claim 1.
[0026] Essentially, the concealed hinge includes a fixed member and a movable member, the
latter being rotatably coupled with the fixed member to rotate between an open position
and a closed position about a first longitudinal axis.
[0027] The fixed member includes a box-shaped hinge body concealedly insertable within a
tubular support structure consisting of a frame and a counterframe.
[0028] The movable member includes a connecting plate anchorable to the door susceptible
to extend from the tubular support structure in the open position and to retract,
preferably completely, within the tubular support structure in the closed position.
[0029] Suitably, the box-shaped hinge body may include a pair of end seats defining the
first axis. The connecting plate may include a first central portion susceptible to
being operatively connected with the door and a pair of reciprocally faced second
end portions operatively connected with the end seats of the box-shaped body.
[0030] Advantageously, the first central portion of the connecting plate may include a first
plate-shaped element defining a first plane substantially parallel to the first longitudinal
axis. The second end portions may include a pair of second plate-shaped elements defining
respective second planes substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to
the first plane.
[0031] In a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, the first central portion and the second
end portions of the connecting plate may be monolithic, i.e. made of one piece.
[0032] In order to minimize friction between the fixed and the movable member, the second
end portions of the connecting plate may include respective operative surfaces susceptible
to remain faced to the end seats during use. Suitably, at least one of the latter
may include an annular housing susceptible to house a respective anti-friction element,
such as a bearing.
[0033] The annular housing and the respective anti-friction element may be mutually configured
so that the corresponding operative surface of the second end portion of the connecting
plate connected with the respective end seat comes in contact engage with the anti-friction
element and remains spaced apart from the box-shaped body.
[0034] In a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, both the end seats of the box-shaped
hinge body may include a respective annular housing for a corresponding anti-friction
bearing. In this case, the housings and the annular friction elements may be mutually
configured so that both the operative surfaces of the second end portions of the connecting
plate comes in contact engage with the respective anti-friction elements and remain
spaced apart from both box-shaped body.
[0035] In order to allow the hinge to support very heavy doors and shutters without changing
its behavior, the box-shaped hinge body may include a longitudinal passing-through
bore defining the end seats thereof within which a shaft may be inserted with minimum
clearance, the shaft having the opposite ends mutually connected with the second end
portions of the connecting plate.
[0036] In a particularly preferred but not exclusive embodiment, the height of the shaft
may be slightly greater than the distance between the anti-friction elements, so that
when one of the operating surfaces of the second end portions of the connecting plate
comes in contact engage with the respective anti-friction element the other operating
surface remains spaced apart from the respective anti-friction element.
[0037] In order to allow the adjustment of the opening angle of the connecting plate, at
least one of the second end portions of the connecting plate, and preferably both
the second end portions thereof, may include a respective projection axially directed
towards the inner side of the connecting plate.
[0038] The hinge body may include at least one end portion, respectively a pair of end portions,
comprising a respective adjustable stop set screw, respectively comprising a pair
of respective adjustable stop set screws.
[0039] In a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, the movable member may further include
a mounting bracket having a first plate-shaped portion operatively connectable to
the door and a second plate-shaped portion operatively connectable to the first central
portion of the connecting plate. Advantageously, the first and the second plate-shaped
portion of the mounting bracket may be substantially perpendicular to each other.
[0040] The second plate-shaped portion of the mounting bracket may be movably mounted on
the first-shaped plate of the connecting plate to slide along a second axis substantially
parallel to the first rotation axis of the fixed and movable members and along a third
axis substantially perpendicular to the first axis.
[0041] Suitably, the hinge may further include first means for adjusting the position of
the mounting bracket along the second axis and second means for adjusting the position
thereof along the third axis.
[0042] In a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of the invention, the first and second
adjustment means may be selectively operateable by a user to allow the independent
adjustment of the position of the door when anchored to the mounting bracket.
[0043] Suitably, the second plate-shaped portion of the mounting bracket may be operatively
connectable to the first plate-shaped element of the connecting plate by a backplate.
The second plate-shaped portion of the mounting bracket may be interposed between
the first plate-shaped element of the connecting plate and the backplate. The latter
may have an overall height slightly less than the distance between the second plate-shaped
elements of the connecting plate.
[0044] The second plate-shaped portion of the mounting bracket may include a pair of third
plate-shaped end elements spaced apart each other by predetermined distance, each
of the same elements having a height and a predetermined thickness.
[0045] The backplate may have a pair of end portions and a central portion having a height
substantially equal to the predetermined distance between the third plate-shaped elements
and a thickness slightly greater than the one of the third plate-shaped elements.
The central portion of the
backplate may project with respect to the end portions so as to remain interposed
during use between the third plate-shaped elements of the ends of the mounting bracket.
[0046] Suitably, the latter third plate-shaped elements will remain interposed during use
between the first plate-shaped element of the connecting plate and the end portions
of the backplate, so that the central portion of the backplate guides the sliding
of the mounting bracket along the third axis.
[0047] Each of the end portions of the backplate may include a passing-through opening having
a predetermined height and length.
[0048] Advantageously, to guide the sliding of the mounting bracket along the second axis
a pair of guide elements may be provided, each of them being inserted in a respective
passing-through opening of the end portions of the backplate having a height less
than the one of the passing-through openings and length substantially equal to the
one of the latter.
[0049] Preferably, the first adjustment means may include a first passing-through opening
made at the central projecting portion of the backplate and an actuating member susceptible
to interact with the first passing-through opening to adjust the sliding of the mounting
bracket along the second axis in response to the operation of the actuating member
by a user.
[0050] In a first preferred but not exclusive embodiment, the actuating member may include
a plurality of first peripheral shaped cogs, while the passing-through opening of
the central projecting portion of the backplate may include a pair of side walls substantially
parallel to the first and/or the second axis comprising a plurality of second cogs
complementarily engaged with the first cogs.
[0051] On the other hand, alternatively, the actuating member may include an eccentric engaged
with the passing-through opening of the central projecting portion of the backplate.
[0052] Preferably, the second adjustment means may include a pair of elongated shaped passing-through
slots in correspondence of the third plate-shaped end elements of the mounting bracket,
the slots having maximum length equal to the maximum possible offset of the mounting
bracket along the third axis. The second adjustment means may further include a pair
of second locking screws passing through the first plate of the connecting plate and
through the elongated slots of the mounting bracket, the second locking screws being
engageable in respective counterthreaded seats in correspondence of the guide elements.
[0053] In a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of the invention, the first central portion
and the second end portions of the connecting plate may be monolithic. Moreover, the
first and the second plate-shaped portion of the mounting bracket may preferably be
monolithic.
[0054] Preferably, one of the second portions of the connecting plate of the hinge may include
a curvilinear cam element rotating unitary with the connecting plate about the first
axis.
[0055] The box-shaped hinge body further includes at least one working chamber defining
a fourth axis spaced apart from the first longitudinal axis and substantially parallel
thereto.
