Background of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a simultaneous cooling and heating multi-air conditioner
including an outdoor and a plurality of indoors, in which by switching high or low
pressure of a heat exchanger and a high or low pressure gas pipe, a certain indoor
performs a cooling operation while the other indoors perform a heating operation.
WO 2008/090773 A1 discloses an air conditioner with the features described in the preamble portions
of patent claims 1 and 4, respectively.
[0002] Switching of a condenser/evaporator of an outdoor heat exchanger of a simultaneous
cooling and heating multi-air conditioner, and switching of high pressure/low pressure
of a high or low pressure gas pipe do not sometimes match with each other since cooling
and heating are simultaneously operated, and the condenser/evaporator and the high
pressure/low pressure have to be separately switched respectively. At such a time,
switching is sometimes performed in such a way as with a three-way switching valve
by using three portions of a less expensive four-way valve which is frequently used
in freezing cycles, instead of a three-way valve and an electromagnetic valve.
[0003] More specifically, to the three ports out of the four ports of a four-way valve,
connection is made so that any one of (A) a compressor discharge side piping system
and (B) a compressor intake side piping system is connected to (C) an outdoor heat
exchanger or a high or low pressure gas pipe, and (D) one remaining dead port is completely
sealed in an unused state.
[0004] However, if the remaining dead port is completely sealed in an unused state in a
four-way valve, a refrigerant entering from the other ports is condensed and accumulates
in the dead port, and the circulating refrigerant becomes insufficient. Therefore,
the dead port is connected to the compressor intake piping via a capillary tube, and
thereby, accumulation of the refrigerant is prevented. As an example of using a four-way
valve and a capillary tube for an outdoor heat exchanger, for example,
JP-2005-337659 A can be cited.
[0005] In
JP-2005-337659 A, explaining with reference to the above described reference characters (A) to (D),
the respective ports of a four-way switching valve (four-way valve) 613 are switched
to the state shown by the broken line of Fig. 1 at the time of a heating operation
to be in the state in which (C) an outdoor heat exchanger 612 is connected to (B)
an intake side piping system of a compressor 611, and (A) the compressor discharge
side piping system and (D) a remaining port of the switching valve 613 are connected.
However, in this connection state, a high pressure gas refrigerant at the compressor
discharge side is bypassed to the intake side of the compressor 611 via the switching
valve 613 and a capillary tube 637. Therefore, the refrigerant circulation amount
to the indoor reduces, and the capability reduces.
[0006] WO 2008/090773 A1 discloses an air conditioner comprising: an indoor including an indoor heat exchanger,
an outdoor including an outdoor heat exchanger and a compressor for compressing a
refrigerant, a liquid pipe through which the refrigerant liquefied by one of the outdoor
heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger is enabled to flow from the one of the
outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger to the other one of the outdoor
heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger, and a high or low pressure gas pipe
through which the refrigerant is enabled to flow between the compressor and the indoor
heat exchanger while being prevented from passing through the outdoor heat exchanger.
Brief Summary of the Invention
[0007] In view of the disadvantage of the above described conventional art, an object of
the present invention is to provide an air conditioner which prevents performance
reduction by preventing bypass loss of a refrigerant in a cooling operation, a heating
operation and an operation of mainly carrying out heating, decreases bypass loss of
a four-way valve when an outdoor heat exchanger is a condenser and a high or low pressure
gas pipe is at a high pressure (at the time of an operation of mainly carrying out
cooling), and enhances performance in all operation states.
[0008] In order to attain the above-described object, an air conditioner according to the
present invention includes an indoor having an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor
having a compressor and an outdoor heat exchanger, the indoor and the outdoor being
connected by a high or low pressure gas pipe and a liquid pipe for passing a refrigerant,
the outdoor including a heat exchanger four-way valve which connects the outdoor heat
exchanger to any one of a compressor discharge side and intake side, and a high or
low pressure gas pipe four-way valve which connects the high or low pressure gas pipe
to any one of a compressor discharge side and intake side, wherein the outdoor further
includes a first capillary tube connecting a dead port of the high or low pressure
gas pipe four-way valve and the heat exchanger, and a second capillary tube connecting
a dead port of the heat exchanger four-way valve and the high or low pressure gas
pipe.
[0009] In order to attain the above described object, an air conditioner according to the
present invention includes an indoor having an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor
having a compressor and an outdoor heat exchanger, the indoor and the outdoor being
connected by a high or low pressure gas pipe and a liquid pipe for passing a refrigerant,
the outdoor including a heat exchanger four-way valve which connects the outdoor heat
exchanger to any one of a compressor discharge side and intake side, and a high or
low pressure gas pipe four-way valve which connects the high or low pressure gas pipe
to any one of a compressor discharge side and intake side, wherein the high or low
pressure gas pipe four-way valve has a high or low pressure gas pipe port, a high
pressure port, a low pressure port and a dead port, the dead port and the heat exchanger
being connected by a first capillary tube, and the heat exchanger four-way valve has
a heat exchanger port, a high pressure port, a low pressure port and a dead port,
the dead port and the high or low pressure gas pipe being connected by a second capillary
tube.
[0010] Further, in the air conditioner, at a time of cooling operation, the refrigerant
flows to the outdoor heat exchanger via the first capillary tube from the dead port
of the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve, and a return refrigerant from
the indoor flows to the compressor intake side from the dead port of the heat exchanger
four-way valve via the second capillary tube.
[0011] Further, in the air conditioner, at a time of a heating operation, the refrigerant
flows to the high or low pressure gas pipe side via the second capillary tube from
the dead port of the heat exchanger four-way valve, and the return refrigerant from
the outdoor flows to the compressor intake side from the dead port of the high or
low pressure gas pipe four-way valve via the first capillary tube.
[0012] Further, an air conditioner according to the present invention including an indoor
having an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor having a compressor and an outdoor
heat exchanger, the indoor and the outdoor being connected by a high or low pressure
gas pipe and a liquid pipe for passing a refrigerant, the outdoor including a heat
exchanger four-way valve which connects the outdoor heat exchanger to any one of a
compressor discharge side and intake side, and a high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve which connects the high or low pressure gas pipe to any one of a compressor
discharge side and intake side, wherein the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve has a high or low pressure gas pipe port, a high pressure port, a low pressure
port and a dead port, the dead port and the heat exchanger being connected by a first
bypass valve for passing the refrigerant in a heat exchanger direction, and the heat
exchanger four-way valve has a heat exchanger port, a high pressure port, a low pressure
port and a dead port, and the dead port and the high or low pressure gas pipe being
connected by a second bypass valve for passing the refrigerant in a high or low pressure
gas pipe direction.
[0013] Further, in the air conditioner, the first bypass valve and second bypass valve are
a first check-valve and a second check-valve respectively.
[0014] Further, in the air conditioner, at the time of a cooling operation, the refrigerant
flows to the outdoor heat exchanger via the first check-valve from the dead port of
the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve.
[0015] Further, in the air conditioner, at the time of a heating operation, the refrigerant
flows to the high or low pressure gas pipe via the second check-valve from the dead
port of the heat exchanger four-way valve.
[0016] Further, in the air conditioner, the first bypass valve and second bypass valve are
both constituted of opening and closing valves, in the case of four-way valve switch
in which the dead port of at least one of the four-way valves is connected to the
compressor discharge side, the dead port of the four-way valve of the switch is opened,
and in the case of four-way valve switch in which the dead ports of both the four-way
valves are both connected to the compressor intake side, the opening and closing valves
are both closed.
