TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a rail vehicle body and a rail vehicle with improved
crashworthiness.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Crashworthiness standards for railway vehicle bodies define a series of collision
scenarios and identify common methods of providing passive safety that may be adopted
to suit individual vehicle requirements. European Standard EN 15227:2008+A1:2010 also
specifies the characteristics of reference obstacles for use in the design collision
scenarios. Some of the scenarios deal with rigid or massive obstacles and others with
deformable obstacles, leading to potentially conflicting optimisation strategies.
[0003] A rail vehicle comprising a rigid chassis extending under the driver's cab is known
from
EP 1 215 098 A1. It comprises a protection shield, located in front of the cab, provided with a rigid
structure. The shield rests on the chassis and is connected to the chassis by an energy
absorbing element interposed between the shield and the chassis.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The invention aims to provide improved response to a collision scenario dealing with
a deformable obstacle without negatively impacting the response to a collision scenario
dealing with an identical train unit.
[0005] According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a rail vehicle body
having a longitudinal vertical median plane and comprising:
- an end structure facing a longitudinal forward direction, wherein the end structure
comprises a non-deformable structural framework defining a vertical transversal reference
plane of the rail vehicle body perpendicular to the longitudinal forward direction,
- a set of one or more non-deformable obstacle-removing rams integral with the non-deformable
structural framework and protruding from the vertical transversal reference plane
in the longitudinal forward direction, and
- a set of one or more free spaces, each corresponding to a corresponding one of the
non-deformable obstacle-removing rams, wherein each of the free spaces has a location
and dimensions such as to contain at least a symmetric image of the corresponding
non-deformable obstacle-removing ram obtained by rotating an external surface of the
corresponding non-deformable obstacle-removing ram by 180° about a vertical line of
symmetry located at an intersection between the longitudinal vertical median plane
and the vertical transversal reference plane.
[0006] The non-deformable obstacle-removing rams provide means for removing a deformable
obstacle without deforming the end structure of the rail vehicle body. The corresponding
free spaces ensure that in a collision scenario involving an identical train unit,
the non-deformable obstacle-removing rams will not collide first with the obstacle.
In the whole application the terms "non-deformable" with reference to the non-deformable
obstacle-removing rams shall mean that the rams are able to withstand without plastic
deformation an impact with the specific deformable obstacle defined in the European
Standard EN 15227:2008+A1:2010 in the conditions specified in the Standard. More generally,
it shall mean that the rams are able to withstand without plastic deformation an impact
with an obstacle which has the following characteristics: a mass of 15 000 kg, a centre
of mass at 1 750 mm above rail level, no friction to the ground and a stiffness of
less than 6430 kN/mm.
[0007] Preferably, each of the free spaces has a width measured perpendicularly to the longitudinal
vertical median plane, which is greater than a width of the symmetric image of the
corresponding non-deformable obstacle-removing ram, preferably with a transverse clearance
greater than 100mm, most preferably greater than 200mm. The transverse clearance will
compensate potential misalignments between two identical colliding rail vehicles on
a straight track. Such misalignment may result, in particular, from the lateral clearance
between the car body and the running gear and from the lateral clearance between the
wheels and the track.
[0008] According to one embodiment, the non-deformable structural framework includes a set
of non-deformable beams extending in the vertical transversal reference plane and
supporting the set of one or more non-deformable obstacle-removing rams, and the set
of non-deformable beams preferably includes a transverse beam and one or more vertical
beams extending between a subframe of the non-deformable structural framework and
the transverse beam, each of the one or more vertical beams supporting one of the
non-deformable obstacle-removing rams.
[0009] According to one embodiment, the forward end of each of the one or more non-deformable
obstacle-removing rams has a slanted shape.
[0010] Preferably, a set of shock absorbing elements in a non-deformed state, which protrudes
from the vertical transversal reference plane in the longitudinal forward direction
at a vertical distance Z below the set of one or more non-deformable obstacle-removing
rams, wherein the shock absorbing elements are deformable in a deformed state upon
impact with an obstacle. In the collision scenario against an identical train unit,
the shock-absorbing elements will be the first to collide with the obstacle.