[0056] The at least one working chamber includes a plunger element slidable along the fourth
longitudinal axis and elastic means operatively connected to the plunger element.
[0057] The latter includes a front face facing the curvilinear cam element and interacting
therewith so that the rotation of the cam about the first axis corresponds to the
sliding of the plunger element along the fourth axis and vice-versa.
[0058] The plunger element is slidable along the fourth longitudinal axis between a position
proximal to the bottom wall of the at least one working chamber and a position distal
therefrom, the elastic contrast means acting on the plunger element to move it back
from the proximal position to the distal one.
[0059] Suitably, the curvilinear cam element may have a generally triangular shape with
an operating surface having a predetermined inclination so that upon the opening of
the door the plunger element moves from the distal position to the proximal one, respectively
from the proximal position to the distal one.
[0060] Preferably, the front face of the plunger element may have a generally rounded shape
to come in contact with the substantially flat operating surface of the curvilinear
cam element.
[0061] In a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of the invention, the front face of the
plunger element may be made of a first metal material that has a hardness greater
than the one of the second metal material in which the operative surface of the cam
element mat be made, so that the front face of the plunger element is susceptible
to made during use a guide channel along the operatve surface of the cam element.
[0062] The working chamber further includes a working fluid acting on the plunger element
to hydraulically counteract its action.
[0063] The plunger element separates the working chamber in at least one first and second
variable volume compartments fluidically communicating each other and preferably adjacent.
The elastic contrast means are placed in the first compartment so that the at least
one first and second compartments have respectively the maximum and minimum volume
at the distal position of the plunger element and respectively minimum and maximum
volume at the proximal position thereof.
[0064] The plunger element comprises one-way valve means for the control of the passage
of the working fluid between the at least one first and second compartments upon the
passage of the front face from one of the distal or proximal positions to the other
of the proximal or distal positions. A hydraulic circuit is further provided for the
flow of the working fluid between the at least one first and second variable volume
compartments upon the passage of the front face from the other of the distal or proximal
positions to the one of the distal or proximal positions.
[0065] In a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, the plunger element may include a seat
for the valve means fluidically connected with both the first and the second compartment.
The valve means may include a control element sliding within the seat along the fourth
axis to selectively open/close the fluid communication between the first and the second
compartment. The selective opening of the valve means may allow fluid communication
between the first and the second compartment. The selective closure of the valve means
may prevent fluid communication between the first and the second compartment and may
force the passage of the working fluid through the circuit.
[0066] The plunger element includes a tubular element with a front portion placed in the
second compartment, a rear portion placed in the first compartment and a side wall
facing the side wall of the working chamber. The front and rear portions may be in
fluid communication each other and with the seat of the valve means.
[0067] The plunger element may further include a rod with a first end unitary coupled with
the front portion of the tubular element and a second end which may include the front
face faced to the curvilinear cam element.
[0068] The hydraulic circuit is made internally to the box-shaped hinge body externally
to the work chamber and may have at least one first inlet/outlet opening in the second
compartment and a second and a third inlet/outlet opening both in the first compartment,
the first opening being upstream of the second one.
[0069] In a first embodiment, the valve means may be configured to open upon the passage
of the front face from the proximal position to the distal one, so as to allow the
passage of the working fluid from the second compartment to the first one, and close
upon the passage of the front face from the proximal position to the distal one, so
as to force the working fluid to pass from the first compartment to the second compartment
by entering the hydraulic circuit through the second and third opening and exiting
therefrom through the first opening.
[0070] In this embodiment, the third opening may remain fluidically decoupled from the side
wall of the tubular element throughout the stroke of the plunger element from the
distal position to the proximal one, said second opening remaining fluidically decoupled
from the side wall of the tubular element for a first starting part of the stroke
of the plunger element and remaining fluidically coupled with the side wall of the
tubular element for a second final part of the stroke thereof, so that the door has
a first resistance to the movement upon closing/opening for a first angular portion
of the rotation thereof about the first axis corresponding to said first starting
part the stroke of the plunger element and a second resistance to the movement upon
closing/opening of the door for a second angular portion of the rotation thereof about
the first axis corresponding to second final part of the stroke.
[0071] Advantageously, the hinge may include first and second means for regulating the cross-sectional
flow area of respectively the second and the third openings, so as to allow a user
to independently adjust the first and/or the second resistance to the movement upon
the closing/opening of the door.
[0072] Suitably, the elastic means may include a restoring spring, so that the hinge is
a damping hinge for the control of the rotational motion of the door. It is understood
that the term "restoring spring" means a spring whose size and/or configuration is
sufficient to move back the plunger element from the proximal position to the distal
one, but is not sufficient to automatically close the door once opened.
[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the cam element may be configured in such a manner that
upon the opening of the door the plunger element moves from the distal position to
the proximal one, the first and second adjustment means being adapted to adjust the
first and the second resistance to the movement of the door along the first and the
second angular portion upon its opening.
[0074] In another alternative embodiment, the cam element may be configured in such a manner
that upon the opening of the door the plunger element moves from the proximal position
to the distal one, the first and second adjustment means being adapted to adjust the
first and the second resistance to the movement of the door along the first and the
second angular portion upon its closure.
[0075] On the other hand, in a second embodiment, the valve means are configured to open
upon the passage of said front face from the proximal position to the distal one,
so as to allow the passage of the working fluid from the first to the second compartment,
and to close upon the passage of said front face from the proximal position to the
distal one, so as to force the working fluid to pass from the second compartment to
the first compartment by entering in said hydraulic circuit through said first opening
and exiting therefrom through said second and third openings.
[0076] In this embodiment, the third opening may remain fluidically decoupled from the side
wall of the tubular element throughout the stroke of the plunger element from the
proximal position to the distal one, so that the door has a third predetermined opening
/closing speed, the second opening remaining fluidically coupled with the side wall
of the tubular element for a first starting part of the stroke of the plunger element
and remaining fluidically decoupled from the lateral wall of the tubular element for
a second final part of the stroke thereof, so as to impart a opening/closing latch
action to the door.
[0077] Suitably, the hinge may include third means for the regulation of the cross sectional
flow
area of the second opening, so as to allow a user to adjust the force by which the
door latches toward the opening/closing position, fourth means being further provided
for the regulation of the cross sectional flow area of said third opening, so as to
allow a user to adjust the opening/closing speed of the door.
[0078] Suitably, the cam element may be configured in such a manner that upon the opening
of the door the plunger element moves from the proximal position to the distal one,
the elastic means including an actuating spring so that the hinge is a closing hinge,
said third and fourth regulating means being susceptible to adjust the latching force
of the door toward the closed position and the speed thereof upon its closure.
[0079] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in accordance with the dependent
claims.