[0017] According to the present invention, when a switching operation of a cooling operation,
a heating operation, and a simultaneous heating/cooling operation in a simultaneous
cooling and heating multi-air conditioner is performed by using a less expensive four-way
valve, bypass loss of a refrigerant is prevented, and the performance can be enhanced.
Further, the liquid refrigerant which enters from the port of the four-way valve can
be prevented from being condensed and accumulating in the dead port.
Brief Description of the Several Views of the Drawings
[0018]
Fig. 1 is a freezing cycle schematic diagram according to embodiment 1 of the present
invention;
Fig. 2 is a freezing cycle schematic diagram according to embodiment 2 of the present
invention; and
Fig. 3 is a freezing cycle schematic diagram according to embodiment 3 of the present
invention.
Detailed Description of the Invention
[0019] Hereinafter, embodiments of a simultaneous cooling and heating multi-air conditioner
of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[Embodiment 1]
[0020] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of a freezing cycle of the simultaneous
cooling and heating multi-air conditioner of the present invention. The air conditioner
is constituted by connecting one outdoor 10a and three indoors 40a, 40b and 40c to
a liquid pipe 30 for refrigerant, and a high or low pressure gas pipe 34 and a low
pressure gas pipe 37 of a refrigerant in parallel respectively. Here, the number of
outdoors which are connected may be larger than one, and the number of indoors which
are connected may be larger or smaller than three, or may be one.
[0021] As shown in the drawing, the inside of a casing of the outdoor 10a includes a compressor
11a which compresses and discharges a refrigerant, a check-valve 12a for passing the
refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11a in a discharge direction, four-way
valves 16a and 13a which switch a circulating direction of the refrigerant, an outdoor
heat exchanger 14a which performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and external
air, an outdoor fan 19a which blows the external air to the outdoor heat exchanger
14a, and an outdoor expansion valve 15a which functions as a throttling mechanism.
Here, the four-way valve 16a is called a heat exchanger four-way valve, and the four-way
valve 13a is called a high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve. Of four ports
of the four-way valves, a port connected to a high pressure side of a compressor discharge
side piping 21a is called a high pressure port, a port connected to a low pressure
side of a compressor intake side piping 23a is called a low pressure port, a port
connected to a high or low pressure gas pipe is called a high or low pressure gas
pipe port, a port connected to a heat exchanger is called a heat exchanger port, and
a remaining port is called a dead port.
[0022] Accordingly, the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a has the respective
ports for the high or low pressure gas pipe, high pressure and low pressure, and the
dead port, whereas the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a has the respective ports
for the heat exchanger, the high pressure and the low pressure, and the dead port.
[0023] The inside of the casing of the outdoor 10a further includes a bypass capillary tube
(first capillary tube) 61a which is connected to between the dead port of the high
or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and the outdoor heat exchanger 14a, and
a bypass capillary tube (second capillary tube) 62a which is connected to between
the dead port of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a and the high or low pressure
gas pipe (a gate valve 32a side). The other end of the outdoor expansion valve 15a
is connected to the liquid pipe 30 via a liquid gate valve 31a. The low pressure side
of the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is connected to the high or
low pressure gas pipe 34 via the high or low pressure gate valve 32a. The compressor
intake side piping 23a is connected to the low pressure gas pipe 37 via a low pressure
gas gate valve 39a. The respective gate valves 31a, 32a and 39a are opened when the
outdoor 10a is connected to the respective pipes 30, 34 and 37, and is kept open,
for example, during an operation after that.
[0024] The respective casings of the indoors 40a, 40b and 40c house indoor heat exchangers
41a, 41b and 41c which perform heat exchange between the refrigerant and indoor air,
indoor expansion valves 42a, 42b, and 42c which are connected to between the liquid
pipe 30 and the respective indoor heat exchangers, and cooling and heating switch
units 50a, 50b and 50c. High pressure side opening and closing mechanisms 51a, 51b
and 51c which are connected to between the high or low pressure gas pipe 34 and the
respective indoor heat exchangers, and low pressure side opening and closing mechanisms
52a, 52b and 52c which are connected to between the low pressure gas pipe 37 and the
respective indoor heat exchangers are housed in the cooling and heating switch units
50a, 50b and 50c.
[0025] In the air conditioner constituted as described above, a control device (not illustrated)
is provided, which performs switch control of the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve 13a and the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a of the outdoor 10a, and switch
control of the high pressure side opening and closing mechanisms 51a, 51b and 51c,
and the low pressure side opening and closing mechanisms 52a, 52b and 52c in the indoors
40a, 40b and 40c based on an operation signal from the operation device operated by
a man or a temperature sensor (both not illustrated).
[0026] Next, an operation at the time of a cooling operation of the outdoor 10a and the
indoors 40a, 40b and 40c will be described. The high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve 13a and the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a are in a connected state shown
by the solid line in Fig. 1. In the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a,
the low pressure port and the high or low pressure gas pipe 34 are connected, and
the high pressure port and the dead port are connected so that the high pressure port
is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a via the bypass capillary tube 61a.
In the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a, the outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the high
pressure port are connected, and the low pressure port and the dead port are connected
so that the low pressure port is connected to the high or low pressure gate valve
32a side via the bypass capillary tube 62a.
[0027] As the flow of the refrigerant, the high pressure gas refrigerant compressed in the
compressor 11a is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and
the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a. The high pressure gas refrigerant which is
fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is fed to the outdoor
heat exchanger 14a via the bypass capillary tube 61a, and the high pressure gas refrigerant
which is fed to the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is also fed to the outdoor heat
exchanger 14a. The main flow of the high pressure gas refrigerant passes through the
four-way valve 16a, but the flow also occurs to the bypass capillary tube 61a. Therefore,
the high pressure gas refrigerant is not excessively condensed in the dead port of
the high or low pressure gas pipe side four-way valve 13a, and the liquid refrigerant
does not accumulate therein. Further, a bypass between high and low pressures is not
formed by the bypass capillary tube 61a.
[0028] The high pressure gas refrigerant fed to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a exchanges
heat with outdoor air and condenses to be a high pressure refrigerant, passes through
the liquid gate valve 31a and the liquid pipe 30, and is used for a cooling operation
in the respective indoors 40a, 40b and 40c to be a low pressure gas refrigerant. A
return refrigerant of low pressure gas flowing out of each of the indoors is diverted
to the high or low pressure gas pipe 34 and the low pressure gas pipe 37 to return
to the outdoor. A part of the low pressure gas refrigerant of the high or low pressure
gas pipe 34 is fed to the dead port of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a via the
bypass capillary tube 62a, and the remainder is fed to the high or low pressure gas
pipe four-way valve 13a. The low pressure gas refrigerants which are fed to the heat
exchanger four-way valve 16a and the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve
13a merge in the piping 23a and are fed to the compressor. The low pressure gas refrigerant
of the low pressure gas pipe 37 is also fed to the compressor and compressed again.
The bypass capillary tube 62a of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is connected
to the low pressure port via the dead port, and the refrigerant does not condense
or does not accumulate in the four-way valve. Further, the bypass between high and
low pressures is not formed by the bypass capillary tube 62a.
[0029] Next, an operation at the time of a heating operation of the outdoor 10a, and the
indoors 40a, 40b and 40c will be described. Concerning the operation of mainly carrying
out heating in which a cooling machine is partially included in the heating indoors,
the flow of the refrigerant around the four-way valve is the same as that in the heating
operation, and therefore, the description will be omitted.
