[0001] The present invention relates to a multi-layer protection panel and system for basement
walls. In more detail, said protection panel is of the composite type and integrates
different functions, it being intended to thermally insulate, drain, protect from
water and ventilate at the extrados the walls in contact with the ground, also with
a draining pocket for housing the longitudinal drainage pipe placed below; furthermore,
the invention describes a protection system for basement walls providing the use of
said panel.
[0002] The invention finds specific application in the building industry and in particular
in the sector of semi-finished components for building such as, as a non-exclusive
example, the insulating panels and the draining membranes for underground masonry
works.
[0003] In the field of the products for building the panels for thermal insulation are widely
known and widespread, which are also called insulating panels, and which are made
of a rigid and cheap material, of extremely reduced weight but with high insulating
efficiency, such as expanded polystyrene, also known by the English acronym EPS, or
extruded polystyrene, which is also known as XPS. Generally, said panels of EPS or
XPS are single-layer, having a thickness between 2 cm and 20 cm, and have smooth surfaces
and rabbeted side edges, that is to say, provided with complementary profile steps,
to be automatically aligned during laying and facilitate the continuous installation
of adjacent panels. Such panels are widely used at the extrados of vertical walls
and also in the interspaces between partition walls, in the floors and in the cover
pitches; in particular, the panels of XPS feature perfectly closed and uniform cells
and are more suitable where, in addition to the thermal-insulating power, one also
requires compressive strength and/or water repellency, as for example in case of underground
rooms or in inverted roofs.
[0004] Moreover, nowadays in the building sector different types of membranes are used,
having different purposes: for example, one should remember the vapour membranes,
the waterproofing bituminous membranes, the draining membranes, the geomembranes as
well as the separating sheets of non-woven fabric. In more detail, the waterproof
membranes of the thin type in the form of a smooth, single-layer plate, made of a
plastic material like polyethylene or polypropylene are widespread, which can be easily
applied on the screeds and on the floors to ensure watertightness or with a separating
function, below fragile coverings such as marble slabs, preventing cracks and detachments.
In particular, the membranes of the bossed type are known and widespread, that is
to say, thin, shaped plates with cavities and protrusions, for example cylindrical,
frusto-conical or shaped as a truncated pyramid, in such a way as to act as a spacer
between the layers and/or to compensate for any possible crushing; often, therefore,
such bossed membranes are used in underground buildings as a waterproofing and external
protection element, being arranged vertically at the extrados of basement rooms and
sometimes horizontally on the screeds.
[0005] In practical modern building it is also known and advantageous to apply a filtering
layer outside said bossed membranes, in adhesion on the head of said protrusions,
in such a way as to obtain a draining space that is particularly suitable in case
of vertical basement walls. Recently, to this purpose, some companies operating in
the building sector have launched on the market integrated solutions of thin and bossed
membranes that are efficiently pre-coupled with a filtering layer for the purpose
of drainage, for example of a water-permeable geotextile, such as a non-woven fabric
of polypropylene of the type called spunbonded or spunlace, being provided in one
single coil in the form of a draining and waterproofing membrane of the multi-layer
type. For example, see the product called TMD by the Italian company TeMa Technologies
and Materials, 31029 Vittorio Veneto TV,
www.temacorporation.com. Furthermore, one should also remember the draining geocomposites or geomats, made
up of a spacing core of polypropylene wires in the form of a mat or of a three-dimensional
geonet of polyethylene, with the filtering layer coupled on one or on both faces;
to this purpose, in particular, see the product called Qdrain by said Italian company
TeMa Technologies and Materials S.r.1., which also can be provided with a polyolefin
sheet of the waterproof type coupled on the face opposite to the filtering layer.
[0006] Among the most suitable materials for making said waterproof and bossed membranes
there are the resins of the type called olefins, and in particular said polyethylene,
which can be low-density, medium-density or also high-density, being respectively
called LDPE, MDPE and HDPE; as an alternative, said polypropylene, also known by the
acronym PP, or thermoplastic polyolefins, known by the acronym TPO, are suitable.
In some cases, polystyrene is also used, which is known by the acronym PS. Such raw
materials can be virgin or regenerated, the latter being derived from the recovery
of products in the post-production or post-consumption phase.
[0007] The operators of the building sector know that making a suitable protection for underground
rooms, by thermally insulating and draining water at the extrados, is an extremely
delicate operation that also affects comfort, maintenance costs and the duration of
the building. In fact, although the materials and the technologies for waterproofing
and draining are widespread, the known problem of allowing the transpiration of the
underground rooms and obtaining an effective ventilation at the extrados, in a natural
way, easily and with limited costs, in such a way as to simultaneously provide suitable
protection of the wall and also to solve the known problems of humidity, mould and
poor healthiness in underground rooms, has not been solved yet. Basically, a more
integrated solution with respect to the currently available solutions is not known
and is highly desirable, in the form of a modular and multifunction prefabricated
element, which simultaneously allows to thermally insulate, drain, protect from water
and also ventilate said basement wall, it being easy to be carried and laid, cheap,
safe, long-lasting, and also intended to limit the consumption of building material.
Prior art
[0008] For the purpose of determining the prior art related to the proposed solution, a
conventional check was made, searching public archives, which has led to find some
prior art documents, among which:
D1: DE3113807 (Hacker);
D2: EP0799939 (Graf et al.)
D3: DE19593489 (Kolossow);
D4: EP0874089 (Diehl)
D5: Viadrain, of the Italian company Geosintex S.r.l., via L. Da Vinci 12, I-36066
Sandrigo VI (www.geosintex.com);
D6: Jackodur KF300 Jackodrain, of the German company Jackon Insulation GmbH, Carl-Benz-Strasse
8, D-33803 Steinhagen (www.jackon-insulation.com);
D7: Gemadrain, of the Italian company Sirap Insulation S.r.l. - Soprema Group, via
Kennedy 54, 1-25028 Verolanuova BS (www.sirapinsulation.com).);
D8: US4730953 (Tarko).
[0009] The prior art document D1 describes an insulating panel of foamed material for underground
rooms which has a face provided with vertical grooves for the purpose of draining.
D2, on the other hand, proposes an improved solution of an insulating and draining
panel in which the smooth face is positioned adherent to a wall that has been previously
waterproofed with a bituminous sheath, while the opposite face, that is to say, at
the extrados, is provided with vertical draining grooves and is also frontally coupled
with a waterproof filtering layer in such a way as to facilitate the water flow below
the panel, where a holed drainage pipe is longitudinally arranged in a ballast.
[0010] D3 describes a multi-layer panel for insulating and draining basement walls, which
is of the composite type it being made up of an insulating plate of foamed polystyrene,
laterally rabbeted for the purposes of side-by-side positioning, which is externally
coupled with a rigid draining element formed by a thin, three-dimensionally shaped
layer, for example a bossed or waved fabric, which is filled on the back with mortar
of cement, sand and scrap material in such a way as to get harder and adhere to said
insulating plate; furthermore, a filtering layer is frontally joined, on the head
of the protrusions, in order to ensure drainage without obstructions.
[0011] D4, on the other hand, proposes a rigid plate of polystyrene of the back draining
type being provided with water draining grooves on the face facing the wall, wherein
said wall has been previously waterproofed; the opposite face facing the ground, that
is to say, at the extrados, is coupled with a larger filtering layer in such a way
as to skirt as a selvedge on two adjacent edges, that is to say, bordering each other,
to enable a partial overlapping of said filtering layer during the laying of adjacent
plates. Said draining grooves are provided in multiple configurations, for example,
in an orthogonal or diagonal grid; as an alternative, again for the purpose of draining
the face facing the wall, there are cylindrical elements that protrude like spacers.
