Background of the Invention
Field of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to an exercise apparatus and, more particularly, to
an adjustable exercise apparatus and bench that allows for variable amounts of resistances
to be applied using weight resistance (e.g., iron plates), pneumatic resistance, or
both weight and pneumatic resistances.
Description of the Related Art
[0002] Weight lifting for exercise and strength training commonly involves lifting iron
weights. Typically, the weights are fixed to a bar (e.g., a barbell), are freely added
to or removed from a weight bar (e.g., as with free weights), or are part of a weight
stack in which the number of weight plates resisting movement of a handle or a bar
can be varied. Examples of weight stack machines are disclosed in
U.S. Patent Nos. 6,447,430,
5,776,040, and
4,500,089. When users lift iron weights, the weights provide resistance to the exertion of
muscular force. The resistance experienced by the user changes, however, depending
upon the speed at which the concentric or eccentric movement of the weight occurs.
For example, at the top of a concentric movement, the resistance often decreases as
the weight lifter decelerates the weight.
[0003] Pneumatic exercise equipment has been developed in response to this shortcoming of
weights. Such exercise equipment simulates the desired characteristics of a weight
stack machine by permitting the weight lifter to quickly and easily increase or decrease
the resistance. Moreover, pneumatic exercise equipment also provides a constant resistance
because such machines do not have significant inertial effects. Consequently, pneumatic
exercise equipment ensures full muscular effort throughout the stroke.
[0004] Pneumatic exercise equipment is typically configured similarly to weight stack equipment
and therefore does not require, like free weights would, that the user balance the
weight during each exercise repetition. Free weights also provide the user with greater
freedom of movement than typical pneumatic exercise equipment, which requires the
user to move a bar or handle along a predefined path. Accordingly, for many weight
lifters, pneumatic exercise equipment does not provide the feel to which they are
accustomed.
[0005] Moreover, when lifting weights, a bench is typically relied upon to place the user
in a desired position relative to the weight. The bench typically comprises a backrest
portion coupled to a seat portion. A frame is often used in conjunction with the bench
to support one or more weight bars for resistance training. Such weight bars frequently
receive free weights, which may provide variable levels of resistance. Other types
of resistance may also be used, as will be described in further detail below.
[0006] When the frame supports a source of resistance, such as a weight bar, changing exercises
typically requires that the bench be changed from one configuration to another configuration.
For example, in order to change from a flat bench press to a military press, the bench
must be changed from a generally flat configuration to a suitably inclined configuration.
One drawback of a typical bench is that, as the bench is inclined, the backrest portion
becomes horizontally displaced relative to the weight bar. This effectively positions
a user's chest and shoulders farther away from the weight bar. As a result, the user
must shift the bench horizontally relative to the frame in order to maintain the chest
and shoulders in an optimal position below the weight bar.
[0007] There is a need, therefore, for a pneumatic exercise apparatus that provides a range
and feel of movement similar to that obtained using free weights, and for an adjustable
bench for use in conjunction with or independently of the pneumatic exercise apparatus,
wherein the inclination of the bench can be changed without the bench having to be
moved horizontally relative to a frame.
[0008] An exercise apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1 is for instance disclosed
in
US patent 5,653,666. This patent publication discloses a negative resistance weight lifting apparatus
suitable for use with a weight in form of a separate barbell in which means under
the direct control of the user controllably produces a negative resistance effect
by pressing down with an adjustable force on the weight as it is being lowered and
preferably positively disengaging itself from the weight when the later is being lifted.
[0009] The known device allows the user very little freedom to take a desired position relative
to the weight.
[0010] A freeweight lifting exercise machine is for instance known from
US patent 5,823,921. This freeweight lifting exercise machine has a barbell connected to a cable system
operated by pneumatic motor supported below a lifting bench. An electro-pneumatic
control system operated by a weight lifter using the machine controls the pneumatic
the motor to apply an exponentially variable lifting force to the cable in response
to linear movement of a foot pedal to replicate the function of a "spotter". The position
of the barbell relative to the position of the user of the lifting bench is relatively
fix so that the user may not vary his/her position during the exercises.
[0011] Another exercising device is for instance known from
US 4,750,739. This exercising device is however not a freeweight exercise machine.
[0013] It is an object of the present invention to provide an exercise apparatus using weight
and pneumatic resistances where the user may take various positions during the exercises
and relative to the pneumatic resistance device.
[0014] According to the invention, this and other objects are achieved by the features of
claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are covered by the dependent claims.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0015] The shown embodiments are intended to illustrate, but not to limit the invention.
The drawings contain the following figures:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an exercise apparatus configured in accordance with
a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the exercise apparatus of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an enlarged side elevational view of a track assembly of the exercise
apparatus of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a further enlarged side elevational view of a section of track and a trolley
of the track assembly of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a front elevational view of a pneumatic resistance unit of the exercise
apparatus of Figure 1; a front cover panel of the pneumatic resistance unit has been
removed to expose the internal components of the pneumatic resistance unit.
Figure 5A is an enlarged side elevational view of a pulley block in the pneumatic
resistance unit of Figure 5.
Figure 6 is an enlarged view of one side of a weight-lifting bar used with the exercise
apparatus of Figure 1 and illustrates a coupling between the pneumatic resistance
unit of the exercise apparatus and the weight-lifting bar.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of the coupling with a portion of a body of the coupling
removed to illustrate the internal components of the coupling.
Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a cable path through the pneumatic resistance unit,
the track assembly and the coupler.
Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic and electrical circuits of the exercise
apparatus of Figure 1.
Figure 10A is a perspective view as seen from one end of an exercise apparatus, which
is configured in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The illustrated exercise apparatus includes a pneumatic resistance device and a pair
of actuators that can be used to change the resistance level provided by the pneumatic
resistance device.
Figure 10B is a perspective view that illustrates an end of one of the actuators.
Figure 10C is a perspective, close-up view of the exercise apparatus depicted in Figure
10A. In this view, a user's right foot is positioned on an actuator plate of the other
actuator.
Figure 10D is a side perspective view showing a portion of one of the actuators generally.
The Figure depicts a shaft extending from the respective actuator plate and to a point
near a portion of the pneumatic resistance device. As also seen in Figure 10B, the
shaft includes a cam surface that cooperates with a control button when the shaft
rotates with depression of the corresponding actuator plate.
Figure 11 is a perspective view of an adjustable bench configured for use in combination
with the exercising apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 12 is a perspective view of a portion of the adjustable bench of Figure 11,
illustrating a wheel assembly and a rotatable lock assembly;
Figure 13 is a perspective view of a portion of the adjustable bench of Figure 11,
illustrating the bench engaged with an auxiliary rack assembly;
Figure 14 is a side elevational view of a hinged bracket assembly of the adjustable
bench of Figure 11;
Figure 15 is a perspective view of the hinged bracket assembly of Figure 14;
Figure 16 is a side elevational view of the adjustable bench of Figure 11, illustrating
an exemplary use environment wherein the bench is in a flat configuration;
Figure 17 is a side elevational view of the adjustable bench of Figure 11, illustrating
an exemplary use environment wherein the bench is in a first inclined configuration;
Figure 18 is a side elevational view of the adjustable bench of Figure 11, illustrating
an exemplary use environment wherein the bench is in a second inclined configuration;
Figure 19 is a side elevational view of the adjustable bench of Figure 11, illustrating
an exemplary use environment wherein the bench is in a third inclined configuration;
Figure 20 is a side elevational view of the adjustable bench of Figure 11, illustrating
an exemplary use environment wherein the bench is in a fourth inclined configuration;
and
Figure 21 is a side elevational view of the adjustable bench of Figure 11, illustrating
an exemplary use environment wherein the bench is in a fifth inclined configuration.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
[0016] The exercise apparatus 10 illustrated in Figure 1 marries traditional weight training
with pneumatic-resistance training. While the present embodiment illustrates the apparatus
as adapted for use with free-weights, the apparatus can also be used with one or more
weight stacks or other weight-based resistance devices. Alternatively, the exercise
apparatus 10 can be used solely with pneumatic resistance but may facilitate movements
similar to those used with free weights.
[0017] The exercise apparatus 10 includes a frame 12 that can support a weight-lifting bar
14 ("weight bar") and a plurality of free weight plates 16. The frame 12 defines at
least one exercise station (either a half or a full station) and preferably two or
more stations. The embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 includes one full station and
one half station. A user can sit, stand or recline at each station. For example, a
bench can be used in a well known manner with the illustrated exercise apparatus 10,
as shown in Figure 10A. The bench is preferably configured like the adjustable bench
303 described in further detail below with reference to Figures 11-21.
[0018] The exercise apparatus 10 also includes at least one pneumatic resistance unit 18
that cooperates with the weight bar 14. The illustrated embodiment uses two resistance
units 18. A user can selectively attach the pneumatic resistance units 18 to each
side of the weight bar 14, with or without free weight plates 16. The coupler between
each resistance unit 18 and the weight bar 14 (which will be described below) allows
for relatively free movement of the weight bar 14 within or proximate to the frame
12. That is, the coupler does not restrict the user's movement of the weight bar 14
to a particular course of travel. As a result, the user may move the weight through
a variety of paths within the frame, and must balance the weight bar 14 as he or she
would normally do with free weights.
Frame
[0019] With reference now to Figures 1 and 2, the frame 12 preferably comprises a plurality
of vertical supports and cross braces that together preferably form a cage-like structure.
However, alternative configurations are possible, such as a traditional rack-like
structure.
[0020] In the illustrated embodiment, the frame 12 comprises a base subassembly formed by
two base members 20 and two cross members 22. The cross members 22 extend between
the two base members 20 to form a generally rectangular frame structure with portions
of each base member 22 extending beyond the rectangular frame structure at both ends
of the respective base member 20.
[0021] Each base member 20 preferably includes one or more mounting flanges 24 that are
positioned to contact the surface (e.g., floor) that supports the frame 12. The flanges
24 include mounting holes through which a suitable fastener (e.g., a bolt) can pass
to anchor the frame 12 in place.
[0022] In the illustrated embodiment, a mounting platform 26 is also attached to an end
of each base member 20. The mounting platforms 26 preferably lie at the same end of
the frame 12, as seen in Figure 1. Brace structures can be used between the mounting
platforms 26 and the base members 20 to secure them firmly together. As described
below, one of the resistance units 18 is secured to each of the mounting platforms
26 to affix the respective resistance unit 18 to the frame 12.
[0023] Three upright members 28a, 28b, 28c extend upward from each base member 20. At least
one pair of upright members 28a, 28b, 28c includes a series of apertures 30 that extend
over a length of the upright members. The apertures 30 are configured to cooperate
with hooks on bar catches 32. In this manner, the vertical position of the bar catches
32, and thus of the starting position for the weight bar 14, can be changed to accommodate
different size users as well as to be readjusted for different exercises (e.g., moving
from a lower position for bench press to a higher position for squats).
[0024] The upright members 28a, 28b, 28c on each side of the frame 12 terminate at or generally
at a respective cap member 34. Each center upright member 28b is directly connected
to the respective cap member 34, while each end upright member 28a, 28c is connected
to the respective cap member 34 by an angled member 36 that generally lies at a 45°
angle with respect to the upright member 28a, 28c and the cap member 34.
