[0001] The object of the invention is a method of feeding of the antenna array, in particular
antenna array with cosecant vertical radiation pattern for radio communication, radar
and radiolocation networks, including mobile network and radar station antennas. The
object of the invention is also an antenna array feeding arrangement, in particular
an antenna array with a cosecant pattern.
[0002] In radiocommunication systems, in the known solutions of transmitting antennas, including
base stations and radars, the aim is to achieve a constant level of transmitted signals
in the coverage area. Such a requirement is met if the antenna has a cosecant vertical
radiation pattern. This is achieved by shaping the vertical radiation pattern, for
example by filling their nulls and flattening side lobes maxima. So far achieved vertical
antenna radiation patterns, however, are far from ideal cosecant patterns.
[0003] Most of today's transmitting/receiving antennas have an antenna array structure consisting
of several radiators, generally half-wave dipoles. The base station antennas usually
have radiators disposed in one vertical column, not necessarily on the same vertical
axis, at distances substantially equal to half of the wave-length λ. There are also
base station antennas that have a dominant linear system, consisting of multiple levels,
and at each level there are several radiators, generally much fewer than the number
of levels of the antenna array.
[0004] Other antennas, such as of radars, have radiators arranged on a plane, both horizontally
and vertically, with a similar number of radiators in each of the two dimensions.
Then each column of radiators can have cosecant vertical radiation pattern.
[0005] Each of the radiators of the antenna array can operate in a horizontal, vertical
or slant polarisation. Recently, slant polarisation + 45° and -45° has become more
important. Radiators grouped in pairs may also operate in elliptical polarisation,
and in particular in circular polarisation.
[0006] Shaping a vertical radiation pattern of the antenna array, for instance, to obtain
cosecant pattern, may take place substantially in two ways:
- by irregularities in the geometrical arrangement of radiators and
- by suitable distribution of amplitudes and phases in feeding arrangement.
[0007] In practice, the easiest way is to implement the diversity of phases that feeding
radiators , and then - with some limitations - changes in the amplitude of currents
feeding radiators. In practice irregularities in the distribution of the radiators
are also used, but irregularities are limited, for example, the distances between
the radiators are substantially equal to half a wave-length, but there may be two
or three close to half the wave-length of this distance, generally used alternately.
[0008] Interesting possibilities of shaping the pattern is created by a combination of two
above-mentioned methods, i.e. use of irregularities in the distribution of the radiators,
and appropriate selection of phases, and possibly also the amplitudes.
[0009] Patent application
GB 1186786 A discloses a solution wherein a high frequency or ultra high frequency antenna comprises
a plurality of antenna elements which are arranged on multiple levels and which are
supplied with the same amplitude. This antenna contains four units of substantially
the same size, placed at the centre of the antenna, one above the other, each of which
has two levels of radiators of different phases. In this solution, vertical radiation
pattern is shaped in the direction of a cosecant pattern through appropriate distribution
of antenna array excitation phases. Increments in excitation phases are limited to
a maximum value of 100° and are divided into a 4-step procedure for the consecutive,
different groups of levels. The resultant one excitation phase distribution is unique
for a given number of levels of the antenna system, and provides a vertical pattern,
which is somewhat similar to a cosecant pattern.
[0010] Patent application
JP 2000082920 A discloses a two-dimensional antenna array with a symmetrical radiation pattern in
the horizontal plane and a cosecant pattern in the vertical plane. Radiation level
from the power supply system was reduced by its appropriate shaping. The individual
antenna elements are supplied with diverse amplitudes and phases. Changes in various
phases of antenna elements consist of a sequence alternating with a number of positive
increments and then multiple negative increments.
[0011] Patent application
US004766437A discloses an antenna system, consisting of two antenna systems with multiple antenna
elements, excited with exponential amplitudes. The input signal supplies both antenna
assemblies with the same amplitude and phase. Individual antenna elements in both
antenna assemblies are supplied with amplitudes with exponentially changing values.
Phase shifter allows the selection of phases between the two antenna systems. When
its value is between 60° and 120°, then the pattern has a cosecant shape.
[0012] Patent application
US 006107964 A presents a method of obtaining a cosecant pattern in the slot antenna through appropriate
pattern of amplitudes and phases distribution. Amplitude distribution of the consecutive
radiators varies linearly. Relative phase distribution also changes linearly, except
for the first radiator, which is fed with a defined pitch phase.