Brief description of the drawings
[0080] Further features and advantages of the invention will appear more evident upon reading
the detailed description of some preferred, non-exclusive embodiments of a hinge 1,
which is described as non-limiting examples with the help of the annexed drawings,
in which:
FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c are respective exploded and assembled perspective views of a first embodiment of
a fixing system of the hinge 1 to a frame F;
FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c are respective exploded and assembled perspective views of a second embodiment of
a fixing system of the hinge 1 to a subframe CF;
FIGS. 3a and 4a are perspective views of a hinge 1 connected to a reinforced door D during use, respectively in the open and the closed position;
FIGS. 3b and 4b are partially sectioned views of the hinge 1 of FIGS. 3a and 4a, respectively in the open and closed position;
FIGS. 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d are respective exploded, front and sectioned views of a first embodiment of the assembly
connecting plate 21 - mounting bracket 30, the section being taken along a plane Vc - Vc and Vd - Vd;
FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c are respective exploded and sectioned views of a second embodiment of the assembly
connecting plate 21 - mounting bracket 30, the section being taken along respective planes equivalent to the Vc - Vc and Vd - Vd ones of FIG. 5b;
FIGS. 7a and 7b are respective exploded and partly cut assembled perspective views of a first embodiment
of the hinge 1, which is not part of the present invention;
FIGS. 8a and 8b are respective top and perspective views of the embodiment of the hinge 1 of FIGS. 7a and 7b in the closed position;
FIGS. 9a and 9b are respective sectioned and perspective views of the embodiment of the hinge 1 of FIGS. 7a and 7b in the open position, the section being taken along a plane IX a - IX a;
FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of the hinge 1, according to the invention;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view of the connecting plate 21 and the cam element 60 of the second embodiment of the hinge 1 of FIG. 10;
FIGS. 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d are respective partly cut perspective, sectioned along a plane XII b - XII b, axially sectioned and enlarged with detail of FIG. 12c views of the second embodiment
of the hinge 1 of FIG 10 in the closed position;
FIGS. 13a and 13b are respective axially sectioned and sectioned along a plane equivalent to the plane
XII b - XII b of FIG. 12b views of the second embodiment of the hinge 1 of FIG. 10 in a partially open position;
FIGS. 14a and 14b are respective axially sectioned and sectioned along a plane equivalent to the plane
XII b - XII b of FIG. 12c views of the second embodiment of the hinge 1 of FIG. 10 in the fully open position;
FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of a third embodiment of the hinge 1, according to the invention;
FIG. 16 is an enlarged perspective view of the connecting plate 21 and the cam element 60 of the third embodiment of the hinge 1 of FIG. 15;
FIGS. 17a and 17b are respective axially sectioned and sectioned along a plane equivalent to the plane
XII b - XII b of FIG. 12c views of the third embodiment of the hinge 1 of FIG. 15 in a partially open position;
FIGS. 18a, 18b and 18c are respective axially sectioned, sectioned along a plane equivalent to the plane
XII b - XII b of FIG. 12c and enlarged with details of FIG. 18a views of the third embodiment of
the hinge 1 of FIG. 15 in fully open position;
FIG. 19 is an exploded perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the hinge 1, according to the invention;
FIG. 20 is an enlarged perspective view of the connecting plate 21 and the cam element 60 of the fourth embodiment of the hinge 1 of FIG. 19;
FIGS. 21a and 21b are respective in axially sectioned and sectioned along a plane equivalent to the
plane XII b - XII b of FIG. 12c views of the fourth embodiment of the hinge 1 of FIG 19 in a partially open position;
FIGS. 22a and 22b are respective axially sectioned, sectioned along a plane equivalent to the plane
XII b - XII b of FIG. 12c views of the fourth embodiment of the hinge 1 of FIG 19 in fully open position;
FIG. 23 is an enlarged and cut front view of the hinge 1 which shows the spatial relationship between the operating portion 27 of the end portion 23 of the connecting plate 21 and the box-shaped body 11;
FIG. 24 is an perspective view of a further embodiment of the hinge 1.
Detailed description of some preferrred embodiments
[0081] With reference to the above figures, the hinge generally indicated with
1 will be particularly useful for rotatably moving during opening and/or closing, possibly
in a controlled manner, a closure element
D, such as a door, which can be anchored to a stationary support structure
W, such as a wall.
[0082] In a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, as shown in FIGs. 1a to 4b, the hinge
1 can be concealedly inserted in a tubular support structure, which may be formed in
a
per se known manner by a rear subframe
CF, which can be anchored to the wall
W or like support, and by a front frame
F anchored to the subframe
CF.
[0083] In particular, in a first embodiment shown in FIGs. 1a to 1c, the hinge
1 may be anchored to the frame
F by means of the plate
P1, maintained in the operative position by screw means
V1, V2.
[0084] On the other hand, in a second embodiment shown in FIGs. 2a to 2c, the hinge
1 may be anchored to the subframe
CF by the plate
P2, maintained in the operative position by screw means
V2.
[0085] On the other hand, in a further embodiment shown in FIG. 24, the hinge
1 can be anchored to the frame
F by means of the plate
P3, maintained in the operative position by suitable screw means engageable in the openings
A1, A2.
[0086] In all embodiments, the hinge
1 is concealedly insertable in the support structure formed by the tubular rear subframe
CF and the front frame
F through an opening
O passing trough the latter.
[0087] Conveniently, the hinge
1 comprises a fixed element
10, which can be fixed to the frame
F or to the subframe
CF, which is pivoted on a movable element
20 to rotate about a longitudinal axis
X, which may be substantially vertical, between an open position, shown for example
in FIGs. 4a and 4b, and a closed position, shown for example in FIGs. 3a and 3b.
[0088] As particularly shown in FIGs. 3a to 4b, the fixed element
10 includes a box-shaped hinge body
11 concealedly insertable within the support structure formed by the tubular rear subframe
CF and the front frame
F. On the other hand, the movable element
20 includes a connecting plate
21, which can be anchored to the door
D, susceptible to extend from the tubular support structure in the open position, shown
in FIGa. 4a and 4b, and retract within the same tubular support structure in the closed
position, shown in FIGs. 3a and 3b.
[0089] The connecting plate
21 may have a substantially "C" shaped, with a central portion
22 adapted to be connected with the door
D by means of the mounting bracket
30 and a pair of end portions
23, 23' mutually faced to each other and operatively connected with the box-shaped body
11.
[0090] Preferably, the central portion
22 and end portions
23, 23' may be monolithic to each other, with the central portion
22 which may consist of a plate-shaped element defining a first plane
n substantially parallel to the axis
X and the end portions
23, 23' which may be constituted by a pair of plate-shaped elements defining respective second
plates
n', n" substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the first plane
n.
[0091] Advantageously, the mounting bracket
30 may have a first plate-shaped portion
31 operatively anchored to the door
D by suitable screws inserted into the holes
32, first plate-shaped portion
31 being monolithically coupled with a second plate-shaped portion
33, formed by the two end plate-shaped elements
34, 34'.