[0025] At least one upper cross member 38 connects the upper ends of two opposing end upright
members, such as upright members 28a in the illustrated embodiment. The upper cross
member 38 preferably is formed by a center section 40 and angled end sections 42.
Each angled section 42 extends upward at about a 45° angle from the respective upright
members 28a.
[0026] The frame 12 can also include safety bars and storage for free weights. In the illustrated
embodiment, the frame includes a pair of safety bars 44 that preferably lie generally
at the same height on either side of the frame 44. Each safety bar 44 extends between
an end upright member 28c and the corresponding center upright member 28b. The ends
of each safety bar 44 preferably are releasably attached to the upright members 28b,
28c, and, more preferably, the safety bars 44 and the upright members 28b. 28c are
configured to provide multiple points of attachment for varying the height of the
safety bars on the frame. Additionally, the safety bars 44 can be reinforced with
external bracing and/or internal structure. In one variation, however, the safety
bars 44 can be affixed (e.g., welded) to the upright members 28b, 28c at a set height.
[0027] Additional upright members 46 may provide locations on the frame 12 to store free
weight plates 16 when not loaded onto the weight bar 14. In the illustrated embodiment,
each upright member 46 rises from one of the base members 20 and is linked to the
adjacent center upright member 28b by a lateral brace 48. Each upright member 46 supports
a plurality of pegs 50 to provide weight storage on each side of the frame 12. Each
peg 50 extends generally horizontally or slightly skewed from the horizontal so as
to slope downward toward the corresponding upright member 46. The length of each peg
50 and the spacing between adjacent pegs 50 are selected to accommodate various size
weight plates 16, as known in the art.
[0028] The frame 12 can also include a hollow, tubular member 51 that is disposed next to
one of the storage upright members 46. The tubular member 51 has a sufficiently sized
inner diameter to receive an end of the weight bar 14 for storage purposes, as known
in the art.
[0029] In one embodiment, the frame has a width of about 50 inches, a height of about 109
inches, a length of about 126 inches, and an inner width of about 43 inches between
the upright members 28a, 28b, 28c. The safety bars 44 are adjustable in 4 inch increments.
[0030] The upright members 28a, 28b, 28c, 46, the base members 20, the safety bars 44 and
the lower and upper cross members 22, 38 are all preferably formed of a suitably rigid
material, such as, for example, cold rolled tube steel having a suitable wall thickness.
These members of the frame 12 preferably are welded together, along with the other
flanges 24, 26, brackets and braces on the frame 12. The entire frame 12 preferably
is painted and more preferably is powder coat painted. Some portions of the frame
can also be coated or overlaid with plastic, foam, rubber guards or shields. Of course,
the illustrated frame configuration is but one example, and the frame can be formed
of other suitable materials, can be assembled using other suitable fasteners, connectors
or methods, and can be finished using other suitable materials and techniques.
Track Assemblies
[0031] With reference to Figures 1 and 3, the exercise apparatus 10 also includes one or
more track assemblies 52 attached to the frame 12. In the illustrated embodiment,
the exercise apparatus 10 includes two track assemblies 52, each of which includes
an elongated, horizontally extending track 54. However, the track can have other orientations
(e.g., inclined) and other shapes (e.g., curved) on the frame depending upon the desired
exercise motion relative to the frame. Each track 54 in the illustrated embodiment
extends parallel to and is supported by one of the base members 20. Each track 54
preferably is located on the frame 12 at a location generally removed from where a
user would stand, sit or recline when using the exercise apparatus 10. In the illustrated
embodiment, the tracks 54 are located on the outer sides of the base members 20.
[0032] Each track assembly 52 also includes a trolley 56 that moves along the track 54.
In some applications, such as in the illustrated embodiment, the trolley 56 can freely
move along the track 54 at all times; however, in other applications, the trolley
56 can be locked or set in a specific location along the track 54.
[0033] As best seen in Figure 4, the trolley 56 in the illustrated embodiment includes three
wheels: one wheel 58 located above the track 54 and two wheels 60 located below the
track 54. Each wheel 58, 60 has a central groove 62 (similar to a pulley) of a generally
constant width. The width of the central groove 62 of each wheel 58, 60 is sufficient
to receive a respective edge (either upper or lower) of the track 54.
[0034] The wheels 58, 60 are interconnected so as to hold the trolley 56 on the track 54
and to prevent the trolley 56 from rocking (i.e., pitching) while rolling along the
track 54. In the illustrated embodiment, each wheel 58, 60 is attached to a side plate
64 to hold the wheels 58, 60 in a generally triangular pattern. That is, the rotational
axis of each wheel 58, 60 as fixed on the plate 64 lies generally at the corners of
a triangle. Preferably, the axis of the upper wheel 58 lies along a line that bisects
the triangular pattern.
[0035] The trolley 56 also includes a pair of pulleys 66 that are disposed above the track
54 and on opposite sides of the upper wheel 58. That is, each pulley 66 is set just
to one side of the upper wheel 58.
[0036] The side plate 64 and a pulley support plate 68 hold the pulleys 66 in their respective
positions. The pulley support plate 68 lies on one side of the track 54 (e.g., the
inner side in the illustrated embodiment), and the side plate 64 lies on the other
side of the track 54 (e.g., the outer side in the illustrated embodiment). The pulleys
66 and the upper wheel 58 are located between the side plate 64 and the pulley support
plate 68.
[0037] As seen in Figure 4, the rotational axes of the wheel 58 and the pulleys 66 are defined
by bolts 70 in the illustrated embodiment that pass through both plates 64, 68. Nuts
72 secure the bolts 70 and the plates 64, 68 together. In the illustrated embodiment,
the axes of the pulleys 66 is slightly raised relative to the axis of upper wheel
58 in order to position the bottom edge of each pulley 66 above the track 54, as noted
above.
[0038] One or more spacers 74 preferably are located between the plates 64, 68 to allow
the upper wheel 58 and the pulleys 66 to rotate freely. For this purpose, each spacer
74 has a length greater than the widths of the upper wheel 58 and the pulleys 66.
The spacers 74 in the illustrated embodiment have a tubular shape and are fitted between
the plates 64, 68.
Resistance Units
[0039] As noted above, the exercise apparatus 10 includes at least one pneumatic resistance
unit (i.e., power module) that allows a user to work against pneumatic resistance,
either in combination with or apart from the weight plates 16. In the illustrated
embodiment, one resistance unit 18 cooperates with each track assembly 52, and each
resistance unit 18 is attached to the frame assembly 12 at the end of the respective
track 54.
[0040] The resistance units 18 in the illustrated embodiment cooperate together in order
to apply the same level of resistance; however, in some applications, the resistance
units 18 can operate independently of each other.
[0041] With reference to the illustrated embodiment of Figures 1, 3, 5, 5A and 6, each pneumatic
resistance unit 18 includes a coupler 76 that couples the resistance unit 18 to the
weight bar 14, an extension mechanism 78 that provides a range of movement to the
coupler 76, a resistance assembly 80 that resists movement of the coupler 76, a coupling
mechanism 82 that couples the resistance assembly 80 to the extension mechanism 78,
and a housing 84. The housing 84 preferably supports and encloses the resistance assembly
80, the coupling mechanism 82, and at least a portion of the extension mechanism 78.
[0042] In the embodiment described herein, as best seen in Figure 6, the coupler 76 takes
the form of a collar 86 that fits onto the weight bar 14. The coupler 76, however,
can take other forms and can serve to couple the resistance unit 18 either to other
types of user interfaces or exercise equipment or directly to a user. For example,
the coupler can be a band (preferably of an adjustable size) that is sized to fit
around a portion of the user's body, e.g., a waistband or an ankle band. The coupler
can also be configured to couple to a bar, a foot pedal, or other lifting equipment.
The coupler thus can be any type of connector that couples to an article or mechanism
that a user acts against or interacts with and that is attached, either directly or
indirectly, to the extension mechanism 78.
[0043] The coupler 76 preferably is moved between two positions during an exercise and can
be moved from one extreme position to another extreme position. In the illustrated
embodiment, the coupler 76 normally resides in a retracted position when detached
from the weight bar 14. When attached, a user can move the weight bar 14, and thus
the coupler 76, from the retracted position to an extended position in which the cable
of extension mechanism 78 is pulled to its farthest position from the housing 84.
The exercise movement can involve movement between any two positions between (and
possibly including) the retracted and extended positions in order to accommodate different
exercises and different size weight lifters.
[0044] In the illustrated embodiment, as seen in Figures 6 and 7, the coupler 76 may also
include a body 88 from which one or more lengths of cable 90a, 90b extend. The purpose
of the different lengths of cable 90a, 90b will be described below. Each length of
cable 90a, 90b includes a loop 92 at its outer end. As best seen in Figure 7, the
two lengths of cable 90a, 90b in the illustrated embodiment are formed from a single
cable. The cable is threaded through an opening in the top of the body 88, around
an internal pin 94 and back out the opening. The two sections of cable are crimped
together at a point near the body 88 so as to define two distinct and different lengths
of cables 90a, 90b that extend from the body 88. The loops 92 on each cable section
end can also be formed by looping the ends of the cable back onto themselves and crimping
them, as illustrated in Figure 7.
[0045] In a preferred embodiment, a first cable section has a length of about 4 inches while
a second cable section has a length of about 20 inches. The shorter length is preferred
when working lower on the apparatus (for example, when bench pressing), while the
longer length is preferred when working higher on the apparatus (for example, when
doing standing military presses). The combination of the longer cable section and
the travel of the extension member preferably equals or exceeds the height within
the frame 12. For example, where the frame has an inner height of 100.5 inches, and
the extension member has an extension of 72 inches, the longer cable section preferably
has a length of 28.5 inches. In this manner, the pneumatic resistance units 18 can
be connected to the weight bar 14 for use at various heights relative to the frame
12.
[0046] The body 88 also supports a pulley 96 that rotates about an axis located below the
pin 94. The body 88 preferably surrounds a sufficient portion of the pulley 96 so
as to prevent a cable of the extension mechanism 78, which is wound through the pulley
96, from disconnecting from the pulley 96 during use.
[0047] The collar 86 of each coupler 76 preferably has a generally cylindrical shape with
a through hole sized to fit over the respective sleeve 14a of the weight bar 14. The
diameter of the through hole preferably matches the diameter of the hole through the
weight plates 16 that are used with the weight bar 14. For example, when used with
Ivonko™ weight bars, the through hole has a diameter of 50 mm.
[0048] The collar 86 may also include a counter-bore on its inner side (i.e., on the side
located closer to the longitudinal middle of the weight bar 14 when the collar 86
is attached thereon). The counter-bore has a diameter slightly larger than the diameter
of a hub 14b on the weight bar 14, as seen in Figure 6. The depth of the counter-bore
preferably is less than the width of the weight bar hub 14b.
[0049] A flange 98 extends from one side of the collar 86 and supports a knob 100 on the
inner side of the collar 86. The knob 100 has a sufficient size to hold one of the
cable sections 90 on the collar 86 when the loop 92 on the outer end of the cable
section 90 is slipped over the knob 100. The relative positions of the flange 98,
the knob 100 and the bottom of the counter-bore preferably are selected to locate
the cable section 90 generally at a longitudinal midpoint of the weight bar hub 14b
and generally over the track assembly 52.