[0013] Patent application
EP 2434577 A1 discloses a solution, wherein an antenna arrangement for providing direct air - ground
communication, includes an antenna array with multiple antenna elements, preferably
in a linear configuration and the feeding network with multiple antenna lines energizing
multiple antenna elements with the RF signal. The feeding network is adapted to generate
phase shifts and different amplitudes in antenna paths, so that the antenna array
provides an approximation of the target pattern of the antenna array gain, in particular
the approximation of a cosecant pattern in the plane of elevation for elevation angles
from the elevation limit angle with the maximum gain to the elevation angle of 90°.
In the disclosed solution an antenna array has a shaped vertical upward radiation
pattern (from the base station towards the aircraft), wherein the pattern has an optimized
shape for a cosecant pattern using numerical optimization.
[0016] Patent application
US 2006/0007041 A1 discloses a wide-angle, two arrays antenna with no null in the depression angle range.
Some antenna elements are similar to conventional cosecant squared beam antennas,
but as the purpose of the disclosure is no null in the antenna pattern, the convergence
with cosecant characteristics is not discussed in depth . Moreover, the signal characteristics
is obtained using two arrays and one of the requirements is that the first antenna
array center point is also a symmetry point of the array phase distribution. And the
phase center of the first antenna array is substantially coincident with that of the
second antenna array.
[0017] In all the above solutions vertical radiation pattern of transmitting antennas, composed
of the radiators, are far from a perfect, cosecant radiation pattern. As a result,
in a service area the level of transmitted and received signals is still characterized
by relatively high volatility, i.e. still there are places with poor reception of
transmitted signals.
[0018] The proposed solution related to the method of feeding of the antenna array and antenna
array feeding arrangement allows for gaining the radiation pattern very close to the
ideal cosecant pattern, thus the level of transmitted and received signals across
the service area is much more stable and much less dependent on the distance from
the transmitting station. The solution allows gaining a much more uniform distribution
level of transmitted or received signals compared to current solutions. The existing
antenna array feeding methods are not able to provide such a uniform level of transmitted
or received signals.
[0019] A method of feeding an antenna array, according to the invention, is defined by the
appended claims 1-3.
[0020] An antenna array feeding arrangement, according to the invention, is defined by the
appended claims 4-6.
[0021] Application of the proposed solution related to a method of feeding of an antenna
array and antenna array feeding arrangement will allow a much better and more balanced
coverage area served by the base station, which will also enable optimization of broadcast
network and obtained parameters, including the elimination of some microcells completing
the gaps in the coverage ranges. For radars a solution will significantly increase
the accuracy of the location of the tracked objects, that is, information about the
location of the objects.
[0022] The application of the proposed solution by the operators of cellular and radiocommunication
systems will make it possible to achieve even coverage of the transmitted and received
signals throughout the service area. This will minimize existence and extent of the
areas with too low signal level or lack thereof, and aligns the level of the signals
received.
[0023] The object of the invention is shown in the drawing, in which
fig. 1 presents a schematic view of an AN antenna array (assembly) feeding arrangement,
fig. 2 - a schematic view of AN antenna assemblies of 8, 16 and 24 levels (bays) with
RAD radiators in vertical polarisation,
fig. 3 - a schematic view of AN antenna assemblies of 8, 16 and 24 levels (bays) for
two frequencies f and 2f and two +45° i -45°polarisations,
fig. 4 - a system of phases distribution F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN for an AN antenna
array with 8 RAD radiators.
fig. 5 - comparing the vertical radiation pattern of the homogeneous system, with
all the phase differences equal to 0°, ideal cosecant pattern and the resulting pattern
of an AN antenna array with 8 RAD radiators,
fig. 6 - field strength distributions as a function of distance from the antenna mast
(tower), normalized relative to the maximum value for an AN antenna array with 8 RAD
radiators, excited with 0° phases (dashed line) and the phases of fig. 4 (solid line),
fig. 7 - a system of phases distribution F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN for an AN antenna
array of 16 levels with RAD radiators.
fig. 8 - comparing the vertical radiation pattern of the homogeneous system, ideal
cosecant pattern and the resulting pattern of an AN antenna array with 16 RAD radiators,
fig. 9 - field strength distributions as a function of distance from the antenna mast,
normalized relative to the maximum value for an AN antenna array with 16 RAD radiators,
excited with 0° phases (dashed line) and the phases of fig. 7 (solid line).