[0092] Preferably, the plate-shaped elements of the ends
34, 34' may be substantially perpendicular to the first plate-shaped portion
31, and may be operatively connected to the central portion
22 of the connecting plate
21 by means of the backplate
40, whose function will be better explained later.
[0093] Once operatively connected, the end plate-shaped elements
34, 34' will be interposed between the inside of the central portion
22 of the connecting plate
21 and the backplate
40.
[0094] In order to allow the coupling with the connecting plate
21, the box-shaped hinge body
11 may include a pair of end seats
12, 12' defining the axis
X. In a particularly preferred but not exclusive embodiment, the box-shaped hinge body
11 may include a longitudinal passing-through hole
13 defining the axis
X adapted to join together the end seats
12, 12'.
[0095] As particularly shown in FIG. 7b, within the passing-through hole
13 may be inserted with minimal clearance a shaft
24 having opposite ends
25, 25' mutually connected with the end portions
23, 23' of the connecting plate
21 by appropriate fastening screw means
26. In this way, the shaft
24 will be unitary movable with the connecting plate
21 between the opening and closing positions.
[0096] Thanks to this feature, the hinge
1 can support even very heavy closing elements
D without misalignments or changes in its behaviour.
[0097] Suitably, the end portions
23, 23' of the connecting plate
21 may include respective operative surfaces
27, 27' susceptible to remain faced during use to the end seats
12, 12' of the box-shaped hinge body
11.
[0098] In correspondence of the latter end seats
12, 12' respective annular housings
14, 14' may be formed adapted to receive respective anti-friction elements
15, 15', for example bearings.
[0099] Advantageously, the annular housings
14, 14' and the respective bearings
15, 15' may be mutually configured so that the operative surfaces
27, 27' of the connecting plate
21 come into contact engage with the anti-friction bearings
15, 15' and remain spaced apart from the box-shaped body
11, as shown in FIG. 23. This will allow the movable element
20 to rotate about the axis
X with minimum friction, so that the hinge
1 is able to support also very heavy doors
D.
[0100] More particularly, while the inner diameter
D1 of the annular housings
14, 14' may be substantially equal to the outer diameter
D2 of the anti-friction bearings
15, 15', the height
h2 of the latter may be slightly higher than the one
h1 of the former, in the order of a few tenths of a millimeter.
[0101] On the other hand, the shaft
24 may have a height
h3 slightly greater than the distance
d1 between the upper surfaces of the anti-friction bearings
15, 15', so that when one of the operating surfaces of the connecting plate
21, for example the upper one
27, come in contact engage with the respective anti-friction bearing
15, the other operating surface
27' remains spaced apart from the respective anti-friction bearing
15'.
[0102] Thanks to this feature, the antifriction effect is maximized. Moreover, the hinge
1 is reversible, i.e. it can be used in both directions, that is the one shown in the
figures or upside down, without changing its behavior.
[0103] In order to allow the stop of the hinge in the desired position, at least one of
the end portions of the connecting plate
21, for example the lower one
23', may include a projection
28' axially directed towards the inner side of the same connecting plate
21, while the hinge body
11 may include at least one end portion, for example the bottom one
16', which may comprise a respective adjustable stop set screw
17'.
[0104] This way, it will be possible for a user to adjust the opening angle of the connecting
plate
21, and then the one of the door
D connected thereto.
[0105] In fact, the at least one projection
28', that rotates unitary with the connecting plate
21 around the axis
X, abuts against the at least one stop set screw
17', and stops.
[0106] Suitably, the at least one stop set screw
17' may include a first end
170' susceptible to selectively interact with the projection
28' and a second end
171' operateable from the outside by a user to adjust the stroke of the same stop set
screw
17' along a direction
d substantially orthogonal to the first axis
X.
[0107] Advantageously, the at least one stop set screw
17' may be screwed into the hinge body
11 in correspondence of the at least one end portion
16' thereof. Therefore, the user acting on the end
171' screws and unscews the at least one stop set screw
17' from its seat
160'.
[0108] In a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, the end portion
16' of the hinge body
11 may include curvilinear slot
18' defining the path of the projection
28' upon its rotation about the axis
X. Appropriately, the curved slot
18' may be concentric with respect to the axis
X.
[0109] In this way, the projection
28' moves within the curvilinear slot
18' throughout its angular rotation about the axis
X.
[0110] Preferably, the passing-through seat
160' of the at least one stop set screw
17' can be made in correspondence of the curvilinear slot
18'.
[0111] In some embodiments, such as the ones shown in FIGs. from 7a to 9b, two blocking
projections
28, 28' may be suitably provided arranged at both end portions
23, 23' of the connecting plate
21 and adapted to abut against the corresponding stop set screws
17, 17' which are at both end portions
16, 16' of the hinge body
11.
[0112] In a particularly preferred but not exclusive embodiment, both end portions
16, 16' of the hinge body
11 may include respective curvilinear slots
18, 18'.
[0113] Suitably, such as particularly shown in FIG. 9a, the latter may define means for
guiding and centering the locking projections
28, 28' upon their rotation about the axis
X.
[0114] As better explained later, the same curvilinear slots
18, 18' may further define means for guiding and centering the curvilinear cam element
60 in the embodiments that include this feature.
[0115] Preferably, the plate-shaped portion
33 of the mounting bracket
30 may be movably mounted on the central plate-shaped element
22 of the connecting plate
21 to slide along a substantially vertical axis
X' parallel to the vertical axis
X and along a substantially horizontal axis
Z substantially perpendicular to the vertical axis
X.
[0116] To this end, the backplate
40 may have an overall height
h4 slightly less than the distance
d2 between the operative surfaces
27, 27' of the end plate-shaped elements
23, 23' of the connecting plate
21, so that it can slide vertically internally to the central plate-shaped element
22 of the connecting plate
21.
[0117] The backplate
40 may have a pair of end portions
41, 41' and a central portion
42 outwardly protuding with respect to the latter.
[0118] The central portion
42 of the backplate
40 may have a height
h5 substantially equal to the distance
d3 between the plate-shaped elements
34, 34' of the mounting bracket
30 and a thickness
S1 slightly greater than the thickness
S2, S3 of the latter, so that the mounting bracket
30 has a minimum clearance when sandwiched between the backplate
40 and the inner side of the central plate-shaped element
22 of the connecting plate
21.
[0119] In this manner, the upper surface
43 of the central protruding portion
42 of the backplate
40 guides the sliding of the mounting bracket along the horizontal axis
Z.
[0120] On the other hand, a pair of guide elements
44, 44' may be provided each inserted in a respective opening
45, 45' passing through the end portions
41, 41' of the backplate
40.
[0121] Advantageously, the height
h6, h7 of the guide elements
44, 44' may be less than the height
h8, h9 of the passing-through openings
45, 45' of the backplate
40, while their length
I1, I2 may be substantially equal to the one
I3,
I4 of the latter.
