Technological field
[0001] The technical solution falls within the hydraulics area. The patent subject-matter
is a tool to clean/remove material surfaces and split/clean materials with a liquid
beam enriched with solid abrasive particles.
State of the Art
[0002] At present, an abrasive head is used as a tool with predominantly automatic gas and
abrasive intake to split and cut various materials. The tool consists of three main
components: liquid jet, mixing chamber and abrasive jet. The above-mentioned components
are positioned in line along the tool axis in a way that the high-speed liquid beam
formed by a liquid jet passes all along the tool axis. Water may be used as the liquid
here. Air may be used as the gas. The liquid jet is designed to convert pressure energy
into kinetic energy, thus creating a high-speed liquid beam. The thin liquid beam
passes through the center of the tool or other abrasive head's main parts. The beam
movement in the mixing chamber center may result in automatic gas and abrasive intake
into the mixing chamber. The gas and abrasive particles are accelerated here by the
high-speed liquid beam motion. The created mixture of liquid, gas and abrasive particles
flows on to pass through the abrasive jet center. Further acceleration of the gas
and abrasive particles is made by the action of the high-speed liquid beam flowing
in housing interior of the abrasive jet, which is largely formed by an input cone
linked with the upstream mixing chamber shape and a long cylindrical opening.
[0003] The general technology status is represented for example in document
US4648215 (1987) which describes the jet head or document
EP 2801442 (2014) A which describes a head with an auxiliary jet that allows liquid beam to be focused,
thus increasing the liquid beam speed and pressure. The
US 5144766 (1992) document describes a cartridge that can be inserted in the current heads. The cartridge
contains jet, mixing chamber and drain tube. The
JP H0349899 (1991) document deals with effective abrasive and liquid beam mixing by feeding the liquid
jet up to the mixing chamber in close proximity of the abrasive jet. Thus, there is
no much room left for the collisions of accelerated abrasive particles and at the
same, the cutting efficiency decreases as the liquid beam contact with the abrasive
cloud is too short and proportionally less abrasive is being entrained by the beam.
Document
CN 205310080 (2016) represents general technological state.
[0004] The disadvantage of current solutions such as patents
EP2853349A1 EP0873220B1 as well as
US2016/0129551A1 or PV 2014-754 is that the high-speed liquid beam after the liquid jet creates such
flow field of the entire mixture that allows the abrasive particles to flow up to
the liquid jet itself. Intensive gas backflow is formed around the high-speed beam,
carrying the abrasive particles to the liquid jet body. It's been proved that the
water jet gets worn out by the abrasive particles as they flow in space directly after
the water jet. The described fact shown on Fig.1 results in significant reduction
of the liquid jet's as well as the entire described tool's lifetime. Another resulting
disadvantage is that guaranteeing sufficient tool lifetime requires that the liquid
jet be made of very durable and costly material such as diamond.
Description of the Invention
[0005] A new abrasive head with inserted jet to split/cut materials by a liquid beam enriched
with solid abrasive particles was developed. This head has several key functions to
significantly extend the tool lifetime by eliminating damage to the liquid jet's aperture
by abrasive, eliminate degradation of abrasive inside the tool and increase the cutting
power and the flow efficiency.
Abrasive head with inserted jet
[0006]
- 1. This reduces and has the advantage to fully prevent the gas and abrasive mixture
from flowing reversely upstream towards the water jets, making the abrasive particles
move downstream outside the tool, thus eliminating damage to the water jests and degradation
of the abrasive itself.
- 2. This enables automatic gas and abrasive mixture intake into the mixing chamber,
i.e. no overpressure is needed to feed abrasive to the water beam.
- 3. It focuses the gas and abrasive mixture into the liquid beam flow and outside the
mixing chamber into the abrasive jet, thus streamlining the flow in the mixing chamber.
[0007] The abrasive head contains the following downstream components: at least one liquid
jet connected to the common channel linked to the inserted jet leading into the mixing
chamber at the end of which the abrasive jet is connected. The infeed channel located
between the liquid jet and the common channel has the advantage of allowing the liquid
beam to flow from the liquid jet to the common channel. At least one gas and abrasive
mixture infeed leads into the mixing chamber, the air and abrasive mixture has the
advantage of being fed into the mixing chamber through several symmetrically positioned
infeeds. The infeeds of gas and abrasive mixture have the benefit of being connected
to the gas and abrasive mixture distributor. The common channel has the benefit of
being equipped with a clean gas infeed.
[0008] The inserted jet is the key component of the abrasive head. The inserted jet's inner
cross section is tapered downstream and the inserted jet's output cross section is
smaller than the abrasive jet cylindrical part's inner cross section.