[0050] In order to achieve this arrangement while increasing the overall strength of the
collar 86, the collar 86 may also include an arched section 102 that extends above
the knob 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the arched section 102 extends approximately
180° around an axis of the collar 86 and has a width (as measured along the longitudinal
axis of the weight bar 14) slightly greater than the distance by which the knob 100
protrudes from the flange 98.
[0051] Each coupler 76 thus links the respective extension mechanism 78 to the weight bar
14 when a user slips the collar 86 over the sleeve 14a of the weight bar 14 and attaches
the body 88 to the collar 86 by connecting one of the cable lengths 90a, 90b to the
collar 86. The cable 90a or 90b transfers movement of the weight bar 14 to the body
88, which, in turn, acts on a cable of the extension mechanism 78 that extends from
the housing 84.
[0052] As seen in Figures 1 and 5, the housing 84 is substantially rigid and is defined
by a frame 104 and a cover assembly 106. The frame 104 of the illustrated embodiment,
as best seen in Figure 5, includes an upper cross member 108 and a lower base member
110 that are connected together by a stationary panel 112 of the cover assembly 106.
A removable cover panel 114 (see Figure 1) is disposed on the other side (front side)
of the resistance unit 18. This panel 114 has been removed in Figure 5 to expose the
components of the pneumatic resistance unit 18 that are disposed within the housing
84. A plurality of internal ribs and brackets are attached to the stationary panel
112, upper cross member 108 and lower base member 110 in order to support various
components of the extension mechanism 78, the coupling mechanism 82, and the resistance
assembly 80, as well as any electronic controls for the resistance unit 18. The ribs
not only increase the rigidity of the housing 84 but also include holes through which
a cable of the extension mechanism 78 may pass in order to ensure that the cable maintains
its position within the housing 84. Additionally, as best seen in Figure 5, a cylinder-mounting
bar 116 depends from the upper cross member 108. The cylinder-mounting bar 116 preferably
is disposed at a position slightly offset from a central vertical plane.
[0053] Preferably, the resistance units 18 are generally mirror images of each other. Figure
5 illustrates the arrangement of the components within the housing 84 for the resistance
unit 18 illustrated on the left side of the frame 12, as viewed from the perspective
shown in Figure 1. The layout of the components within the housing of the right-side
resistance unit should be understood to be a mirror image of what is shown in Figure
5, except where noted otherwise.
[0054] Fasteners (not shown) preferably connect the removable cover panel 114 to the stationary
cover 112. The interior of the unit 18 can be readily opened for servicing or inspection
by removing the fasteners and removing the cover panel 114.
[0055] The lower base member 110 of the housing 84 may be attached to the corresponding
mounting platform 26 on the left side of the frame 12. Similarly, the lower base member
of the housing for the right side resistance unit 18 may be attached to the corresponding
mounting platform 26 on the right side of the frame 12. In this manner, the resistance
units 18 can be sold or shipped apart from the frame 12, and subsequently easily and
rigidly affixed to the frame 12. Suitable fasteners or fastening techniques (e.g.,
bolts, welding, etc.) can be used to attach, either permanently or removably, the
resistance units 18 to the frame 14.
[0056] The extension mechanism 78 resides in part within the housing 84 and is extendable
from the housing 84 during an exercise stroke. For this purpose, as seen in Figure
3, a section of cable 118 (a "user cable") of the extension mechanism 78 is threaded
between the pulleys 66 of the trolley 52, which serve as guide members for the cable
118, and about the pulley 96 of the coupler 76. In this manner, the coupler 76 is
connected to the extendable user cable 118.
[0057] As used herein, "cable," means collectively, steel or fiber rope, cord, or the like.
For example, the user cable 118 can be a formed of a synthetic material, such as a
polymer. One suitable example for the user cable is a polyester/nylon blend rope;
however, a coated steel cable can also be used. For example, the user cable may comprise
1/8-inch wire cable with a plastic sheathing, and the pulleys that support the cable
can have a diameter of about five inches. Although any suitable cable and pulley size
can be employed, it is preferable that the associated pulleys have a diameter about
40 times the diameter of the coated-wire cable.
[0058] As best seen in Figure 5, the extension mechanism 76 includes a block-and-tackle
mechanism 120 disposed within the housing 84. The block-and-tackle mechanism 120 includes
an upper pulley block 122 and a lower pulley block 124. In the illustrated embodiment,
the upper pulley block 122 includes two pulleys 125, and the lower pulley block 124
includes two pulleys 126. However, each block 122, 124 can include fewer or more pulleys,
and the number of pulleys on each pulley block can differ according to the application.
In the illustrated embodiment, the lower pulley block 124 constitutes an output member
of the block-and-tackle mechanism 120. Of course, in other embodiments, the upper
pulley block 122 may fill this role instead.
[0059] As seen in Figure 5A, a U-shaped bracket 128 of the lower pulley block 124 preferably
covers the ends of the pulleys 126 of the lower pulley block 124 and extends below
the pulleys 126. The spacing S between the lower portion of the bracket 128 and the
pulleys 126 allows for the free rotation of the pulleys 126, yet inhibits the cable
118 from disconnecting from the pulleys 126.
[0060] In the illustrated embodiment, the lower pulley block 124 also includes a spacer
130 between the two pulleys 126. The two ends of the user cable 118 preferably are
fixed relative the spacer 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the spacer 130 is a
"dead" pulley that lies between the two active pulleys 126 of the lower pulley block
124. Crimps 132 are attached to both ends of the user cable 118. The crimps 132 are
larger than the spacing S between the lower portion of the bracket 128 and the spacer
130 to prevent the ends of the user cable 118 from being pulled through the block-and-tackle
mechanism 120. In one embodiment, one side of the user cable 118 extends from the
spacer 130 upward toward one of the pulleys 125 of the upper pulley block 122, and
the other side of the user cable 118 extends from the spacer 130 upward toward the
other pulley 125 of the upper pulley block 122.
[0061] As seen in Figures 5 and 8, each side of the user cable 118 extends downward from
the respective upper pulley 125 and wraps around a respective lower pulley 126 of
the lower pulley block 124. Each side of the cable 118 then extends upward again to
pass around additional pulleys of the resistance unit 18, as will be described. Accordingly,
as the user pulls the user cable 118 from the housing 84 (i.e., pulls a portion of
the cable 118 toward an extended position), the block-in-tackle mechanism 120 shortens
as the lower pulley block 124 moves upward toward the upper pulley block 122.
[0062] In the present embodiment, the upper pulley block 122 is attached to upper cross
member or bracket 108 of the frame 104.' The lower pulley block 124 is suspended below
the upper pulley block 122 by the user cable 118. The rotational axes of the upper
and lower pulley blocks 126 are preferably skewed relative to each other so that the
cable 118 coming off the pulleys 125 of the upper pulley block 122 will align with
the pulleys 126 of the lower pulley block 124. In the illustrated embodiment, the
rotational axes of the lower pulleys 126 are arranged generally normal to the stationary
cover panel 112, while the rotational axes of the upper pulleys 125 are skewed relative
to the rotational axis of the lower pulleys 126. This arrangement aligns one side
of each upper pulley 125 with the spacer 130 and the other side of each upper pulley
125 with one of the lower pulleys 126.
[0063] As understood from Figures 3, 5 and 8, the user cable 118 engages additional pulleys
as it extends between the pneumatic resistance unit 18 and the trolley 52. Figure
8 schematically illustrates the path of the user cable 118. As noted above, one end
of the cable 118 includes a crimp 132 to effectively fix that end to the lower pulley
block 124. The cable 118 extends up from the lower pulley block 124, around a pulley
125 of the upper pulley block 122 and downward around a pulley 126 of the lower pulley
block 124. The cable 118 then extends upward from the lower pulley block 124, around
a first upper pulley 134 (which is located at the top of the housing 84 as seen in
Figure 5), and then back downward though the housing 84 to a first lower pulley 136.
As seen in Figures 1 and 3, the first lower pulley 136 is supported by the housing
84 and is arranged such that the cable 118 exits the bottom of the housing 84 in a
direction generally parallel to the track 54 (which in the illustrated embodiment
is also normal to the housing stationary panel 112). The first lower pulley 136 is
also preferably arranged such that the user cable 118 extends along a lower side of
the track 54.
[0064] The user cable 118 extends around an end pulley 138 that preferably is located near
an opposite end of the track 54 to position the cable 118 on the upper side of the
track 54. This section of the user cable 118 extends to one of the pulleys 66 of the
trolley 52. From the trolley 52, the cable 118 loops around the coupler pulley 96
and then passes beneath the other trolley pulley 66, as seen in Figure 8. A second
lower pulley 140 guides the user cable 118 back into and upward within the housing
84. (The resistance mechanism 80 hides this section of the cable 118 in Figure 5.)
The user cable 118 passes through the top of the housing 84, around a second upper
pulley 142 and then extends back into the housing 84 to the other pulley 126 of the
lower pulley block 124. After wrapping around the pulley 126, the cable 118 extends
upward, around the other pulley 125 of the upper pulley block 122 and then downward
where it terminates at its other crimped and fixed end on the other side of the spacer
130.
[0065] As illustrated in Figures 5 and 5A, the coupling mechanism 82 in the illustrated
embodiment includes a main cable 144. A first end 146 of the main cable 144 is attached
to the bracket 128 of lower pulley block 124. The second end 148 of the main cable
144 is fixed to the housing 84. The main cable 144 cooperates with the resistance
assembly 80 through the main pulley 166. As the user pulls the coupler 76, the user
cable 118 winds through the pulley blocks 122, 124, lifting the lower pulley block
124 and correspondingly pulling on the main cable 144. Force from the resistance assembly
80 is communicated through the main cable 144 to the lower pulley block 124 and further
to the user cable 118 to resist the coupler's 76 motion.
[0066] In the illustrated embodiment, the block-and-tackle mechanism 120 is arranged with
four pulleys and six lengths of line between the pulleys, and is structured such that
a force pulls on both ends of the cable. As such, the block-and-tackle mechanism provide
generally a 3-to-1 mechanical advantage over any resistance force, and the stroke
length of coupler 76 is about three times the stroke length of the pulley blocks (i.e.,
the distance between the upper and lower pulley blocks 122, 124 when the coupler 76
is in the retracted position). Of course, any pulley assembly can be used to achieve
any desired force reduction or stroke elongation. Indeed, in other applications, it
may be desirable to use a simpler cable assembly to transmit pneumatic resistance
to the coupler 76.
[0067] The resistance assembly 80 of the illustrated embodiment includes a pneumatic actuator
150. In one embodiment, the pneumatic actuator 150 is a linear actuator that includes
a cylinder 152 and a piston rod 154. The cylinder 152 includes a cylinder body and
a piston that slides within the cylinder body. The piston divides the cylinder body
into two variable volume chambers. At least one of the chambers only selectively communicates
with the atmosphere, thereby providing pneumatic resistance. The other chamber may
open to the atmosphere. In other applications, both chambers can be pressurized (e.g.,
be of equal pressure), can selectively communicate with the atmosphere and/or can
communicate with each other. In the illustrated embodiment, however, one of the chambers
communicates with the atmosphere (e.g., the air within the housing) so as not to resist
movement of the piston.