[0011] The shock-absorbing elements should preferably not be involved in the collision scenario
against the deformable obstacle and should therefore preferably be at a substantial
distance below the non-deformable obstacle-removing rams. Preferably, the vertical
distance Z is more than 400 mm, preferably more than 500 mm, most preferably more
than 600 mm. Preferably, the shock absorbing elements have a front end which, in the
deformed state of the shock absorbing elements, is tangent to a rearward vertical
transverse plane, which is in front of, or coplanar with, the vertical transversal
reference plane.
[0012] The shock-absorbing elements should preferably be dimensioned such as to absorb a
significant part of the collision energy in the collision scenario with an identical
train. Preferably, the rail vehicle body has a mass M and the shock absorbing elements
are such as to absorb an energy greater than ½
MV2 with
V=110km/h when deformed from the non-deformed state to the deformed state.
[0013] The non-deformable obstacle removing rams should preferably be dimensioned such that,
in a collision scenario with a 80t wagon provided with elastomeric buffers as defined
in the European Standard EN 15227:2008+A1:2010, they never contact the obstacle. Therefore,
the shock absorbing elements have a front end which, in the non-deformed state of
the shock absorbing elements, is at a predetermined distance Y1 in front of the vertical
transversal reference plane, and
[0014] The non-deformable obstacle removing rams should preferably be dimensioned such that
they contact and possibly remove the deformable obstacle before it reaches the shock-absorbing
elements. According to one embodiment, the forward end of the obstacle-removing rams
is located at a predetermined distance
Y2 from the vertical transversal reference plane, and
[0015] Referring to the specific deformable obstacle defined in the European Standard EN
15227:2008+A1:2010, the following inequality holds true:
[0016] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a rail vehicle comprising
the rail vehicle body as described hereinbefore and a set of running gears for carrying
and guiding the rail vehicle body along a track, wherein the running gears define
a track level, wherein the set of one or more non-deformable obstacle-removing rams
protrudes from the vertical transversal reference plane in the longitudinal forward
direction at a predetermined height
Z2 above the track level and the set of shock absorbing elements protrudes from the
vertical transversal reference plane in the longitudinal forward direction at a predetermined
height
Z1 above the track level, wherein:
[0017] The obstacle-removing rams are specifically located at a height that will collide
with a deformable obstacle, whereas the shock absorbing elements are located below
the deformable part of the obstacle. Preferably:
[0018] According to a most preferred embodiment:
[0019] In order to ensure that the non-deformable obstacle removing rams contact and possibly
remove the deformable obstacle before it reaches the shock-absorbing elements, the
following should preferably hold true:
[0020] According to a another aspect of the invention, there is provided a rail vehicle
comprising the rail vehicle body as described hereinbefore and a set of running gears
for carrying and guiding the rail vehicle body along a track, in particular a rail
vehicle as described hereinbefore, wherein the running gears are such that the vehicle
body has a given lateral clearance relative to a mid-path defined by the track in
a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal vertical median plane, and
each of the free spaces has a location and dimensions such as to contain a second
image of the corresponding non-deformable obstacle-removing ram which results from
a translation of the symmetric image in the transverse direction with an amplitude
equal to the lateral clearance.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0021] Other advantages and features of the invention will then become more clearly apparent
from the following description of a specific embodiment of the invention given as
non-restrictive examples only and represented in the accompanying drawings in which:
- figure 1 is an isometric view of an end structure of a vehicle body of a rail vehicle
according to one embodiment of the invention;
- figure 2 is a side view of the end structure of figure 1 in front of a deformable
obstacle;
- figure 3 is a side view of the end structure of figure 1 after collision with the
deformable obstacle;
- figure 4 is a top view of illustrating two end structures of two vehicle bodies according
to the embodiment of figure 1, facing one another;
- figure 5 is a top view of illustrating one end structure of a vehicle body according
to the embodiment of figure 1, after a frontal collision with a similar vehicle.