[0122] This way, the side surfaces
46, 46' of the guide elements
44, 44' guides the sliding of the mounting bracket
30 along the vertical axis
X'.
[0123] Advantageously, first means for adjusting the position of the mounting bracket
30 along the substantially vertical axis
X' and second means for adjusting the position of the mounting bracket
30 along the substantially horizontal axis
Z may be provided, which may be selectively operateable by a user to allow the independent
adjustment of the position of the door
D in the vertical and/or the horizontal direction when anchored to the same mounting
bracket
30.
[0124] In a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, the first means for adjusting the sliding
of the door D along the horizontal axis
Z may include an aperture
47 passing through the central protruding portion
42 of the backplate
40, an actuating member
48 and a first locking screw
50 passing through the plate-shaped element
22 of the connecting plate 21 and through the central protruding portion
42 of the backplate
40 to complementarily engage with a counterthreaded seat
50' in the actuating member
48.
[0125] By unscrewing the first locking screw
50 a user can leave free the actuating member
48 to interact with the passing-through opening
42 to adjust the sliding of the mounting bracket
30 along the vertical axis
X, for example by rotating around its axis by means of a suitable wrench. Once reached
the desired position, the user can tighten the first screw
50.
[0126] In a first embodiment, shown for example in FIGs. 5a to 5d, the actuating member
48 may include a plurality of first peripheral shaped cogs
49 engaged with second countershaped cogs
49' in correspondence of the side walls
47', 47" of the passing-through opening
47.
[0127] In a second alternative embodiment, shown for example in FIGs. 6a to 6c, the actuating
member
48 may include an eccentric member
48' engaged with the passing-through opening
47.
[0128] Suitably, the second means for adjusting the sliding of the door D along the vertical
axis
X' may include a pair of elongated slots shaped
35, 35' passing through the end plate-shaped elements
34, 34' of the mounting bracket
30 and a pair of second locking screws
51, 52 passing through the plate-shaped element
22 of the connecting plate
21 and through the elongated slots
35, 35' to engage with respective counterthreaded seats
51', 52' of the guide elements
44, 44'.
[0129] By unscrewing the second locking screws
51, 52 a user can leave the end plate-shaped elements
34, 34' of the mounting bracket
30 and the relative shaped elongated slots
35, 35' free to move horizontally along the axis
Z guided by the upper surface
43 of the central protruding portion
42 of the backplate
40. Once reached the desired position, the user can tighten the second locking screws
51, 52.
[0130] Suitably, the shaped elongated slots
35, 35' can present maximum length
I5, I6 equal to the maximum possible offset of the mounting bracket
30 along the horizontal axis
Z.
[0131] The hinge
1 can assume various configurations. For example, it may be purely mechanical,
such as the embodiment shown in FIGs. 7a to 9b, or may be mechanical with a closing
mechanism of the door from the open position, or may be hydraulic, such as the embodiments
shown in FIGs. 10 to 22b. Embodiments of FIGs. 7a to 9b are not part of the present
invention.
[0132] More particularly, the hydraulic hinge may be a closing hinge, such as the embodiment
shown in FIGs. 10 to 14b, or a hinge for controlling the rotatable motion of the door
both upon opening, such as the embodiment shown in FIGs. 15 to 18b, or closing, such
as the embodiment shown in FIGs. 19 to 22b.
[0133] Therefore, one of the end portions of the connecting plate
21, for example the upper one
23, may advantageously include a generally triangular curved cam element
60 rotating unitary with the same connecting plate
21 about the axis
X. The curved cam element
60 may be attached to its end portion
23 in a removable or unremovable manner.
[0134] In this case, the cam element
60 may be guided and centered in its rotation around the axis
X by the curvilinear slot
18.
[0135] The box-shaped hinge body
11 further includes a working chamber
70 with a bottom wall
71. The working chamber
70 has elongated shape to define a longitudinal axis
Y spaced apart from the first axis
X, and substantially parallel thereto.
[0136] A plunger member
80 and elastic means
90, for example a compression spring, are inserted within the working chamber
70 for mutually interacting, thus promoting the sliding along the axis
Y between a position proximal to the bottom wall
71 and a position distal therefrom.
[0137] To this end, the plunger member
80 includes a front face
81 having preferably a generally rounded shape susceptible to come into contact with
a substantially flat operative surface
61 of the curved cam element
60 so that the rotation of the latter around the axis
X corresponds to the sliding of the plunger
80 along the axis Y and vice-versa.
[0138] To allow the reciprocal action of the plunger member
80 onto the cam element
60, the elastic means
90 act on the former to move it back from the proximal position to the distal one. To
this end, the elastic means
90 are placed in the working chamber
70 so that their position of maximum elongation corresponds to the distal position of
the plunger
80, while the one of minimum elongation corresponds to the proximal position of the latter.
[0139] Depending on the configuration and/or the size of the elastic means
90, in this way it will be possible to automatically close the door
D from the open position or simply return the plunger member
80 to the distal position so that it interacts with the cam element
60 upon the opening or closing of the door.
[0140] This action depends on the configuration of the cam element
60, and more particularly by the inclination of its operative surface
61. In fact, depending on the latter upon opening of the door D the plunger member
80 may move from the distal position to the proximal one, such as in the embodiment
shown in FIGs. 10 to 18b, or from the proximal to the distal position, such as in
the embodiment shown in FIGs. 19 to 22b.
[0141] Advantageously, the front face
81 of the plunger member
80 may be made of a metallic material, for example steel, which may be harder than the
metal material in which the working surface
61 of the cam element
60 is made. In this way, the front face
81 will create a guide channel along the operative surface
61 during use.
[0142] The working chamber further includes a working fluid, such as oil, acting on the
plunger member
80 to hydraulically counteract the action thereof. In this case, the plunger member
80 separates the working chamber
70 in a first and a second variable volume compartment
72, 73, fluidically communicating and preferably adjacent each other.
[0143] A hydraulic circuit
100 is further provided for the flow of the working fluid between the first and the second
variable volume compartments
72, 73 upon the passage of the front face
81 from the other of the distal or proximal positions to the initial one.
[0144] Advantageously, the plunger member
80 includes a one-way valve means for controlling the passage of the working fluid between
the first and the second compartment
72, 73 upon the passage of the front face
81 from one of the distal or proximal positions to the other of the proximal or distal
positions.
[0145] Suitably, the valve means may include a control element, such as a stopper
82, sliding in a seat
83 unitary movable with the plunger member
80. The stopper
82 slides along the axis
Y for selectively stopping/release a first inlet/outlet port
84 of the seat
83, so as to selectively open/close the fluid connection between the first and the second
compartment
72, 73.
[0146] In particular, the seat
83 may include, besides the first inlet/outlet port
84, a second inlet/outlet port
85, which may have a flow section greater than the one of the first inlet/outlet port
84. Suitably, the seat
83 may be dimensioned to allow the sliding of the stopper
82 along the axis
Y.