Therefore, such a solution reverses the logic of drainage with respect to the above-described
panels, since the plates are substantially adjacent to a basement protection barrier,
while on the back there is a conventional waterproofing of the wall and the installation
of the conventional holed draining pipe in the ballast is also provided.
[0012] D5 is a particular solution of trench longitudinal drainage, consisting of a draining
core of a diamond meshed three-dimensional geonet, of high-density polyethylene wires,
enclosed between two filtering layers of a material of the non-woven geotextile type,
welded to each other in such a way as to form a pocket intended to house a slotted
draining pipe.
[0013] Finally, D6 and D7 are two similar solutions of a multi-layer panel for basement
walls, of the insulating and draining type, made up of an insulating plate of extruded
polystyrene that has a smooth surface facing the wall, and, on the other hand, on
the face facing outwards, is coupled with a draining element consisting of a bossed
membrane of HDPE that in its turn is coupled at the extrados with a filtering layer
of a material of the geotextile type, being facing the ground. Said plate of polystyrene
is laterally rabbeted for the purpose of laying continuity, in such a way as to be
laid aligned and adherent to the surrounding elements; said filtering layer is skirting
on one side as a selvedge in order to enable partial overlapping and protect said
draining element from obstructions. For the building sector D8 proposes an insulating,
waterproofing and draining panel of the multi-layer type, consisting of a plastic
sheet, which acts as a waterproofing core with raised portions and valleys, which
leads the water downwards to a slotted draining pipe; on the inner surface of said
sheet, that is to say, on the side against the wall, there is polymeric foam thermally
insulating material, while on the opposite side, that is to say, on the heads of said
raised portions, there is a pervious fabric. Such an insulating panel is adhesively
applied to the foundation wall, being joined to the adjacent panels by means of an
interlocking joint. D8 discloses the features of the preamble of claim 1.
[0014] Therefore, it is reasonable to consider as known the solutions of panels or membranes
for insulating and/or draining and/or externally waterproofing underground buildings,
which provide:
- a rigid and smooth single-layer panel, of an insulating material such as XPS, which
is also laterally rabbeted to facilitate continuous side-by-side positioning;
- a thin and smooth waterproof sheet, of a plastic material;
- a sheet of the bossed type, with protrusions of cylindrical, frusto-pyramidal or frusto-conical
shape;
- filtering layers frontally associated with said bossed sheet, in such a way that the
permeated fluids flow in the interspace created by said bosses, as a waterproof and
draining membrane;
- draining and filtering elements for underground structures, where a geomat of wires
or a geonet with three-dimensional development acts as a spacing element interposed
between non-woven synthetic filtering layers, forming permeable layers that if necessary
are combined at the back with impermeable layers;
- a waterproof barrier of the bituminous type heat applied directly at the extrados
of underground walls or foundations;
- an insulating panel comprising grooves for the vertical drainage of water, which are
alternatively integrated on the front surface, that is to say, against the ground,
or on the back surface, that is to say, in contact with the waterproofed wall for
a drainage of the reverse type, and wherein a filtering layer in contact with the
ground is also provided;
- a multi-layer protection panel, wherein the insulating-layer is foamed and smooth
and has the face facing the ground coupled with a three-dimensional draining body
of fabric, filled on the back with rigid mortar and frontally coupled with a basement
filtering layer;
- a multi-layer insulating and draining panel in which a smooth plate of XPS is externally
coupled with a draining element consisting of a bossed membrane of HDPE with a front
filtering layer of geotextile skirting on one side, with respect to said plate and
said bossed waterproof layer, as a selvedge;
- a composite element as a filtering and draining pocket, for housing a draining pipe
inside trenches in the ground.
Drawbacks
[0015] In conclusion, we have observed that the described solutions have some drawbacks
or, anyway, some limits.
[0016] In general, the above-mentioned panels provide mechanical protection and allow to
thermally insulate underground rooms but, however, do not perform properly and in
an integrated way, that is to say, simultaneously, the functions of draining, waterproofing
and ventilation of the basement wall. Furthermore, it has been observed that the solutions
currently available on the market are not easy as far as laying is concerned, they
being improvable in their coupling logic and in the sealing of adjacent elements.
[0017] In fact, it is known that the vertical draining grooves in an insulating panel of
expanded polystyrene can get clogged if positioned against the ground and without
a filtering layer, and can also get easily squeezed since the foamed material is subjected
to the lateral pressure of the ground, as for example in D1 and D2; such problems
locally limit drainage and sometimes are the cause of infiltrations and humidity in
underground rooms. Among the solutions of insulating panels that integrate at the
front an effective draining layer with protrusions and a filtering layer, wherein
the back of said protrusions is also filled with mortar of cement as for example in
D3, it has been observed that said filling unnecessarily increases the weight and
the cost of the panel, and also that the three-dimensionally shaped fabric is difficult
to process and does not guarantee waterproofing. Nowadays, such a solution is considered
as obsolete and inadequate because such a draining layer can be easily replaced with
a modern bossed membrane, of plastic material having a small thickness and suitable
resistance for application, improving its behaviour, function and long-lastingness.
[0018] At present, among the most effective solutions of insulating panels present on the
market, as the multi-layer panels with a bossed plastic membrane as in D6 and D7 or
D8, it has been observed that they simplify laying against the ground since they are
lightweight, laterally rabbeted, externally waterproof and also with the external
filtering layer that skirts to ensure continuity at the extrados; however, such panels
do not provide sufficient protection from the water of the underground wall, there
being in any case vertical interruptions of the waterproof layer, that is to say,
in the underground portion of wall corresponding to the width of the panel from the
ground level and up to the lower drainage pipe. The external taping between the plates,
in fact, does not prevent the drain water that falls vertically from penetrating from
the edges of the panel and wetting the corresponding wall portion, therefore it is
necessary in any case to preliminarily waterproof the whole underground wall, for
example by means of a conventional application of a priming layer and a bituminous
layer, implying long times and high costs.
[0019] Furthermore, the operators of the sector know that the slotted pipe, longitudinally
laid below said draining layer, must be placed in a ballast for the purpose of ensuring
operating efficiency and in order not to get clogged; it has also been observed that
the modern prefabricated draining devices for trenches, of the filtering pocket type,
in which said slotted pipe is housed below a draining core enclosed between two filtering
layers as for example in D5 or D8 , could contribute to limiting the costs connected
with the supply and laying of said ballast but, however, they are expensive to purchase
and are also redundant in the sizes and in the function if partially superimposed
to other draining and/or filtering elements, as can occur in combination with the
above-described panels. Furthermore, in said known solutions, the side coupling between
the panels can be improved, both for the purposes of greater waterproofing and draining
and for greater laying comfort, in correspondence of said filtering pocket as well.