[0022] Corresponding reference numerals refer to the same or corresponding parts in each
of the figures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0023] With reference to Figures
1, 2 and
4, an end structure
10 of a vehicle body
12 of a rail vehicle
14 comprises a non-deformable structural framework
16 defining a vertical transversal reference plane
100 of the rail vehicle body
12 perpendicular to a longitudinal forward direction
200, and to a longitudinal vertical median plane
300 of the vehicle body
12. The non-deformable structural framework
16 includes a subframe
18, a transverse beam
20, which constitutes a window sill for a windshield opening
22 of the rail vehicle
16, vertical beams
24, 26 extending in the vertical transversal reference plane
100 between the subframe
18 and the transverse beam
20 and slanted side posts
28, 30 extending between the transverse beam
20 and a roof structure
32 of the vehicle body
12. Remarkably, the longitudinal vertical median plane
300 is not a plane of symmetry for the vertical beams
24, 26, i.e. the vertical beam
24 on one side of the longitudinal vertical median plane is not at the same distance
from the plane
300 as the vertical beam
26 on the other side.
[0024] The rail vehicle body
12 further comprises a set of shock absorbing elements
34, 36 protruding from the vertical transversal reference plane
100 in the longitudinal forward direction
200. The shock absorbing elements
34, 36 are such as to absorb an energy greater than ½
MV2 when crushed from the non-deformed state to a crushed state, where
V=110km/h and
M is the mass of rail vehicle body. The shock absorbing elements
34, 36 have a front end
34F, 36F, which, in a non-deformed state of the shock absorbing elements, is at a predetermined
distance
Y1 in front of the vertical transversal reference plane
100. Each shock absorbing element
34 on one side of the longitudinal vertical median plane
300 as a corresponding symmetric shock absorbing element
36 on the other side of the longitudinal vertical median plane.
[0025] As illustrated in figure
2, the rail vehicle
14 comprises a set of running gears
38 for carrying and guiding the rail vehicle body
12 along a track
40. The running gears
38 define a track level
400, and the set of shock absorbing elements are at a predetermined height
Z1 above the track level
400. Preferably,
[0026] The rail vehicle body
12 further comprises a set of two non-deformable obstacle-removing rams
42, 44 integral with the non-deformable structural framework
16 and protruding from the vertical transversal reference plane
100 in the longitudinal forward direction
200. The non-deformable obstacle-removing rams
42, resp.
44 are supported at their rear end by one of the vertical beams
24, resp.
26 and have a protruding slanted front end
42F, resp.
44F. As best illustrated in figure
4, the two non-deformable obstacle-removing rams
42, 44 are at different distances from the longitudinal vertical median plane
300. As a result, the rail vehicle body
12 further comprises two free spaces
46, resp.
48, one on each side of the longitudinal vertical median plane
300, each at the same distance from the longitudinal vertical median plane
300 as the non-deformable obstacle-removing ram
44, resp.
42 on the other side of the longitudinal vertical median plane
300.
[0027] The non-deformable obstacle-removing rams
42, 44 protrude from the vertical transversal reference plane
100 in the longitudinal forward direction
200 at a predetermined height Zz above the track level and above the shock absorbing
elements
36, 38, such that:
[0028] Preferably, the height
Z2 is such that:
[0029] As best depicted in Figure 4, each of the free spaces
46, resp.
48 has a location and dimensions such as to contain a symmetric image
544, resp.
542 of the corresponding non-deformable obstacle-removing ram
44, resp.
42 obtained by rotating an external surface of the corresponding non-deformable obstacle-removing
ram by 180° about a vertical line of symmetry
500 located at an intersection between the longitudinal vertical median plane
300 and a forward plane
600 parallel to the vertical transversal reference plane
100 and tangent to the forward end
44F, 42F of the corresponding non-deformable obstacle removing ram
44, resp.