[0030] At the time of a heating operation, the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve
13a and the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a are in the connected state shown by
the broken line in Fig. 1. In the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a,
the high or low pressure gas pipe 34 and the high pressure port are connected, and
the low pressure port and the dead port are connected so that the low pressure port
is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a via the bypass capillary tube 61a.
In the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a, the outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the low
pressure port are connected, the high pressure port and the dead port are connected,
and the high pressure port is connected to the high or low pressure gate valve 32a
side via the bypass capillary tube 62a.
[0031] As the flow of the refrigerant, the high pressure gas refrigerant compressed in the
compressor 11a is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and
the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a. The high pressure gas refrigerant which is
fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is fed to the high or
low pressure gas pipe 34, and the high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the
heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is similarly fed to the high or low pressure gas
pipe 34 via the bypass capillary tube 62a. The main flow of the high pressure gas
refrigerant passes through the four-way valve 13a, but the flow also occurs to the
bypass capillary tube 62a. Therefore, the high pressure gas refrigerant does not excessively
condense in the dead port of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a, and the liquid
refrigerant does not accumulate therein. Further, the bypass between high and low
pressures is not formed by the bypass capillary tube 62a.
[0032] The high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe
34 is used for a heating operation in each of the indoors 40a, 40b and 40c and condenses
to be a high pressure liquid refrigerant. The high pressure liquid refrigerant passes
through the liquid pipe 30, is restricted by the outdoor expansion valve 15a, and
exchanges heat with the outdoor air in the outdoor heat exchanger 14a to be a return
refrigerant of a low pressure gas. A part of the low pressure gas refrigerant is fed
to the dead port of the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a via the bypass
capillary tube 61a, and the remainder is fed to the heat exchanger four-way valve
16a. The low pressure gas refrigerants which are fed to the high or low pressure gas
pipe four-way valve 13a and the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a merge in the piping
23a and are fed to the compressor to be compressed again. The bypass capillary tube
61a of the heat exchanger four-way valve 13a is connected to the low pressure port
via the dead port, and the refrigerant is not condensed or accumulated in the four-way
valve. Further, a bypass between high and low pressures is not formed by the bypass
capillary tube 61a.
[0033] Finally, the case of an operation of mainly carrying out cooling in which the outdoor
10a, and the indoors 40a and 40b perform a cooling operation while the indoor 40c
performs a heating operation will be described. In Fig. 1, the high or low pressure
gas pipe four-way valve 13a is in the connected state shown by the broken line, and
the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is in the connected state shown by the solid
line.
[0034] In the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a, the high or low pressure
gas pipe 34 and the high pressure port are connected, and in the heat exchanger four-way
valve 16a, the outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the high pressure port are connected.
Here, the low pressure side of the high or low pressure gas four-way valve 13a is
connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the high pressure port of the heat
exchanger four-way valve 16a via the dead port and the bypass capillary tube 61a.
The dead port of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is connected to the high or
low pressure gas gate valve 32a side and the low pressure port via the bypass capillary
tube 62a.
[0035] As the flow of the refrigerant, the high pressure gas refrigerant compressed in the
compressor 11a is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and
the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a. The high pressure gas refrigerant which is
fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is fed to the high or
low pressure gas pipe 34, and the high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the
heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is fed to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a. Here,
a part of the high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the outdoor heat exchanger
14a is fed to the compressor intake piping 23a via the bypass capillary tube 61a,
the dead port of the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a, and the low
pressure port.
[0036] Similarly, a part of the high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the high or
low pressure gas pipe 34 via the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a
is fed to the compressor intake piping 23a via the bypass capillary tube 62a, the
dead port and the low pressure port of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a. The
flow of the refrigerant occurs in the bypass capillary tubes 61a and 62a, and therefore,
the liquid refrigerant does not accumulate in the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve 13a and the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a, but since the bypass between
high and low pressures is formed by passing through both the bypass capillary tubes,
the refrigerant circulation amount is decreased by the amount for the bypass to reduce
performance. However, since an exhaust heat recovery operation of the indoors is carried
out in the simultaneous cooling and heating operation, a reserve capacity occurs to
the outdoor capacity, and capability shortage does not occur.
[0037] The high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe
34 is used for a heating operation in the indoor 40c to become a condensed high pressure
liquid refrigerant. Further, the high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the
outdoor heat exchanger 14a exchanges heat with outdoor air and condenses to become
a high pressure liquid refrigerant, passes through the liquid gate valve 31a and the
liquid pipe 30, merges with the liquid refrigerant which is condensed in the indoor
40c, is used for the cooling operation in the indoors 40a and 40b and becomes a low
pressure gas refrigerant. The low pressure gas refrigerant which flows out of each
of the indoors passes through the low pressure gas pipe 37, returns to the compressor
and is compressed again.
[0038] In the present embodiment, the bypass capillary tube is used for the dead port of
the four-way valve, and therefore, the following effect is provided. More specifically,
the bypass is such that the liquid refrigerant does not accumulate in the four-way
valve, and therefore, a fine pipe can be used, which is far less expensive as compared
with the other electromagnetic valves and the like. Further, the bypass capillary
tube does not have the operating component as compared with the other valves and the
like. Therefore, operation failure (tightened) does not occur, and is highly reliable.
[Embodiment 2]
[0039] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a freezing cycle of embodiment 2 of the present
invention. This is an example in which the bypass capillary tubes 61a and 62a shown
in Fig. 1 are changed to a first bypass check-valve (first bypass valve) 63a and a
second bypass check-valve (second bypass valve) 64a. Here, the first bypass check-valve
(first bypass valve) 63a is connected so that the refrigerant flows in the heat exchanger
direction between the dead port of the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve
13a and the heat exchanger 14a. The second bypass check-valve (second bypass valve)
64a is connected so that the refrigerant flows in the high or low pressure gas pipe
direction between the dead port of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a and the high
or low pressure gas pipe 34.
[0040] First, the case of a cooling operation of the outdoor 10a, and the indoors 40a, 40b
and 40c will be described. The high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and
the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a are in the connected state shown by the solid
line in Fig. 2. In the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a, the high
or low pressure gas pipe 34 is connected to the low pressure port, and in the heat
exchanger four-way valve 16a, the outdoor heat exchanger 14a is connected to the high
pressure port. The high pressure port of the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve 13a is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a via the first bypass check-valve
63a, and the low pressure port of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is connected
to the high or low pressure gate valve 32a side via the second bypass check-valve
64a.
[0041] As the flow of the refrigerant, the high pressure gas refrigerant compressed in the
compressor 11a is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and
the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a. The high pressure gas refrigerant which is
fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is fed to the outdoor
heat exchanger 14a via the bypass check-valve 63a, and the high pressure gas refrigerant
which is fed to the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is also fed to the outdoor heat
exchanger 14a. The flow of the refrigerant occurs by the bypass check-valve 63a. Therefore,
the high pressure gas refrigerant is not excessively condensed in the dead port of
the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a, and the liquid refrigerant does
not accumulate therein. Further, a bypass between high and low pressures is not formed
by the bypass check-valve 63a.
[0042] The high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a
exchanges heat with outdoor air and condenses to be a high pressure liquid refrigerant,
passes through the liquid gate valve 31a and the liquid pipe 30, and is used for a
cooling operation in the indoors 40a, 40b and 40c to be a low pressure gas refrigerant.