[0147] The stopper
82, the first inlet/outlet port
84 and the second inlet/outlet port
85 may be dimensioned so that when the stopper
82 frees the first inlet/outlet port
84, the working fluid leaks through the second inlet/outlet port
85 to put in fluid communication the first and the second compartment
72, 73, and when the stopper
82 stops the first inlet/outlet port
84, the working fluid is forced to pass through the circuit
100.
[0148] The plunger member
80 includes a tubular element
86 with a front portion
87 placed in the second compartment
73, a rear portion
88 placed in the first compartment
72 and a side wall
89 facing the side wall
74 of the working chamber
70.
[0149] The front and rear portions
87, 88 of the tubular element
86 may be in fluid communication to each other and with the seat
83 of the valve means. To this end, the tubular element
86 may include a disk-shaped element
88' interposed between the rear portion
88 thereof and the elastic means
90 which may include the seat
83, the stopper
82, the first inlet/outlet port
84 and the second inlet/outlet port
85.
[0150] In a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, the plunger member
80 may further include a stem
110 with a first end
111 unitary coupled with the front portion
87 of the tubular element
86 and a second end
112 that includes the front face
81.
[0151] More particularly, the stem
110 may include a longitudinal passing-through hole
113 with a first inlet/outlet opening
114 and a pair of second inlet/outlet openings
115, 115'.
[0152] The stem
110 may be inserted through the front portion
87 of the tubular element
86 so that the opening
114 is put in fluid communication with the first and second inlet/outlet port
84, 85 of the seat
83 of the valve means and so that the second inlet/outlet openings
115, 115' are put n fluid communication with the second compartment
73.
[0153] In this manner, the first and the second compartment
72, 73 are put in fluid communication through the passing-through hole
113 of the stem
110, which may be connected with the tubular element
86 by means of the pin
116.
[0154] The hydraulic circuit
100 is made within the box-shaped hinge body
11 externally to the working chamber
70 and has a first inlet/outlet opening
101 in the second compartment
73 and a second and a third inlet/outlet opening
102, 103 in the first compartment
72.
[0155] In a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, shown for example in FIGs. 15 to 22b,
the valve means may be configured to close upon the passage of the front face
81 of the plunger member
80 from the distal position to the proximal one, so as to force the working fluid to
pass from the first compartment
72 to the second compartment
73 by entering in the hydraulic circuit
100 through the second and third opening
102, 103 and exiting therefrom through the first opening
101.
[0156] In this case, the valve means may open upon the passage of the front face
81 from the proximal position to the distal one, so as to allow the passage of the working
fluid from the second compartment
73 to the first compartment
72 therethrough. To this end, the second inlet/outlet port
85 of the seat
83 may be faced to the first compartment
72, while the first inlet/outlet port
84 may be faced to the second compartment
73.
[0157] In such embodiments, the third opening
103 may remain fluidly decoupled from the side wall
89 of the tubular element
86 over the entire stroke of the plunger member
80 from the distal position to the proximal one.
[0158] On the other hand, the second opening
102 may remain fluidly decoupled from the side wall
89 of the tubular element
86 for a first starting part of the stroke of the plunger member
80, shown in FIGs. 17a and 21a, and may be fluidly coupled with the side wall
89 for a second final part of said stroke, shown in FIGs. 18a and 22a.
[0159] This way, the door
D will have a first resistance to the closing/opening movement for a first angular
portion
α1 of the rotation thereof around the axis
X corresponding to the first starting part of the stroke of the plunger member
80, and a second resistance to the closing/opening movement of the door
D for a second angular portion
α2 of the rotation thereof around the axis
X corresponding to the second final part of the stroke of the same plunger member
80.
[0160] Suitably, first and second means
120, 121 may be provided for the regulation of the flow section respectively of the second
and the third opening
102, 103, for example respective screws.
[0161] Thanks to this features, it will be possible for a user to independently adjust the
first and the second resistance to the opening/closing movement of the door
D.
[0162] In such embodiments, the elastic means
90 may include a restoring spring, i.e. a spring whose size and/or configuration is
sufficient to move the plunger member from the proximal position to the distal one
but not to ensure the automatic closing of door
D from the open position.
[0163] The hinge so configured is a control hinge for controlling the rotatable movement
of the door
D.
[0164] In particular, in the embodiments in which the cam element
60 is configured in such a manner that upon opening of the door
D the plunger member moves from the proximal position to the distal one, such as in
the embodiments shown in FIGs. 15 to 18b, the hinge
1 is designed to control the rotatable movement of the door
D upon its opening.
[0165] On the other hand, in the embodiments in which the cam element
60 is configured in such a manner that upon opening of the door
D the plunger member moves from the proximal position to the distal one, such as in
the embodiments shown in FIGs. 19 to 22b, the hinge
1 is designed to control the rotatable movement of the door
D upon its closure.
[0166] In an alternative embodiment, shown for example in FIGs. 10 to 14b, said valve means
may be configured to open upon the passage of the front face
81 of the plunger member
80 from the distal position to the proximal one, so as to allow the passage of the working
fluid from the first compartment
72 to the second one
73, and to close upon the passage thereof from the proximal position to the distal one,
so as to force the working fluid to pass from the second compartment
73 to the first compartment
72 by entering the hydraulic circuit
100 through the first opening
101 and by exiting therefrom through the second and the third openings
102, 103.
[0167] To this end, the second inlet/outlet port
85 of the seat
83 may face the second compartment
73, while the first inlet/outlet port
84 may face the first compartment
72.
[0168] In this embodiment, the third opening
103 of the circuit
100 may remain fluidly decoupled from the side wall
89 of the tubular element
86 over the entire stroke of the plunger member
80 from the proximal position to the distal one, so that the door
D has a third predetermined closing speed.
[0169] On the other hand, the second opening
102 of the circuit
100 may be fluidly coupled with the side wall
89 of the tubular element
86 for a first starting part of the stroke of the plunger member
80, shown for example in FIG. 14a, so that the door
D has a predetermined closing speed.
[0170] The second opening
102 may remain fluidly decoupled from the side wall
89 of the tubular element
86 for a second final part of the stroke of the plunger member
80, shown for example in FIG. 13a, so as to impart to the door
D a latch action towards the closed position.
[0171] Advantageously, third means
122 may be provided for the regulation of the flow section of the second opening
102, for example a suitable screw, so as to allow a user to adjust the force by which
the door
D latches towards the closed position.
fourth means
123 may further be provided for the regulation of the flow section of the third opening
103, so as to allow a user to adjust the closing speed of the door
D.
[0172] In this embodiment, the cam element
60 may be configured so that upon opening of the door
D the plunger member
80 moves from the proximal position to the distal one.