[0068] The piston rod 154 is connected to the piston and extends through one of the variable
volume chambers. The piston rod 154 moves linearly along a stroke axis as the piston
slides within the cylinder bore. The stroke length of the piston rod 154 is sufficient
to provide the desired stroke for the block-and-tackle mechanism 120 (as discussed
above).
[0069] In one embodiment, a cap closes the end of the cylinder body opposite the end through
which the piston rod extends. The cap includes a lug. A pivot pin 156 preferably secures
the lug to the cylinder-mounting bar 116 such that the pneumatic actuator 150 can
pivot within the housing 84 about the pivot pin 156. The pneumatic actuator 150 in
the illustrated embodiment can pivot within a plane that is generally parallel to
the stationary panel 112 of the housing 84. However, in other applications, the cylinder
body can be rigidly fixed within the housing 84 or may pivot about a different axis
or axes. As a naming convention, we may refer to an upper chamber and a lower chamber
of the vertically oriented pneumatic actuator 150. In the illustrated embodiment,
the lower chamber is open to the atmosphere (preferably through a filter), and the
upper chamber is pressurized.
[0070] At least several components of the pneumatic actuator 150 are preferably formed of
a polymer (e.g., plastic) in order to lighten the weight of the resistance unit 18
and to decrease production costs. Such components can include the cylinder body, the
piston and one or more of the end caps of the cylinder.
[0071] The upper chamber preferably communicates with at least one accumulator 158, as seen
in Figure 5. The accumulator 158 is preferably rigidly mounted within the housing
84 at a location next to the cylinder 152. In the illustrated embodiment, the accumulator
158 is mounted on one side of the cylinder 152, and the block-and-tackle mechanism
120 is disposed on the other side of the cylinder 152. An air equalization line 160
connects the accumulator 158 with the cylinder 152 so as to expand the effective volume
of the upper chamber. Thus, the air pressure resisting the piston rod's 154 motion
will not increase as dramatically when the piston is moved.
[0072] The accumulator 158 and the upper chamber also selectively communicate with a source
of pressurized air and/or with the atmosphere. As shown in Figure 9, an air compressor
180, which can be remotely disposed relative to the exercise apparatus, communicates
with the upper chamber or accumulator 158 through an inlet valve 182. As best seen
in Figure 5, a button 162 that actuates the inlet valve 182 is preferably accessible
from the front side of the housing 84 and is marked with appropriate indicia (e.g.,
"+"). Pushing the button 162 increases the air pressure in the charged side of the
cylinder 152, i.e., the upper chamber in the illustrated embodiment. An outlet valve
184 communicates with the charged side of the cylinder 152 to selectively expel air
to the atmosphere in order to decrease the air pressure in the charged side of the
cylinder 152. A button 164 that actuates the outlet valve 184 also is preferably accessible
from the front side of housing 84 and is marked with appropriate indicia (e.g., "-").
A user thus can adjust, i.e., increase or decrease, the air pressure within the resistance
assembly 80 by pressing the appropriate button and thereby operating the appropriate
valves. The control buttons 162, 164 may be included on only one of the resistance
unit housings 84 (e.g., the left resistance housing in the illustrated embodiment),
as described below.
[0073] In another embodiment, illustrated in Figures 10A-10D, a different frame is shown
in combination with many of the features described above. In addition, this embodiment
includes a pair of foot actuators 200, 202, which are preferably attached to corresponding
base members 20, and which provide similar functionality to that provided by the buttons
162, 164, respectively, on the resistance unit housing 84. The foot actuators 200,
202 may each comprise a foot plate 204 coupled to a hinge pin 206. The hinge pin 206
is supported by and rotatable within a hinge support, such that the foot plate 204
and hinge pin 206 can rotate relative to the hinge support and base member 20. A shaft
208 is coupled with (e.g., welded to or integrally formed with) the foot plate 204
and hinge pin 206 and is configured to rotate with them. A bearing block 218 provides
support to the shaft 208, while allowing generally free rotation of said shaft 208.
A lever 210 extends from the shaft 208 generally in a radial direction. An outer end
of the lever 210 is connected to a spring 212. The spring 212 is further coupled to
the resistance unit 18, and the interaction between the spring 212 and lever 210 biases
the foot plate 204 towards an un-depressed position (i.e., an orientation in which
the foot plate 204 lies generally parallel to the ground). While a spring/lever mechanism
is used in the illustrated embodiment to bias the foot actuator toward its un-actuated
position, other biasing devices (e.g., a torsion spring) may also be used. A cam 214
is also attached to the shaft 208 and may rotate into engagement with a button 216,
which is connected to a pneumatic supply and control system (described in further
detail below), to charge or discharge the cylinders 152. The foot actuators can also
be configured differently than shown. For example, the foot actuators 200, 202 can
have different shapes and sizes than the illustrated actuators and can take other
forms, such as, for example, a pair of buttons that are activated by depression, in
a manner similar to the buttons 162, 164.
[0074] In the illustrated embodiment, a hinge pin 206 supported by a hinge support lies
along the base member 20, with the foot plate 204 extending from near the hinge pin
206 towards an interior of the apparatus 10. In an un-depressed position, as shown
in Figure 10A, the foot plate 204 lies generally parallel to the ground, although
the biased or un-depressed position may be different in other embodiments.
[0075] In a preferred embodiment, in order to actuate the foot actuators 200, 202, the foot
plate 204 is rotated about the hinge pin 206 towards the ground. From an exerciser's
point of view, when the right foot plate 204 is depressed, as shown in Figure 10C,
the inlet valve 182 is actuated, and air pressure is added to the charged side of
the cylinder 152. When the left foot plate 204 is depressed (not shown), the outlet
valve 184 is actuated, and air pressure is released from the charged side of the cylinder
152. In one embodiment, the foot actuators 200, 202 are redundant, providing precisely
the same functionality as the buttons 162, 164. In other embodiments, the foot actuators
200, 202 may provide slightly different rates or ranges of charging and discharging
the cylinders, or may be the sole means of adjusting the air pressure on the charged
side of the cylinder 152.
[0076] In a preferred embodiment, the shaft 208 serves to transmit the foot plates' depression
to the button 216, which is located near the housing 84. The shaft 208 is illustrated
as extending generally parallel to the base members 20 along the interior of the apparatus
10. In other embodiments, however, other orientations and locations for the shaft
208 may be chosen. For example, the shaft 208 may run along the top of a base member
20 to prevent a user from accidentally activating one of the valves. The shaft 208
is secured to the apparatus 10 by a bearing block 218. This bearing block 218 provides
support to the shaft 208 and also provides a surface about which the shaft 208 can
rotate relatively freely. Other means of rotatably supporting the shaft, which are
well known to those of skill in the art, can also be used.
[0077] As illustrated in Figure 10C, the shaft 208 is rotated as the foot plate 204 is depressed.
In Figure 10B, a portion of the shaft 208 that lies adjacent the housing 84 is shown
in greater detail. The lever 210 is fixed with respect to the shaft 208, such that
the lever's rotation reflects the rotation of the shaft 208 and in turn the orientation
of the foot plate 204. The lever 210 is biased in the direction of the housing 84
by the spring 212, thus biasing the foot plate 204 into its un-depressed position.
Upon depression of a foot plate 204, this spring force is overcome, and the shaft
208 is rotated such that the lever 210 moves away from the housing 84. As the shaft
208 rotates with the depression of the foot plate 204, the cam 214 on the shaft 214
moves away from the housing 84 into engagement with the button 216. In the preferred
embodiment, shown in Figure 10B with reference to foot actuator 200, the button 216
functions identically to the button 162, such that upon depression the inlet valve
182 is actuated. When the force on the foot plate 204 is removed, the spring force
rotates the shaft 208, and the cam 214 rotates out of engagement with the button 216,
thereby preventing further charging of the cylinders. Although the buttons 216 are
illustrated in positions proximal to the pneumatic resistance units 18, other configurations
and positions are possible. In one embodiment, the button 216 is located farther from
the resistance unit 18 and sends an electronic signal along the base member 20 to
the unit. In other embodiments, other means of transmitting the signal from the foot
plates 204 may be used, including electronic, wireless and other mechanical means
well known to those of skill in the art.
[0078] Although the foot actuators 200, 202 are shown attached to corresponding base members
20, the apparatus 10 may be configured with other actuator locations to facilitate
use by the exerciser. For example, one or multiple hand actuators may be placed near
the bar catches 32 to be within easy reach of a user in an exercise position. Other
configurations are also possible, including use of two foot actuators that lie along
the same base member 20 on one side of the user. In another embodiment, only one foot
actuator may be provided. This foot actuator may duplicate the functionality of both
buttons 162, 164, or of one of the buttons. For example, a single foot actuator could
be used to decrease the air pressure on the charged side of the cylinder 152 in a
manner similar to button 164.
[0079] Returning to a discussion of the internals of the housing 84 illustrated in Figure
5, the coupling mechanism 82 transfers a resistant force from the resistance assembly
80 to the extension mechanism 78 to oppose movement of the coupler 76 on the weight
bar 14 by the user. As noted above, the coupling mechanism 82 includes the main cable
144 that is pivotally fixed at its first end 146 to the lower pulley block 124 and
is rigidly fixed at its second end 148 to the housing 84. For this purpose, the main
cable 144, in the illustrated embodiment, includes a ball swaged onto the first end
146. The ball fits through a keyway slot formed in the lower pulley block 124 and
nests in a receptacle (not shown). The receptacle/ball connection secures the first
end 146 of the main cable 144 to the lower pulley block 124, yet allows the cable
144 to pivot relative to the pulley block 124. Of course, other means of providing
such a pivotal attachment are well known to those of skill in the art.
[0080] The coupling mechanism 82 also includes a main pulley or pulley wheel 166 that preferably
is circular and has a larger diameter than the pulleys of the block-and-tackle mechanism
120. The main pulley 166 is rotatably attached to the end of the piston rod 154 to
permit rotation of the main pulley 166 relative to the piston rod 154. For this purpose,
the main pulley 166 includes a bearing 168, at which a piston rod end couples to the
pulley 166 by a bolt or pivot shaft. A cable channel is disposed about the periphery
of the main pulley 166, and the main cable 144 fits therein.
[0081] With reference to Figure 5, a cable lock notch 170 is disposed along the peripheral
edge of the main pulley 166. In the illustrated embodiment, the cable lock notch 170
is configured at the point that will provide a sufficient amount of the main cable
144 to unwind from the main pulley 166 to accommodate the stroke length of the piston
rod 154. A cable lock member 172 is disposed about the main cable 144 and fits into
the cable lock notch 170. In this manner, the position of the main cable 144 relative
to the main pulley 166 is maintained.
[0082] A guide preferably is provided next to the pulley wheel 166 and is arranged such
that the pulley wheel rides along the guide. In the illustrated embodiment, the guide
is an elongate cable support member 174 that extends inwardly from a first side of
the housing 84, which is farthest from the extension mechanism (e.g., the left side,
as viewed from the front, in the illustrated embodiment). The guide, however, need
not in all applications support the cable 144 or hold the cable 144 within the peripheral
channel of the main pulley 166.