[0009] The limitation of the gas and abrasive backflow is already provided by the significant
tapering of the inserted jet which can be sized according to the water beam width
or the output cross-section of the liquid jet the beam flows from. This allows us
to use the infeed and common channels of any width and equip them with clean has infeeds
as it's just the inserted jet that provides the tapering.
[0010] The backflow avoidance is designed in a manner that the gas and abrasive infeed makes
and angle of no more than 60° with the tool axis and the output inner cross-section
of the inserted jet is no more than three times as large as the cross-section delimited
by the liquid beam's outer circumference, the latter making 66 to 83% out of the sum
of the liquid jet output cross-sections. In the case of three 0.1mm liquid beam cross-sections,
the cross-section delimited by the integrated beam's outer circumference makes 2 to
2.5mm, while a circle traced around the irregular beam shape is considered to be the
outer circumference.
[0011] Also, it's useful to use just one of the conditions, either the gas and abrasive
mixture infeed inclination alone or the inserted jet's output cross-section alone,
which results at least in the backflow reduction.
[0012] As opposed to the mixture infeed by overpressure, the automatic gas and abrasive
mixture intake is made through the inserted jet's narrower inner cross section compared
to the abrasive jet cylindrical section's inner cross section. The underpressure created
during the liquid beam expansion from the inserted jet into the mixing chamber and
the subsequent flow into/from the larger abrasive jet's input hole is used just for
the gas and abrasive mixture intake into the mixing chamber and the liquid beam flow.
[0013] Another significant and useful feature of the abrasive head is the inserted jet's
outer shape with the benefit of downstream tapering. This shape is employed by embedding
the inserted jet in the mixing chamber while this conical outer shape of the inserted
jet continuously tapers the mixing chamber inner space, thus directing and further
focusing the gas and abrasive mixture into the liquid beam stream.
[0014] The backflow avoidance has even simpler design solution with the abrasive head containing
liquid beam infeed channels having the benefit of employing at least one clean air
intake. The clean gas infeed make the gas intake into the abrasive head, thus eliminating
unwanted air recirculation along with the particles of the abrasive itself that harm
the tool's internal components and mainly the liquid jet. The recirculation is shown
on Fig.1 with Fig.2 describing gas and abrasive upstream recirculation up to the liquid
jet in case when no clean gas infeed is installed, while Fig.2 shows clean gas flow
through the channel downstream the liquid beam flow which eliminates backward recirculation
of gas and abrasive by filling the entire channel. Thus, clean gas supply into the
infeed channels is made separately before the abrasive infeed.
[0015] It's useful to employ the multiple liquid jet abrasive head whose beams interfere
with each other, which can be used to increase the head cutting power while the liquid
beam interference can be set to take place either in the common channel or only in
the inserted jet.
[0016] The liquid jet is positioned in the tool axis downstream the pressurized water infeed,
leading into the infeed or directly into the common channel. The common channel is
tapered downstream with the inserted jet before the mixing chamber input, the inserted
jet output cross section has the advantage of being smaller than the abrasive jet
cylindrical section's cross section. Not only does the inserted jet limit the penetration
of the abrasive particles in the vicinity of the liquid jets but it also allows the
amount of the automatically intaken gas and abrasive mixture to be controlled by setting
the output hole size. In the case of the useful tool solution with clean gas infeed
into the common channel, the inserted jet controls the ratio between the clean gas
being automatically intaken into the common channel and the gas and abrasive mixture
being automatically intaken into to mixing chamber. If the inserted jet output inner
cross section is equal or smaller than the abrasive jet cylindrical section's cross
section, the automatic intake of both clean gas and abrasive mixture into the tool
is enabled. At the same time, it's useful if the inserted jet output cross section
is no more than three times as large as the liquid beam cross section, mainly with
the multi-jet layout of the integrated liquid beam. The inserted jet has the benefit
of being designed as a body from durable material compatible with currently manufactured
jet heads. Thus, the inserted jet can extend the lifetime of an existing tool. The
inserted jet can be installed in an existing tool in a fairly easy way such as with
electro-erosive machining. The existing common channel downstream the water jet is
enlarged so that the inserted jet's body can be placed in the newly created space.
Thus, in the case of a new tool, damage to the liquid jet by abrasive particles is
reduced, avoiding the abrasive head cutting power reduction at the same time. Also,
flow improvement of the mixture of liquid, gas and abrasive particles by appropriate
shape of the inserted jet outer body part can be reached.