[0173] Suitably, the elastic means
90 may include an actuating spring, i.e. a spring whose size and/or configuration is
sufficient to ensure the automatic closing of the door
D from the open position. The hinge so configured will be a closing hinge for the automatic
closing of the door
D from the open position.
[0174] From the above description, it is apparent that the invention fulfils the intended
objects.
[0175] The invention is susceptible to many changes and variants. All particulars may be
replaced by other technically equivalent elements, and the materials may be different
according to the needs, without exceeding the scope of the invention defined by the
appended claims.
1. Topfscharnier zum drehenden Bewegen einer Tür (D), insbesondere einer verstärkten
Tür, die mit einem röhrenförmigen Halteaufbau (F, CF) verbunden ist, der eine an einer
Wand (W) oder einer ähnlichen Stütze) verankerte hintere Gegenzarge (CF) und eine
an der Gegenzarge (CF) verankerte vordere Zarge (F) aufweist, wobei das Scharnier
ein festes Element (10) und ein bewegliches Element (20) umfasst, wobei letzteres
drehbar mit dem festen Element (10) gekoppelt ist, um sich um eine erste Längsachse
(X) zwischen einer offenen Position und einer geschlossenen Position zu drehen;
wobei das feste Element (10) einen kastenförmigen Scharnierkörper (11), der in dem
röhrenförmigen Halteaufbau (F, CF) verborgen wird, aufweist, wobei das bewegliche
Element (20) eine Verbindungsplatte (21) aufweist, die an der Tür (D) verankerbar
ist und dafür empfänglich ist, sich in der offenen Position von dem röhrenförmigen
Halteaufbau (F, CF) zu erstrecken und sich in der geschlossenen Position verdeckt
in den röhrenförmigen Halteaufbau (F, CF) zurückzuziehen;
wobei
- der kastenförmige Scharnierkörper (11) wenigstens eine erste Arbeitskammer (70)
aufweist, die eine zweite Längsachse (Y) definiert, welche von der ersten Achse (X)
beabstandet ist und im Wesentlichen parallel dazu verläuft, wobei die wenigstens eine
erste Arbeitskammer (70) eine Bodenwand (71), ein Kolbenelement (80), das entlang
der zweiten Längsachse (Y) gleitet, und ein elastisches Mittel (90), das betrieblich
mit dem Kolbenelement (80) verbunden ist, aufweist, wobei letzteres eine Vorderfläche
(81) aufweist, wobei die erste Längsachse (X) und die zweite Längsachse (Y) im Wesentlichen
parallel zueinander verlaufen;
- wobei das Scharnier ein Nockenelement (60) aufweist, das sich um die erste Achse
(X) dreht und so mit dem Kolbenelement (80) zusammenwirkt, dass die Drehung des Nockenelements
(60) um die erste Achse (X) dem Gleiten des Kolbenelements (80) entlang der zweiten
Achse (Y) entspricht, und umgekehrt, wobei das Kolbenelement (80) entlang der zweiten
Achse (Y) zwischen einer zu der Bodenwand (71) proximalen Position und einer davon
distalen Position gleitfähig ist;
- wobei die Arbeitskammer (70) ferner ein Arbeitsfluid enthält, das auf das Kolbenelement
(80) wirkt, um dessen Wirkung hydraulisch entgegenzuwirken, wobei das Kolbenelement
(80) die Arbeitskammer (70) in wenigstens einen ersten und einen zweiten Raum (72,
73) mit veränderlichem Volumen teilt, die fluidisch miteinander in Verbindung sehen
und sich vorzugsweise wechselseitig nebeneinander befinden, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass
- das Nockenelement (60) zu der Vorderfläche (81) des Kolbenelements (80) gewandt
ist;
- wobei sich das elastische Mittel (90) so in dem ersten Raum (72) befindet, dass
der wenigstens eine erste und eine zweite Raum (72, 73) an der distalen Position des
Kolbenelements (80) jeweils das größte beziehungsweise kleinste Volumen aufweisen
und an seiner (80) proximalen Position jeweils das kleinste beziehungsweise größte
Volumen aufweisen, wobei das elastische Mittel (90) auf das Kolbenelement (80) wirkt,
um es von der proximalen Position in die distale Position zurückzuholen;
- wobei das Kolbenelement (80) ein Einweg-Ventilmittel (82) zum Steuern des Flusses
des Arbeitsfluids zwischen dem wenigstens einen ersten und einen zweiten Raum (72,
73) beim Bewegen der Vorderfläche (81) des Kolbenelements (80) von einem aus der distalen
und der proximalen Position zu der anderen aus der distalen und der proximalen Position,
und einen Hydraulikkreis (100), der für den Fluss des Arbeitsfluids zwischen dem wenigstens
einen ersten und einen zweiten Raum (72, 73) mit veränderlichem Volumen bei der Bewegung
der Vorderfläche (81) von dem anderen aus der distalen und der proximalen Position
zu dem einen aus der distalen und der proximalen Position bereitgestellt ist, aufweist;
- wobei das Kolbenelement (80) ein röhrenförmiges Element (86) mit einem vorderen
Abschnitt (87), der in dem zweiten Raum (72) angeordnet ist, einem hinteren Abschnitt
(88), der in dem ersten Raum (72) angeordnet ist, und einer Seitenwand (89), die zu
der Seitenwand (74) der Arbeitskammer (70) gewandt ist, aufweist, wobei sich der Hydraulikkreis
(100) in dem kastenförmigen Scharnierkörper (11) außerhalb der wenigstens einen Arbeitskammer
(70) befindet und wenigstens eine erste Einlass/Auslassöffnung (101) in den zweiten
Raum (73) und eine zweite und eine dritte Einlass/Auslassöffnung (102, 103) in den
ersten Raum (72) aufweist, wobei sich die zweite Öffnung (102) stromaufwärts von der
dritten Öffnung (103) befindet.
2. Scharnier nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Ventilmittel (82) so ausgebildet ist, dass es
sich bei der Bewegung der Vorderfläche (81) von der proximalen in die distale Position
öffnet, um den Fluss des Arbeitsfluids von dem zweiten Raum (73) zu dem ersten Raum
(72) zu gestatten, und dass es sich bei der Bewegung der Vorderfläche (81) von der
distalen in die proximale Position schließt, um das Arbeitsfluid dazu zu zwingen,
von dem ersten Raum (72) zu dem zweiten Raum (73) zu fließen, indem es durch die zweite
und die dritte Öffnung (102, 103) in den Hydraulikkreis (100) gelangt und diesen durch
die erste Öffnung (101) verlässt.