42.
[0030] In other words, assuming that the end structure
10 of the rail vehicle
14 faces an identical end structure
10' of another rail vehicle as depicted in figure
4, each non-deformable obstacle-removing ram
42, 44, 42', 44' faces one of the free spaces
48', 46', resp.
48, 46 of the opposite end structure
10'. If the two end structures
10, 10' collide, each non-deformable obstacle-removing ram
42, 44, resp.
42', 44' will enter the opposite free space
48', 46', resp.
48, 46. In a collision scenario involving two identical train units, the shock absorbing
elements
36, 38, 36', 38' will start collapsing before the non-deformable obstacle-removing rams
42, 44, resp.
42', 44' collide with the non-deformable structural framework
16', 16 of the opposite vehicle.
[0031] Taking now into consideration the deformation of the shock absorbing elements
34, 36 of the end structure
10 in a collision scenario with a vehicle having a similar end structure
10', a reward vertical transverse plane
600' tangent to the front end
34F, 36F of the shock absorbing elements
34, 36 in their deformed state has been illustrated in figure
5. In Figure
5, only the end structure
10 has been shown. The reward vertical transverse plane
600' is located slightly in front of the vertical transversal reference plane
100, which ensures that in a collision scenario involving two identical train units, the
shock absorbing elements
36, 38, 36', 38' will have completely collapsed before the non-deformable obstacle-removing rams
42, 44, resp.
42', 44' collide with the non-deformable structural framework
16', 16 of the opposite vehicle.
[0032] The set of running gears
38 for carrying and guiding the rail vehicle body
12 along the track
40 are such that the vehicle body
12 has a given lateral clearance relative to a mid-path defined by the track in a transverse
direction perpendicular to the longitudinal vertical median plane
300. This lateral clearance is partly related to the freedom of motion of the rail vehicle
body
12 relative to the wheelsets of the running gear
38 allowed by the suspension, and partly related to the hunting oscillation of the wheelsets.
Preferably, each of the free spaces
46, 48, has a location and dimensions such as to contain a second image of the corresponding
non-deformable obstacle-removing ram which results from a translation of the symmetric
image in the transverse direction with an amplitude equal to the lateral clearance.
Preferably, each of the free spaces
46, 48 has a width measured perpendicularly to the longitudinal vertical median plane, which
is greater than a width of the symmetric image of the corresponding non-deformable
obstacle-removing ram, preferably with a transverse clearance greater than 100mm,
most preferably greater than 200mm.
[0033] The non-deformable obstacle-removing rams
42, 44 are located at a vertical distance
Z above the shock absorbing elements, which is more than 400 mm, preferably more than
500 mm, most preferably more than 600 mm. The obstacle-removing rams
42, 44 have a front end
42F, 44F, which is located at a predetermined distance
Y2 from the vertical transversal reference plane, such that in a collision scenario
with a standardised equivalent deformable obstacle
700 depicted in figure
3, they will collide with the obstacle
700 before the shock absorbing elements
34, 36 do.
[0034] The equivalent obstacle
700 of figure
3 is defined by the European Standard EN 15227:2008+A1:2010 and is representative of
a large heavy obstacle at a level crossing. During the impact, the upper protruding
part
710 of the deformable obstacle
700 collapses and absorbs a substantial part of the kinetic energy, as illustrated in
figure
3. The lower part
720 of the deformable obstacle
700 starts moving together with the upper part
710 in the forward direction
200 of the rail vehicle
14 even before it is pushed by the shock absorbing elements
34, 36. When, finally, the contact between the shock absorbing elements
34, 36 and the lower part
720 of the standard deformable obstacle
700 takes place, a substantial amount of energy has already been absorbed by the deformation
and acceleration of the upper part
710 of the obstacle 700.