[0017] The inserted jet body is being put in a new or existing tool on the boundary of the
common channel and the mixing chamber. Thus, the outer shape of the inserted jet body
enables to finish the mixing chamber space so that the abrasive acceleration in the
mixing chamber can go without the abrasive particles interacting with the neighboring
walls of given abrasive head components at high velocities, which results in avoiding
damage to the tool itself and degrading the abrasive particles, both of which increases
the cutting power of the tool itself. The inserted jet interior output hole can be
brought significantly nearer the abrasive jet by tapering the shape of the inserted
jet's outer section, regardless of connecting the gas and abrasive mixture infeeds
into the mixing chamber. This eliminates the mixing chamber space as well as the space
with high speeds determined by the high-speed liquid beam passing through the mixing
chamber. This results in reducing the likelihood of degrading the abrasive and neighboring
walls in the mixing chamber and at the abrasive jet input. It's especially useful
to employ the inserted jet outer shape to finish the mixing chamber space if there
is more than one gas and abrasive mixture infeed into the mixing chamber. This results
in a significant deceleration of the abrasive particles already in the aforementioned
gas and abrasive mixture infeeds, which results in lower hydraulic losses and the
avoidance of the abrasive degradation due to its interaction with the mixing chamber's
neighboring walls, as the kinetic energy of the particles entering the mixing chamber
significantly decreases with the flow velocity decrease. This energy is responsible
for degrading the abrasive particles if an abrasive particle collides with the mixing
chamber wall. Embedding the inserted jet outer shape into the mixing chamber leads
to minimizing the space containing the high-speed abrasive particles, resulting in
the creation of flow field having the advantage with respect to further effective
abrasive particle acceleration with the high-speed liquid beam. Appropriate shaping
of the inserted jet outer section and embedding the jet into to mixing chamber leads
to an increase in the cutting power of the modified abrasive head.
[0018] The inserted jet positioned between the common channel and the mixing chamber causes
hydraulic losses. As the liquid beam passes through the tool center as well as the
center of the aforementioned inserted jet, this hydraulic loss is very low with respect
to the input hydraulic power value upstream the liquid jet. The hydraulic loss caused
by the inserted jet can be further reduced by clean air intake into the common channel.
Owing to the presence of gas near the tool inner walls and mainly near the inserted
jet inner walls, the hydraulic loss will be cut down to a minimum thanks to the low
viscosity value of gas compared to liquid. Thus, there is no reduction of the cutting
power during operating the abrasive head with inserted jet compared to the condition
without the inserted jet. Thanks to a very low hydraulic loss of the inserted jet,
the gas and abrasive particle mixture can be transported in the mixing chamber by
automatic intake caused by the liquid beam passing through the tool center just like
in the case of a tool without an inserted jet.
[0019] The inserted jet inner shape has the benefit of being defined by the flow cross-section
downstream tapering. The inserted jet output flow cross-section is the smallest flow
cross-section of the inserted jet inner shape.
[0020] The inserted jet can be also used in tools with multiple liquid jets.
[0021] Absolute prevention of any contact of the abrasive particles with the liquid jets
can be made in two following ways: The first way is the tool implementation with inserted
jet and clean gas intake. Thanks to the clean gas intake, the gas recirculation in
the common channel and the infeed channel is avoided with the abrasive moving in the
tool only downstream the liquid flow. Another way is the tool implementation with
the inserted jet body embedded into the mixing chamber and the gas and abrasive mixture
infeed inclined by less than 60° to the tool axis downstream. A combination of these
conditions prevents the abrasive particles from penetrating upstream to the liquid
jets, which significantly extends the lifetime of the entire tool, mainly the costly
liquid jets.
[0022] The inserted jet body has the benefit of being placed in the tool's bearing housing
together with other components such as the mixing chamber housing and the abrasive
jet body. The inserted jet body must be fixed in the tool bearing housing in an demountable
or non-demountable manner to prevent the inserted jet from shifting or rotating during
the abrasive head operation. The inserted jet body material has the benefit of being
abrasion-resistant so that the inserted jet body outer section can resist loads from
flowing abrasive particles in the mixing chamber.
Tool design implementation
[0023] The tool design should be selected with respect to the tool load level. Stressed
tool components, bearing housings and jets may be made of hard metal or high-strength
abrasive-resistant steel (such as 17-4PH, 17022, 1.4057 or 17346 steel etc.) and it's
recommended to select high-strength materials such as diamond or sapphire for the
jets. For connections and unstressed tool parts, it's possible to select less resistant
materials such as PVC.
[0024] It's useful when the tool is made of a bearing housing in which the liquid jet inner
housing is inserted along with other tool components. The pressurized water connection
is located on the top part of the bearing housing. The liquid jet body, the common
channel housing, the inserted jet body and the mixing chamber housing are placed inside
the inner body while the housings and other components may be connected using threaded
joint, press connection or other permanent or demountable means. More housings and/or
components can be made of a single piece. The abrasive jet body is placed at the bottom
of the bearing housing. As a benefit, the abrasive jet body can be fixed in the bearing
housing with a threaded joint or can be attached to the bearing housing via a collet
with a nut. The mixing chamber can be a direct part of the bearing housing.