[0020] Furthermore, as to the conventional solutions available on the market, it has been
observed that insulating and draining panels are not known that also allow to efficiently
ventilate said basement wall, for a healthy transpiration outwards, as on the other
hand occurs for above ground masonries; in particular, it has been observed that the
need to preliminarily waterproof the external surface of the wall makes any solution
of ventilation from outside ineffective, as for example would occur if cavities open
towards the surface to be ventilated were integrated in said insulating panel. To
this purpose, one should remember the insulating panel with reverse drainage as for
example in D4, that is to say, provided with grooves on the back surface that are
positioned behind the wall to drain downwards the water that if necessary is drawn
from the opposite face, directly against the ground, that substantially acts as a
protection barrier; in this case, in fact, said grooves do not serve in any way to
ventilate but only to drain, since the water is in direct contact with the external
surface of the wall which, therefore, must be previously waterproofed. Furthermore,
with such a draining solution there is a greater risk of infiltrations. On the other
hand, it is well known that the conventional solutions in which the insulating and
waterproofing panels have a flat adhesion surface, which is directly glued to the
foundation wall, as for example in D8, prevent transpiration.
[0021] Therefore, there is the need for the companies of the sector to find some optimal
solutions for obtaining the following aims.
Summary of the invention
[0022] These and other aims are achieved by the present invention according to the characteristics
of claim 1, solving the mentioned problems by means of a multi-layer protection panel
(10) for basement walls (20), made up of three layers (101-3) coupled in such a way
as to thermally insulate, drain, protect from water and also ventilate at extrados
the wall; it is made up of a first insulating layer (101) of XPS with vertical ventilation
channels (104) on the back face, a second draining layer (102) consisting of a bossed
plastic membrane, and a third filtering layer (103) consisting of a geotextile. Said
second and third layer, being flexible, frontally skirt above and below the insulating
layer as an upper selvedge (107) and a lower selvedge (108), for protection purposes
and for transpiration; on the front face, in combination with said lower selvedge,
a filtering pocket (105) open from the bottom is frontally integrated, for the housing
of the holed pipe (40) of longitudinal drainage. Furthermore, a protection system
for basement walls that provides the use of said panel (10) is described.
Aims
[0023] By the considerable creative contribution, the effect of which constitutes an immediate
technical progress, several aims are achieved.
[0024] Firstly, the protection panel proposed by the invention allows to simultaneously
and easily:
- thermally insulate underground rooms;
- drain rainwater preventing it from getting into contact with the basement wall, and
thus creating a substantial and effective external waterproofing, where all the drained
water is conveyed in vertical continuity downwards and up to the holed pipe of longitudinal
drainage;
- create ventilation on the external surface of said basement wall, allowing it to transpire,
with greater healthiness for the inhabitants of the basements, greater comfort, longer
duration of the structures, less maintenance problems, less humidity and/or moulds.
The configuration of the invention, in particular, overcomes the conventional need
to preliminarily apply on said wall the waterproofing layers, like the known and widespread
bituminous layers that, by sealing the surface, prevent transpiration outwards.
[0025] Secondly, the proposed solution is considerably easier as far as laying is concerned
and cheaper, with respect to the known and conventional solutions, to obtain efficient
mechanical protection, thermal insulation, drainage, protection from water and ventilation
of the basement walls.
[0026] Thirdly, the rigid insulating layer is more protected from above against infiltrations
and/or obstructions of the ground, since the front draining and filtering layers are
larger with respect to the rigid insulating layer, to skirt above and be joined to
a head section intended to fix them; simultaneously, by this solution humid air is
allowed to go back behind the panel and exit from above, for a healthy and natural
ventilation.
[0027] Fourthly, the conventional ballast, that is provided at the base of the wall, or
outside the wall footing, for housing the holed pipe of longitudinal drainage, has
been eliminated, or considerably reduced; to this purpose, in the invention the front
draining and filtering layers are larger to skirt below the rigid insulating plate
and up to below said holed pipe, substantially forming a draining pocket that is intended
to house it, keeping it in the correct position and protecting it from any infiltrations
and/or obstructions.
[0028] These and other advantages will appear from the following detailed description of
some preferred embodiments with the aid of the enclosed schematic drawings whose details
are not to be considered limitative but only illustrative, wherein the invention is
limited by the appended claims.
Content of the drawings
[0029]
Figure 1 is an axonometric view of the protection panel according to the invention,
in which the front layers are partially shown in order to facilitate understanding.
Figure 2 is an axonometric view of the protection panel according to the invention,
shown with the upper and lower selvedge in the configuration of use and adjacent in
continuity to a second panel identical to it but horizontally sectioned to facilitate
understanding.
Figure 3 is an axonometric view of the protection panel according to the invention
in the configuration of use, also with the head fixing section, and the holed pipe
of longitudinal drainage in the filtering pocket, below.
Figures 4a and 4b are cross-sections, that is to say, horizontal, of the protection
panel according to the invention, according to the section line X1-X1 of Fig. 5, where
in 4a the layers are joined as a prefabricated product while in 4b said layers are
separate, that is to say, before assembly.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section, that is to say, vertical, of the protection panel
according to the invention shown below the ground, laid behind the underground room
according to a protection system that provides the use of adjacent panels, with said
fixing section and said holed pipe of drainage in the filtering pocket, as in Fig.
3; hatched boxes, named VI and VII respectively, refer to the enlarged details as
in Figures 6a-b and 7a-b.
Figures 6a and 6b are enlarged details, as in box VI of Fig. 5, in which 6a is a section
while 6b is an axonometric view.
Figures 7a and 7b are enlarged details, as in box VII of Fig. 5, where 7a is a section
while 7b is an axonometric view.
Practical realization of the invention
[0030] Also with reference to the figures (Figures 1-7) the present invention relates to
an innovative multi-layer protection panel (10) for basement walls (20), that is to
say, substantially vertical building structures and in contact with the ground, and
to the protection system that makes use of said panel (10). The proposed solution
allows, in an easy and economical way, to thermally insulate, drain, protect from
water and from external stresses, and also to ventilate at extrados the external wall
of an underground room (201-2) (Fig. 5). Said panel (10) is of the composite type,
comprising multiple layers pre-coupled with each other as a prefabricated element;
in particular, it is made up of a first insulating layer (101), consisting of a rigid
plate of XPS with particular ventilation channels (104) on the back face, a second
layer (102) of the draining type consisting of a bossed plastic membrane, and a third
filtering layer (103) consisting of a geotextile; said second and third layer, being
flexible, skirting frontally above and below the insulating plate forming an upper
selvedge (107) and a lower selvedge (108) respectively, for protection purposes and
for transpiration. On the front face, in combination with said lower selvedge, a filtering
pocket (105) open from the bottom is integrated, for the housing of the holed pipe
(40) of longitudinal drainage, instead of the conventional ballast (Figures 1, 3).
[0031] It can observed that by the proposed solution one does not obtain real ventilation,
since no air enters, but an efficient ventilation of the wall is obtained because
in the channels there is a pressure movement that tends to equalize the pressure inside
the underground rooms (202) with the external pressure, at the ground level (301)
or at a depth (302) close to it where said pressure is substantially equal to the
outside. Therefore, for the purposes of the invention, the head fixing of the panel
must not necessarily be above ground level but can be a little below it, for example
at a depth of some centimetres, in such a way as to hide the panel from view and also
to prevent water from entering (Fig. 6a).
[0032] It can be observed, moreover, that said protection panel (10) has such a length as
to cover in height the wall to be drained, eliminating the horizontal joints that
may cause some infiltrations in the course of time; laterally, on the other hand,
each panel is jointed, it being of the modular type. The proposed protection system,
therefore, cannot be defined as waterproof; however, the invention frontally provides
high protection from water in vertical continuity and up to the draining pipe placed
below the wall, following without interruptions the natural flow of the liquid, and
also enables said ventilation at the back. To this purpose, the invention provides
not to seal at the extrados the underground wall, avoiding for example the laying
of the conventional waterproof bituminous layers, and enables transpiration.