[0083] The cable support member 174 is positioned immediately adjacent the downwardly extending
portion of the main cable 144 attached to the housing 84. The cable support member
174 preferably has a thickness that is about equal to the diameter of the cable 144
and is thin enough to fit at least partially within the peripheral channel of the
main pulley 166. As the main pulley 166 is drawn upwardly, it travels along the cable
144 and the support member 174. The support member 174 thus prevents any substantially
"play" in the coupling mechanism 82 that might otherwise occur and, in fact, helps
hold the main pulley 166 securely in place during operation of the apparatus. Since
the cable 144 generally does not slide relative to the cable support member 174, wear
of the cable 144 and the pulley 166 is substantially lessened.
[0084] With continued reference to Figure 5, a cable cover 176 preferably extends from a
second side of the housing 84. The cable cover 176 principally functions to guide
the pulley wheel 166. In addition, the peripheral edge of the main pulley 166 preferably
fits within the cover 176, so that the cover 176 can help the main pulley 166 remain
properly aligned. However, the cable cover 176 should not contact or support the main
pulley 166 or the main cable 144.
[0085] As understood from Figure 5, a first section of the main cable 144 extends from the
main pulley 166 toward the first cable end 146, and a second section of the main cable
144 extends from the main pulley 166 toward the second cable end 148. In the illustrated
embodiment, each of the first and second cable sections has a generally vertical orientation.
The pneumatic actuator 150 is arranged such that its stroke axis lies generally parallel
to the first section of the main cable 144 when the extension mechanism 78 is in its
retracted position.
[0086] As discussed above, it can be expected that, as the piston moves within the cylinder
152, the resistance force will increase somewhat, although not as dramatically as
it would without the accumulator 158. For some exercises, it is preferred that the
resistance force be maintained at a more constant level throughout the exercise stroke.
As discussed below, the illustrated embodiment further comprises a mechanism for controlling
the resistance force over the stroke of the piston rod 154; however, the pneumatic
resistance unit 18 need not include such a mechanism in all applications.
[0087] To produce a more constant resistance force over the stroke length of the piston
rod 154, the bearing 168 is offset from the center of the main pulley 166. The offset
position causes the block-and-tackle mechanism 120 to gain additional leverage relative
to the pneumatic actuator 150 as the main pulley 166 rotates. As the piston rod 154
is forced into the cylinder 152, the main pulley 166 rotates, thereby moving the bearing
168 away from the side of the main cable 144 that is connected to the block-and-tackle
mechanism 120. The main pulley 166 thus acts as a simple beam with a movable fulcrum.
The increased distance between the point where the block-and-tackle mechanism 120
pulls on the main pulley 166 and the point at which the pneumatic actuator 150 acts
on the main pulley 166 (i.e., the bearing 168) causes the block-and-tackle mechanism
120 to have increased leverage as the piston rod 154 moves upward. Additionally, the
offset position causes the pneumatic actuator 150 to pivot and produce a force vector
that is skewed relative to the direction in which the main pulley 166 is being drawn.
Accordingly, a decreased proportion of the resistance force created in the pneumatic
actuator 150 opposes the movement of the main pulley 166 toward the cylinder 154.
The other force component ineffectively forces the main pulley 166 toward a side of
the housing 84. Thus, the effective force experienced by a user will remain generally
constant throughout the entire stroke of the piston rod 154.
[0088] In the illustrated embodiment, the cylinder 152 is generally vertically oriented
when the stroke begins but pivots toward the first side of the housing 84 as the stroke
progresses. For this purpose, the bearing 168 is initially configured such that a
line L that passes through the center of the main pulley 166 and the bearing 168 lies
generally normal to the stroke axis of the piston rod 154. In the illustrated embodiment,
the line L extends horizontally at the beginning of the stroke. The cylinder 152 preferably
does not cause the main pulley 166 to pull away from the cable support member 174.
[0089] A similar effect may also be achieved by changing the profile of the guide (e.g.,
the cable support member 174) or the shape of the main pulley 166 such that the pneumatic
actuator 150 pivots as the main pulley 166 moves toward the cylinder 150. The result
again is that the block-and-tackle mechanism 120 gains leverage and only a portion
of the resistance force produced by the pneumatic actuator 150 opposes the movement.
It also is understood that this effect can be achieved with gears and like mechanisms
in place of the main pulley and main cable.
[0090] Rather than maintain a constant force, these techniques can also be used either alone
or in combination to produce resistance force curves that increase and decrease throughout
the exercise stroke. For example, when exercising certain muscles or muscle groups,
the resistance force desirably increases toward the middle of the stroke and then
decreases at the end. The initial orientation of the pneumatic actuator, the degree
of offset of the bearing (if any), the initial position of the bearing, the shape
of the main pulley, and/or the profile of the guide can be used to produce the desired
force curve.
[0091] The cable support member 174 is disposed on one side of a vertical plane running
through the center point of the main pulley 166 parallel to the pulley's axis of rotation,
and the point of attachment (e.g., the pivot pin 156) of the pneumatic actuator 150
to the frame 104 is located on the other side of this vertical plane. Additionally,
the bearing 168 is on the same side of the vertical plane as the point of attachment
of the pneumatic cylinder 152 to the frame 104, at least when the extension mechanism
78 is in its retracted position. As may also be understood from the illustrated embodiment,
the stroke axis of the piston rod 154 extends in a direction generally parallel to
the cable support member 174.
[0092] In the illustrated embodiment, the stroke of the pneumatic cylinder piston rod 154
is about 12 inches, and the main pulley 166 has a diameter of about 8 inches. Over
the full stroke of the piston rod 154, about 12 inches of cable 144 unwinds from the
main pulley 166. Thus, with each piston stroke, the lower pulley block 124 moves about
24 inches, or about 2 feet. Since the block-and-tackle mechanism 68 is configured
to increase the stroke length by 3 times, a total cable stroke at the coupler 76 is
about 6 feet. In this manner, a compact, light and reliable resistance unit 18 provides
6 feet of cable travel.
[0093] In a preferred implementation, the main pulley 166 is substantially circular, has
a diameter of about 8 inches, and the bearing/connection point of the main pulley
is disposed 7/8 of an inch off-center. As discussed above, this configuration of the
main pulley 166, combined with the illustrated configuration of the pneumatic resistance
assembly 80, provides a generally constant exercise force (e.g., ± 10%) throughout
the piston rod stroke. It is to be understood that the above dimensions apply only
to the illustrated embodiment, are by way of example only and are not intended to
limit the invention. The principles discussed above can be employed to create any
type of exercise apparatus having any desired stroke length and resistance curves.
[0094] It also is to be understood that in other embodiments it may be desirable to have
a changing force curve over the exercise stroke. Any number of parameters discussed
above can be adjusted to custom-tailor such a changing force curve. For example, the
offset of the connection bearing can be varied and/or an ellipsoid, irregular or other
non-circular main pulley shape can be employed. Also, in the illustrated embodiment,
the main pulley is rotated through a range of angles from about 0° to about 170°.
Variable resistance forces can also be achieved by beginning rotation at a different
angle such as, for example, 5°, -5°, 90°, etc., relative to the horizontal.
Pneumatic Supply and Control
[0095] With reference to Figure 9, a source of compressed air 180 supplies compressed air
to the resistance units 18 to charge the cylinders 152. All of the valves and electronics
preferably are located in one of the resistance units (e.g., the left resistance unit
in the illustrated embodiment), and only one pneumatic line extends between the two
resistance units. However, in other applications, separate valves can be used for
each resistance unit.
[0096] An inlet valve 182 controls air flow into the pneumatic circuit of the resistance
units 18. As noted above, a button 162 on the front cover of the left resistance unit
18 and/or a foot actuator 200 (not shown in Figure 9) may actuate the inlet valve
182. When the inlet valve 182 opens, the compressed air pressurizes the charged side
of the cylinders 152 via the respective accumulators 158 of both resistance units
18. Pressure within the cylinders 152 thus increases in accordance with the amount
of time the inlet valve 182 is open until the system reaches a design limit.
[0097] An outlet valve 184 controls air flow out of the pneumatic circuit of the resistance
units 18. The "-" button 164 and/or the foot actuator 202 (not shown in Figure 9)
may actuate the outlet valve to discharge air to the atmosphere. The pressure within
the cylinders 152 thus decreases as the outlet valve 184 remains open. In one preferred
embodiment, the air may be discharged through a muffler-type device before release
to the atmosphere in order to keep noise levels down within the apparatus.
[0098] As seen in Figure 9, the air pressure within each cylinder 152 is at least substantially
the same, since the accumulators 158 are interconnected through the inlet and discharge
lines. Accordingly, in the illustrated embodiment, the resistance forces applied by
each resistance unit 18 on the end the weight bar 14 are substantially equal. However,
in some applications, the pneumatic circuit can be constructed so as to achieve different
resistance forces when desired.
[0099] In the illustrated embodiment, the left resistance unit 18 also includes a controller
186, including a microprocessor and a pressure transducer 188. The pressure transducer
188 communicates with the pneumatic circuit at a point downstream of the valves 182,
184 in order to sense the air pressure within the cylinders 152 and outputs a signal
indicative of the sensed pressure. The microprocessor receives the output signal and
generates a control signal to send to a display unit 190.
[0100] The display unit 190 preferably displays the information representing the sensed
pressure control signal, which is indicative of the resistance force applied to the
weight bar 14 by each resistance unit 18. It can also display such information as,
for example, but without limitation, number of reps (repetitions) performed, target
number of reps, and/or the number of exercise sets.
[0101] The display unit 190 preferably is located so as to be visible by a user located
at one of the stations of the frame 12. In the illustrated embodiment, as best seen
in Figure 2, the display unit 190 is positioned above and connected to the housing
84 of the left resistance unit 18. The face of the display unit faces toward a user
standing generally between the two end upright members 28c of the frame 12.
Adjustable Bench
[0102] Figures 11-15 illustrate one embodiment of an adjustable bench 303 having a bench
frame 305. This adjustable bench 303 may be used in combination with the exercise
apparatus 10 described in detail above, or in other exercise environments. The bench
frame 305 can be constructed of any suitable material, such as tubular steel, that
can support a user during exercise. The bench frame 305 is comprised of a pair of
substantially parallel, longitudinal bench frame members 315, 317, a pair of forward
upright members 323, 325, a pair of rear upright members 319, 321 and a pair of transverse
bench frame members 327, 331. The longitudinal bench frame members 315, 317 are respectively
joined at one end with the forward upright members 323, 325 and at the other end with
the rear upright members 319, 321. The forward upright members 323, 325 are interconnected
by the transverse bench frame member 327. Likewise, the rear upright members 319,
321 are interconnected by the transverse bench frame member 331. Thus, from a top
view, the longitudinal bench frame members 315, 317 and the transverse bench frame
members 327, 331 form a generally rectangular configuration.