Summary of presented drawings
[0025]
- Fig 1.
- Technology status. A tool without separate clean gas infeed 96 without an inserted jet.
- Fig 2.
- A tool with separate clean air 96 infeed 26 without the gas and abrasive mixture recirculation 94.
- Fig 3.
- An abrasive head according to example 1 with clean gas 96 infeed 26 into the common channel 27 and an inserted jet 29.
- Fig 4.
- Abrasive head according to example 2 with three infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94, inserted jet 29, employing the jet outer shape 29.2 to appropriately finish the mixing chamber shape 22.
- Fig 5.
- Abrasive head according to example 3 with three infeeds 26 of clean 96, three infeeds 28 of gas and abrasive mixture 94, inserted jet 29, employing the jet outer shape 29.2 to appropriately shape the mixing chamber 22.
- Fig 6.
- Abrasive head according to example 4 with four liquid jets 21 and clean gas 96 infeed 26 through separated infeed channels 25 and four infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive 94 mixture into the mixing chamber 22.
- Fig 7.
- Abrasive head according to example 5 with three liquid jets 21 and a single infeed 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94 leading into the mixing chamber 22 downstream under 35°.
- Fig 8.
- Abrasive head according to example 6 with two liquid jets 21 and a single clean gas 96 infeed 26 through into the common channel 27 and three infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive 94 mixture into the mixing chamber 22.
- Fig 9.
- Abrasive head according to example 7 with five liquid jets 21 positioned in two depths of the unit and a single clean gas 96 infeed 26 with three gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeeds 28 into the mixing chamber 22.
- Fig 10.
- Abrasive head according to example 7 with two liquid jets 21 leading into the common channel 27 and a single clean gas 96 infeed 26 into the common channel 27 and three infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive 94 mixture into the mixing chamber.
Examples of Invention Execution
Example 1
[0026] An abrasive head with a clean gas infeed into the common channel and an inserted
jet.
[0027] Fig.3 shows a tool design example with clean gas intake
96 through the infeed
26 leading into the common channel
27 downstream the water jet
21 located downstream the pressurized liquid infeed
73. The water jet
21 is connected to the short infeed channel
25 leading into the common channel
27 together with the clean gas
96 infeed
26. The tool main components, i.e. water jet
21, mixing chamber
22 and abrasive jet
23 are positioned in the tool axis
55, while the liquid jet
21 axis
56 is identical with the infeed channel axis
25 and the tool axis
55. The common channel
27 is tapered downstream at its end with the inserted jet
29 delimited by its outer shape
29.2 and inner shape
29.1, while the ratio of the inner output cross section of the inserted jet
29 to the liquid jet cross section is 3:1. The inserted jet
29 leads into the mixing chamber
22 together with one infeed
28 of the gas and abrasive mixture
94. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 enters the mixing chamber
22 through the infeed
28 of the gas and abrasive mixture
94 automatically, just like the clean gas
96 is automatically intaken through the clean gas
26 infeed
96. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam
95 enters the abrasive jet
23 connected to the mixing chamber
22. The abrasive jet
23 is positioned in the tool axis
55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs
before impacting on the cut material.
[0028] The abrasive head bearing housing, where liquid jet body
21, mixing chamber housing
22 and abrasive jet body
23 are placed, contains infeed channel 25 downstream the water jet
21, clean gas
96infeed 26 and the infeed
28 of the gas and abrasive mixture
94. It's made of 17-4PH steel. The mixing chamber housing
22 is made of hard metal. The abrasive jet's housing
23 is made of hard metal. Clean gas
96 infeed
26 made of 17022 steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing. Gas and
abrasive mixture
94 infeed
28 made of 17022 steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing.
[0029] In case of a tool made according to example 1, there is no gas recirculation thanks
to the presence of clean gas
96 infeed
26 into the common channel
27. Thanks to the avoidance of recirculation and the inserted jet
29 of the common channel
27, the abrasive particles do not get near and do not harm the liquid jets
21. At the same time, there is no degradation of the abrasive particles themselves.
Example 2
[0030] Abrasive head with inserted jet, using its outer shape for appropriate mixing chamber
shape finishing.
[0031] Fig.4 shows a tool design example with inserted jet
29. The tool's main components - water jet
21, mixing chamber
22 and abrasive jet
23 - are located along the tool axis
55. The inserted jet
29 is located before the water jet
95 entering the mixing chamber
22, while_the ratio of the inserted jet inner output cross section
29 to the water jet cross section is 2.5:1 with the outer shape
29.2 of the jet being tapered downstream and the inserted jet being embedded into the
mixing chamber. The shape of the flow field at the inserted jet output
29 significantly reduces the abrasive particles passing through the inserted jet
29 up to the water jet
21. Three gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeeds
28 are connected to the mixing chamber
22. The mentioned gas and abrasive mixture
94 is automatically intaken into the mixing chamber
22 owing to the high-speed liquid beam
95 flowing along the tool axis
55. The abrasive particles accelerated in the mixing chamber
22 and the abrasive jet
23 then impact on the cut material.