A return refrigerant of low pressure gas which flows out of each of the indoors is
diverted to the high or low pressure gas pipe 34 and the low pressure gas pipe 37
to return to the outdoor. The low pressure gas refrigerant of the high or low pressure
gas pipe 34 is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a. The low
pressure gas refrigerant is not fed to the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a, since
the bypass check-valve 64a of the dead port is in the opposite direction. However,
the bypass check-valve 64a of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is connected to
the low pressure gas refrigerant side. Thus, the refrigerant of the dead port does
not accumulate in the four-way valve by being condensed, and further, the bypass check-valve
64a does not form a bypass between high and low pressures. The low pressure gas refrigerant
which is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is fed to the
compressor, and the low pressure gas refrigerant of the low pressure gas pipe 37 is
also fed to the compressor, which are compressed again.
[0043] Next, the case of a heating operation of the outdoor 10a and the indoors 40a, 40b
and 40c will be described. The high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and
the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a are in the connected state shown by the broken
line in Fig. 2. In the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a, connection
is in the direction in which the high or low pressure gas pipe 34 is connected to
the high pressure port, and in the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a, connection is
in the direction in which the outdoor heat exchanger 14a is connected to the low pressure
port. The low pressure port of the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a
is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a via the dead port and the bypass check-valve
63a, and the high pressure port of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is connected
to the high or low pressure gate valve 32a side via the dead port and the bypass check-valve
64a.
[0044] As the flow of the refrigerant, the high pressure gas refrigerant compressed in the
compressor 11a is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and
the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a. The high pressure gas refrigerant which is
fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is fed to the high or
low pressure gas pipe 34, and the high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the
heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is also fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe
34 via the bypass check-valve 64a. The flow of the refrigerant occurs by the bypass
check-valve 64a. Therefore, the high pressure gas refrigerant is not excessively condensed
in the dead port of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a, and the liquid refrigerant
does not accumulate therein. Further, a bypass between high and low pressures is not
formed.
[0045] The high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe
34 is used for a heating operation in each of the indoors 40a, 40b and 40c, and is
condensed to be a high pressure liquid refrigerant. Subsequently, the high pressure
liquid refrigerant passes through the liquid pipe 30, is restricted in the outdoor
expansion valve 15a, exchanges heat with outdoor air in the outdoor heat exchanger
14a to become a low pressure gas refrigerant, and is fed to the heat exchanger four-way
valve 16a. The low pressure gas refrigerant is not fed to the dead port of the high
or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a, since the bypass check-valve 63a is in
the opposite direction. However, the bypass check-valve 63a of the high or low pressure
gas pipe four-way valve 13a is connected to the low pressure at the low pressure gas
refrigerant side. Thus, the refrigerant does not condense in the dead port, or does
not accumulate in the four-way valve, or a bypass between high and low pressures is
not formed. The low pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the heat exchanger four-way
valve 16a is fed to the compressor 11a, and is compressed again.
[0046] Finally, the case of performing an operation of mainly carrying out cooling in which
the outdoor 10a, and the indoors 40a and 40b perform a cooling operation while the
indoor 40c performs a heating operation will be described. In Fig. 2, the high or
low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is in the connected state shown by the broken
line, and the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is in the connected state shown by
the solid line. In the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a, connection
is in the direction in which the high or low pressure gas pipe 34 is connected to
the high pressure port, and in the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a, connection is
in the direction in which the outdoor heat exchanger 14a is connected to the high
pressure port. Here, the low pressure port of the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve 13a is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a via the dead port and the
bypass check-valve 63a. The low pressure port of the heat exchanger four-way valve
16a is connected to the high or low pressure gas gate valve 32a side via the dead
port and the bypass check-valve 64a.
[0047] As the flow of the refrigerant around the four-way valve, the high pressure gas refrigerant
compressed by the compressor 11a is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve 13a and the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a. The high pressure gas refrigerant
which is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is fed to the
high or low pressure gas pipe 34, and the high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed
to the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is fed to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a.
[0048] Here, high pressure is exerted on the bypass check-valve 63a, but since the direction
is opposite, the refrigerant is not fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve 13a and the compressor intake piping 23a. Similarly, high pressure is also exerted
on the bypass check-valve 64a, but since the direction is opposite, the refrigerant
is not fed to the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a and the compressor intake piping
23a. Thereby, a bypass between high and low pressures at the time of the operation
of mainly carrying out cooling, which occurs to the aforementioned embodiment 1 of
Fig. 1 can be prevented.
[0049] Further, the pressure between the dead port of the high or low pressure gas pipe
four-way valve 13a from the check-valve, and the pressure between the dead port of
the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a and the check-valve are drawn to low pressure.
Therefore, the refrigerant is prevented from being condensed and accumulating in the
dead port of each of the four-way valves, or a bypass between high and low pressures
is not formed.
[Embodiment 3]
[0050] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a freezing cycle of embodiment 3 of the present
invention. Fig. 3 is an example in which the first bypass check-valve 63a and the
second bypass check-valve 64a shown in Fig. 2 are changed to a first bypass opening
and closing valve 65a and a second bypass opening and closing valve 66a respectively.
[0051] The first bypass opening and closing valve (first bypass valve) 65a is opened and
closed so that the refrigerant flows in the heat exchanger direction between the dead
port of the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and the heat exchanger
14a, and the second bypass opening and closing valve (second bypass valve) 66a is
opened and closed so that the refrigerant flows in the high or low pressure gas pipe
direction between the dead port of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a and the high
or low pressure gas pipe 34. The opening and closing valve may be an electromagnetic
valve or an expansion valve. The bypass opening and closing valve is characterized
by being usually in an open state, and being brought into a closed state when the
outdoor heat exchanger 14a is an evaporator, and when the high or low pressure gas
pipe 34 is at low pressure (especially at the time of the operation of mainly carrying
out cooling). Thereby, as in Fig. 2 of embodiment 2, the bypass between high and low
pressures at the time of the operation of mainly carrying out cooling which occurs
in Fig. 1 can be prevented.
[0052] First, the case of the operation of carrying out cooling of the outdoor 10a, and
the indoors 40a, 40b and 40c will be described. The high or low pressure gas pipe
four-way valve 13a and the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a are in the connected
state shown by the solid line in Fig. 3. In the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve 13a, connection is in the direction in which the high or low pressure gas pipe
34 is connected to the low pressure port, and in the heat exchanger four-way valve
16a, connection is in the direction in which the outdoor heat exchanger 14a is connected
to the high pressure port. Here, the high pressure port of the high or low pressure
gas pipe four-way valve 13a is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a via the
dead port and the bypass opening and closing valve 65a. The low pressure port of the
heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is connected to the high or low pressure gate valve
32a side via the dead port and the bypass opening and closing valve 66a. At this time,
the bypass opening and closing valve 65a is necessarily opened, but the bypass opening
and closing valve 66a may be opened or closed.
[0053] As the flow of the refrigerant, the high pressure gas refrigerant compressed in the
compressor 11a is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and
the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a. The high pressure gas refrigerant which is
fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is fed in the direction
of the outdoor heat exchanger 14a since the bypass opening and closing valve 65a is
open, and the high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the heat exchanger four-way
valve 16a is also fed to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a. The flow of the refrigerant
occurs by the open state of the bypass opening and closing valve 65a. Therefore, the
high pressure gas refrigerant is not excessively condensed in the dead port of the
high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a, and the liquid refrigerant does
not accumulate therein. Further, a bypass between high and low pressures is not formed.