[0103] In one embodiment, the rear upright members 319, 321 are further joined with a transverse
support member 329. As best seen in Figures 12 and 13, a wheel assembly 337, a rotatable
lock assembly 333, and a lock peg 335 are at each lateral end of the transverse support
member 329. Each rotatable lock assembly 333 and lock peg 335 in the illustrated embodiment
form a releasable interlock between the bench and the exercise equipment (an auxiliary
rack assembly) at a top surface 332 of the transverse support member 329 adjacent
to the wheel assembly 337; however, in other embodiments, the releasable interlock
between the bench and the exercise equipment can be located at other locations on
the bench. Additionally, while the releasable interlock is rotatable in the illustrated
embodiment so as to be capable of being rotated into and out of engagement with structure
on the exercise equipment, the releasable interlock can be fixed on the frame.
[0104] The wheel assembly 337 preferably comprises a wheel 363 and an angled bracket 365,
although other means for supporting the wheel 363 may be used. The wheels 363 and
the angled brackets 365 facilitate moving the adjustable bench 303. The bench 303
can be moved by generally picking up the forward end of the bench, using, for example,
the forward upright members 323, 325 or an integrated handle (not shown), and pushing
or pulling the bench 303 so that the wheels 363 roll along the ground, floor or other
supportive surface. The angled brackets 365 are oriented at an angle
α relative to the top surface 332 of the transverse support member 329 so that the
brackets 365 do not hit or scrape the floor while the bench 303 is rolling. In one
embodiment, the angle
α is about 30 degrees. In another embodiment, the angle
α is about 45 degrees. In other embodiments, however, the angle
α may range between about 25 degrees and about 45 degrees. Of course, in still further
embodiments, other means of facilitating bench movement may be used.
[0105] As noted above, the releasable interlock preferably is provided to couple the adjustable
bench 303 with an auxiliary rack assembly 367 and releasably affix their relative
positions. In a preferred embodiment, the auxiliary rack assembly 367 comprises a
frame, such as the frame 12 described in further detail above. The auxiliary rack
assembly 367 preferably includes the other features of the exercise apparatus described
above as well, including the pneumatic resistance units. However, in other embodiments,
the auxiliary rack assembly may comprise any of a number of weight-supporting racks
well known to those of skill in the art.
[0106] In the illustrated embodiment, the releasable interlock comprises the lock peg 335
and the rotatable lock assembly 333. As shown in Figure 13, the lock peg 335 is configured
to be received by a hole 336 within a lock bracket 369 that is attached to the auxiliary
rack assembly 367. The hole 36 is preferably configured with sufficient clearance
such that the peg 335 can be rotated into and out from this receiving engagement.
In a preferred embodiment, the lock peg 335 is offset towards the forward end of the
bench from the wheel assembly 337, about which the bench is lifted. Therefore, when
the adjustable bench 303 is lifted for positioning relative to the rack assembly 367,
the lock pegs 335 are rotated up and displaced above the lock brackets 369. The adjustable
bench 303 can then be optimally positioned under the lock bracket 369, and the lock
pegs 335 located above corresponding holes 336. When the adjustable bench 3 is lowered
back down, the lock pegs 335 and rotatable lock assemblies 333 fall into engagement
with holes 336 in the lock brackets 369, as shown in Figure 13. The rotatable lock
assemblies 333 and lock pegs 335 secure the adjustable bench 303 to the auxiliary
rack assembly 367. In the illustrated embodiment, the lock bracket 369 comprises a
plurality of holes 336. The holes 336 are arranged into a longitudinal row, which
facilitates selection of an optimal relative position between the adjustable bench
303 and the auxiliary rack assembly 367. The auxiliary rack assembly 367 can be bolted
or otherwise fastened to the floor. In this embodiment, the lock pegs 335 and rotatable
lock assemblies 333, and the holes 336 in the lock bracket 369 secure the adjustable
bench 303 in a locked position relative to the auxiliary rack assembly 367.
[0107] With reference to Figures 11 and 16, the adjustable bench 303 further comprises a
seat 309 and a backrest 307. The seat 309 and the backrest 307 preferably each have
padding 313, 311, respectively, which is configured to comfortably receive a user's
399 body (Figures 16-21). The seat 309 is fastened to a seat support 314. Likewise,
the backrest 307 is fastened to a backrest support 312 (Figure 16). A seat adjustment
member 341 is rotatably attached at one end to the seat support 314 by a pivot 354
(Figure 16). An opposite end of the seat adjustment member is attached via a pivot
355 to a pair of angled portions 343, 344 extending from a pair of notched braces
345, 346, respectively. The angled portions 343, 344 and the notched braces 345, 346
are secured at one end to the forward upright members 323, 325, and the notched braces
345, 346 are secured at the other end to the longitudinal bench frame members 315,
317, thereby fixing the pivot 355 in position, as shown in Figure 11.
[0108] Similarly, a backrest adjustment member 339 is rotatably attached at one end to the
backrest support 312 by a pivot 356 (Figure 16). An opposite end of the backrest adjustment
member 339 is attached via a pivot 357 to the pair of rear upright members 319, 321.
A damper strut or stay 353 is pivotally attached to a central portion of the backrest
adjustment member 339 and to the transverse bench frame member 331. Alternatively,
the damper strut 353 can be pivotally attached to the transverse support member 329.
The damper strut 353 facilitates lifting the backrest 307 upward relative to the longitudinal
bench frame members 315, 317. The longitudinal bench frame members 315, 317 include
a pair of rubber stops 359, 361, respectively, which cushion the backrest support
312 on the longitudinal bench frame members 315, 317 when the bench 303 is in a flat
position, as shown in Figure 16.
[0109] The seat 309 and backrest 307 may also be rotatably attached to one another via a
traveler. The traveler moves forward and backward relative to the longitudinal bench
frame members 315, 317 and may take a number of forms well known to those of skill
in the art. In the illustrated embodiment, the traveler is a hinged bracket assembly
349 and travels horizontally along the longitudinal bench frame members 315, 317.
[0110] As shown in Figures 14 and 15, the hinged bracket assembly 349 may comprise a pair
of brackets 373, 374 positioned on opposite sides of an interface 308 between the
seat 309 and the backrest 307. Each of the brackets 373, 374 has an elongated hole
371 that receives one end of an adjustment bar 351. In one form, the elongated holes
371 have a generally oval shape. In another form, the elongated holes 371 may have
a generally rectangular shape. The elongated holes 371 support the adjustment bar
351 such that a middle section of the bar 351 rests within notches 347 of the notched
braces 345, 346. As shown and discussed in connection with Figure 11, the notched
braces 345, 346 are secured to the longitudinal bench frame members 315, 317 and to
the forward upright members 323, 325. Thus, the adjustment bar 351 and the notched
braces 345, 346 serve as a locking assembly to hold the backrest 307 and seat 309
in fixed positions relative to the bench frame 305. The notches 347 are positioned
in predetermined locations along the length of the notched braces 345, 346. It will
be appreciated that in another embodiment, the notched brace 346 may be omitted, with
the notched brace 345 being solely employed. In this embodiment, when the adjustment
bar 351 rests within one of the notches 347 of the notched brace 345, the seat 309
and backrest 307 are held fixed relative to the bench frame 305. Of course, other
forms of locking assemblies may be used to selectively fix the position of the traveler
along the length of the bench frame.
[0111] In the illustrated embodiment, a bar support 411 may be rotatably attached via a
pivot 413 at one end to each bracket 385, 386, and fixedly attached at the other end
to the adjustment bar 351. As best shown in Figure 14, the pivot 413 is supported
within an elongated hole 415 on each bracket 385, 386. The bar support 411 serves
to couple the adjustment bar 351 to the brackets 385, 386 so as not to slide out the
sides of the bench 303.
[0112] When the seat 309 and the backrest 307 are set at one of a plurality of established
positions along the frame 305, the adjustment bar 351 is fixed within a notch 347
under the weight of the seat 309 and the backrest 307 and is further fixed within
the notch 347 when the adjustable bench 303, and more specifically the seat 309, supports
additional weight, such as a user's body (Figures 16-21). When the seat 309 supports
this weight, the hinged bracket assembly 349 is pushed toward one end of the bench
by the horizontal component of the weight. The sides of the elongated holes 371 in
the brackets 373, 374 of the hinged bracket assembly 349 thus pushes the adjustment
bar 351 against an edge of the notch 347, preventing further motion of the assembly
349 (as illustrated in Figure 14). In the above manner, the adjustment bar 351 is
locked so as to prevent inadvertent upward movement of the adjustment bar 351 within
the elongated holes 371. When the horizontal component of the user's weight is removed
from the seat 309 (such as when the user 399 is pushing backwards against the backrest
307, or when the user 399 stands up), a user can lift the adjustment bar 351. In doing
so, the pivot 413 slides rearward within the elongated holes 415 as the bar support
411 and the pivot 413 rotate together.
[0113] The hinged bracket assembly 349 further comprises a plurality of wheels that facilitate
moving the hinged bracket assembly 349 horizontally along the length of the longitudinal
bench frame members 315, 317. As shown in Figures 14 and 15, top wheels 375, 381 are
in rolling contact with a top surface 316 of the longitudinal bench frame member 315,
and bottom wheels 377, 383 are in rolling contact with a bottom surface 318 of the
longitudinal bench frame member 315. A plurality of fasteners 389 secures the wheels
375, 377, 381, 383 to the bracket 373 on one side of the member 315 and to a support
bracket 385 on the other side of the member 315.
[0114] With continued reference to Figures 14 and 15, top wheels 376, 382 are in rolling
contact with a top surface 322 of the longitudinal bench frame member 317, and bottom
wheels 380, 384 are in rolling contact with a bottom surface 324 of the longitudinal
bench frame member 317. A plurality of fasteners 389 secures the wheels 376, 380,
382, 384 to the bracket 374 on one side of the longitudinal bench frame member 317
and to a support bracket 386 on the other side of the member 317. A pair of transverse
members 378, 379 are joined on opposite ends with the support brackets 385, 386. The
transverse members 378, 379 keep the brackets 373, 374 aligned with one another and
thus ensure that the adjustment bar 351 remains freely moveable within the elongated
holes 371. The wheels and brackets facilitate moving the seat 309 and backrest 307
along the bench frame 305, but prevent the seat 309 and backrest 307 from being lifted
off of the bench frame 305.
[0115] In the illustrated embodiment of Figures 14 and 15, the hinged bracket assembly 349
comprises a total of eight wheels. In another embodiment, however, the longitudinal
bench frame member 315 may be employed without the longitudinal bench frame member
317. Accordingly, the hinged bracket assembly 349 need not include eight wheels, but
rather can include the two top wheels 375, 381 and the two bottom wheels 377, 383.
In addition, the support brackets 385, 386 and the transverse members 378, 379 can
be omitted where the bracket 374 is fastened directly to the wheels 375, 377, 381,
383.
[0116] As best shown in Figure 14, the seat 309 is rotatably attached to the hinged bracket
assembly 349 via a hinge 393, which is joined with the seat support 314 and which
defines a pivot axis about which the seat 309 rotates. A fastener 395 secures the
hinge 393 to the brackets 373, 374. Similarly, a hinge 391, which is joined with the
backrest support 312, rotatably attaches the backrest 307 to the hinged bracket assembly
349 and defines a pivot axis about which the backrest 307 rotates. A fastener 395
secures the hinge 391 to the brackets 373, 374. The hinges 391, 393 and the fasteners
395 allow for inclination of the seat 309 and backrest 307 relative to the bench frame
305.