[0035] To achieve the desired sequence of events, the distance
Y1 between the vertical transverse plane
100 and the front end
34F, 36F of the shock absorbing elements
34, 36, i.e. the operative length of the shock absorbing elements
34, 36, and the distance
Y2 between the vertical transversal reference plane
100 and the front end
42F, 44F of the obstacle removing rams
42, 44 are preferably such that:
[0036] Preferably, the distances
Y1 and
Y2 are related to the height
Z1 of the shock absorbing elements
34, 36 above the track
40 as follows:
[0037] Preferably, the distances
Y1 and
Y2 are related to the height Zz of the non-deformable obstacle-removing rams
42, 44 above the track as follows:
[0038] Remarkably, the stiffness of the non-deformable beams
20, 24, 26 should be such that the non-deformable structural framework
16 does not substantially deform upon impact with the standard equivalent deformable
obstacle
700, as illustrated in figure
3.
[0039] The rail vehicle body
12 further comprises a train coupler
50, which is centrally located between the shock absorbing elements
34, 36, at a height
Z3 above the track, which is in the same range as the height
Z1 of the shock absorbing elements
34, 36, i.e. such that:
[0040] However, the influence of the train coupler
50 in the collision scenarios discussed hereinbefore can be omitted. It is therefore
not relevant whether the train coupler
50 will reach the standard equivalent deformable obstacle
700 before or after the non-deformable obstacle-removing rams
42, 44. This is the reason why the train coupler
50 was not illustrated in figures
2 and
3.
[0041] Obviously, the invention can be generalised to structural framework with more than
two non-deformable obstacle-removing rams
42, 44.
1. A rail vehicle body (12) having a longitudinal vertical median plane (300) and comprising
an end structure (10) facing a longitudinal forward direction (200), wherein the end
structure (10) comprises a non-deformable structural framework (16) defining a vertical
transversal reference plane (100) of the rail vehicle body (12) perpendicular to the
longitudinal forward direction (200),
characterised in that the rail vehicle body (12) further comprises
- a set of one or more non-deformable obstacle-removing rams (42, 44) integral with
the non-deformable structural framework (16) and protruding from the vertical transversal
reference plane (100) in the longitudinal forward direction (200), and
- a set of one or more free spaces (48, 46), each corresponding to a corresponding
one of the non-deformable obstacle-removing rams (42, 44), wherein each of the free
spaces (48, 46) has a location and dimensions such as to contain at least a symmetric
image (542, 544) of the corresponding non-deformable obstacle-removing ram (42, 44)
obtained by rotating an external surface of the corresponding non-deformable obstacle-removing
ram (42, 44) by 180° about a vertical line of symmetry (500) located at an intersection
between the longitudinal vertical median plane (300) and the vertical transversal
reference plane (100).
2. The rail vehicle body of claim 1, wherein each of the free spaces (48, 46) has a width
measured perpendicularly to the longitudinal vertical median plane (300), which is
greater than a width of the symmetric image (542, 544) of the corresponding non-deformable
obstacle-removing ram (42, 44), preferably with a transverse clearance greater than
100mm, most preferably greater than 200mm.
3. The rail vehicle body of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-deformable
structural framework (16) includes a set of non-deformable beams (20, 24, 26) extending
in the vertical transversal reference plane (100) and supporting the set of one or
more non-deformable obstacle-removing rams (42, 44), and the set of non-deformable
beams (20, 24, 26) preferably includes a transverse beam (20) and one or more vertical
beams (24, 26) extending between a subframe (18) of the non-deformable structural
framework (16) and the transverse beam (20), each of the one or more vertical beams
(24, 26) supporting one of the non-deformable obstacle-removing rams (42, 44).
4. The rail vehicle body of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the forward end
(42F, 44F) of each of the one or more non-deformable obstacle-removing rams (42, 44)
has a slanted shape.
5. The rail vehicle body of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a set
of shock absorbing elements (34, 36) in a non-deformed state, which protrudes from
the vertical transversal reference plane (100) in the longitudinal forward direction
(200) at a vertical distance Z below the set of one or more non-deformable obstacle-removing
rams (42, 44), wherein the shock absorbing elements (34, 36) are deformable in a deformed
state upon impact with an obstacle.