[0033] In particular, said first insulating layer (101) is in correspondence of the back
face (116) of the panel, to be laid behind the wall (20), and consists of a rigid
plate of XPS wherein the back face (116) is provided with multiple ventilation channels
(104) parallel to each other and arranged vertically at full height, that is to say,
from the lower edge (114) to the upper edge (113), in such a way as to be placed in
direct contact with the external surface (201) of said wall creating space for transpiration;
it can be observed that such a ventilation system is created by means of a pressure
variation inside said channels (104) and up to the upper end of the panel (101-3)
(Figures 1, 4a-b). Said first insulating layer (101) has a continuous rabbet (109)
of the male-female type in the two opposite vertical sides (115), for high lateral
waterproofing in case of adjacent panels (10) (Figures 1-2).
[0034] Said second layer (102) consists of a thin bossed membrane of HDPE, which is joined
on the smooth front of said first layer (101) in such a way as to keep the protrusions
or bosses (106) facing the ground (117, 30). On the other hand, said third layer (103)
is of the filtering type and consists of a geotextile, that is to say, a water-permeable
fabric of artificial material that is characterised by tensile strength and is used
to improve the geotechnical characteristics of soils; it is frontally joined on the
head of said bosses (106) to form a draining space in correspondence of the front
face (117), that is to say, facing the ground (30) (Figures 1, 4a-b).
[0035] In more detail as to the invention (10), the second layer (102) and the third layer
(103) are joined to each other as a draining and flexible membrane, have a width (L)
equal to that of said first layer (101), that is to say, laterally aligned, and have,
on the other hand, a greater height (H) with respect to it (101) skirting above (113)
and below (114) to form an upper selvedge (107) and a lower selvedge (108) respectively
in such a way as to convey the water downwards in vertical draining continuity, from
a height close to the ground level (301-2) and up to the base of the wall (20), that
is to say, where the housing of a holed pipe (40) of longitudinal drainage is provided.
To this purpose, said upper selvedge (102-3,107) protrudes by at least 15 cm from
the upper edge (113) of the first layer (101) in such a way as to adapt to the wall
and to said first insulating layer and so as to be joined by means a fixing section
(50) of the step-like type, intended to be laid at a depth close to the ground level,
for protection from backfilling and from water and also to allow behind the wall (20,
201) said pressure variation (Figures 1-3).
[0036] Said lower selvedge (108), on the other hand, extends downwards for at least 20 cm
from the lower edge (114) of the first layer (101) and up to the provided draining
depth, that is to say, in correspondence of the holed pipe (40) of longitudinal drainage
that is conventionally laid at the base of the underground structures, often around
the wall footing (203) (Figures 5, 7a-b); in particular, it can be observed that said
drainage is at full height, in vertical continuity, that is to say, from said section
(50) and up to said holed pipe (40), wherein said lower selvedge (108) enables a partial
winding from behind of said pipe (40) to convey directly to it all the water drained
from the panel (10) with a vertical flow from the top downwards, like a drainpipe
(Figures 1-3, 5).
[0037] Furthermore, said panel (10) integrates at the front a filtering pocket (105) for
said holed pipe (40), open from the bottom, of a geotextile that is partially superimposed
to said third layer (103) in correspondence of said lower selvedge (108) and welded
to it only on the upper edge (110) in such a way as to protrude from the bottom to
enable a partial winding from the front of said holed pipe (40) that is laid between
them (105, 108), which act in combination from the front and from the back respectively,
draining the overlying ground (112) instead of a housing on gravel (Figures 2-3, 5,
7a-b).
[0038] In more detail as to the preferred embodiment of the invention, said first, second
and third layer (101-3) have a width (L) of 60 cm, net of said rabbet (109), with
an overall thickness (S3) of 60 mm wherein said first layer (101, S1) is of 50 mm
and the front draining layers (102-3, S2) are of 10 mm as a whole. The layer of geotextile
that forms said pocket (105) has in-plane dimensions of 65 cm of width and 50 cm of
height, wherein the pocket is 5 cm wider than the underlying layers (101-3) to protrude
from one side as a lateral selvedge (111) and overlap in filtering continuity the
pocket of an adjacent panel (10). Said ventilation channels (104) have, individually,
cross-section sizes of 5 mm x 5 mm, with a distance between centres between the channels
of 40 mm.
[0039] Tests have demonstrated that the above-mentioned preferred values, with a tolerance
of +/- 20%, are particularly advantageous from a point of view of technical performances,
of industrial production, of transport and laying; however, it will be evident to
a person skilled in the art that the proposed solution can be adapted to various configurations,
also with different sizes with respect to those indicated. As to the thickness of
the panel (10), in fact, an insulating layer (101) having a thickness (S1) between
20 mm and 200 mm is suitable for invention; for example, nowadays, for similar uses,
panels of XPS having a standard thickness of 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm, 100
mm or 120 mm are used. Likewise, said draining and filtering layers (102-3) can have
thicknesses (S2) other than the preferred ones indicated above, being for example
greater or smaller to be adapted to particular environmental conditions. For the purposes
of the invention, the overall height of the panel, comprising the rigid part (H),
the flexible selvedges (107-8) and the filtering pocket (105), is substantially equal
to the provided draining depth and such as to cover the underground wall (20, 201-2)
at full height, that is to say, from the section (50) of fixing to the holed pipe
(40) of longitudinal drainage. For example (Figures 1, 3, 5), the height (H) of the
rigid layer (101) can be between 140 cm and 320 cm wherein one generally provides
values of about 160 cm for the partially underground rooms (202) (Fig. 5) or about
280 cm for the completely underground ones, to which one must add the height of said
selvedges (107-8) which is of at least 15 cm and 20 cm respectively, and the height
of the skirting part of the pocket (105) that is of about 30 cm for the purpose of
enabling an easy winding of said pipe (40) in combination with the lower selvedge
(108).
[0040] From an industrial production point of view, said second and third layer (102-3)
can advantageously be joined by means of heat coupling; on the other hand, said first
and second layer (102-3) can be joined by means of the application of adhesive. Finally,
said pocket can be welded by heat deposition of a rectilinear band of bitumen (110)
(Figures 1, 4a-b).
[0041] In the present description of the invention said second layer (102) is a bossed membrane
of HDPE acting simultaneously as a spacing element and as a waterproof membrane, for
the purpose of draining; moreover, it protects from external mechanical stresses and
simplifies the coupling with the other layers, both on the front and on the back,
having even supporting surfaces on both faces. Therefore, it was observed that such
a solution is particularly effective, economical and easy to be produced industrially.
As an alternative to said bossed membrane, where required by particular production
needs, an equivalent solution of the composite type is provided, as a spacing core
pre-coupled with a waterproof sheet; for example, the draining geocomposites of single
wires of PP or the three-dimensional geonets of HDPE, which at the front are coupled
with said third filtering layer (103) of geotextile and at the back are joined to
a polyolefin sheet, which in its turn is coupled at the back with said first insulating
layer (101) of XPS, are suitable for invention.