[0032] The abrasive head bearing housing, where liquid jet body
21 and abrasive jet body
23 are placed, contains infeed channel
25 downstream the water jet
21, mixing chamber
22 and the infeed
28 of the gas and abrasive mixture
94. It's made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The abrasive jet's housing
23 is made of hard metal. Clean gas
96 infeed
26 made of 17346 steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing. The gas
and abrasive mixture
94 infeed
28 made of 17346 steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing.
[0033] In the tool made according to example 2, the gas recirculation is significantly reduced
thanks to the inserted jet
29 presence. Thanks to the avoidance of recirculation and the inserted jet
29 of the common channel
27, the abrasive particles do not get near and do not harm the liquid jet
21. At the same time, there is no degradation of the abrasive particles themselves.
Example 3
[0034] The abrasive head with four clean gas infeeds, infeed of gas and abrasive mixture,
inserted jet, employing the jet outer shape to appropriately shape the mixing chamber.
[0035] Fig.5 shows a tool design example with clean gas intake
96 using four infeeds
26 leading into the common channel
27 downstream the water jet
21 and with the inserted jet
29. The tool's main components - water jet
21, mixing chamber
22 and abrasive jet
23 - are located along the tool axis
55. Between the water jet
21 and the mixing chamber
22, clean gas
96 automatic intake is made through four infeeds
26 of the clean gas
96 connected to the common channel
27. The inserted
29 jet is positioned after the clean gas
96 infeed
26, while the ratio of the inserted jet's inner output cross section
29 to the liquid jet cross section is 2.7:1. The inserted jet's inner shape
29.1 is tapered downstream the high-speed liquid beam
95 in a manner that the flow field shape at the inserted jet's inner section output
29.1 prevents the abrasive particles from flowing back to the liquid jet
21. The inserted jet's outer shape
29.2, rounded and tapered downstream, helps to define the mixing chamber space
22 in a manner to avoid degradation of the abrasive particles as they interact with
the tool's neighboring walls while the gas and abrasive mixture
94 is flowing into the mixing chamber
22. Three gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeeds
28 lead into the mixing chamber
22. The mentioned gas and abrasive mixture
94 is automatically intaken into the mixing chamber
22 just like the clean gas
96 through the clean gas
96 infeed
26 owing to the high-speed liquid beam
95 flowing along the tool axis
55. The abrasive particles accelerated in the mixing chamber
22 and the abrasive jet
23 then impact on the cut material.
[0036] The abrasive head bearing housing, where liquid jet body
21 and abrasive jet body
23 are placed, contains infeed channel
25 downstream the water jet
21, clean gas
96 infeed
26, common channel
27, mixing chamber
22 and the infeed
28 of the gas and abrasive mixture
94. It's made of 17-4PH steel. The abrasive jet's housing
23 is made of hard metal. Clean gas
96 infeed
26 made of 17346 steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing. The gas
and abrasive mixture
94 infeed
28 made of 17346 steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing.
[0037] In case of a tool made according to example 3, there is no gas recirculation thanks
to the presence of clean gas
96 infeeds
26 into the common channel
27. Thanks to the avoidance of recirculation and the inserted jet
29 of the common channel
27, the abrasive particles do not get near and do not harm the liquid jets
21. At the same time, there is no degradation of the abrasive particles themselves.
Example 4
[0038] An abrasive head with four liquid (water) jets and clean gas intake through separated
infeed channels and four inputs of the gas and abrasive mixturen intake into the mixing
chamber.
[0039] Fig. 6 shows an example of the tool design with four water jets
21, while the water jets
21 are positioned in a rotationally symmetric pattern around the tool axis
55 after the pressurized liquid infeed
73. The axes
56 of the water jets
21 and those of the separated infeed channels
25 make an angle of 15° with the tool axis
55. Each water jet
21 is connected to its own infeed channel
25 with a constant cross section which allows the high-speed liquid beam
95 to flow from a given water jet
21 into the intersection defined by the intersection
56 of the fluid jet axes
21 and the tool axis
55. Each infeed channel
25 is equipped with clean a gas
96 infeed
26, while the clean gas
96 is being automatically intaken into the separated infeed channels
25. The clean gas
96 infeeds
26 lead into the common clean gas
96 distributor
72. Four separated infeed channels
25 merge into one common channel
27 with a constant cross section. At this point, individual liquid beams
95 merge into one common beam continuing along the tool axis
55. The common channel
27 is equipped with the inserted jet
2 before entering the mixing chamber
22, while the ratio of the inserted jet's inner output cross section
29 to the liquid jet cross section is 1.7:1. The inserted jet's outer shape
29.2, rounded and tapered downstream, helps to define the mixing chamber space
22 in a manner to avoid degradation of the abrasive particles as they interact with
the tool's neighboring walls while the gas and abrasive mixture
94 is flowing into the mixing chamber
22. Four gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeeds
28 lead into the mixing chamber
22. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 enters the mixing chamber
22 through the infeeds
28 of the gas and abrasive mixtures
94 automatically owing to the suction in the mixing chamber
22. The gas and abrasive
94 mixture infeeds
28 are connected to the common distributor
71 of the gas
94 and abrasive mixture. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam
92 enters the abrasive jet
23. The abrasive jet
23 is positioned in the tool axis
55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs
before impacting on the cut material.