[0024] A method of feeding an AN antenna array of fig. 1 consists in feeding N consecutive
RAD radiators with any polarisation, arranged at intervals about half the wave-length
(λ/2) there between, alternately with a positive and negative phase difference F2-F1,
F3-F2, F4-F3,..., FN-FN-1. In order to obtain a cosecant pattern at least once two
adjacent phases differences from a set of F2-F1, F3-F2, F4-F3,..., FN-FN-1 have the
same direction of change, all the phases F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN being normalized
to a range from 0° to 360°. It means that the sequence of alternating change of relative
phase F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN is disturbed by introducing at least one monotonic change
sequence of the phase F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN of at least two consecutive RAD radiators.
[0025] In the case of a smaller number of levels (for example 8 levels) such interference
occurs singly and occurs at one of the ends of the AN antenna array. In the case of
a larger number of levels (e.g. 16 levels) in the AN antenna array there may be several
sections of the oscillating change of phase differences F1-F2, F3-F2, F4-F3, ...,
FN-FN-1, preferably, each of these sections has different amplitudes of changes (larger,
smaller, etc.), and the sections are separated by a monotonic change in two consecutive
differences of the phases from a set of F1-F2, F3-F2, F4-F3, ..., FN-FN-1.
[0026] Differences of phases F2-F1, F3-F2, F4-F3,..., FN-FN-1 as to the absolute value are
not the same, in other words, the change amplitude of the relative phases F1, F2,
F3, F4, ..., FN between consecutive RAD radiators is not the same, although an embodiment
is possible with the same amplitude of differences of phases F2-F1 F3-F2, F4-F3, ...,
FN-FN-1. The excitation amplitudes A1, A2, A3, A4, ..., AN are preferably the same,
but embodiments are possible with different excitation amplitudes A1, A2, A3, A4,
..., AN.
[0027] RAD radiators of the AN antenna array may operate in any polarisation. A solution
according to the invention can be applied to any AN antenna array with RAD radiators
disposed in the AN antenna array.
[0028] A method and system of feeding the AN antenna array according to the invention may
apply to both the linear array (e.g. for cellular base station antennas) and vertical
patterns of the planar array (e.g. radar antennas or base stations antennas with a
number of beams in the horizontal plane).
[0029] In the embodiments described below a method and system of feeding the AN antenna
array will be presented for the linear AN antenna array, positioned vertically, which
is typical for cellular base station antennas. Other arrangement of RAD radiators
and AN antenna array is possible. However, in any case, for each independent AN antenna
assembly levels (bays) of radiators can be picked up and fed according to a proposed
solution.
[0030] Presented method and feeding arrangement of the AN antenna array will allow to achieve
a vertical radiation pattern in the AN antenna array of a shape close to a cosecant
pattern. The applied solution can be used to achieve a radiation cosecant pattern
required by the range of angles required by a given radiocommunication system (elevation
and azimuth).
[0031] In the embodiments of the method and feeding arrangement of the AN antenna array
presented in fig. 2, RAD radiators are arranged in a regular distribution in the vertical
polarisation and arranged one above the other. It shows three embodiments, each with
a different number of RAD radiators, with 8, 16 and 24 levels. In the preferred embodiment
there should be an even number of RAD radiators, such as 10, 12, 14, 18, 20, 22, 26,
etc. In other embodiments, AN antenna arrays with up to 72 or more RAD radiators are
used. An odd number of RAD radiators is also permissible.
[0032] Fig. 3 presents the embodiments of the method and feeding arrangement of three linear
AN antenna arrays with RAD radiators operating in two frequency ranges (f = 900 MHz
and 2f = 1800 MHz) and two polarisations (+45° and -45°) at 8, 16 and 24 levels, respectively.
Each of three embodiments of fig. 3 has generally 4 independent AN antenna arrays:
- an AN antenna array in +45° polarisation at frequency f (thin line, RAD radiators
inclined to the right);
- an AN antenna array in -45° polarisation at frequency f (thin line, RAD radiators
inclined to the left);
- an AN antenna array in +45° polarisation at frequency 2f (thick line, RAD radiators
inclined to the right);
- an AN antenna array in -45° polarisation at frequency 2f (thick line, RAD radiators
inclined to the left);
[0033] For each of 4 independent AN antenna assemblies independent vertical radiation pattern
shaping is possible, but from a practical point of view in all cases, the most desirable
is a cosecant pattern. In this embodiment differentiation of the geometrical arrangement
of RAD radiators is used for each of 4 independent AN antenna assemblies, to some
extent brought about by placing antennas at frequency f and 2f in the same location.
In the case of the AN antenna array at frequency f, in a reproducible manner distances
between the levels (bays) are changing every two levels. Also, the spacing of radiators
from the vertical axis of the AN antenna array changes every second levels.