[0042] Therefore, an advantageous protection system for basement walls (20) is described
that provides the use of the above-described multi-layer protection panel (10), to
thermally insulate, drain, protect from water and also ventilate at the extrados an
underground room (202) (Figures 1-3, 5-7). This system provides, in particular:
- a) the laying of multiple protection panels (10) (Figures 1-2), identical to each
other, having said three insulating-draining-filtering layers (101-3), said ventilation
channels (104), said upper and lower selvedges (102-3, 107-8) so as to protect at
the extrados the whole surface of the underground wall (20, 201) and convey the drained
water downwards, in vertical continuity and without joints, directly up to the holed
pipe (40);
- b) a filtering pocket (105) open from the bottom, of geotextile, which is joined and
partially superimposed to said third layer (103) of each panel (10) to drain said
holed pipe (40), enabling its winding in combination with said lower selvedge (102-3,
108); said pocket (105) protruding from one side as a lateral selvedge (111) to overlap
in filtering continuity said pocket (105) of an adjacent panel (10);
- c) a continuous side rabbet (109), of the male-female type, in the two vertical sides
(115) opposite to each other of the first layer (101) of each panel (10), in such
a way as to obtain high waterproofing between adjacent panels (10);
- d) a section (50) of the step-like type (Figures 3, 5, 6a-b) which joins and fixes
at the head to said wall (20, 201), in horizontal continuity, the upper selvedges
(107) of the adjacent panels (10, 109), being mounted at a depth (302) close to the
ground level (301); and wherein said profile (50) and said selvedges (102-3, 107)
protect frontally (117) and from above from water and from backfilling, and also enable
said pressure variation on the back face (116), that is to say, behind the underground
wall (20, 201);
- e) a partial winding of said holed pipe (40) with the lower selvedge (108), from the
back and towards the front, to longitudinally collect the drained water (Figures 3,
5, 7a-b);
- f) a partial winding of said holed pipe (40) with said filtering pocket (105), from
the front and backwards, in such a way as to filter the ground and obtain internal
space (112) above the pipe (40), facilitating drainage; and wherein said filtering
pocket (105) acts in combination with said lower selvedge (108), partially overlapping
it below the pipe (40) (Fig. 7a);
- g) a vertical taping (60) from the outside in correspondence of said rabbet (109,
115), at full height (Fig. 2).
Reference:
[0043]
(10) protection panel for basement walls;
(101) first layer, of the insulating type of XPS;
(102) second layer, of the draining type;
(103) third layer, of the filtering type;
(104) ventilation channel;
(105) filtering pocket open from the bottom, of geotextile;
(106) protrusion or boss;
(107) upper selvedge;
(108) lower selvedge;
(109) continuous rabbet with male-female interlocking;
(110) pocket fixing welding;
(111) lateral selvedge of the filtering pocket;
(112) space inside the pocket, for drainage;
(113) upper edge of the first layer;
(114) lower edge of the first layer;
(115) side edge;
(116) back face, facing the wall;
(117) front face, facing the ground;
(20) basement wall;
(201) extrados of the wall, surface facing the ground;
(202) underground room;
(203) wall footing;
(30) ground;
(301) ground level;
(302) laying depth of the fixing section;
(40) holed pipe of longitudinal drainage;
(50) fixing section;
(60) adhesive tape;
(L) width of panel, net of the rabbet;
(H) height of insulating plate or first layer;
(S1, S2, S3) thickness, respectively: of the first layer (S1), of the second and third
layer (S2) together, of the three layers (S3) together.
1. Multi-layer protection panel (10) for basement walls (20), which is of the composite
type, integrates different functions such as thermal insulation and drainage from
the outside, and comprises the following layers which are pre-coupled with respect
to each other as a prefabricated element:
- a first layer (101) of the insulating type, with corresponding back face (116),
adapted to face said wall (20), which consists of a rigid plate of XPS having a thickness
between 20 mm and 200 mm, with side rabbet for the alignment between adjacent panels
(10);
- a second layer (102) of the draining type, which is joined to said first layer (101)
with the protrusions or bosses (106) facing the ground (117, 30);
- a third layer (103) of the filtering type, consisting of a water-permeable geotextile,
which is joined frontally, on the head of said bosses (106) to form a draining space
in correspondence of the front face (117), adapted to face the ground (30); said third
layer (103), skirting as a selvedge with respect to the rigid insulating layer (101)
to partially overlap it in filtering continuity, and wherein said first insulating
layer (101) of XPS has a continuous rabbet (109) of the male-female type in the two
opposite vertical sides (115), for high lateral waterproofing between adjacent panels
(10); said protection panel (10) being such that it simultaneously: insulates, drains,
protects from water and from mechanical stresses and also enables the ventilation
of said wall (20, 201) at the extrados; and wherein said protection panel (10) is
characterised in that
the second layer (102) consists of a waterproof embossed membrane of HDPE having a
small thickness;
the said first layer (101) of XPS material has the back face provided with multiple
ventilation channels which are parallel to each other and arranged vertically at full
height, from the lower edge to the upper edge, adapted to be positioned in direct
contact with the external surface of said wall, at the extrados, creating the space
for transpiration;
said second (102) and third layer (103), joined to each other with the same dimensions
as a draining and flexible membrane, have a width (L) equal to said first layer (101),
laterally aligned, and have, on the other hand, a greater length with respect to it
(101) skirting below (114) to form a lower selvedge (108), in such a way as to convey
the water downwards in vertical draining continuity, at full height from a height
close to the ground level
up to the base of the wall (20) where the housing of a holed pipe (40) of longitudinal
drainage is provided; and second (102) and third layer (103), joined to each other
with the same dimensions, skirt above (113) the first layer (101) as well, forming
an upper selvedge (102-3,107) which protrudes by at least 15 cm from the upper edge
(113) and up to the provided level of the ground (301, 302), for junction and front
protection from backfilling and from water; said lower selvedge (108) extends by at
least 20 cm from the lower edge (114) of the first layer (101) and up to the planned
draining depth, in order to enable a partial winding of said holed pipe (40), directly
conveying to the holed pipe (40) the water vertically drained from the panel (10);
and wherein said lower selvedge (108) enables said partial winding from behind of
said holed pipe (40), and wherein a filtering pocket (105) of geotextile for said
holed pipe (40) is also frontally integrated, open from the bottom and partially superimposed
to said third layer (103) in correspondence of said lower selvedge (108), being welded
on the upper edge (110) and protruding from the bottom to enable a partial winding
from the front of said holed pipe (40) and to join from below in combination with
said lower selvedge (108), draining the above ground (112) in place of a housing on
gravel.
2. Multi-layer protection panel (10) for basement walls (20) according to claim 1, characterised in that said ventilation channels (104) have, individually, section sizes of 5 mm x 5 mm,
with a distance between centres between them of 40 mm; and wherein the indicated values
are meant with a tolerance of +/- 20%; and wherein said ventilation occurs by means
of pressure variation inside said channels (104); and wherein said ventilation also
occurs at the back of said upper selvedge (107) being laid behind the underground
wall (20, 201).
3. Multi-layer protection panel (10) for basement walls (20) according to claims 1 and
2, characterised in that said pocket (105) is 5 cm wider, with a tolerance of +/- 20%, with respect to the
underlying layers (101-3) to protrude from one side as a lateral selvedge (111) and
overlap in filtering continuity said pocket (105) of an adjacent panel (10).
4. Multi-layer protection panel (10) for basement walls (20) according to at least claims
1 and 2, characterised in that said first, second and third layer (101-3) have a width of 60 cm, net of said rabbet
(109), with an overall thickness (S3) of 60 mm wherein said first layer (101, S1)
is of 50 mm and the draining and filtering front layers (102-3, S2) are of 10 mm as
a whole.
