FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a machining system comprising a plurality of machine
tools each having an independent operation part and controller, and shared peripheral
equipment associated with the plurality of machine tools.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Patent Literature 1 discloses a machining system comprising a portable teaching operation
board which is connected to a machine tool controller by a network cable and a robot
controller configured so as to display information related to a machine tool acquired
from the machine tool controller via the network cable on a display of the teaching
operation board.
[0003] Patent Literature 2 discloses a machining system comprising an operation board of
a portable gantry loader capable of switching between an interlock-enabled mode in
which movement of a transfer machine is prohibited under certain conditions and an
interlock-disabled mode in which movement of the transfer machine is not prohibited
even under the certain conditions, wherein a machine tool controller controls the
movement of the gantry loader in accordance with contents instructed using the operation
board.
[CITATION LIST]
[PATENT LITERATURE]
[0004]
[PTL 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2010-277425
[PTL 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2006-026818
SUMMARY
[TECHNICAL PROBLEM]
[0005] In the machining system described in Patent Literature 1, even when the robot and
the machine tool are surrounded by a safety fence, since information regarding the
machine tool can be checked from outside the safety fence by means of the portable
operation board, the need for workers to enter the safety fence to check the status
and settings of the machine tool is reduced, and as a result, number of times that
the machine tool is stopped is reduced. However, in the machining system of Patent
Literature 1, since it is necessary to carry the portable operation board, operability
is poor. For example, in the case in which teaching of the robot is performed in the
vicinity of the machine tool, when it is necessary for the operator to manually operate
the robot as the transfer device while watching, in some cases, the operator may not
be able to approach the vicinity of an area requiring manual operation due to restrictions
of the portable operation board.
[0006] In the machining system described in Patent Literature 2, since the movement of the
transfer machine can be controlled from the operation board of the machining device,
in particular in the case in which the controller of the transfer machine is separated
from the site, the movement of the transfer machine can be manually operated while
being viewed by the operator, whereby the operability of the transfer machine improves.
However, in the machining system of Patent Literature 2, even if interlocking is enabled
or disabled, there is a risk that control commands will be sent from a plurality of
machining devices to the transfer machine at the same time, whereby there is a problem
regarding the safety of the transfer machine.
[0007] In order to solve such problems of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide
a machining system comprising a plurality of machine tools each having an independent
operation part and controller, and shared peripheral equipment associated with the
plurality of machine tools, in which it is possible to safely operate the shared peripheral
equipment in the vicinity of the machine tool.
[SOLUTION TO PROBLEM]
[0008] In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is
provided a machining system comprising a plurality of machine tools each having an
independent operation part and controller, shared peripheral equipment associated
with all of the plurality of machine tools, and a shared controller for the shared
peripheral equipment which is operable by each of the operation parts of the plurality
of machine tools, wherein the shared controller comprises an authorization part for
granting operation authority over the shared peripheral equipment to one of the operation
parts of the plurality of the machine tools.
[ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION]
[0009] According to the present invention, in the machining system, which comprise shared
peripheral equipment associated with the plurality of machine tools, the shared peripheral
equipment can be safely operated in the vicinity of the machine tools while eliminating
the operation parts of the shared peripheral equipment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0010]
FIG. 1 is an approximate plan view showing an example of the machining system to which
the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the machining system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a front view showing an example of an operation board forming an operation
part.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the machining system according to a first embodiment
of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an example of a gantry loader operation window
displayed on the display of an operation board.
FIG. 6 is a front view showing another example of a machining system to which the
present invention is applied.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a machining system according to a second embodiment
of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0011] An example of the machining system used in the present invention will be described
with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The machining system 10 comprises a plurality of,
in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, four, machine tools 12, 14, 16, 18 arranged in
a side-by-side manner, and a gantry loader 30 as shared peripheral equipment associated
with all of the plurality of machine tools 12, 14, 16, 18. In the present embodiment,
the machine tools 12, 14, 16, 18 are machining centers of identical types. The machining
centers can be horizontal machining centers which comprise rotating spindles (not
illustrated) oriented in the horizontal directions, tables (not illustrated) facing
tools (not illustrated) mounted on the tips of the horizontal rotating spindles, X,
Y, and Z orthogonal three linear feed axes (not illustrated) for moving the tools
and the tables relative to each other, and tool exchange devices (not illustrated).
Each of the horizontal machining centers may further comprise one or two rotary linear,
for example, one or both of an A-axis and C-axis. The machine tools 12, 14, 16, 18
may be machine tools of different types. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the machine tools 12, 14,
16, 18 are housed within a cover or splashguard. An operation board 40 is attached
to a side surface of the cover or splashguard.