[0034] In the embodiment of the method and feeding arrangement of the AN antenna array of
fig. 3 RAD radiators are arranged in a reproducible manner, at frequency f in 2 and
at frequency 2f in 4 various configurations, in the AN antenna array for frequency
f there are two alternating distances and in the AN antenna array for frequency 2f
three sequentially repeating distances in the vertical direction. Furthermore, there
is little separation of the RAD radiator position in the horizontal direction.
[0035] Basic vertical radiation pattern shaping for obtaining a cosecant pattern is performed
by changing the phases F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN of individual levels of the AN antenna
array. In the basic embodiment only the diversity of the phases F1, F2, F3, F4, ...,
FN is applied, and the excitation amplitudes A1, A2, A3, A4, ..., AN are the same,
but in other embodiments differentiated excitation amplitudes A1, A2, A3, A4, ...,
AN may be used, resulting in a near-perfect compliance of obtained patterns with a
cosecant pattern. Because mentioned embodiments apply presently typical geometry of
AN antenna arrays with RAD radiators in -45° and +45° polarisations, fig. 3, so two
independent AN antenna arrays are operating at frequency f, therefore also the geometry
of distributing successive RAD radiators of each AN antenna array is not regular,
in the strict sense.
[0036] Fig. 4 presents a pattern of phases F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN for AN antenna array
composed of 8 levels with RAD radiators, for frequency f = 900 MHz and +45° polarisation.
In figures with field strength distribution as a function of the distance from the
antenna (fig. 6, 9 and 12) electrical means of AN antenna arrays are at a height of
25 m above ground level (agl), and the calculations were made at a height of 1.5 m
above ground level. According to the method and feeding arrangement of the AN antenna
array the levels are fed in order from the first level (lowermost) to the level 8
(highest), as follows:
Level 1: 10°;
Level 2: 67.9°;
Level 3: 95.8°;
Level 4: 63.9°;
Level 5: 125.6°;
Level 6: 56.1°;
Level 7: 124.7°;
Level 8: 19.0°;
[0037] In the embodiment of the method and feeding arrangement, the system of phases distribution
F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN is alternating (positive and negative) and the differences
of the phases F2-F1, F3-F2, F4-F3,..., FN-FN-1 between consecutive levels differ in
amplitude. Additionally, there is one disturbance of the oscillating nature of changes
of consecutive phase differences F2-F1, F3-F2, F4-F3, ..., FN-FN-1- between the levels
1 and 2 (F2-F1) and 2 and 3 (F3-F2) - the direction of changes is the same, in this
case positive, which means that two consecutive phase differences F2-F1 and F3-F2,
change monotonically (they are positive). Application of this method and feeding arrangement,
allows obtaining the pattern close to a cosecant pattern, shown in fig. 5 and 6, wherein
a pattern of the above-mentioned AN antenna array is almost identical to the ideal
cosecant pattern, and the distribution of normalized field strength value (solid line
in fig. 6) is close to the horizontal straight line. Due to relatively small number
of RAD radiators (only 8) the pattern still deviates from the cosecant pattern, i.e.
a horizontal line, however, variation of the field strength is considerably reduced.
[0038] Fig. 7 presents a system of phases distribution F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN for the AN
antenna array comprising 16 levels with RAD radiators in +45° polarisation. This system
corresponds to the middle panel of fig. 3. Half of RAD radiators, drawn thin line,
inclined by 45° (in the figure similar to the mark "/") operated in +45° polarisation.
Distances between individual levels are not the same (in this case, two different
distances occur alternately). There is also the radiators shift in the horizontal
plane (left and right of the vertical axis of the panel).
[0039] In the embodiment of the method and feeding arrangement, excitation amplitudes A1,
A2, A3, A4, ..., AN of all RAD radiators are the same. Individual levels with RAD
radiators are fed in order from the first level (lowermost) to the level 16 (highest),
as follows:
Level 1: 40°; |
Level 9: 172.2°; |
Level 2: 104.5°; |
Level 10: 95.8°; |
Level 3: 121.3°; |
Level 11: 176.6°; |
Level 4: 101.0°; |
Level 12: 81.9°; |
Level 5: 147.9°; |
Level 13: 180.1°; |
Level 6: 106.5°; |
Level 14: 77.4°; |
Level 7: 163.0°; |
Level 15: 142.8°; |
Level 8: 104.4°; |
Level 16: 16.4°; |
[0040] In the embodiment of the system of phases distribution F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN phase
differences F2-F1, F3-F2, F4-F3,..., FN-FN-1 are alternately positive and negative
between consecutive levels, with variable amplitude of the differences, in the range
of 20 to 120 degrees. At the same time, there is one disturbance of the oscillating
nature of the phase differences F2-F1, F3-F2, F4-F3, ..., FN-FN-1- two consecutive
phase differences between the levels 1 and 2, F2-F1 and 2 and 3, F3-F2, have the same
direction of changes, in this case positive, which means that two consecutive phase
differences F2-F1 and F3-F2 change monotonically (they are positive).