5. Protection system for basement walls (20), intended to thermally insulate, drain,
protect from water and from mechanical stresses and also to ventilate at the extrados
an underground room (20, 201-2); said system providing multiple multi-layer protection
panels (10) made according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, identical and adjacent to each
other, and wherein at the base of said wall there is a draining holed pipe (40) laid
longitudinally at the lower end of said panels, in a housing of the draining type;
and wherein said protection system is
characterized in that it provides:
a) the laying of panels (10) having said first layer (101) of XPS with the back face
(116) provided with ventilation channels (104) which are parallel to each other and
arranged vertically at full height to be positioned behind the external surface (201)
of the underground wall and create space for transpiration, which occurs by means
of a natural pressure variation inside said channels (104); and wherein said second
and third layer (102-3), joined to each other with the same dimensions as a draining
and flexible membrane, have a width (L) equal to said first layer (101), laterally
aligned (115), and have, on the other hand, a greater height with respect to it (101,
H) to form an upper selvedge (107) and a lower selvedge (108), in such a way as to
protect the whole surface of underground wall (20, 201) conveying the drained water
downwards, in vertical continuity without joints, directly up to said holed pipe (40);
b) a filtering pocket (105) open from the bottom, of geotextile, which is joined and
partially superimposed to said third layer (103) of each panel (10) to drain said
holed pipe (40), enabling its winding in combination with said lower selvedge (102-3,
108); said pocket (105) protruding from one side as a lateral selvedge (111) to overlap
in filtering continuity said pocket (105) of an adjacent panel (10);
c) a continuous side rabbet (109) of the male-female type, in the two vertical sides
(115) opposite to each other of the first layer (101) of each panel (10), in such
a way as to obtain high waterproofing between adjacent panels (10);
d) a section (50) of the step-like type which joins and fixes at the head to said
wall (20, 201), in horizontal continuity, the upper selvedges (107) of the adjacent
panels (10, 109), being mounted at a depth (302) close to the level of the ground
(301); and wherein said profile (50) and said selvedges (102-3,107) protect frontally
(117) and from above from water and from backfilling, and also enable said pressure
variation on the back face (116), behind the underground wall (20, 201);
e) a partial winding of said holed pipe (40) with said lower selvedge (108), from
the back and towards the front, to longitudinally collect the drained water;
f) a partial winding of said holed pipe (40) with said filtering pocket (105), from
the front and backwards, in such a way as to filter the ground and obtain internal
space (112) above the pipe (40), facilitating draining; and wherein said filtering
pocket (105) acts in combination with said lower selvedge (108), partially overlapping
it below the pipe (40);
g) a vertical taping (60) from the outside in correspondence of said rabbet (109,
115), at full height.
1. Mehrschichtige Schutzplatte (10) für Kellerwände (20), welche vom Verbundmaterialtyp
ist, unterschiedliche Funktionen integriert, wie etwa thermische Isolation und Wasserabführung
von außen, und die folgenden Schichten umfasst, die in Bezug aufeinander als vorfabrizierte
Elemente vorverbunden sind:
- eine erste Schicht (101) vom Isolationstyp, mit einer entsprechenden Rückseite (116),
beschaffen, um zur Wand (20) zu weisen, welche aus einer starren Platte aus XPS mit
einer Dicke zwischen 20 mm und 200 mm besteht, mit Seitenfuge zur Ausrichtung zwischen
benachbarten Platten (10),
- eine zweite Schicht (102) von Wasserabführungstyp, die mit der ersten Schicht (101)
verbunden ist, mit Vorsprüngen oder Buckeln (106), die zum Erdboden (117, 30) weisen,
- eine dritte Schicht (103) vom Filtertyp, bestehend aus einem wasserdurchlässigen
Geotextil, das stirnseitig am Kopf der Buckel (106) angefügt ist, so dass sich ein
Wasserabführraum in Entsprechung zur Vorderseite (117) bildet, so beschaffen, dass
sie zum Erdboden (30) weist, wobei die dritte Schicht (103) die starre Isolationsschicht
(101) als Leiste umgibt, so dass sie diese teilweise in filternder Fortführung überlappt,
und wobei
die erste Isolationsschicht (101) aus XPS eine kontinuierliche Fuge (109) vom Vorsprung-Rücksprung-Typ
in zwei gegenüberliegenden vertikalen Seiten (115) aufweist, zur hohen seitlichen
Abdichtung zwischen benachbarten Platten (10), wobei die Schutzplatte (10) derart
beschaffen ist, dass sie gleichzeitig isoliert, Wasser abführt, vor Wasser und vor
mechanischen Belastungen schützt und
zudem die Belüftung der Wand (20, 201) an den Rückseiten ermöglicht, und wobei die
Schutzplatte (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
die zweite Schicht (102) aus einer wasserdichten geprägten Membrane aus HDPE mit einer
geringen Dicke besteht,
die Rückseite der erstes Schicht (101) aus XPS-Material mit mehreren Lüftungskanälen
versehen ist, die parallel zueinander verlaufen und vertikal in voller Höhe angeordnet
sind, von der Unterkante zur Oberkante, beschaffen, um in direkten Kontakt mit der
Außenfläche der Wand angeordnet zu werden, an den Rückseiten, so dass sich der Raum
zur Transpiration bildet,
die zweite (102) und dritte Schicht (103), die mit den gleichen Abmessungen als eine
Wasser abführende und flexible Membrane miteinander verbunden sind,
eine Breite (L) aufweisen, die gleich der ersten Schicht (101) ist, seitlich ausgerichtet,
und andererseits eine größere Länge in Bezug dazu (101) aufweisen, so dass sie diese
unten (114) umgeben, so dass sie eine untere Leiste (108) bilden, auf solche Weise,
dass sie das Wasser in vertikaler Abführkontinuität nach unten befördern, in voller
Höhe von einer Höhe nahe dem Bodenniveau bis zur Basis der Wand (20), wo das Gehäuse
eines ausgehöhlten Rohrs (40) der Längsabführung vorgesehen ist, und die zweite (102)
und dritte Schicht (103), die mit den gleichen Abmessungen miteinander verbunden sind,
die erste Schicht (101) oben (113) ebenso umgeben, so dass sie eine obere Leiste (102-3,
107) bilden, die um wenigstens 15 cm von der Oberkante und bis zum vorgesehenen Niveau
des Bodens (301, 302) absteht, zur Anbindung und Vorderseitenschutz beim Verfüllen
und vor Wasser, wobei sich die untere Leiste (108) um wenigstens 20 cm von der Unterkante
(114) der ersten Schicht (101) und bis zur geplanten Abführtiefe erstreckt, um ein
teilweises Umrollen des ausgehöhlten Rohrs (40) zu ermöglichen und das vertikal von
der Platte (10) abgeführte Wasser direkt zum ausgehöhlten Rohr (40) zu befördern,
und wobei die untere Leiste (108) das teilweise Umrollen von Hinten des ausgehöhlten
Rohrs (40) zu ermöglichen und wobei zudem eine Filtertasche (105) aus Geotextil für
das ausgehöhlte Rohr (40) stirnseitig integriert ist, vom Boden offen und teilweise
mit der dritten Schicht (103) in Übereinstimmung mit der unteren Leiste (108) überlagert,
an der Oberkante (110) geschweißt und vom Boden abstehend, um ein teilweises Umrollen
von der Vorderseite des ausgehöhlten Rohrs (40) zu ermöglichen und von unten in Kombination
mit der unteren Leiste (108) anzuschließen, den Boden (112) darüber anstelle eines
Hauses auf Kies zu entwässern.