[0012] The gantry loader 30 comprises a rail 22 extending along an axis O which extends
in the longitudinal direction, which is the horizontal direction perpendicular to
the spindles of the machine tools 12, 14, 16, 18. The rail 22 is arranged above the
machine tools 12, 14, 16, 18 by means of a plurality of supports 24. The gantry loader
30 comprises a carriage 28 which reciprocates along the rail 22, an arm attached so
as to be movable in the upward and downward directions relative to the carriage 28,
and a hand 32 attached to the lower end of the arm. The hand 32 may be attached to
the carriage 28 so as to further be able to move in the horizontal direction perpendicular
to the rail 22.
[0013] The machining system 10 further comprises a workpiece setup station 34 and a workpiece
removal station 36. Unmachined workpieces are introduced into the machining system
10 from the workpiece setup station 34, and machined workpieces are discharged to
the outside of the machining system 10 from the workpiece removal station 36 by the
operator. The gantry loader 30 supplies workpieces introduced into the workpiece setup
station 34 to the machine tools 12, 14, 16, 18, and discharges machined workpieces
from the machine tools 12, 14, 16, 18 to the workpiece removal station 36.
[0014] An example of the operation board 40 constituting a control part of the present invention
will be described with reference to FIG. 3. The operation board 40 comprises a display
constituted by a touch panel with which a desired portion can be selected by touching
the screen, and key input parts 44, 46 in which a plurality of key switches are arranged.
By pressing the key switches of the key input parts 44, 46, predetermined characters
or numerals can be input. Furthermore, the operation board 40 comprises operation
switch parts 52, 54, 56 for performing selection of predetermined operations, an override
setting part 52 for performing the setting of override values, and an emergency stop
button 48. The override setting part 52 can set, for example, the override value of
the rotation speed of the spindle or the override value of the feed speed of machining.
The operation board 40 further comprises a jog dial 50 for performing individual jog
feed operations of each of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-feed axes. The operation board
40 may further comprise a lamp 41 for externally displaying that the gantry loader
30, which is described later, has operation authority.
[0015] Referring to FIG. 4, the machining system 100 according to a first embodiment of
the present invention comprises a plurality of, in FIG. 4, four as in FIGS. 1 and
2, machine tools 110, 120, 130, 140. The machine tools 110, 120, 130, 140 comprise
operation parts 112, 122, 132, 142 each constituted by the operation board of FIGS.
1 and 2, controllers 114, 124, 134, 144, and feed axis devices 116, 126, 136, 146
composed of the X, Y, and Z orthogonal three feed axes, the A-axis and C-axis, which
are two rotary feed axes, and at least one feed axis for exchanging tools. The controllers
114, 124, 134, 144 for controlling the machine tools 110, 120, 130, 140 can be constituted
by, for example, NC devices, and comprise machine control parts 114a, 124a, 134a,
144a for controlling the feed axis devices 116, 126, 136, 146. The machine control
parts 114a, 124a, 134a, 144a may control the rotation of the spindles of the machine
tools 110, 120, 130, 140.
[0016] In the present invention, the controller 114 of one machine tool 110 of the plurality
of machine tools 110, 120, 130, 140 comprises a shared controller 160 in addition
to the machine control part 114a. The shared controller 160 can be formed as a part
of the NC device of the machine tool 110 in terms of software. The shared controller
160 comprises, as primary constituent elements, an authorization part 162, an authority
storage part 164, an authority determination part 166, and a loader control part 168.
[0017] When the shared controller 160 has received an authority request from one of the
operation parts 112, 122, 132, 142 of the machine tools 110, 120, 130, 140, the authorization
part 162 grants authority in accordance with the authority request. The operation
part of the operation parts 112, 122, 132, 142 of the machine tools 110, 120, 130,
140 to which authority has been granted is stored in the authority storage part 164.
The authority determination part 166 determines whether or not a command transmitted
to the gantry loader 150 received by the shared controller 160 from the operation
part 112, 122, 132, 142 of the machine tools 110, 120, 130, 140 is a command from
the operation part which has authority, and when the command is from the operation
part which has authority, the command is transmitted to the loader control part 168.
The loader control part 168 controls the orthogonal three feed axes of the gantry
loader 150 and the clamping and unclamping movement of the hand 32 based on the command.
The control of the orthogonal three feed axes of the gantry loader 150 can be performed
as control of the three feed axes added to the five feed axes of the NC device of
the machine tool 110.