6. The rail vehicle body of claim 5, wherein the shock absorbing elements (34, 36) have
a front end (34F, 36F) which, in the deformed state of the shock absorbing elements
(34, 36), is tangent to a rearward vertical transverse plane (600'), which is in front
of, or coplanar with, the vertical transversal reference plane (100).
7. The rail vehicle body of any one of claims 5 to 6, wherein the rail vehicle body (12)
has a mass M and the shock absorbing elements (34, 36) are such as to absorb an energy
greater than ½ MV2 with V=110km/h when deformed from the non-deformed state to the deformed state.
8. The rail vehicle body of any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the shock absorbing elements
(34, 36) have a front end (34F, 36F) which, in the non-deformed state of the shock
absorbing elements (34, 36), is at a predetermined distance
Y1 in front of the vertical transversal reference plane (100), and
9. The rail vehicle body of claim 8, wherein the forward end (42F, 46F) of the obstacle-removing
rams (42, 44) is located at a predetermined distance
Y2 from the vertical transversal reference plane (100), and
10. The rail vehicle body of claim 9, wherein
11. A rail vehicle comprising the rail vehicle body of any one of claims 5 to 10 and a
set of running gears (38) for carrying and guiding the rail vehicle body (12) along
a track (40), wherein the running gears (38) define a track level (40), wherein the
set of one or more non-deformable obstacle-removing rams (42, 44) protrudes from the
vertical transversal reference plane (100) in the longitudinal forward direction at
a predetermined height
Z2 above the track level and the set of shock absorbing elements (34, 36) protrudes
from the vertical transversal reference plane (100) in the longitudinal forward direction
at a predetermined height
Z1 above the track level, wherein:
12. The rail vehicle of claim 11, wherein
13. The rail vehicle of any one of claims 11 to 12, wherein:
14. The rail vehicle of any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the rail vehicle body (100)
is according to any one of claims 8 to 10 and
15. A rail vehicle comprising the rail vehicle body (12) of any one of claims 1 to 10
and a set of running gears (38) for carrying and guiding the rail vehicle body (12)
along a track (40), preferably the rail vehicle of any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein
the running gears (38) are such that the vehicle body (12) has a given lateral clearance
relative to a mid-path defined by the track (40) in a transverse direction perpendicular
to the longitudinal vertical median plane (300), and each of the free spaces (48,
46) has a location and dimensions such as to contain a second image of the corresponding
non-deformable obstacle-removing ram (32, 34) which results from a translation of
the symmetric image in the transverse direction with an amplitude equal to the lateral
clearance.
1. Schienenfahrzeug-Körper (12) mit einer länglichen, vertikalen, medianen Ebene (300)
und umfassend eine Endstruktur (10) gegenüber einer Längs-Vorwärtsrichtung (200),
wobei die Endstruktur (10) einen nicht verformbaren Strukturrahmen (16) umfasst, der
eine vertikale, transversale Referenzebene (100) des Schienenfahrzeugkörpers (12)
lotrecht zu der Längs-Vorwärtsrichtung (200) umfasst,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schienenfahrzeug-Körper (12) weiterhin umfasst:
- einen Satz von einer oder mehreren nicht verformbaren, Hindernisse beiseite räumenden
Ramme(n) (42, 44), die fester Bestandteil des nicht verformbaren Strukturrahmens (16)
sind aus der vertikalen, transversalen Referenzebene (100) in der Längs-Vorwärtsrichtung
(200) hervorstehen, und
- einen Satz aus einem freien Raum oder mehreren freien Räumen (48, 46), von denen
jeder einem entsprechenden der nicht verformbaren, Hindernisse beiseite räumenden
Rammen (42, 44) entspricht, wobei jeder der freien Räume (48, 46) einen Standort und
Abmessungen derart aufweist, dass er wenigstens ein symmetrisches Bild (542, 544)
der entsprechenden, nicht verformbaren, Hindernisse beiseite räumenden Ramme (42,
44)enthält, die durch Drehen einer externen Oberfläche der entsprechenden, nicht verformbaren,
Hindernisse beiseite räumenden Ramme (42, 44) um 180° um eine vertikale Symmetrieachse
(500) erhalten ist, die an einem Schnittpunkt zwischen der länglichen, vertikalen,
medianen Ebene (300) und der vertikalen, transversalen Referenzebene (100) angeordnet
ist.