2. Mehrschichtige Schutzplatte (10) für Kellerwände (20) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lüftungskanäle (104) individuell Abschnittsgrößen von 5 mm × 5 mm aufweisen,
mit einem Abstand zwischen Mitten zwischen ihnen von 40 mm, und wobei sich die angegebenen
Werte mit einer Toleranz von ± 20 % verstehen, und wobei die Belüftung mittels von
Druckänderungen innerhalb der Kanäle (104) stattfindet und wobei die Belüftung zudem
an der Rückseite der oberen Leiste (107) stattfindet, die hinter die Untergrundwand
(20, 201) gelegt ist.
3. Mehrschichtige Schutzplatte (10) für Kellerwände (20) nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tasche (105) 5 cm breiter ist, mit einer Toleranz von ± 20 % in Bezug auf die
unterliegenden Schichten (101-3), so dass sie von einer Seite als seitliche Leiste
(111) vorsteht und in Filterkontinuität der Tasche (105) einer benachbarten Platte
(10) überlappt.
4. Mehrschichtige Schutzplatte (10) für Kellerwände (20) nach wenigstens den Ansprüchen
1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste, zweite und dritte Schicht (101-3) eine Breite von 60 cm aufweisen, ohne
die Fuge (109), mit einer Gesamtdicke (S3) von 60 mm, wobei die erste Schicht (101,
S1) 50 mm beträgt und die Wasserabführungs- und Filtervorderschichten (102-3, S2)
10 mm insgesamt betragen.
5. Schutzsystem für Kellerwände (20), vorgesehen, um thermisch zu isolieren, Wasser abzuführen,
vor Wasser und mechanischen Belastungen zu schützen und zudem einen Untergrundraum
(20, 201-2) an den Rückseiten zu belüften, wobei das System mehrere mehrschichtige
Schutzplatten (10) vorsieht, die gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2 oder 3 oder 4 gefertigt sind,
identisch und zueinander benachbart, und wobei sich an der Basis der Wand ein Wasser
abführendes ausgehöhltes Rohr (40) befindet, das längs am unteren Ende der Platten
gelegt ist, in einem Gehäuse vom Entwässerungstyp, und wobei das Schutzsystem
dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass es vorsieht:
a) das Auslegen der Platten (10) mit der ersten Schicht (101) aus XPS mit der Rückseite
(116) mit Belüftungskanälen (104) versehen, die parallel zueinander verlaufen und
vertikal in voller Höhe angeordnet sind, so dass sie hinter der Außenfläche (201)
der Untergrundwand angeordnet sind und eine Raum zur Transpiration bilden, welche
mittels einer natürlichen Druckänderung innerhalb der Kanäle (104) stattfindet, und
wobei die zweite und dritte Schicht (102-3), miteinander mit den gleichen Abmessungen
als eine Wasser abführende und flexible Membrane verbunden, eine Breite (L) aufweisen,
die gleich der ersten Schicht (101) ist, seitlich ausgerichtet (115), und andererseits
eine größere Höhe in Bezug dazu (101, H) aufweisen, so dass sie eine obere Leiste
(107) und eine untere Leiste (108) bilden, auf solche Weise, dass sie die gesamte
Fläche der Untergrundwand (20, 201) schützen und das abgeführte Wasser nach unten
befördern, in vertikaler Kontinuität ohne Verbindungen, direkt bis zum ausgehöhlten
Rohr (40),
b) eine vom Boden offene Filtertasche (105) aus Geotextil, die mit der dritten Schicht
(103) einer jeden Platte (10) verbunden und damit teilweise überlagert ist, um das
ausgehöhlte Rohr (40) zu entwässern, sein Umrollen in Kombination mit der unteren
Leise (102-3, 108) ermöglichend, wobei die Tasche (105) von einer Seite als seitliche
Leiste (111) absteht, so dass sie in Filterkontinuität die Tasche (105) einer benachbarten
Platte (10) überlappt,
c) eine kontinuierliche Seitenfuge (109) vom Vorsprung-Rücksprung-Typ in zwei gegenüberliegenden
vertikalen Seiten (115) der ersten Schicht (101) einer jeden Platte (10), auf solche
Weise, dass eine hohe seitliche Abdichtung zwischen benachbarten Platten (10) erhalten
wird,
d) einen Abschnitt (50) von Stufentyp, der am Kopf an der Wand (20, 201) anschließt
und befestigt, in horizontaler Kontinuität, wobei die oberen Leiten (107) der benachbarten
Platten (10, 109) an einer Tiefe (302) nahe dem Niveau des Bodens (301) befestigt
sind, und wobei das Profil (50) und die Leisten (102-3, 107) stirnseitig (117) und
von oben vor Wasser und beim Verfüllen schützen, und zudem die Druckänderung an der
Rückseite (116) hinter der Untergrundwand (20, 201) ermöglichen,
e) ein teilweises Umrollen des ausgehöhlten Rohrs (40) mit der unteren Leiste (108)
von hinten hin zur Vorderseite, um das abgeführte Wasser der Länge nach zu sammeln,
f) ein teilweises Umrollen des ausgehöhlten Rohrs (40) mit der Filtertasche (105)
von vorne und nach hinten, auf solche Weise, dass der Boden gefiltert und ein Innenraum
(112) über dem Rohr (40) erhalten wird, was die Wasserabführung erleichtert, und wobei
die Filtertasche (105) in Kombination mit der unteren Leiste (108) wirkt, diese teilweise
unter dem Rohr (40) teilweise überlappend,
g) eine vertikale Bandklebung (60) von der Außenseite in Entsprechung mit der Fuge
(109, 115) in voller Höhe.