3. Scharnier nach Anspruch 2, wobei die dritte Öffnung (103) für den gesamten Hubweg
des Kolbenelements (80) von der distalen in die proximale Position fluidisch von der
Seitenwand (89) des röhrenförmigen Elements (86) entkoppelt ist, während die zweite
Öffnung (102) während eines ersten Anfangsabschnitts des Hubwegs von der Seitenwand
(89) des röhrenförmigen Elements (86) entkoppelt bleibt und während eines zweiten
Endabschnitts des Hubwegs mit der Seitenwand (89) des röhrenförmigen Elements (86)
gekoppelt ist, so dass die Tür (D) für einen ersten Winkelabschnitt (α1) ihrer Drehung um die erste Achse (X), der dem ersten Anfangsabschnitt des Hubwegs
des Kolbenelements (80) entspricht, einen ersten Widerstand gegen die Bewegung beim
Öffnen/Schließen aufweist und für einen zweiten Winkelabschnitt (α2) ihrer Drehung um die erste Achse (X), der dem zweiten Endabschnitt des Hubwegs entspricht,
einen zweiten Widerstand gegen die Bewegung beim Öffnen und Schließen der Tür (D)
aufweist.
4. Scharnier nach Anspruch 3, umfassend ein erstes und ein zweites Mittel (120, 121),
um jeweils den Durchflussquerschnitt der zweiten und der dritten Öffnung (102, 103)
einzustellen, um einem Benutzer zu gestatten, den ersten und/oder den zweiten Widerstand
gegen die Bewegung beim Öffnen/Schließen der Tür (D) unabhängig einzustellen.
5. Scharnier nach Anspruch 4, wobei das elastische Mittel (90) eine Rückstellfeder aufweist,
so dass das Scharnier ein Steuerscharnier zum Steuern der Drehbewegung der Tür (D)
ist.
6. Scharnier nach Anspruch 5, wobei das Nockenelement (60) so ausgebildet ist, dass sich
das Kolbenelement (80) beim Öffnen der Tür (D) von der distalen Position in die proximale
Position bewegt, wobei das erste und das zweite Einstellmittel (120, 121) dafür empfänglich
sind, den ersten und den zweiten Widerstand gegen die Bewegung der Tür (D) entlang
des ersten und des zweiten Winkelabschnitts (α1, α2) bei ihrem Öffnen einzustellen.
7. Scharnier nach Anspruch 6, wobei das Nockenelement (60) so ausgebildet ist, dass sich
das Kolbenelement (80) beim Öffnen der Tür von der proximalen Position in die distale
Position bewegt, wobei das erste und das zweite Einstellmittel (120, 121) dafür empfänglich
sind, den ersten und den zweiten Widerstand gegen die Bewegung der Tür (D) entlang
des ersten und des zweiten Winkelabschnitts (α1, α2) bei ihrem Schließen einzustellen.
8. Scharnier nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Ventilmittel (82) so ausgebildet ist, dass es
sich bei der Bewegung der Vorderfläche (81) von der distalen in die proximale Position
öffnet, um das Fließen des Arbeitsfluids von dem ersten Raum (72) zu dem zweiten Raum
(73) zu gestatten, und dass es sich bei der Bewegung der Vorderfläche (81) von der
proximalen in die distale Position schließt, um das Arbeitsfluid dazu zu zwingen.
von dem zweiten Raum (73) zu dem ersten Raum (72) zu fließen, indem es durch die erste
Öffnung (101) in den Hydraulikkreis (100) gelangt, und diesen durch die zweite und
dritte Öffnung (102, 103) verlässt.
9. Scharnier nach Anspruch 8, wobei die dritte Öffnung (103) für den gesamten Hubweg
des Kolbenelements (80) von der proximalen in die distale Position fluidisch von der
Seitenwand (89) des röhrenförmigen Elements (86) entkoppelt ist, so dass sich die
Tür mit einer vorherbestimmten Öffnungs/Schließgeschwindigkeit bewegt, wobei die zweite
Öffnung während eines ersten Anfangsabschnitts des Hubwegs fluidisch mit der Seitenwand
(89) des röhrenförmigen Elements (86) gekoppelt ist und während eines zweiten Endabschnitts
des Hubwegs fluidisch von der Seitenwand (89) des röhrenförmigen Elements (86) entkoppelt
ist, um der Tür (D) eine Öffnungs/Schließ-Schnappwirkung zu vermitteln.
10. Scharnier nach Anspruch 9, umfassend ein drittes Mittel (122) zum Einstellen des Durchflussquerschnitts
der zweiten Öffnung (102), um einem Benutzer zu gestatten, die Kraft, mit der die
Tür (D) in die Öffnungs/Schließposition schnappt, einzustellen, wobei ferner ein viertes
Mittel (123) zum Einstellen des Durchflussquerschnitts der dritten Öffnung (103) bereitgestellt
ist, um einem Benutzer zu gestatten, die Öffnungs/Schließgeschwindigkeit der Tür (D)
einzustellen.
11. Scharnier nach Anspruch 10, wobei das Nockenelement (60) so ausgebildet ist, dass
sich das Kolbenelement (80) beim Öffnen der Tür (D) von der distalen Position in die
proximale Position bewegt, wobei das elastische Mittel (90) eine derartige Betätigungsfeder
aufweist, dass das Scharnier ein Scharnier für das automatische Schließen der Tür
(D) aus der offenen Position ist, wobei das dritte und das vierte Einstellmittel (122,
123) dafür empfänglich sind, die Schnappkraft der Tür (D) in die geschlossene Position
und ihre Geschwindigkeit bei ihrem Schließen einzustellen.
12. Scharnier nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei der kastenförmige
Scharnierkörper (11) ein Paar von Endsitzen (12, 12') aufweist, die die erste Achse
(X) definieren, wobei die Verbindungsplatte (21) einen ersten Mittelabschnitt (22),
der für eine betriebliche Verbindung mit der Tür (D) empfänglich ist, und ein Paar
von zweiten Endabschnitten (23, 23'), die zueinander gewandt sind und wechselseitig
betrieblich mit den Endsitzen (12, 12') des kastenförmigen Scharnierkörpers (11) verbunden
sind, aufweist.
13. Scharnier nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei einer der zweiten Endabschnitte
(23, 23') ein gebogenes Nockenelement (60) aufweist, das in Bezug auf die erste Achse
(X) konzentrisch ist und sich einheitlich mit der Verbindungsplatte (21) um die erste
Achse (X) dreht.
14. Scharnier nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei die Vorderfläche (81) des Kolbenelements
(80) zu dem gebogenen Nockenelement (60) gewandt ist, um damit so zusammenzuwirken,
dass die Drehung des Nockenelements (60) um die erste Achse (X) dem Gleiten des Kolbenelements
(80) entlang der zweiten Achse (Y) entspricht, und umgekehrt.
15. Scharnier nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei das gebogene Nockenelement (60)
eine im Allgemeinen dreieckige Form mit einer Betriebsfläche (61) mit einer vorherbestimmten
Neigung aufweist, so dass sich das Kolbenelement (80) beim Öffnen der Tür (D) von
der distalen zu der proximalen Position bzw. von der proximalen zu der distalen Position
bewegt.