[0018] Next, an operation window 60 of the gantry loader 30, which is displayed on the displays
42 of the operation boards 40 constituting the operation parts 112, 122, 132, 142,
will be described with reference to FIG. 5.
[0019] The operation window 60 includes an operation authority icon 62, an operation authority
acquisition machine identifier 64, an operation mode selection button 66, an override
selection button 68, and a manual operation button 70.
[0020] When an operator operates one of the operations boards of the machine tools 110,
120, 130, 140 and opens the operation window 60 of the gantry loader, for example,
when the operator taps or clicks the manual operation button 70, the authority request
is transmitted from the operation part to the shared controller 160 of the machine
tool 110. At that time, when the authorization part 162 of the shared controller 160
determines that the gantry loader 150 is not being operated by other operation parts,
the authorization part 162 grants authority to operate the gantry loader 150 to the
operation part in accordance with the authority request. For example, the authorization
part 162 monitors the commands from the operation part which has authority, and when
a predetermined interval has elapsed since the last command received from the operation
part, operation authority can be granted to other operation parts. Conversely, when
the predetermined interval has not elapsed since the last command received from the
operation part, it can be determined that the operations of the operation part have
not finished, and authority requests from other operation parts are denied.
[0021] When operation authority is received from the authorization part 162, an operation
authority icon 62 indicating the operation authority has been granted is displayed
on the operation window 60. In addition to the operation authority icon 62, a lamp
41 indicating that operation authority has been received may be illuminated on the
operation board 40 of the corresponding operation part having operation authority.
Further, the operation authority acquisition machine identifier 64, which is a machine
symbol or number for identifying the machine tool corresponding to the operation part
which currently has operation authority, can be displayed on all of the displays 42
of the machine tools 110, 120, 130, 140.
[0022] When operation authority is acquired, operation of the gantry loader 150 becomes
possible in the operation window 60 of the gantry loader. For example, controlling
of the movement of carriage 28 and the hand 32 of the gantry loader 30 (150) can be
performed with the jog dial of the operation board 40 by tapping or clicking the jog
button 66a from among the manual operation modes, and selecting the desired jog override
amount from the override selection buttons 68 or teaching of the gantry loader 30
(150) can be performed by means of manual operation.
[0023] Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference
to FIGS. 6 and 7.
[0024] In the first embodiment, the controller 114 of one machine tool 110 among the plurality
of machine tools 110, 120, 130, 140 has the shared controller 160. However, in the
second embodiment, the shared controller 160 is independent of the controllers 114,
124, 134, 144 of the machine tools 110, 120, 130, 140, as shown in FIG. 7. Thus, the
machine system 200 comprises an independent controller 210 constituting the shared
controller 160, as shown in FIG. 6. In the present embodiment, all of the controllers
114, 124, 134, 144 of the plurality of machine tools 110, 120, 130, 140 are connected
with the shared controller 160 in parallel. The mode of operation of the present embodiment
is the same as that of the first embodiment.
[0025] Further, operation boards (not illustrated) identical to the operation board 40 may
be arranged in the workpiece setup station 34, the workpiece removal station 36, and/or
the workpiece inspection station 38, these operation boards may be connected to the
shared controller 160, and the gantry loader 150 can be operated from the workpiece
setup station 34, the workpiece removal station 36, and/or the workpiece inspection
station 38.
[0026] Though the shared peripheral equipment is a gantry loader in the embodiments described
above, the present invention is not limited thereto. The shared peripheral equipment
may be, for example, the workpiece setup station 34, the workpiece removal station
36, and/or the workpiece inspection station 38. In this case, operation of the stations
can be enabled only when operation authority has been acquired by the operation part
of the machine tool in the vicinity of the respective station. For example, in the
example of FIG. 1, the workpiece setup station 34 and/or the workpiece inspection
station 38 can be operated from the operation board of the machine tool 12 when operation
authority has been acquired by the operation part (operation board 40) of the machine
tool 12 arranged in the vicinity thereof. Furthermore, the workpiece removal station
36 can be operated from the operation board 40 of the machine tool 20 when operation
authority has been acquired by the operation part of the machine tool 20 arranged
in the vicinity thereof.
[0027] Further, when the position of the carriage 28 on the rail 22 is controlled as the
X-axis of the gantry loader 150 among the feed axes of the gantry loader 150, it can
be understood from the coordinates of the X-axis of the gantry loader 150 which of
the machine tools the gantry loader 150 is near. Even if the operation authority is
provided in accordance with the coordinate of the X-axis of the gantry loader 150,
restrictions can be added to the operation. Using the case in which a workpiece is
lowered into the machine tool 12 by the gantry loader 150 as an example, when the
hand 32 of gantry loader 150 is lowered, the hand 32 and workpiece enter the interior
of the splashguard of machine tool 12, which prevents scattering of swarf during machining.