1. Panneau de protection multicouche (10) pour murs de sous-sol (20), qui est de type
composite, intégrant différentes fonctions telles que l'isolation thermique et le
drainage depuis l'extérieur, et comprenant les couches suivantes qui sont préalablement
couplées les unes par rapport aux autres en un élément préfabriqué :
- une première couche (101) de type isolant, avec une face arrière correspondante
(116), adaptée pour faire face audit mur (20), qui est constituée d'une plaque rigide
de XPS ayant une épaisseur comprise entre 20 mm et 200 mm, avec une feuillure sur
le côté pour l'alignement entre des panneaux adjacents (10) ;
- une deuxième couche (102) de type drainant, qui est jointe à ladite première couche
(101) avec les saillies ou bossages (106) faisant face au sol (117, 30) ;
- une troisième couche (103) de type filtrant, constituée d'un géotextile perméable
à l'eau, qui est jointe frontalement, sur la tête desdits bossages (106) pour former
un espace de drainage en correspondance avec la face avant (117), adaptée pour faire
face au sol (30) ; ladite troisième couche (103), longeant en lisière par rapport
à la couche isolante rigide (101) pour la chevaucher partiellement dans la continuité
de la filtration,
et dans lequel
ladite première couche isolante (101) de XPS a une feuillure continue (109) de type
mâle-femelle sur les deux côtés verticaux opposés (115), pour une étanchéité latérale
élevée entre des panneaux adjacents (10) ; ledit panneau de protection (10) étant
tel que, simultanément : isolant, drainant, protégeant de l'eau et des efforts mécaniques
et permet également la ventilation dudit mur (20, 201) aux extrados ; et dans lequel
ledit panneau de protection (10) est
caractérisé en ce que
la deuxième couche (102) est constituée d'une membrane gaufrée étanche de PEHD ayant
une petite épaisseur ;
ladite première couche (101) de matériau XPS a la face arrière pourvue de multiples
canaux de ventilation qui sont parallèles les uns aux autres et agencés verticalement
à pleine hauteur, du bord inférieur au bord supérieur, adaptés pour être positionnés
en contact direct avec la surface externe dudit mur, aux extrados, créant un espace
pour la transpiration ;
lesdites deuxième (102) et troisième couches (103), jointes l'une à l'autre avec les
mêmes dimensions en une membrane drainante et flexible, ont une largeur (L) égale
à ladite première couche (101), alignée latéralement, et ont, d'autre part, une longueur
plus importante par rapport à celle-ci (101) longeant le dessous (114) pour former
une lisière inférieure (108), de manière à acheminer l'eau vers le bas dans la continuité
d'un drainage vertical, à pleine hauteur d'une hauteur proche du niveau du sol jusqu'à
la base du mur (20) où est prévu le logement d'un tuyau perforé (40) de drainage longitudinal
; et lesdites deuxième (102) et troisième couches (103), jointes l'une à l'autre avec
les mêmes dimensions, longent le dessus (113) de la première couche (101) également,
formant une lisière supérieure (102-3,107) qui fait saillie d'au moins 15 cm du bord
supérieur (113) et jusqu'au niveau du sol (301, 302) prévu, pour la jonction et la
protection avant du remblai et de l'eau ; ladite lisière inférieure (108) s'étend
d'au moins 20 cm depuis le bord inférieur (114) de la première couche (101) et jusqu'à
la profondeur de drainage prévue, afin de permettre un enroulement partiel dudit tuyau
perforé (40), en acheminant directement au tuyau perforé (40) l'eau drainée verticalement
depuis le panneau (10) ;
et dans lequel ladite lisière inférieure (108) permet ledit enroulement partiel depuis
l'arrière dudit tuyau perforé (40), et dans lequel une poche filtrante (105) en géotextile
pour ledit tuyau perforé (40) est également intégrée frontalement, ouverte depuis
le fond et partiellement superposée sur ladite troisième couche (103) en correspondance
avec ladite lisière inférieure (108), étant soudée au bord supérieur (110) et faisant
saillie depuis le fond pour permettre un enroulement partiel depuis l'avant dudit
tuyau perforé (40) et pour se joindre depuis le bas en combinaison avec ladite lisière
inférieure (108), en drainant le sol au-dessus (112) à la place d'un logement sur
gravier.
2. Panneau de protection multicouche (10) pour murs de sous-sol (20) selon la revendication
1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits canaux de ventilation (104) ont, individuellement, des tailles de section
de 5 mm x 5 mm, avec une distance entre des centres entre eux de 40 mm ; et dans lequel
est prévue pour les valeurs indiquées une tolérance de +/- 20 % ; et dans lequel ladite
ventilation se produit au moyen d'une variation de pression à l'intérieur desdits
canaux (104) ; et dans lequel ladite ventilation se produit également à l'arrière
de ladite lisière supérieure (107) étant posée derrière le mur souterrain (20, 201).
3. Panneau de protection multicouche (10) pour murs de sous-sol (20) selon les revendications
1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite poche (105) est plus large de 5 cm, avec une tolérance de +/- 20 %, par rapport
aux couches sous-jacentes (101-3) pour faire saillie depuis un côté en lisière latérale
(111) et chevaucher dans la continuité de la filtration ladite poche (105) d'un panneau
adjacent (10).
4. Panneau de protection multicouche (10) pour murs de sous-sol (20) selon au moins les
revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdites première, deuxième et troisième couches (101-3) ont une largeur de 60 cm,
après déduction de ladite feuillure (109), avec une épaisseur globale (S3) de 60 mm,
dans lequel ladite première couche (101, S1) est de 50 mm et les couches avant drainante
et filtrante (102-3, S2) sont de 10 mm dans leur ensemble.
5. Système de protection pour murs de sous-sol (20), destiné à isoler thermiquement,
drainer, protéger de l'eau et des efforts mécaniques et également à ventiler aux extrados
une salle souterraine (20, 201-2) ; ledit système fournissant de multiples panneaux
de protection multicouche (10) réalisés selon la revendication 1 ou 2 ou 3 ou 4, identiques
et adjacents les uns aux autres, et dans lequel à la base dudit mur se trouve un tuyau
drainant perforé (40) posé longitudinalement à l'extrémité inférieure desdits panneaux,
dans un logement de type drainant ; et dans lequel ledit système de protection est
caractérisé en ce qu'il fournit :
a) la pose de panneaux (10) ayant ladite première couche (101) de XPS avec la face
arrière (116) pourvue de canaux de ventilation (104) qui sont parallèles les uns aux
autres et agencés verticalement à pleine hauteur pour être positionnés derrière la
surface externe (201) du mur souterrain et créer un espace pour la transpiration,
qui se produit au moyen d'une variation de pression naturelle à l'intérieur desdits
canaux (104) ; et dans lequel lesdites deuxième et troisième couches (102-3), jointes
l'une à l'autre avec les mêmes dimensions en une membrane drainante et flexible, ont
une largeur (L) égale à ladite première couche (101), alignée latéralement (115),
et ont, d'autre part, une hauteur plus importante par rapport à celui-ci (101, H)
pour former une lisière supérieure (107) et une lisière inférieure (108), de manière
à protéger la surface entière d'un mur souterrain (20, 201) en acheminant l'eau drainée
vers le bas, dans une continuité verticale sans joints, directement jusqu'audit tuyau
perforé (40) ;
b) une poche filtrante (105) ouverte depuis le fond, en géotextile, qui est jointe
et partiellement superposée sur ladite troisième couche (103) de chaque panneau (10)
pour drainer ledit tuyau perforé (40), permettant son enroulement en combinaison avec
ladite lisière inférieure (102-3, 108); ladite poche (105) faisant saillie depuis
un côté en lisière latérale (111) pour chevaucher dans la continuité de la filtration
ladite poche (105) d'un panneau adjacent (10) ;
c) une feuillure continue sur le côté (109) de type mâle-femelle, sur les deux côtés
verticaux (115) opposés l'un à l'autre de la première couche (101) de chaque panneau
(10), de manière à obtenir une protection élevée contre l'eau entre des panneaux adjacents
(10) ;
d) une section (50) de type marche qui se joint et se fixe au niveau de la tête audit
mur (20, 201), dans une continuité horizontale, les lisières supérieures (107) des
panneaux adjacents (10, 109), étant montées à une profondeur (302) proche du niveau
du sol (301) ; et dans lequel ledit profil (50) et lesdites lisières (102-3,107) protègent
frontalement (117) et depuis le haut de l'eau et du remblai, et permettent également
ladite variation de pression sur la face arrière (116), derrière le mur souterrain
(20, 201) ;
e) un enroulement partiel dudit tuyau perforé (40) avec ladite lisière inférieure
(108), depuis l'arrière et vers l'avant, pour collecter longitudinalement l'eau drainée
;
f) un enroulement partiel dudit tuyau perforé (40) avec ladite poche filtrante (105),
depuis l'avant et vers l'arrière, de manière à filtrer le sol et à obtenir un espace
interne (112) au-dessus du tuyau (40), facilitant le drainage ; et dans lequel ladite
poche filtrante (105) agit en combinaison avec ladite lisière inférieure (108), en
la chevauchant partiellement en dessous du tuyau (40) ;
g) un galon sur joint vertical (60) depuis l'extérieur en correspondance avec ladite
feuillure (109, 115), à pleine hauteur.