[0041] 3 remaining AN antenna arrays, may be excited in the same way, out of 4 AN antenna
arrays, that may be performed at this antenna panel, i.e. RAD radiators in -45° polarisation
(second half of RAD radiators marked with a thin line) and one and the other half
of RAD radiators marked with a thick line (RAD radiators +45° "/" and RAD radiators
-45° "\", respectively). In the case of RAD radiators marked a thick line operating
frequency of the AN antenna array is essentially twice the operating frequency of
the AN antenna array with RAD radiators marked with a thin line.
[0042] Application of this method and feeding arrangement, allows obtaining the pattern
close to a cosecant pattern, shown in fig. 8 and 9, wherein a pattern of the above-mentioned
AN antenna array is almost identical to the ideal cosecant pattern, and the distribution
of normalized field strength value (solid line in fig. 9) is close to the horizontal
straight line. Due to the increase in the number of RAD radiators (and thus the number
of degrees of freedom), the resultant pattern is much closer to the cosecant pattern
than in the case of the AN antenna array with 8 levels (fig. 6).
[0043] Fig. 1 shows a feeding arrangement of the AN antenna array, comprising an array of
RAD radiators, which comprises N of RAD radiators. A feeding arrangement of the AN
antenna array is adapted to generate the differences of phases F2-F1, F3-F2, ...,
FN-FN-1 between RAD radiators and also the excitation amplitudes A1, A2, ..., AN which
can but do not need to be identical.
[0044] Consecutive RAD radiators are fed alternately with a positive and negative phase
difference F2-F1, F3-F2, F4-F3,..., FN-FN-1, and two adjacent phase differences from
a set of F2-F1, F3-F2, F4-F3,..., FN-FN-1 in at least one case have the same direction
of change, all the phases F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN being normalized to a range from
0° to 360°. It means that the sequence of alternating change of relative phases F1,
F2, F3, F4, ..., FN is disturbed by introducing at least one monotonic change sequence
of the phase in the set of phases F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN for at least two consecutive
RAD radiators.
[0045] In the case of a smaller number of levels (for example 8 levels) such interference
occurs singly and most often is located at one of the ends of the AN antenna. In the
case of a larger number of levels (e.g. 16 levels) in the AN antenna array there may
be several sections of the oscillating change of phase differences F2-F1, F3-F2, F4-F3,
..., FN-FN-1, preferably, each of these sections has different amplitudes of changes
(larger, smaller, etc.), and the sections are separated by a monotonic change in two
consecutive differences of the phases from a set of F2-F1, F3-F2, F4-F3, ..., FN-FN-1.
[0046] Phase differences F2-F1, F3-F2, F4-F3,..., FN-FN-1 as to the absolute value are not
the same, in other words, the change amplitude of the relative phases F1, F2, F3,
F4, ..., FN between consecutive RAD radiators is not the same, although an embodiment
is possible with the same amplitude of phase differences F2-F1 F3-F2, F4-F3, ...,
FN-FN-1. The excitation amplitudes A1, A2, A3, A4, ..., AN are preferably the same,
but embodiments are possible with different excitation amplitudes A1, A2, A3, A4,
..., AN.
[0047] A method and feeding arrangement of the AN antenna array mentioned above may apply
to both the linear array (e.g. for base station antennas) and the planar array (e.g.
radar antennas or base stations antennas with a number of beams in the horizontal
plane).
[0048] Two-dimensional AN antenna arrays are also possible: with the levels (columns) and
lines. Then each column is an antenna subarray and proposed solution may be applied
to each column (or only to the selected columns). Such a planar AN antenna array will
be applied in radar technology (radar antennas).
1. A method of feeding an antenna array, wherein all relative phases, normalized to a
range from 0° to 360°, of consecutive 8 radiators of the array are diverse and the
pattern is achieved similar to the cosecant pattern, wherein the radiators (RAD) are
fed as follows:
- first radiator (RAD) at 10°;
- second radiator (RAD) at 67.9°;
- third radiator (RAD) at 95.8°;
- fourth radiator (RAD) at 63.9°;
- fifth radiator (RAD) at 125.6°;
- sixth radiator (RAD) at 56.1°;
- seventh radiator (RAD) at 124.7°;
- eighth radiator (RAD) at 19.0°;
wherein the radiators (RAD) are preferably spaced at mutual distances of about half
the transmission wavelength.