[0117] Operation of the adjustable bench 303 is now disclosed as follows with reference
to Figures 16-21. As will be apparent from a review of these figures and from the
following description, a distance L between a generally vertical plane and the interface
point between the bench and the exercise equipment (e.g., the auxiliary rack assembly)
remains substantially constant even though the inclination of the backrest 309 is
changed for different exercises. In this manner, in each inclined position of the
backrest, the initial starting point of the exercise stroke (e.g., the bar position
when first lifted off of the rack supports/catches) will lie substantially along the
vertical plane. The user consequently does not need to reposition the bench relative
to the exercise equipment as the user changes the backrest position for performing
different types of exercises.
[0118] The adjustable bench 303 is shown in a generally flat configuration in Figure 16.
A user 399 lays on the bench 303, face upward, so that the user's head is generally
supported on the rear portion of the backrest 307, and the user's upper back is generally
supported on the middle of the backrest 307. The user 399 is shown supporting a weight
bar 397 in an upright position. In a preferred embodiment, the weight bar 397 has
substantially the same configuration as the weight bar 14 described above. The weight
bar 397 has a horizontal distance L from the lock pegs 335. In the flat configuration
shown in Figure 16, the adjustment bar 351 is locked in the forward-most notches 347
of the notched braces 345, 346. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the flat
configuration of the bench 303 is particularly suitable for performing exercises such
as, by way of example, the barbell bench press.
[0119] The user 399 may adjust the bench 303 from a variety of positions, including standing
above or to the side of the adjustable bench 303. As illustrated and described below
with reference to Figures 16-21, the user 399 preferably changes the configuration
of the adjustable bench 303 while remaining generally seated on the bench 303. In
this embodiment, the user 399 lifts one or both ends of the adjustment bar 351 upward
within the elongated holes 371 of the brackets 373, 374 so that the bar clears the
notches 347. The user 399 can then push backwards with his or her legs and move the
hinged bracket assembly 349, and with it the pivot axes for the seat 309 and backrest
307, rearward on the longitudinal bench frame members 315, 317. In order to facilitate
this movement, the user 399 also preferably applies a force directly to the backrest
307, for example, by lifting the backrest 307 as the hinged bracket assembly 349 is
moved rearward. Of course, the user 399 could simply lift and pull/push the backrest
307 while standing without pushing backwards with his or her legs in order to move
the hinged bracket assembly 349. Once the hinged bracket assembly 349 begins to move
rearward, the user 399 releases the ends of the adjustment bar 351, allowing the bar
to slide along the upper-most edges of the notched braces 345, 346. The hinged bracket
assembly 349 can be moved rearward until the adjustment bar 351 drops within the elongated
holes 371 and thus falls within the next available pair of notches 347. As the seat
309 moves rearward along the bench frame 305, the seat adjustment member 341 rotates
about the pivot 355. In doing so, the upper end of the seat adjustment member 341
pivots relative to the seat support 314, thereby pushing the seat 309 into an inclined
position. Similarly, as the pivot axis for the backrest 307 is moved backwards, the
backrest adjustment member 339 pivots the backrest 307 into an inclined position.
The adjustment bench 303 is thus placed in a first inclined configuration, as shown
in Figure 17.
[0120] With reference to Figure 17, the adjustable bench 303 is shown in the first inclined
configuration. Accordingly, the user 399 is holding the weight bar 397 in an upright
position inclined relative to the user's torso. In the inclined upright position the
weight bar 397 has a horizontal distance
L from the lock pegs 335. The distance
L shown in Figure 17 is substantially identical to the distance L shown and discussed
in connection with Figure 16, and therefore the position of the weight bar 397 has
not changed relative to external references, such as an auxiliary rack assembly 367
attached to the lock pegs 335. This feature is particularly advantageous when the
adjustable bench 303 is used in conjunction with an auxiliary rack assembly, such
as the auxiliary rack assembly 367 shown in Figure 13, which is capable of supporting
the weight bar 397 over the backrest 307. The adjustable bench 303 can be changed
from the generally flat configuration to the inclined configuration shown in Figure
17 without the bench 303 having to be moved horizontally relative to the auxiliary
rack assembly 367.
[0121] While still positioned on the bench 303, the user 399 can change the bench 303 from
the first inclined configuration to a second inclined configuration shown in Figure
18, in substantially the same way described above with respect to Figures 16 and 17.
The user 399 lifts one or both ends of the adjustment bar 351 upward within the elongated
holes 371 of the brackets 373, 374 so that the bar clears the notches 347, and pushes
back with his or her legs. The hinged bracket assembly 349, and with it the pivot
axes for the seat 309 and backrest 307, then moves rearward on the longitudinal bench
frame members 315, 317. In order to facilitate this movement, the user 399 preferably
applies a force directly to the seat 309 or the backrest 307, for example, by lifting
the backrest 307. Once the hinged bracket assembly 349 begins to move rearward, the
user 399 releases the ends of the adjustment bar 351, allowing the bar to slide along
the upper-most edges of the notched braces 345, 346. The hinged bracket assembly 349
is moved rearward until the adjustment bar 351 drops within the elongated holes 371
and thus falls within the next available pair of notches 347. As the seat 309 is moved
rearward along the bench frame 305, the seat adjustment member 341 rotates about the
pivot 355. In doing so, the upper end of the seat adjustment member 341 pivots relative
to the seat support 314, thereby pushing the seat 309 into a further inclined position.
Similarly, as the pivot axis for the backrest 307 is moved backwards, the backrest
adjustment member 339 pivots the backrest 307 into a more inclined position. The adjustment
bench 303 is thus placed in the second inclined configuration, as shown in Figure
18.
[0122] With reference to Figure 18, the adjustable bench 303 is shown in the second inclined
configuration. Accordingly, the user 399 is holding the weight bar 397 in an inclined
upright position that is greater than the inclined position of the weight bar 397
shown in Figure 17. In the inclined upright position shown in Figure 18, the weight
bar 397 has a horizontal distance
L from the lock pegs 335. The distance
L shown in Figure 18 is substantially identical to the distance
L shown and discussed in connection with Figures 16 and 17, and therefore the position
of the weight bar 397 has not changed relative to external references, such as an
auxiliary rack assembly 367 attached to the lock pegs 335. As the adjustable bench
303 is changed from the flat configuration shown in Figure 16 to the first inclined
configuration shown in Figure 17 and then to the second inclined configuration shown
in Figure 18, the shoulders of the user 399 travel generally along a vertical plane.
As discussed above, this feature is particularly suitable when the adjustable bench
303 is used with the auxiliary rack assembly 367, wherein the rack assembly supports
the weight bar 397 over the backrest 307. The adjustable bench 303 can be changed
from the flat configuration to the first and second inclined configurations without
the bench 303 having to be moved horizontally relative to the auxiliary rack assembly
367.
[0123] With reference to Figure 19, the procedure for changing the adjustable bench 303
from the second inclined configuration to the third inclined configuration is substantially
the same as the procedure outlined above with reference to Figures 16-18. While positioned
on the adjustable bench 303, as shown in Figure 18, the user 399 lifts the adjustment
bar 351 to an upward position within the elongated holes 371 of the brackets 373,
374 and pushes backward with his or her legs. The upward position of the adjustment
bar 351 within the holes 371 allows the bar to clear the notches 347. The user 399
thus moves the hinged bracket assembly 349, and with it the pivot axes for the seat
309 and backrest 307, rearward along the longitudinal bench frame members 315, 317,
and allows the ends of the adjustment bar 351 to slide along the upper-most edges
of the notched braces 345, 346. In order to facilitate this movement, the user 399
preferably applies a force directly to the backrest 307, for example, by lifting the
backrest 307. As the seat 309 moves rearward along the bench frame 305, the seat adjustment
member 341 rotates about the pivot 355. In doing so, the upper end of the seat adjustment
member 341 pivots relative to the seat support 314, thereby pushing the seat 309 into
a more inclined position. Similarly, as the pivot axis for the backrest 307 is moved
backwards, the backrest adjustment member 339 pivots the backrest 307 into a more
inclined position. The hinged bracket assembly 349 locks the seat 307 and backrest
309 in the third inclined configuration when the adjustment bar 351 drops into the
pair of notches 347 defining the third inclined configuration.
[0124] In Figure 19, the user 399 is shown holding the weight bar 397 in an upright position
that is more inclined relative to the user's torso than the positions shown in Figures
17 and 18. In the upright position shown in Figure 19, the weight bar 397 has a horizontal
distance
L from the lock pegs 335. The distance
L shown in Figure 19 is substantially identical to the distance L shown and discussed
in connection with Figures 16-18, and therefore the position of the weight bar 397
has not changed relative to external references. As discussed above, because the shoulders
of the user 399 remain positioned generally over the same location, the user need
not shift the bench 303 horizontally relative to the auxiliary rack 367.
[0125] The procedure for changing the adjustable bench 303 from the third inclined configuration
(Figure 19) to the fourth inclined configuration (Figure 20) is substantially identical
in all respects to the procedures outlined above with reference to Figures 16-19.
While positioned on the adjustable bench 303, the user 399 lifts the adjustment bar
351 to an upward position within the elongated holes 371 of the brackets 373, 374,
thereby allowing the bar to move out of the notches 347. The user 399 then pushes
backward with his or her body, moving the hinged bracket assembly 349, and with it
the pivot axes for the seat 309 and backrest 307, rearward along the longitudinal
bench frame members 315, 317, allowing the adjustment bar 351 to slide along the upper-most
edges of the notched braces 345, 346. As the seat 309 moves rearward along the bench
frame 305, the seat adjustment member 341 rotates about the pivot 355. In doing so,
the upper end of the seat adjustment member 341 pivots relative to the seat support
314, thereby pushing the seat 309 into a less inclined position. Similarly, as the
pivot axis for the backrest 307 is moved backwards, the backrest adjustment member
339 pivots the backrest 307 into a more inclined position. The hinged bracket assembly
349 locks the seat 307 and backrest 309 in the fourth inclined configuration when
the adjustment bar 351 drops into the next available pair of notches 347.
[0126] In Figure 20, the user 399 is shown holding the weight bar 397 in an upright position
that is more inclined relative to the user's torso than the upright positions shown
in Figures 17-19. In the upright position shown in Figure 20, the weight bar 397 has
a horizontal distance
L from the lock pegs 335. The distance
L shown in Figure 20 is substantially identical in all respects to the distance
L shown and discussed in connection with Figures 16-19, and therefore the position
of the weight bar 397 has not changed relative to external references. Because the
shoulders of the user 399 remain positioned generally over the same location, the
user 399 need not shift the bench 303 horizontally relative to the auxiliary rack
367.
[0127] The procedure for changing the adjustable bench 303 from the fourth inclined configuration
(Figure 20) to the fifth inclined configuration (Figure 21) is substantially identical
in all respects to the procedures outlined above with reference to Figures 16-20.