[0040] The abrasive head's bearing housing where water jet housing
21, inserted jet
29, mixing chamber housing
22 and abrasive head housing
23 are placed is made of 17-4PH steel. The jet housing where the water jets
21 are placed is made of 17346 steel. The inserted jet body
29 is made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The mixing chamber housing
22 is made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The abrasive jet's housing
23 is made of hard metal. The clean gas
96 infeed
26 is made of PVC. The clean gas
96 distributor housing
72 is made is 17022 steel. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeed
28 is made of PVC. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 distributor housing
71 is made is 17346 steel.
[0041] In case of a tool made according to example 4, there is no gas recirculation thanks
to the presence of clean gas
96 infeeds
26 into the separated infeed channels
25. Thanks to the avoidance of recirculation and the inserted jet
29 of the common channel
27, the abrasive particles do not get near and do not harm the liquid jets
21. At the same time, there is no degradation of the abrasive particles themselves.
Example 5
[0042] An abrasive head with three liquid (water) jet and one input of gas and abrasive
mixture intake into the mixing chamber, with 45° inclination to the tool axis.
[0043] Fig. 7 shows an example of the tool design with three water jets
21, while the water jets
21 are positioned in a rotationally symmetric pattern around the tool axis
55 after the pressurized liquid infeed
73. The axes
56 of the water jets
21 and those of the separated infeed channels
25 make an angle of 10° with the tool axis
55. Each water jet
21 is connected to its own infeed channel
25 with a constant cross section which allows the high-speed liquid beam
95 to flow from a given water jet
21 into the intersection defined by the intersection
56 of the fluid jet axes
21 and the tool axis
55. Three separated infeed channels
25 merge into one common channel
27 with a constant cross section. At this point, individual liquid beams
95 merge into one common integrated beam
92 continuing along the tool axis
55. The common channel
27 is equipped with the inserted jet
29 before entering the mixing chamber
22, while the ratio of the inserted jet's inner output cross section
29 to the liquid jet cross section is 6:1. The inserted jet's outer conical shape
29.2, tapered downstream and embedded into the mixing chamber
22, helps to define the mixing chamber space
22 in a manner to avoid degradation of the abrasive particles as they interact with
the tool's neighboring walls while the gas and abrasive mixture
94 is flowing into the mixing chamber
22. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeed
28 inclined by 45° downstream to the tool's axis
55 leads into the mixing chamber
22. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 enters the mixing chamber
22 through the infeed
28 of the gas and abrasive mixtures
94 automatically owing to the suction in the mixing chamber
22. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam
92 enters the abrasive jet
23. The abrasive jet
23 is positioned in the tool axis
55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs
before impacting on the cut material.
[0044] The abrasive head's bearing housing where water jet housing
21, inserted jet
29, mixing chamber housing
22 and abrasive head housing
23 are placed is made of 17-4PH steel. The jet housing where the water jets
21 are placed is made of 17346 steel. The inserted jet body
29 is made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The mixing chamber housing
22 is made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The abrasive jet's body
23 is made of hard metal. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeed
28 is made of PVC.
[0045] In the case of the tool manufactured according to example 5, there is no gas recirculation
thanks to the gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeed
28 inclination, defined ratio between the liquid jet outputs
21 and the inserted jet
29 as well as embedding the inserted jet's body
29 into the mixing chamber
22, while the outer shape
29.2 of the inserted jet
29 finishes the mixing chamber shape
22, thus contributing to eliminate the penetration of the abrasive particles to the
liquid jets
21. Thanks to the avoidance of recirculation and the inserted jet
29 of the common channel
27, the abrasive particles do not get near and do not harm the liquid jets
21. At the same time, there is no degradation of the abrasive particles themselves.
Example 6
[0046] An abrasive head with two liquid (water) jets and clean gas intake into the common
channel and three inputs of the gas and abrasive mixture intake into the mixing chamber.