2. A method of feeding an antenna array, wherein all relative phases, normalized to a
range from 0° to 360°, of consecutive 16 radiators of the array are diverse and the
pattern is achieved similar to the cosecant pattern, wherein the radiators (RAD) are
fed as follows:
- first radiator (RAD) at 40°;
- second radiator (RAD) at 104.5°;
- third radiator (RAD) at 121.3°;
- fourth radiator (RAD) at 101.0°;
- fifth radiator (RAD) at 147.9°;
- sixth radiator (RAD) at 106.5°;
- seventh radiator (RAD) at 163.0°;
- eighth radiator (RAD) at 104.4°;
- ninth radiator (RAD) at 172.2°;
- tenth radiator (RAD) at 95.8°;
- eleventh radiator (RAD) at 176.6°;
- twelfth radiator (RAD) at 81.9°;
- thirteenth radiator (RAD) at 180.1°;
- fourteenth radiator (RAD) at 77.4°;
- fifteenth radiator (RAD) at 142.8°;
- sixteenth radiator (RAD) at 16.4°;
wherein the radiators (RAD) are preferably spaced at mutual distances of about half
the transmission wavelength.
3. Feed method according to any one of claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the radiators (RAD) are fed with the same or with varying excitation amplitude (A1,
A2, A3, A4, ..., AN).
4. An antenna array feeding arrangement comprising an array of 8 radiators, wherein the
radiators (RAD) are fed as follows:
- first radiator (RAD) at 10°;
- second radiator (RAD) at 67.9°;
- third radiator (RAD) at 95.8°;
- fourth radiator (RAD) at 63.9°;
- fifth radiator (RAD) at 125.6°;
- sixth radiator (RAD) at 56.1°;
- seventh radiator (RAD) at 124.7°;
- eighth radiator (RAD) at 19.0°;
wherein the radiators (RAD) are preferably spaced at mutual distances of about half
the transmission wavelength and all the phases being normalized to a range from 0°
to 360°.
5. An antenna array feeding arrangement comprising an array of 16 radiators, wherein
the radiators (RAD) are fed as follows:
- first radiator (RAD) at 40°;
- second radiator (RAD) at 104.5°;
- third radiator (RAD) at 121.3°;
- fourth radiator (RAD) at 101.0°;
- fifth radiator (RAD) at 147.9°;
- sixth radiator (RAD) at 106.5°;
- seventh radiator (RAD) at 163.0°;
- eighth radiator (RAD) at 104.4°;
- ninth radiator (RAD) at 172.2°;
- tenth radiator (RAD) at 95.8°;
- eleventh radiator (RAD) at 176.6°;
- twelfth radiator (RAD) at 81.9°;
- thirteenth radiator (RAD) at 180.1°;
- fourteenth radiator (RAD) at 77.4°;
- fifteenth radiator (RAD) at 142.8°;
- sixteenth radiator (RAD) at 16.4°;
wherein the radiators (RAD) are preferably spaced at mutual distances of about half
the transmission wavelength and all the phases (F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN) being normalized
to a range from 0° to 360°.
6. An antenna array feeding arrangement according to any one of claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that the radiators (RAD) are fed with the same or with varying excitation amplitude (A1,
A2, A3, A4, ..., AN).
1. Energieversorgungsverfahren eines Antennenarrays, wobei alle relative, auf einen Bereich
von 0° bis 360° normalisierte Phasen aufeinanderfolgender 8 Strahler des Arrays unterschiedlich
sind und es ein Diagramm ähnlich dem Cosecans-Diagramm erreicht wird, wobei die Strahler
(RAD) wie folgt versorgt werden:
- der erste Strahler (RAD) bei 10°;
- der zweite Strahler (RAD) bei 67,9°;
- der dritte Strahler (RAD) bei 95,8°;
- der vierte Strahler (RAD) bei 63,9°;
- der fünfte Strahler (RAD) bei 125,6°;
- der sechste Strahler (RAD) bei 56,1°;
- der siebte Strahler (RAD) bei 124,7°;
- der achte Strahler (RAD) bei 19,0°;
wobei die Strahler (RAD) vorzugsweise in gegenseitigen Abständen von etwa der halben
Sendewellenlänge angeordnet sind.