2. Schienenfahrzeug-Körper gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei jeder der freien Räume (48, 46) eine
Breite lotrecht zu der länglichen, vertikalen, medianen Ebene (300) gemessen aufweist,
die größer ist als eine Breite des symmetrischen Bildes (542, 544) der entsprechenden
nicht verformbaren, Hindernisse beiseite räumenden Ramme (42, 44), bevorzugt mit einer
transversalen Lücke, die größer ist als 100 mm, weiter bevorzugt größer als 200 mm.
3. Schienenfahrzeug-Körper gemäß einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der nicht
verformbare Strukturrahmen (16) einen Satz nicht verformbarer Holme (20, 24, 26) aufweist,
die sich in der vertikalen, transversalen Referenzebene (100) erstrecken und den Satz
aus einer oder mehreren, nicht verformbaren, Hindernisse beiseite räumenden Ramme(n)
(42, 44) abstützen und der Satz nicht verformbarer Holme (20, 24, 26) bevorzugt einen
transversalen Holm (20) und einen oder mehrere vertikale (n) Holm(e) (24, 26) enthält,
der / die sich zwischen einem Teilrahmen (18) des nicht verformbaren Strukturrahmens
(16) und dem transversalen Holm (20) erstreckt / erstrecken, wobei jeder des einen
oder der mehreren Holm(e) (24, 26) einen der nicht verformbaren, Hindernisse beiseite
räumenden Rammen (42, 44) abstützt.
4. Schienenfahrzeug-Körper gemäß irgendeinem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das
nach vorn gerichtete Ende (42F, 44F) jede der einen oder mehreren nicht verformbaren,
Hindernisse beiseite räumenden Ramme(n) (42, 44) eine abgeschrägte Form aufweist.
5. Schienenfahrzeug-Körper gemäß irgendeinem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, weiterhin
umfassend einen Satz aus Stoßfänger-Elementen (34, 36) in einem nicht verformbaren
Zustand, der aus der vertikalen, transversalen Referenzebene (100) in der Längs-Vorwärtsrichtung
(200) in einer vertikalen Ebene Z unterhalb des Satzes von einer oder mehreren nicht
verformbaren, Hindernisse beiseite räumenden Ramme(n) (42, 44) hervorsteht, wobei
die Stoßfänger-Elemente (34, 36) in einem bei Aufprall auf ein Hindernis verformten
Zustand verformbar sind.
6. Schienenfahrzeug-Körper gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei die Stoßfänger-Elemente (34, 36) ein
vorderes Ende (34F, 36F) aufweisen, das im verformten Zustand der Stoßfänger-Elemente
(34, 36) in einer nach rückwärts ausgerichteten, vertikalen, transversalen Ebene (600')
anliegend ist, die vor der vertikalen, transversalen Referenzebene (100) oder koplanar
mit ihr angeordnet ist.
7. Schienenfahrzeug-Körper gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 5 bis 6, wobei der Schienenfahrzeug-Körper
(12) eine Masse M aufweist und die Stoßfänger-Elemente (34, 36) derart sind, dass
sie eine Energie von mehr als 1/2 MV2 absorbieren, wenn sie bei V = 100 k/h von dem nicht verformten Zustand in den verformten
Zustand verformt werden.