[0047] Fig. 8 shows an example of the tool design with two water jets
21, while the water jets
21 are positioned in a rotationally symmetric pattern around the tool axis 55 after
the pressurized liquid infeed
73. The axes
56 of the water jets
21 and those of the separated infeed channels
25 make an angle of 10° with the tool axis
55. Each water jet
21 is connected to its own infeed channel
25 with a constant cross section which allows the high-speed liquid beam
95 to flow from a given water jet
21 into the intersection defined by the intersection
56 of the fluid jet axes
21 and the tool axis
55. Two separated infeed channels
25 merge into one common channel
27 with a constant cross section. At this point, individual liquid beams
95 merge into one common beam continuing along the tool axis
55. The common channel
27 is equipped with clean a gas
96 infeed
26, while the clean gas
96 is being automatically intaken into the infeed channel
25. The common channel
27 is equipped with the inserted jet
29 before entering the mixing chamber
22. The inserted jet's outer shape
29.2, rounded and tapered downstream, helps to define the mixing chamber space
22 in a manner to avoid degradation of the abrasive particles as they interact with
the tool's neighboring walls while the gas and abrasive mixture
94 is flowing into the mixing chamber
22. Three gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeeds
28 lead into the mixing chamber
22. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 enters the mixing chamber
22 through the infeeds
28 of the gas and abrasive mixtures
94 automatically owing to the suction in the mixing chamber
22. The gas and abrasive
94 mixture infeeds
28 are connected to the common distributor
71 of the gas
94 and abrasive mixture. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam
92 enters the abrasive jet
23. The abrasive jet
23 is positioned in the tool axis
55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs
before impacting on the cut material.
[0048] The abrasive head's bearing housing where water jet housing
21, inserted jet
29, mixing chamber housing
22 and abrasive head housing
23 are placed is made of 17-4PH steel. The jet housing where the water jets
21 are placed is made of 17346 steel. The inserted jet body
29 is made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The mixing chamber housing
22 is made of 1734 steel. The abrasive jet's body
23 is made of hard metal. The clean gas
96 infeed
26 is made of PVC. The clean gas
96 distributor housing
72 is made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeed
28 is made of PVC. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 distributor housing
71 is made of 17346 steel.
[0049] In case of a tool made according to example 6, there is no gas recirculation thanks
to the presence of clean gas
96 infeed
26 into the common channel
27. Thanks to the avoidance of recirculation and the inserted jet
29 of the common channel
27, the abrasive particles do not get near and do not harm the liquid jets
21. At the same time, there is no degradation of the abrasive particles themselves.
Example 7
[0050] An abrasive head with five liquid (water) jets positioned in two depths of the unit
and clean gas intake through a single clean gas infeed and three inputs of the gas
and abrasive mixture intake into the mixing chamber.
[0051] Fig. 9 shows an example of the tool design with five water jets
21 positioned in two sets, while the water jets
21 are positioned in a rotationally symmetric two-depth pattern around the tool axis
55 after the pressurized liquid infeed
73. The axes
56 of the water jets
21 in the first set and those of the separated infeed channels
25 make an angle of 12° with the tool axis
55. The axes
56 of the water jets
21 in the second set and those of the separated infeed channels
25 make an angle of 10° with the tool axis
55. Each water jet
21 is connected to its own infeed channel
25 with a constant cross section which allows the high-speed liquid beam
95 to flow from a given water jet
21 into the intersection defined by the intersection
56 of the fluid jet axes
21 and the tool axis
55. The tool incorporates two intersection. First, the first three axes
56 of the liquid jets
21 intersect along with the tool axis
55. Then, another two axes
56 of the liquid jets
21 meet at the second point of intersection along with the
55 tool axis and the merged beam of the first three liquid jets
21. Three separated infeed channels
25 merge into one common channel
27 with a constant cross section. At this point, individual liquid beams
95 merge into one common beam continuing along the tool axis
55. The common channel
27 is equipped with clean a gas
96 infeed
26, while the clean gas
96 is being automatically intaken into the common channel
27. The common channel
27 is equipped with the inserted jet formed by tapering
29 before entering the mixing chamber
22. The first intersection is located in the common channel
27, the second one in the inserted jet
29. This point is where all the liquid beams
95 merge into the single common beam
92 which further continues along the tool axis
55 into the mixing chamber
22. The inserted jet's outer shape
29.2, rounded and tapered downstream, helps to define the mixing chamber space
22 in a manner to avoid degradation of the abrasive particles as they interact with
the tool's neighboring walls while the gas and abrasive mixture
94 is flowing into the mixing chamber
22. Three gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeeds
28 lead into the mixing chamber
22 under an angle of 25° to the tool axis. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 enters the mixing chamber
22 through the infeeds
28 of the gas and abrasive mixtures
94 automatically owing to the suction in the mixing chamber
22. The gas and abrasive
94 mixture infeeds
28 are connected to the common distributor
71 of the gas
94 and abrasive mixture. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam
92 enters the abrasive jet
23. The abrasive jet
23 is positioned in the tool axis
55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs
before impacting on the cut material.