2. Energieversorgungsverfahren eines Antennenarrays, wobei alle relative, auf einen Bereich
von 0° bis 360° normalisierte Phasen aufeinanderfolgender 16 Strahler des Arrays unterschiedlich
sind und es ein Diagramm ähnlich dem Cosecans-Diagramm erreicht wird, wobei die Strahler
(RAD) wie folgt versorgt werden:
- der erste Strahler (RAD) bei 40°;
- der zweite Strahler (RAD) bei 104,5°;
- der dritte Strahler (RAD) bei 121,3°;
- der vierte Strahler (RAD) bei 101,0°;
- der fünfte Strahler (RAD) bei 147,9°;
- der sechste Strahler (RAD) bei 106,5°;
- der siebte Strahler (RAD) bei 163,0°;
- der achte Strahler (RAD) bei 104,4°;
- der neunte Strahler (RAD) bei 172,2°;
- der zehnte Strahler (RAD) bei 95,8°;
- der elfte Strahler (RAD) bei 176,6°;
- der zwölfte Strahler (RAD) bei 81,9°;
- der dreizehnte Strahler (RAD) bei 180,1°;
- der vierzehnte Strahler (RAD) bei 77,4°;
- der fünfzehnte Strahler (RAD) bei 142,8°;
- der sechzehnte Strahler (RAD) bei 16,4°;
wobei die Strahler (RAD) vorzugsweise in gegenseitigen Abständen von etwa der halben
Sendewellenlänge angeordnet sind.
3. Energieversorgungsverfahren nach einem der Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahler (RAD) mit gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Anregungsamplitude (A1, A2,
A3, A4, ..., AN) versorgt werden.
4. Energieversorgungssystem eines Antennenarrays umfassend ein Array von 8 Strahlern,
wobei die Strahler (RAD) wie folgt versorgt werden:
- der erste Strahler (RAD) bei 10°;
- der zweite Strahler (RAD) bei 67,9°;
- der dritte Strahler (RAD) bei 95,8°;
- der vierte Strahler (RAD) bei 63,9°;
- der fünfte Strahler (RAD) bei 125,6°;
- der sechste Strahler (RAD) bei 56,1°;
- der siebte Strahler (RAD) bei 124,7°;
- der achte Strahler (RAD) bei 19,0°;
wobei die Strahler (RAD) vorzugsweise in gegenseitigen Abständen von etwa der halben
Sendewellenlänge angeordnet sind und alle Phasen auf einen Bereich von 0° bis 360°
normalisiert sind.
5. Energieversorgungssystem eines Antennenarrays umfassend ein Array von 16 Strahlern,
wobei die Strahler (RAD) wie folgt versorgt werden:
- der erste Strahler (RAD) bei 40°;
- der zweite Strahler (RAD) bei 104,5°;
- der dritte Strahler (RAD) bei 121,3°;
- der vierte Strahler (RAD) bei 101,0°;
- der fünfte Strahler (RAD) bei 147,9°;
- der sechste Strahler (RAD) bei 106,5°;
- der siebte Strahler (RAD) bei 163,0°;
- der achte Strahler (RAD) bei 104,4°;
- der neunte Strahler (RAD) bei 172,2°;
- der zehnte Strahler (RAD) bei 95,8°;
- der elfte Strahler (RAD) bei 176,6°;
- der zwölfte Strahler (RAD) bei 81,9°;
- der dreizehnte Strahler (RAD) bei 180,1°;
- der vierzehnte Strahler (RAD) bei 77,4°;
- der fünfzehnte Strahler (RAD) bei 142,8°;
- der sechzehnte Strahler (RAD) bei 16,4°;
wobei die Strahler (RAD) vorzugsweise in gegenseitigen Abständen von etwa der halben
Sendewellenlänge angeordnet sind und alle Phasen (F1, F2, F3, F4, ..., FN) auf einen
Bereich von 0° bis 360° normalisiert sind.
6. Energieversorgungssystem eines Antennenarrays nach einem der Anspruch 4 oder Anspruch
5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahler (RAD) mit gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Anregungsamplitude (A1, A2,
A3, A4, ..., AN) versorgt werden.