[0054] The high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a
exchanges heat with outdoor air and condenses to be a high pressure refrigerant, passes
through the liquid gate valve 31a and the liquid pipe 30, and is used for a cooling
operation in the indoors 40a, 40b and 40c to be a low pressure gas refrigerant. A
return refrigerant of low pressure gas which flows out of each of the indoors is diverted
to the high or low pressure gas pipe 34 and the low pressure gas pipe 37 to return
to the outdoor. The low pressure gas refrigerant of the high or low pressure gas pipe
34 is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a. The bypass opening
and closing valve 66a may be opened or closed to the heat exchanger four-way valve
16a, and therefore, the refrigerant may be fed or not fed.
[0055] Piping (including the dead port) between the low pressure port of the heat exchanger
four-way valve 16a and the bypass opening and closing valve 66a is connected to the
low pressure gas refrigerant side. Therefore, the refrigerant is not condensed in
the dead port, or does not accumulate in the four-way valve. Further, a bypass between
high and low pressures is not formed. The low pressure gas refrigerant which is fed
to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is fed to the compressor.
The low pressure gas refrigerant of the low pressure gas pipe 37 is also fed to the
compressor, and is compressed again.
[0056] Next, the case of a heating operation of the outdoor 10a and the indoors 40a, 40b
and 40c will be described. The high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and
the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a are in the connected state shown by the broken
line in Fig. 3. In the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a, connection
is in the direction in which the high or low pressure gas pipe 34 is connected to
the high pressure port, and in the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a, connection is
in the direction in which the outdoor heat exchanger 14a is connected to the low pressure
port. Here, the low pressure port of the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve
13a is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a via the bypass opening and closing
valve 65a. The high pressure port of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is connected
to the high or low pressure gate valve side via the bypass opening and closing valve
66a. The bypass opening and closing valve 66a is necessarily opened, but the bypass
opening and closing valve 65a may be opened or closed.
[0057] As the flow of the refrigerant, the high pressure gas refrigerant compressed in the
compressor 11a is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and
the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a. The high pressure gas refrigerant which is
fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is fed to the high or
low pressure gas pipe 34, and the high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the
heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe 34 since
the bypass opening and closing valve 66a is opened. The flow of the refrigerant occurs
by the bypass opening and closing valve 66a. Therefore, the high pressure gas refrigerant
is not excessively condensed in the dead port of the heat exchanger four-way valve
16a, and the liquid refrigerant does not accumulate therein. A bypass between high
and low pressures is not formed.
[0058] The high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe
34 is used for a heating operation in each of the indoors 40a, 40b and 40c, and is
condensed to be a high pressure liquid refrigerant. Subsequently, the high pressure
liquid refrigerant passes through the liquid pipe 30, is restricted in the outdoor
expansion valve 15a, exchanges heat with outdoor air through the outdoor heat exchanger
14a to become a low pressure gas refrigerant, and is fed to the heat exchanger four-way
valve 16a. The refrigerant may be fed or may not be fed to the high or low pressure
gas pipe four-way valve 13a, since the bypass opening and closing valve 65a may be
opened or closed. The dead port between the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve 13a and the bypass opening and closing valve 65a is connected to the low pressure
gas refrigerant side. Thus, the refrigerant is not condensed in the dead port, or
does not accumulate in the four-way valve. Further, a bypass between high and low
pressures is not formed. The low pressure gas refrigerant which is fed to the heat
exchanger four-way valve 16a is fed to the compressor, and is compressed again.
[0059] Finally, the case of performing an operation of mainly carrying out cooling in which
the outdoor 10a, and the indoors 40a and 40b perform a cooling operation while the
indoor 40c performs a heating operation will be described. In Fig. 3, the high or
low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is in the connected state shown by the broken
line, and the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is in the connected state shown by
the solid line. In the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a, connection
is in the direction in which the high or low pressure gas pipe 34 is connected to
the high pressure port, and in the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a, connection is
in the direction in which the outdoor heat exchanger 14a is connected to the high
pressure port. Here, the low pressure side of the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve 13a is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a via the bypass opening and
closing valve 65a. The low pressure side of the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a
is connected to the high or low pressure gas gate valve 32a side via the bypass opening
and closing valve 66a. The bypass opening and closing valves 65a and 66a are both
closed.
[0060] As the flow of the refrigerant around the four-way valve, the high pressure gas refrigerant
compressed in the compressor 11a is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way
valve 13a and the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a. The high pressure gas refrigerant
which is fed to the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a is fed to the
high or low pressure gas pipe 34, and the high pressure gas refrigerant which is fed
to the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a is fed to the outdoor heat exchanger 14a.
Here, high pressure is exerted on the bypass opening and closing valve 65a, but since
the bypass opening and closing valve 65a is closed, the refrigerant is not fed to
the high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and the compressor intake piping
23a. Similarly, high pressure is also exerted on the bypass opening and closing valve
66a, but since the bypass opening and closing valve 66a is closed, the refrigerant
is not fed to the heat exchanger four-way valve 16a and the compressor intake piping
23a. Further, the pressure between the respective opening and closing valves and the
high or low pressure gas pipe four-way valve 13a and the heat exchanger four-way valve
16a via the respective dead ports are drawn to low pressure. Therefore, the refrigerant
is not condensed to accumulate in the four-way valves. Further, a bypass between high
and low pressures is not formed.
1. An air conditioner comprising: an indoor (40a, 40b, 40c) including an indoor heat
exchanger (41a, 41b, 41c), an outdoor (10a) including an outdoor heat exchanger (14a)
and a compressor (11a) for compressing a refrigerant, a liquid pipe (30) through which
the refrigerant liquefied by one of the outdoor heat exchanger (14a) and the indoor
heat exchanger (41a, 41b, 41c) is enabled to flow from the one of the outdoor heat
exchanger (14a) and the indoor heat exchanger (41a, 41b, 41c) to the other one of
the outdoor heat exchanger (14a) and the indoor heat exchanger (41a, 41b, 41c), and
a high or low pressure gas pipe (34) through which the refrigerant is enabled to flow
between the compressor (11a) and the indoor heat exchanger (41a, 41b, 41c) while being
prevented from passing through the outdoor heat exchanger (14a),
characterized in that the outdoor (10a) further includes:
a first four-way valve (16a) including a first high pressure port through which the
compressed refrigerant is enabled to be taken from the compressor (11a) into the first
four-way valve (16a), a first low pressure port through which the refrigerant is enabled
to be taken from the first four-way valve (16a) into the compressor (11a), a heat
exchanger port through which the refrigerant is enabled to flow between the outdoor
heat exchanger (14a) and the compressor (11a), and a first dead port fluidly connected
to the first high pressure port when the refrigerant flows from the heat exchanger
port to the first low pressure port and fluidly connected to the first low pressure
port when the refrigerant flows from the first high pressure port to the heat exchanger
port,
a second four-way valve (13a) including a second high pressure port through which
the compressed refrigerant is enabled to be taken from the compressor (11a) into the
second four-way valve (13a), a second low pressure port through which the refrigerant
is enabled to be taken from the second four-way valve (13a) into the compressor (11a),
a high or low pressure gas pipe port through which the refrigerant is enabled to flow
between the high or low pressure gas pipe (34) and the compressor (11a), and a second
dead port fluidly connected to the second high pressure port when the refrigerant
flows from the high or low pressure gas pipe port to the second low pressure port
and fluidly connected to the second low pressure port when the refrigerant flows from
the second high pressure port to the high or low pressure gas pipe port,
a first capillary tube (61a) allowing a fluidal flow between the second dead port
and the refrigerant between the heat exchanger port and the outdoor heat exchanger
(14a), and
a second capillary tube (62a) allowing a fluidal flow between the first dead port
and the high or low pressure gas pipe (34).