While positioned on the adjustable bench 303, the user 399 lifts the adjustment bar
351 upward within the elongated holes 371 of the brackets 373, 374, thereby allowing
the bar to move out of the notches 347. The user 399 pushes backward to move the hinged
bracket assembly 349, and with it the pivot axes for the seat 309 and backrest 307,
rearward along the longitudinal bench frame members 315, 317 until the adjustment
bar 351 drops into the next available pair of notches 347, defining the fifth inclined
configuration. As the seat 309 moves rearward along the bench frame 305, the seat
adjustment member 341 rotates about the pivot 355. In doing so, the upper end of the
seat adjustment member 341 pivots relative to the seat support 314, placing the seat
in a nearly horizontal configuration. Similarly, as the pivot axis for the backrest
307 is moved backwards, the backrest adjustment member 339 pivots the backrest 307
into a nearly vertical position.
[0128] With reference to Figure 21, the user 399 is shown holding the weight bar 397 in
an upright position relative to the user's torso that is greater than the upright
positions shown in Figures 13-20. In the upright position shown in Figure 21, the
weight bar 397 has a horizontal distance
L from the lock pegs 335. The distance
L shown in Figure 21 is substantially identical in all respects to the distance
L shown and discussed in connection with Figures 16-20, and therefore the position
of the weight bar 397 has not changed relative to external references. Because the
distance
L remains unchanged as the bench 303 is inclined, the user's 399 shoulders remain positioned
generally over the same location. This obviates the need for the user 399 to shift
the bench 303 horizontally relative to the auxiliary rack 367 to position the shoulders
optimally under the weight bar 397.
[0129] It will be appreciated that the adjustable bench 303 is not limited solely to sequential
configuration changes. Rather, the adjustable bench 303 can be changed from any one
angle of inclination to any other of the above-discussed angles of inclination. For
example, the user 399 may wish to change the bench 303 from the flat configuration
shown in Figure 16 directly to the fifth inclined configuration shown in Figure 21.
While lying on the bench 303 as shown in Figure 16, the user 399 lifts one or both
ends of the adjustment bar 351 to an upward position within the elongated holes 371
of the brackets 373, 374 so that the bar moves out of the notches 347. The user 399
then moves the hinged bracket assembly 349 rearward along the longitudinal bench frame
members 315, 317. While the hinged bracket assembly 349 moves, the user 399 holds
the adjustment bar 351 is the upward position within the elongated holes 371. This
allows the adjustment bar 351 to pass over the notches 347 defining other angles of
inclination. Once the adjustment bar 351 passes rearward of the notches 347 defining
the fourth inclined configuration, the user 399 releases the adjustment bar 351. The
adjustment bar 351 then slides along the upper-most edges of the notched braces 345,
346 until falling within the pair of notches 347 defining the fifth inclined configuration,
as shown in Figure 21. Of course, other numbers and configurations may be implemented,
as is well-known to those of skill in the art.
Operation of the Exercise Apparatus
[0130] In one application for the above-described apparatus, a user positions the weight
bar 14 on the bar catches 32 at one of the exercise stations of the frame 12 and then
loads the resistance unit couplers 76 onto both sides of the bar 14. Prior to this
step, however, the user may adjust the length of cable between the body 88 and the
collar 86 of the coupler 76. As noted above, the user attaches the shorter cable 90a
between the body 88 and the collar 86 for lower work on the apparatus (e.g., bench
press exercises) and attaches the longer cable 90b between the body 88 and the collar
86 for higher work on the apparatus (e.g., military press exercises).
[0131] Each coupler 76 is positioned parallel to the location of the weight bar 14 on the
frame 12 by sliding a respective trolley 52 along a respective track 54. Movement
of the trolley 52, however, does not extend the user cable 118 from the housing 84.
Rather, the sections of the cable 118 that extend about the track end pulley 138 and
the second lower pulley 140 remain generally stationary. Movement of the trolley 52
therefore does not work against the resistance assembly 80. The trolley 52 can freely
move along the track 54 and can follow any movement of the weight bar 14 relative
to the track 54 during an exercise stroke.
[0132] Each coupler 76 is installed by slipping the collar 86 over the respective sleeve
14a of the weight bar 14. The collar 86 slides over the sleeve 14a until the collar
86 fits over and abuts the weight bar hub 14b. In this position, the body 88 is disposed
directly beneath the weight bar 14, as seen in Figure 6. This action preferably is
done with little air pressure in the charged side of the cylinders 152. Once the collars
86 are attached, the user can increase the pressure within each resistance unit 18
to a desired level.
[0133] The user may modify the pressure within each resistance unit 18 using the buttons
162, 164, the foot actuators 200, 202 or a combination of both. Prior to getting into
position for an exercise, the user may increase the pressure using the "+" button
162, and decrease the pressure using the "-" button 164. A partner may also manipulate
the pressure using these buttons, during or after exercise by the user. Alternatively,
the user may use the foot actuators 200, 202 to perform the same pressure adjustment.
As illustrated in Figure 10C, one advantage to using the foot actuators is that the
user may assume certain exercise positions and simultaneously adjust the resistance.
As shown in Figure 10C, a user may be lying on a bench within the exercise apparatus
10, in a position to perform a bench press, and may manipulate the foot plate 204
of the foot actuator 202 with his or her foot in order to increase the resistance.
Furthermore, the user may manipulate either of the foot plates while exercising in
order to adjust resistance during an exercise set without leaving the bench. The user
can thus quickly and easily reduce or increase the resistance applied to the weight
bar. If the apparatus further comprises an adjustable bench 303, the user may also
adjust the angle of inclination of the backrest 309 without leaving an exercise position
and without adjusting the horizontal position of the bench relative to the frame 10.
[0134] The user can also place one or more weight plates 16 on the weight bar 14 after the
collars 86 have been connected. The first weight plate 16 abuts against the collar
86 just as it normally would abut against the bar hub 14b. Additional plates 16 may
be slipped over the bar sleeve 14a in a conventional manner. The user then can perform
the particular exercise in his or her normal course. In other embodiments, the weight
plates 16 and collars 86 can be attached to the weight bar 14 in a different configuration,
or the apparatus may be used with only pneumatic resistance.
[0135] In one embodiment, the display unit 190 displays information to the user, such as,
for example, number of repetitions performed, number of sets performed, target number
of repetitions, etc. As the user performs an exercise, the display unit 190 increments
the repetitions and sets automatically as the user interface moves. In order to modify
the information shown on the display unit 190, the user may send electronic signals
using, for example, the buttons 162, 164 on the housing 84. Similarly, the user may
send electronic signals using the foot actuators 200, 202. For example, in one embodiment,
depression of both buttons 162, 164 or both foot plates 204 may cause the counter
for the number of repetitions to reset. In another embodiment, a particular sequence
of depressions may allow a user to change the target number of repetitions. A user
can thereby use the foot actuators 200, 202 to update stored information without leaving
the exercise station.
[0136] A user works against the resistance assembly 80 as he or she pulls the extension
mechanism 78 from the housing 84. The following describes the operations of the resistance
assembly 80 in greater detail.
[0137] With reference to Figure 5, when the resistance assembly 80 is in an unloaded position,
a generally horizontal line L intersects the bearing 168 and the center C of the main
pulley 166. This position of the main pulley 166 is considered to be 0° relative to
horizontal. The piston rod 154 is preferably substantially vertically oriented in
this unloaded position. As the user pulls on the user cable 118 so that the lower
pulley block 124 moves upwardly, the main cable 144 is also drawn upwardly, thus vertically
translating the main pulley 166 and also causing the main pulley 166 to rotate. In
the illustrated embodiment, the main pulley 166 rotates from about 0° through about
170° during the full stroke of the piston rod 154.
[0138] The offset connection of the piston rod 154 to the main pulley 166 causes the pneumatic
cylinder 152 to pivot about the pivot point 156 when the main pulley 166 rotates.
As such, the cylinder 152 is directed at least partially toward a first side of the
housing 84 when the piston rod 154 is displaced upwardly. As discussed above, the
pneumatic actuator 150 exerts a substantial force during compression of the charged
side of the cylinder 152. The vertical component of the force is translated along
the longitudinal length of the main cable 144. However, the horizontal component of
the force tends to urge the main pulley 166 toward the first side of the housing and
against the support member 174. Accordingly, although the force exerted by the pneumatic
actuator 150 increases, not all of the force is directly opposing the upward movement
of the main pulley 166. Moreover, the movement of the bearing 168 away from the block-and-tackle
mechanism 120 increases the leverage that the block-and-tackle mechanism 120 exerts
relative to the pneumatic actuator 150.
[0139] When the piston rod 154 and the main pulley 166 are at a point about halfway through
the piston rod stroke, the main pulley 166 has rotated through about 90°. In this
position, the bearing 168 is located almost directly above the center C of the main
pulley 166. The main pulley 166 also has rolled along the cable support member 174
and is closer to the cylinder 152. Because of the position of the bearing 168, the
cylinder 152 has pivoted with the rotation of the main pulley 166. Accordingly, the
stroke axis of the piston rod 154 is no longer vertically oriented and is skewed relative
to the first and second sections of the main cable 144. Additionally, the distance
between the bearing 168 and the section of the main cable 144 attached to the lower
pulley block 124 has also increased to provide the block-and-tackle mechanism 120
with additional leverage relative to the pneumatic cylinder 152.
[0140] Continued extension of the user cable 118 further rotates the pulley 166 and compresses
the piston rod 154 into the cylinder 152. At a point near the end of the piston rod
stroke, the main pulley 166 has rotated through about 170° such that the bearing 168
is located almost opposite of where it started. The main pulley 166 also has rolled
along the cable support member 174 and lies near the lower end of the cylinder 152.
Because of the position of the bearing 168, the cylinder 152 has pivoted further with
the rotation of the main pulley 166, and the stroke axis of the piston rod 154 is
even more skewed relative to the first and second sections of the main cable 144.
Additionally, the distance between the bearing 168 and the section of the main cable
144 attached to the lower pulley block 124 has further increased to provide greater
leverage to the block-and-tackle mechanism 120 relative to the pneumatic cylinder
152.
[0141] Accordingly, the resistance force exerted by the resistance assembly 80 is generally
constant throughout an exercise stroke.
[0142] Although this invention has been disclosed in the context of certain preferred embodiments
and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention
extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments
and/or uses of the invention and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. In
particular, while the pneumatic and weight resistance mechanism has been described
in the context of particularly preferred embodiments, the skilled artisan will appreciate,
in view of the present disclosure, that certain advantages, features and aspects of
the exercise apparatus may be realized in a variety of other applications, many of
which have been noted above. For example, while particularly useful for use with free
weights, the skilled artisan can readily adopt the principles and advantages described
herein to a variety of other applications, including the use of weight stacks. Additionally,
a single resistance unit can include a coupling mechanism that couples the resistance
unit to both sides of the bar or other user interface. It also is contemplated that
various aspects and features of the invention described can be practiced separately,
combined together, or substituted for one another, and that a variety of combinations
and subcombinations of the features and aspects can be made and still fall within
the scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the present invention
herein disclosed should not be limited by the particular disclosed embodiments described
above, but should be determined only by a fair reading of the claims that follow.
Additionally, the use of the heading above is for convenience only and should not
be interpreted to limit or affect, in any way, the meaning of any of the claim language.