[0052] The abrasive head's supporting housing where liquid jets
21, inserted jet
29 formed by the inserted jet body, mixing chamber housing
22 and abrasive head housing
23, is made of 17346 steel. The mixing chamber housing
22 is made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The abrasive jet's body
23 is made of hard metal. The clean gas
96 infeed
26 is made of 17-4PH steel. The clean gas
96 distributor housing
72 is made is 17022 steel. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeed
28 is made of PVC. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 distributor housing
71 is made of 17346 steel.
[0053] In case of a tool made according to example 7, there is no gas recirculation thanks
to the presence of clean gas
96 infeed
26 into the common channel
27. Thanks to the avoidance of recirculation and the inserted jet
29 of the common channel
27, the abrasive particles do not get near and do not harm the liquid jets
21. At the same time, there is no degradation of the abrasive particles themselves.
Example 8
[0054] An abrasive head with two liquid (water) jets leading directly into the common channel
and the clean gas intake into the common channel and three inputs of the gas and abrasive
mixture intake into the mixing chamber.
[0055] Fig. 10 shows an example of the tool design with two water jets
21, while the water jets
21 are positioned in a rotationally symmetric pattern around the tool axis
55 after the pressurized liquid infeed
73. The water jet
21 axes
56 make an angle of 10° with the tool axis
55. Both water jets
21 lead directly into the common channel 27 with a constant cross section which allows
the high-speed liquid beam
95 to flow from a given water jet
21 into the intersection defined by the intersection
56 of the fluid jet axes
21 and the tool axis
55. At this point, individual liquid beams
95 merge into one common beam continuing along the tool axis
55. The common channel
27 is equipped with clean a gas
96 infeed
26, while the clean gas
96 is being automatically intaken into the infeed channel
25. The common channel
27 is equipped with the inserted jet
29 before entering the mixing chamber
22, while the ratio of the inserted jet's inner cross section
29 to the liquid jet cross section is 1.3:1. The inserted jet's outer shape
29.2, which is tapered downstream, helps to define the mixing chamber space
22 in a manner to avoid degradation of the abrasive particles as they interact with
the tool's neighboring walls while the gas and abrasive mixture
94 is flowing into the mixing chamber
22. Three gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeeds
28 lead into the mixing chamber
22 under an angle of 25° to the tool axis. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 enters the mixing chamber
22 through the infeeds
28 of the gas and abrasive mixtures
94 automatically owing to the suction in the mixing chamber
22. The gas and abrasive
94 mixture infeeds
28 are connected to the common distributor
71 of the gas
94 and abrasive mixture. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam
92 enters the abrasive jet
23. The abrasive jet
23 is positioned in the tool axis
55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs
before impacting on the cut material.
[0056] The abrasive head's bearing housing where water jet housing
21, inserted jet
29, mixing chamber housing
22 and abrasive head housing
23 are placed is made of 17-4PH steel. The jet housing where the water jets
21 are placed is made of 17346 steel. The inserted jet body
29 is made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The mixing chamber housing
22 is made of 17346 steel. The abrasive jet's body
23 is made of hard metal. The clean gas
96 infeed
26 is made of PVC. The clean gas
96 distributor housing
72 is made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 infeed
28 is made of PVC. The gas and abrasive mixture
94 distributor housing
71 is made of 17346 steel.
[0057] In case of a tool made according to example 6, there is no gas recirculation thanks
to the presence of clean gas
96 infeed
26 into the common channel
27. Thanks to the avoidance of recirculation and the inserted jet
29 of the common channel
27, the abrasive particles do not get near and do not harm the liquid jets
21. At the same time, there is no degradation of the abrasive particles themselves.
List reference marks
[0058]
21 - liquid jet
22 - mixing chamber
23 - abrasive jet
25 - infeed channel
26 - clean gas infeeds 96
27 - common channel
28 - infeeds of gas and abrasive mixture 94
29 - inserted jet, common channel tapering 27
29.1 - inner shape of inserted jet
29.2 - outer shape of inserted jet
55 - tool axis
56 - liquid jet axis 21
71 - distributor of gas and abrasive mixture 94
72 - clean gas distributor 96
73 - pressurized liquid infeed
75 - abrasive jet cylindrical section 23
92 - common liquid beam
94 - gas and abrasive mixture
95 - liquid beam
96 - clean gas
Applicability in Industry
[0059] Cleaning materials, removing material surfaces, splitting or cutting materials by
liquid beam enriched with abrasive solid particles.