At this time, the splashguard of the machine tool 12 obstructs the view of the operator
performing the operation in the operation parts 40 of the machine tools 14, 16, 18,
and the hand 32 and the workpiece cannot be visually inspected. If the hand 32 and
workpiece are lowered in a state in which they cannot be viewed by the operator, the
hand 32 or workpiece may collide with the table of the machine tool 12 for arrangement
of the workpiece or a jig for attachment of the workpiece, and there is a risk that
the machine tool 12 or the gantry loader 150 may become damaged. Therefore, the acquisition
of operation authority is restricted in accordance with the X-axis coordinate of the
gantry loader 150.
[0028] When the X-axis coordinate of the gantry loader 150 is the vicinity of the splashguard
of the machine tool 12, even if operation authority is acquired by one of the operation
parts 40 of the machine tools 14, 16, 18, a lowering operation of the hand 32 is prohibited.
A lowering operation of the hand 32 can only be executed when the operation part 40
of machine tool 12 in vicinity of gantry loader 150 has acquired operation authority.
The shared controller 160 stores operation limits that impose restrictions on the
operation authority of each operation part 40 in accordance with the X, Y, and Z coordinate
values of the gantry loader 150.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
[0029]
- 10
- Machining System
- 12, 14, 16, 18
- Machine Tool
- 22
- Rail
- 24
- Support
- 28
- Carriage
- 30
- Gantry Loader
- 32
- Hand
- 34
- Workpiece Setup Station
- 36
- Workpiece Removal Station
- 38
- Workpiece Inspection Station
- 40
- Operation Board
- 100
- Machining System
- 110, 120, 130, 140
- Machine Tool
- 150
- Gantry Loader (Shared Peripheral Equipment)
- 160
- Shared Controller
- 162
- Authorization Part
- 164
- Authority Storage Part
- 166
- Authority Determination Part
1. A machining system comprising:
a plurality of machine tools each having an independent operation part and controller,
shared peripheral equipment associated with all of the plurality of machine tools,
and
a shared controller for the shared peripheral equipment which is operable by each
of the operation parts of the plurality of machine tools, wherein
the shared controller comprises an authorization part for granting operation authority
over the shared peripheral equipment to one of the operation parts of the plurality
of the machine tools.
2. The machining system according to claim 1, wherein the shared peripheral equipment
is a workpiece transportation device for supplying a workpiece to each of the plurality
of machine tools and for receiving and discharging a workpiece from each of the plurality
of machine tools.
3. The machining system according to claim 2, wherein the workpiece transportation device
is a gantry loader comprising a rail arranged in the vicinity of the plurality of
machine tools and extending along a predetermined axis, a carriage movable along the
rail, an arm operable relative to the carriage, and a hand attached to the tip of
the arm for gripping a workpiece.
4. The machining system according to claim 3, further comprising a workpiece setup station,
a workpiece removal station, and a workpiece inspection station spaced apart from
each other along the predetermined axis.
5. The machining system according to claim 1, wherein each of the operation parts of
the plurality of machine tools comprises authority display means for externally displaying
that the operation part has operation authority when operation authority has been
granted.
6. The machining system according to claim 5, wherein the operation parts are operation
boards provided on side surfaces of the machine tools, the operation boards comprise
displays for displaying at least an operation state of the machine tools, and it is
displayed on the display that the operation part has operation authority.
7. The machining system according to claim 6, wherein the operation part of the machine
tool that currently has operation authority is displayed on the displays of the operation
parts of all of the machine tools.
8. The machining system according to claim 1, wherein the shared controller is formed
as a part of an NC device of one of the plurality of machine tools.
9. The machining system according to claim 1, wherein the NC device forming the shared
controller is connected to the shared peripheral equipment, and the NC devices of
all of the machine tools other than the machine tool having the NC device connected
to the shared peripheral equipment are connected to the NC device forming the shared
controller.
10. The machining system according to claim 6, wherein an operation screen of the shared
peripheral equipment is displayed on each of the displays of the plurality of machine
tools.
11. The machining system according to claim 1, wherein the shared controller is a controller
arranged so as to be independent from the NC devices of all of the plurality of machine
tools.
12. The machining system according to claim 1, wherein the shared controller limits operation
of the operation part in accordance with a coordinate value of a feed axis of the
shared peripheral equipment.