2. The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein during a cooling operation of the
air conditioner, the refrigerant flows from the second dead port to the outdoor heat
exchanger (14a) through the first capillary tube (61a), and the refrigerant flows
from the high or low pressure gas pipe (34) through the first capillary (62a) and
the first dead port to be taken into the compressor (11a).
3. The air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein during a heating operation
of the air conditioner, the refrigerant flows from the first dead port through the
second capillary tube (62a) into the high or low pressure gas pipe (34), and the refrigerant
flows from the outdoor heat exchanger (14a) through the second dead port and the first
capillary (61a) to be taken into the compressor (11a).
4. An air conditioner comprising: an indoor (40a, 40b, 40c) including an indoor heat
exchanger (41a, 41b, 41c), an outdoor (10a) including an outdoor heat exchanger (14a)
and a compressor (11a) for compressing a refrigerant, a liquid pipe (30) through which
the refrigerant liquefied by one of the outdoor heat exchanger (14a) and the indoor
heat exchanger (41a, 41b, 41c) is enabled to flow from the one of the outdoor heat
exchanger (14a) and the indoor heat exchanger (41a, 41b, 41c) to the other one of
the outdoor heat exchanger (14a) and the indoor heat exchanger (41a, 41b, 41c), and
a high or low pressure gas pipe (34) through which the refrigerant is enabled to flow
between the compressor (11a) and the indoor heat exchanger (41a, 41b, 41c) while being
prevented from passing through the outdoor heat exchanger (14a),
characterized in that the outdoor (10a) further includes:
a first four-way valve (16a) including a first high pressure port through which the
compressed refrigerant is enabled to be taken from the compressor (11a) into the first
four-way valve (16a), a first low pressure port through which the refrigerant is enabled
to be taken from the first four-way valve (16a) into the compressor (11a), a heat
exchanger port through which the refrigerant is enabled to flow between the outdoor
heat exchanger (14a) and the compressor (11a), and a first dead port fluidly connected
to the first high pressure port when the refrigerant flows from the heat exchanger
port to the first low pressure port and fluidly connected to the first low pressure
port when the refrigerant flows from the first high pressure port to the heat exchanger
port,
a second four-way valve (13a) including a second high pressure port through which
the compressed refrigerant is enabled to be taken from the compressor (11a) into the
second four-way valve (13a), a second low pressure port through which the refrigerant
is enabled to be taken from the second four-way valve (13a) into the compressor (11a),
a high or low pressure gas pipe port through which the refrigerant is enabled to flow
between the high or low pressure gas pipe (34) and the compressor (11a), and a second
dead port fluidly connected to the second high pressure port when the refrigerant
flows from the high or low pressure gas pipe port to the second low pressure port
and fluidly connected to the second low pressure port when the refrigerant flows from
the second high pressure port to the high or low pressure gas pipe port,
a first bypass valve (63a) allowing a fluidal flow between the second dead port and
the refrigerant between the heat exchanger port and the outdoor heat exchanger (14a),
and
a second bypass valve (64a) allowing a fluidal flow between the first dead port and
the high or low pressure gas pipe (34).
5. The air conditioner according to claim 4, wherein the first bypass valve is a check
valve (63a) allowing the refrigerant to flow from the second dead port to the outdoor
heat exchanger (14a), and the second bypass valve is a check valve (64a) allowing
the refrigerant to flow from the first dead port to the high or low pressure gas pipe
(34).
6. The air conditioner according to claim 4 or 5, wherein during a cooling operation
of the air conditioner, the refrigerant flows from the second dead port to the outdoor
heat exchanger (14a) through the first bypass valve (63a, 65a).
7. The air conditioner according to any one of claims 4-6, wherein during a heating operation
of the air conditioner, the refrigerant flows from the first dead port to the high
or low pressure gas pipe (34) through the second bypass valve (64a, 66a).
8. The air conditioner according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the first bypass
valve (65a) and the second bypass valve (66a) is opened when the compressed refrigerant
is supplied from the compressor (11a) to at least one of the first and second dead
ports corresponding to the at least one of the first bypass valve (65a) and the second
bypass valve (66a), and both of the first bypass valve (65a) and the second bypass
valve (66a) are closed when the first and second dead ports fluidly communicate with
the first and second low pressure ports respectively.
1. Klimaanlage umfassend: einen Innenbereich (40a, 40b, 40c) einschließend einen Innenbereichswärmetauscher
(41a, 41b, 41c), einen Außenbereich (10a) einschließend einen Außenbereichswärmetauscher
(14a) und einen Kompressor (11a) zum Komprimieren eines Kühlmittels, ein Flüssigkeitsrohr
(30), durch das das von einem des Außenbereichswärmetauschers (14a) und des Innenbereichswärmetauschers
(41a, 41b, 41c) verflüssigte Kühlmittel von einem des Außenbereichswärmetauschers
(14a) und des Innenbereichswärmetauschers (41a, 41b, 41c) zu dem anderen des Außenbereichswärmetauschers
(14a) und des Innenbereichswärmetauschers (41a, 41b, 41c) fließen kann, und ein Hoch-
oder Niedrigdruckgasrohr (34), durch das das Kühlmittel zwischen dem Kompressor (11a)
und dem Innenbereichswärmetauscher (41a, 41b, 41c) fließen kann, während es daran
gehindert ist, durch den Außenbereichswärmetauscher (14a) hindurchzutreten,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Außenbereich (10a) weiterhin einschließt:
ein erstes Vierwegeventil (16a) einschließend einen ersten Hochdruckanschluss, durch
den das komprimierte Kühlmittel von dem Kompressor (11a) in das erste Vierwegeventil
(16a) aufgenommen werden kann, einen ersten Niedrigdruckanschluss, durch den das Kühlmittel
von dem ersten Vierwegeventil (16a) in den Kompressor (11a) aufgenommen werden kann,
einen Wärmetauscheranschluss, durch den das Kühlmittel zwischen dem Außenbereichswärmtauscher
(14a) und dem Kompressor (11a) fließen kann, und einen ersten Totanschluss, der fluid
mit dem ersten Hochdruckanschluss verbunden ist, wenn das Kühlmittel von dem Wärmetauscheranschluss
zu dem ersten Niedrigdruckanschluss fließt, und der fluid mit dem ersten Niedrigdruckanschluss
verbunden ist, wenn das Kühlmittel von dem ersten Hochdruckanschluss zu dem Wärmetauscheranschluss
fließt,
ein zweites Vierwegeventil (13a) einschließend einen zweiten Hochdruckanschluss, durch
den das komprimierte Kühlmittel von dem Kompressor (11a) in das zweite Vierwegeventil
(13a) aufgenommen werden kann, einen zweiten Niedrigdruckanschluss, durch den das
Kühlmittel von dem zweiten Vierwegeventil (13a) in den Kompressor (11a) aufgenommen
werden kann, ein Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasrohr, durch das das Kühlmittel zwischen
dem Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasrohr (34) und dem Kompressor (11a) fließen kann, und
einen zweiten Totanschluss, der fluid mit dem zweiten Hochdruckanschluss verbunden
ist, wenn das Kühlmittel von dem Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasrohranschluss zu dem zweiten
Niedrigdruckanschluss fließt, und fluid mit dem zweiten Niedrigdruckanschluss verbunden
ist, wenn das Kühlmittel von dem zweiten Hochdruckanschluss zu dem Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasanschluss
fließt,
ein erstes Kapillarrohr (61a), das einen Fluidstrom zwischen dem zweiten Totanschluss
und dem Kühlmittel zwischen dem Wärmetauscheranschluss und dem Außenbereichswärmetauscher
(14a) ermöglicht, und
eine zweites Kapillarrohr (62a), das einen Fluidstrom zwischen dem ersten Totanschluss
und dem Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasrohr (34) ermöglicht.
2. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 1, wobei während eines Kühlbetriebs der Klimaanlage das
Kühlmittel von dem zweiten Totanschluss zu dem Außenbereichswärmetauscher (14a) durch
das erste Kapillarrohr (61) fließt und das Kühlmittel von dem Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasrohr
(34) durch das erste Kapillarrohr (62a) und den zweiten Totanschluss fließt, um in
den Kompressor (11a) genommen zu werden.
3. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei während eines Heizbetriebs der Klimaanlage
das Kühlmittel von dem ersten Totanschluss durch das zweite Kapillarrohr (62a) in
das Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasrohr (34) fließt und das Kühlmittel von dem Außenbereichswärmetauscher
(14a) durch den zweiten Totanschluss und das erste Kapillarrohr (61a) fließt, um in
den Kompressor (11a) aufgenommen zu werden.
4. Klimaanlage umfassend : einen Innenbereich (40a, 40b, 40c) einschließend einen Innenbereichswärmetauscher
(41a, 41b, 41c), einen Außenbereich (10a) einschließend einen Außenbereichswärmetauscher
(14a) und einen Kompressor (11a) zum Komprimieren eines Kühlmittels, ein Flüssigkeitsrohr
(30), durch das das von einem des Außenbereichswärmetauschers (14a) und des Innenbereichswärmetauschers
(41a, 41b, 41c) verflüssigte Kühlmittel von einem des Außenbereichswärmetauschers
(14a) und des Innenbereichswärmetauschers (41a, 41b, 41c) zu dem anderen des Außenbereichswärmetauschers
(14a) und des Innenbereichswärmetauschers (41a, 41b, 41c) fließen kann, und ein Hoch-
oder Niedrigdruckgasrohr (34), durch das das Kühlmittel zwischen dem Kompressor (11a)
und dem Innenbereichswärmetauscher (41a, 41b, 41c) fließen kann, während es daran
gehindert ist, durch den Außenbereichswärmetauscher (14a) hindurchzutreten,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Außenbereich (10a) weiterhin einschließt:
ein erstes Vierwegeventil (16a) einschließend einen ersten Hochdruckanschluss, durch
den das komprimierte Kühlmittel von dem Kompressor (11a) in das erste Vierwegeventil
(16a) aufgenommen werden kann, einen ersten Niedrigdruckanschluss, durch den das Kühlmittel
von dem ersten Vierwegeventil (16a) in den Kompressor (11a) aufgenommen werden kann,
einen Wärmetauscheranschluss, durch den das Kühlmittel zwischen dem Außenbereichswärmtauscher
(14a) und dem Kompressor (11a) fließen kann, und einen ersten Totanschluss, der fluid
mit dem ersten Hochdruckanschluss verbunden ist, wenn das Kühlmittel von dem Wärmetauscheranschluss
zu dem ersten Niedrigdruckanschluss fließt, und der fluid mit dem ersten Niedrigdruckanschluss
verbunden ist, wenn das Kühlmittel von dem ersten Hochdruckanschluss zu dem Wärmetauscheranschluss
fließt,
ein zweites Vierwegeventil (13a) einschließend einen zweiten Hochdruckanschluss, durch
den das komprimierte Kühlmittel von dem Kompressor (11a) in das zweite Vierwegeventil
(13a) aufgenommen werden kann, einen zweiten Niedrigdruckanschluss, durch den das
Kühlmittel von dem zweiten Vierwegeventil (13a) in den Kompressor (11a) aufgenommen
werden kann, ein Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasrohr, durch das das Kühlmittel zwischen
dem Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasrohr (34) und dem Kompressor (11a) fließen kann, und
einen zweiten Totanschluss, der fluid mit dem zweiten Hochdruckanschluss verbunden
ist, wenn das Kühlmittel von dem Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasrohranschluss zu dem zweiten
Niedrigdruckanschluss fließt, und fluid mit dem zweiten Niedrigdruckanschluss verbunden
ist, wenn das Kühlmittel von dem zweiten Hochdruckanschluss zu dem Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasanschluss
fließt,
ein erstes Umgehungsventil (63a), das einen Fluidstrom zwischen dem zweiten Totanschluss
und dem Kühlmittel zwischen dem Wärmetauscheranschluss und dem Außenbereichswärmeaustauscher
(14a) ermöglicht, und
ein zweites Umgehungsventil (64a), das einen Fluidstrom zwischen dem ersten Totanschluss
und dem Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasrohr (34) ermöglicht.
5. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 4, wobei das erste Umgehungsventil ein Rückschlagventil
(63a) ist, das es dem Kühlmittel ermöglicht, von dem zweiten Totanschluss zu dem Außenbereichswärmetauscher
(14a) zu fließen, und das zweite Umgehungsventil ein Rückschlagventil (64a) ist, das
es dem Kühlmittel erlaubt, von dem ersten Totanschluss zu dem Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasrohr
(34) zu fließen.
6. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei während des Kühlbetriebs der Klimaanlage
das Kühlmittel von dem zweiten Totanschluss zu dem Außenbereichswärmetauscher (14a)
durch das erste Umgehungsventil (63a, 65a) fließt.
7. Klimaanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 4-6, wobei während eines Heizbetriebs der Klimaanlage
das Kühlmittel von dem ersten Totanschluss zu dem Hoch- oder Niedrigdruckgasrohr (34)
durch das zweite Umgehungsventil (64a, 66a) fließt.
8. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 4, wobei mindestens eines von dem ersten Umgehungsventil
(65a) und dem zweiten Umgehungsventil (66a) geöffnet ist, wenn das komprimierte Kühlmittel
von dem Kompressor (11a) an mindestens eines von dem ersten Umgehungsventil (65a)
und dem zweiten Umgehungsventil (66a) geliefert wird, und sowohl das erste Umgehungsventil
als auch das zweite Umgehungsventil (66a) geschlossen sind, wenn der erste und der
zweite Totanschluss mit dem ersten bzw. dem zweiten Niedrigdruckanschluss in fluider
Verbindung steht.