1. Une méthode d'alimentation d'un réseau d'antennes, dans laquelle toutes les phases
relatives, normalisées à une gamme de 0° à 360°, des 8 radiateurs consécutifs du réseau
sont diverses, et le motif est réalisé similaire au motif à cosécante, dans laquelle
les radiateurs (RAD) sont alimentés de la manière suivante :
- premier radiateur (RAD) à 10° ;
- deuxième radiateur (RAD) à 67,9° ;
- troisième radiateur (RAD) à 95,8° ;
- quatrième radiateur (RAD) à 63,9° ;
- cinquième radiateur (RAD) à 125,6° ;
- sixième radiateur (RAD) à 56,1° ;
- septième radiateur (RAD) à 124,7° ;
- huitième radiateur (RAD) à 19,0° ;
dans laquelle les radiateurs (RAD) sont espacés de préférence à des distances mutuelles
d'environ la moitié de la longueur d'onde d'émission.
2. Une méthode d'alimentation d'un réseau d'antennes, dans laquelle toutes les phases
relatives, normalisées à une gamme de 0° à 360°, des 16 radiateurs consécutifs du
réseau sont diverses, et le motif est réalisé similaire au motif cosécante, dans laquelle
les radiateurs (RAD) sont alimentés de la manière suivante :
- premier radiateur (RAD) à 40° ;
- deuxième radiateur (RAD) à 104,5° ;
- troisième radiateur (RAD) à 121,3° ;
- quatrième radiateur (RAD) à 101,0° ;
- cinquième radiateur (RAD) à 147,9° ;
- sixième radiateur (RAD) à 106,5° ;
- septième radiateur (RAD) à 163,0° ;
- huitième radiateur (RAD) à 104,4° ;
- neuvième radiateur (RAD) à 172,2° ;
- dixième radiateur (RAD) à 95,8° ;
- onzième radiateur (RAD) à 176,6° ;
- douzième radiateur (RAD) à 81,9° ;
- treizième radiateur (RAD) à 180,1° ;
- quatorzième radiateur (RAD) à 77,4° ;
- quinzième radiateur (RAD) à 142,8° ;
- seizième radiateur (RAD) à 16,4° ;
dans laquelle les radiateurs (RAD) sont espacés de préférence à des distances mutuelles
d'environ la moitié de la longueur d'onde d'émission.
3. Méthode d'alimentation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les radiateurs (RAD) sont alimentés avec une amplitude d'excitation (A1, A2, A3,
A4, ..., AN) identique ou variable.
4. Un arrangement d'alimentation de réseau d'antennes comprenant un réseau de 8 radiateurs,
dans lequel les radiateurs (RAD) sont alimentés de la manière suivante :
- premier radiateur (RAD) à 10° ;
- deuxième radiateur (RAD) à 67,9° ;
- troisième radiateur (RAD) à 95,8° ;
- quatrième radiateur (RAD) à 63,9° ;
- cinquième radiateur (RAD) à 125,6° ;
- sixième radiateur (RAD) à 56,1° ;
- septième radiateur (RAD) à 124,7° ;
- huitième radiateur (RAD) à 19,0° ;
dans lequel les radiateurs (RAD) sont espacés de préférence à des distances mutuelles
d'environ la moitié de la longueur d'onde d'émission et toutes les phases étant normalisées
à une gamme de 0° à 360°.
5. Un arrangement d'alimentation de réseau d'antennes comprenant un réseau de 16 radiateurs,
dans lequel les radiateurs (RAD) sont alimentés de la manière suivante :
- premier radiateur (RAD) à 40° ;
- deuxième radiateur (RAD) à 104,5° ;
- troisième radiateur (RAD) à 121,3° ;
- quatrième radiateur (RAD) à 101,0° ;
- cinquième radiateur (RAD) à 147,9° ;
- sixième radiateur (RAD) à 106,5° ;
- septième radiateur (RAD) à 163,0° ;
- huitième radiateur (RAD) à 104,4° ;
- neuvième radiateur (RAD) à 172,2° ;
- dixième radiateur (RAD) à 95,8° ;
- onzième radiateur (RAD) à 176,6° ;
- douzième radiateur (RAD) à 81,9° ;
- treizième radiateur (RAD) à 180,1° ;
- quatorzième radiateur (RAD) à 77,4° ;
- quinzième radiateur (RAD) à 142,8° ;
- seizième radiateur (RAD) à 16,4° ;
dans lequel les radiateurs (RAD) sont espacés de préférence à des distances mutuelles
d'environ la moitié de la longueur d'onde d'émission et toutes les phases (F1, F2,
F3, F4, ..., FN) étant normalisées à une gamme de 0° à 360°.
6. Un arrangement d'alimentation de réseau d'antennes selon l'une quelconque des revendications
4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que les radiateurs (RAD) sont alimentés avec une amplitude d'excitation (A1, A2, A3,
A4, ..., AN) identique ou variable.