1. Climatiseur comprenant : une unité intérieure (40a, 40b, 40c) incluant un échangeur
de chaleur intérieur (41a, 41b, 41c), une unité extérieure (10a) incluant un échangeur
de chaleur extérieur (14a) et un compresseur (11a) pour compresser un réfrigérant,
un tuyau de liquide (30) à travers lequel le réfrigérant liquéfié par un de l'échangeur
de chaleur extérieur (14a) et de l'échangeur de chaleur intérieur (41a, 41b, 41c)
peut s'écouler d'un de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (14a) et de l'échangeur de
chaleur intérieur (41a, 41b, 41c) jusqu'à l'autre de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur
(14a) et de l'échangeur de chaleur intérieur (41a, 41b, 41c), et un tuyau de gaz haute
ou basse pression (34) à travers lequel le réfrigérant peut s'écouler entre le compresseur
(11a) et l'échangeur de chaleur intérieur (41a, 41b, 41c) tout en étant empêché de
passer par l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (14a),
caractérisé en ce que l'unité extérieure (10a) inclut en outre :
une première vanne quatre voies (16a) incluant un premier orifice haute pression à
travers lequel le réfrigérant compressé peut être amené du compresseur (11a) jusque
dans la première vanne quatre voies (16a), un premier orifice basse pression à travers
lequel le réfrigérant peut être amené de la première vanne quatre voies (16a) jusque
dans le compresseur (11a), un orifice d'échangeur de chaleur à travers lequel le réfrigérant
peut s'écouler entre l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (14a) et le compresseur (11a),
et un premier orifice borgne fluidiquement connecté avec le premier orifice haute
pression lorsque le réfrigérant s'écoule de l'orifice d'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'au
premier orifice basse pression et fluidiquement connecté avec le premier orifice basse
pression lorsque le réfrigérant s'écoule du premier orifice haute pression jusqu'à
l'orifice d'échangeur de chaleur,
une deuxième vanne quatre voies (13a) incluant un deuxième orifice haute pression
à travers lequel le réfrigérant compressé peut être amené du compresseur (11a) jusque
dans la deuxième vanne quatre voies (13a), un deuxième orifice basse pression à travers
lequel le réfrigérant peut être amené de la deuxième vanne quatre voies (13a) jusque
dans le compresseur (11a), un orifice pour tuyau de gaz haute ou basse pression à
travers lequel le réfrigérant peut s'écouler entre le tuyau de gaz haute ou basse
pression (34) et le compresseur (11a), et un deuxième orifice borgne fluidiquement
connecté au deuxième orifice haute pression lorsque le réfrigérant s'écoule de l'orifice
pour tuyau de gaz haute ou basse pression jusqu'au deuxième orifice basse pression
et fluidiquement connecté au deuxième orifice basse pression lorsque le réfrigérant
s'écoule du deuxième orifice haute pression jusqu'à l'orifice pour tuyau de gaz haute
ou basse pression,
un premier tube capillaire (61a) permettant un écoulement fluidique entre le deuxième
orifice borgne et le réfrigérant entre l'orifice d'échangeur de chaleur et l'échangeur
de chaleur extérieur (14a), et
un deuxième tube capillaire (62a) permettant un écoulement fluidique entre le premier
orifice borgne et le tuyau de gaz haute ou basse pression (34).
2. Climatiseur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, lors d'une opération de refroidissement
du climatiseur, le réfrigérant s'écoule du deuxième orifice borgne jusqu'à l'échangeur
de chaleur extérieur (14a) à travers le premier tube capillaire (61a), et le réfrigérant
s'écoule du tuyau de gaz haute ou basse pression (34) au premier capillaire (62a)
et le premier orifice borgne pour être amené dans le compresseur (11a).
3. Climatiseur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel, lors d'une opération de chauffage
du climatiseur, le réfrigérant s'écoule du premier orifice borgne à travers le deuxième
tube capillaire (62a) jusque dans le tuyau de gaz haute ou basse pression (34), et
le réfrigérant s'écoule de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (14a) à travers le deuxième
orifice borgne et le premier capillaire (61a) pour être amené dans le compresseur
(11a).
4. Climatiseur comprenant : une unité intérieure (40a, 40b, 40c) incluant un échangeur
de chaleur intérieur (41a, 41b, 41c), une unité extérieure (10a) incluant un échangeur
de chaleur extérieur (14a) et un compresseur (11a) pour compresser un réfrigérant,
un tuyau de liquide (30) à travers lequel le réfrigérant liquéfié par un de l'échangeur
de chaleur extérieur (14a) et de l'échangeur de chaleur intérieur (41a, 41b, 41c)
peut s'écouler d'un de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (14a) et de l'échangeur de
chaleur intérieur (41a, 41b, 41c) jusqu'à l'autre de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur
(14a) et de l'échangeur de chaleur intérieur (41a, 41b, 41c), et un tuyau de gaz haute
ou basse pression (34) à travers lequel le réfrigérant peut s'écouler entre le compresseur
(11a) et l'échangeur de chaleur intérieur (41a, 41b, 41c) tout en étant empêché de
passer par l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (14a),
caractérisé en ce que l'unité extérieure (10a) inclut en outre :
une première vanne quatre voies (16a) incluant un premier orifice haute pression à
travers lequel le réfrigérant compressé peut être amené du compresseur (11a) jusque
dans la première vanne quatre voies (16a), un premier orifice basse pression à travers
lequel le réfrigérant peut être amené de la première vanne quatre voies (16a) jusque
dans le compresseur (11a), un orifice d'échangeur de chaleur à travers lequel le réfrigérant
peut s'écouler entre l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (14a) et le compresseur (11a),
et un premier orifice borgne fluidiquement connecté avec le premier orifice haute
pression lorsque le réfrigérant s'écoule de l'orifice d'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'au
premier orifice basse pression et fluidiquement connecté avec le premier orifice basse
pression lorsque le réfrigérant s'écoule du premier orifice haute pression jusqu'à
l'orifice d'échangeur de chaleur,
une deuxième vanne quatre voies (13a) incluant un deuxième orifice haute pression
à travers lequel le réfrigérant compressé peut être amené du compresseur (11a) jusque
dans la deuxième vanne quatre voies (13a), un deuxième orifice basse pression à travers
lequel le réfrigérant peut être amené de la deuxième vanne quatre voies (13a) jusque
dans le compresseur (11a), un orifice pour tuyau de gaz haute ou basse pression à
travers lequel le réfrigérant peut s'écouler entre le tuyau de gaz haute ou basse
pression (34) et le compresseur (11a), et un deuxième orifice borgne fluidiquement
connecté au deuxième orifice haute pression lorsque le réfrigérant s'écoule de l'orifice
pour tuyau de gaz haute ou basse pression jusqu'au deuxième orifice basse pression
et fluidiquement connecté au deuxième orifice basse pression lorsque le réfrigérant
s'écoule du deuxième orifice haute pression jusqu'à l'orifice pour tuyau de gaz haute
ou basse pression,
une première vanne de dérivation (63a) permettant un écoulement fluidique entre le
deuxième orifice borgne et le réfrigérant entre l'orifice d'échangeur de chaleur et
l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (14a), et
une deuxième vanne de dérivation (64a) permettant un écoulement fluidique entre le
premier orifice borgne et le tuyau de gaz haute ou basse pression (34).
5. Climatiseur selon la revendication 4, dans lequel la première vanne de dérivation
est une vanne anti-retour (63a) permettant que le réfrigérant s'écoule du deuxième
orifice borgne jusqu'à l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (14a), et la deuxième vanne
de dérivation est une vanne anti-retour (64a) permettant que le réfrigérant s'écoule
du premier orifice borgne jusqu'au tuyau de gaz haute ou basse pression (34).
6. Climatiseur selon la revendication 4 ou 5, dans lequel, lors d'une opération de refroidissement
du climatiseur, le réfrigérant s'écoule du deuxième orifice borgne jusqu'à l'échangeur
de chaleur extérieur (14a) à travers la première vanne de dérivation (63a, 65a).
7. Climatiseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4-6, dans lequel, lors d'une
opération de chauffage du climatiseur, le réfrigérant s'écoule du premier orifice
borgne jusque dans le tuyau de gaz haute ou basse pression (34) à travers la deuxième
vanne de dérivation (64a, 66a).
8. Climatiseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4, dans lequel au moins une
de la première vanne de dérivation (65a) et de la deuxième vanne de dérivation (66a)
est ouverte lorsque le réfrigérant compressé est envoyé du compresseur (11a) jusqu'à
au moins un des premier et deuxième orifices borgnes correspondant à l'au moins une
de la première vanne de dérivation (65a) et de la deuxième vanne de dérivation (66a),
et les deux de la première vanne de dérivation (65a) et de la deuxième vanne de dérivation
(66a) sont fermées lorsque les premier et deuxième orifices borgnes communiquent avec
les premier et deuxième orifices basse pression respectivement.