8. Schienenfahrzeug-Körper gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, wobei die Stoßfänger-Elemente
(34, 36) ein vorderes Ende (34F, 36F) aufweisen, das im nicht verformten Zustand der
Stoßfänger-Elemente (34, 36) in einer vorbestimmten Entfernung Y1 vor der vertikalen,
transversalen Referenzebene (100) und Y1 ≤ 105mm ist.
9. Schienenfahrzeug-Körper gemäß Anspruch 8, wobei das nach vorn gerichtete Ende (42F,
46F) der Hindernisse beiseite räumenden Rammen (42, 44) in einer vorbestimmten Entfernung
Y
2 von der vertikalen, transversalen Referenzebene (100) und
ist.
10. Schienenfahrzeug-Körper gemäß Anspruch 9, wobei
11. Schienenfahrzeug, umfassend den Schienenfahrzeug-Körper gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche
5 bis 10 und einen Satz von Fahrwerken (38) zum Tragen und Führen des Schienenfahrzeug-Körpers
(12) entlang eines Gleises (40), wobei die Fahrwerke (38) ein Gleisniveau (40) definieren,
wobei der Satz von einer Hindernisse beiseite räumenden Ramme(n) (42, 44) aus der
vertikalen, transversalen Referenzebene (100) in der Längs-Vorwärtsrichtung in einer
vorbestimmten Höhe Z
2 oberhalb des Gleisniveaus hervorsteht und der Satz von Stoßfänger-Elementen (34,
26) aus der vertikalen, transversalen Referenzebene (100) in der Längs-Vorwärtsrichtung
in einer vorbestimmten Höhe Zi oberhalb des Gleisniveaus hervorsteht, wobei:
12. Schienenfahrzeug gemäß Anspruch 11, wobei
0,800 m ≤ Z1
13. Schienenfahrzeug gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 11 bis 12, wobei:
1,70m ≤ Z2 ≤ 2,20m
14. Schienenfahrzeug gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, wobei der Schienenfahrzeug-Körper
(100) gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10 und
ist
15. Schienenfahrzeug, umfassend den Schienenfahrzeug-Körper (12) gemäß irgendeinem der
Ansprüche 1 bis 10 und einen Satz von Fahrwerken (38) zum Tragen und Führen des Schienenfahrzeug-Körpers
(12) entlang eines Gleises (40), bevorzugt das Schienenfahrzeug gemäß irgendeinem
der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, wobei die Fahrwerke (38) derart sind, dass der Fahrzeugkörper
(12) eine bestimmte seitliche Lücke in Bezug auf einen mittleren Pfad, der von dem
Gleis (40) in einer transversalen Richtung lotrecht zu der länglichen, vertikalen,
medianen Ebene (300) aufweist, und jeder der freien Räume (48, 46) einen Standort
und Abmessungen derart aufweist, dass sie ein zweites Bild der entsprechenden nicht
verformbaren, Hindernisse beiseite räumenden Ramme (32, 34) enthält, das aus einer
Translation des symmetrischen Bildes in der transversalen Richtung mit einer Amplitude
resultiert, die gleich der seitlichen Lücke ist.
1. Caisse de véhicule ferroviaire (12) ayant un plan médian vertical longitudinal (300)
et comprenant une structure d'extrémité (10) faisant face à une direction longitudinale
vers l'avant (200), dans laquelle la structure d'extrémité (10) comprend une ossature
structurelle non déformable (16) définissant un plan de référence transversal vertical
(100) de la caisse de véhicule ferroviaire (12) perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale
vers l'avant (200),
caractérisée en ce que la caisse de véhicule ferroviaire (12) comprend en outre
- un ensemble d'un ou de plusieurs bélier(s) d'élimination d'obstacles non déformable(s)
(42, 44) faisant partie intégrante de l'ossature structurelle non déformable (16)
et faisant saillie du plan de référence transversal vertical (100) dans la direction
longitudinale vers l'avant (200), et
- un ensemble d'un ou plusieurs espace(s) libre(s) (48, 46), chacun correspondant
à l'un correspondant des béliers d'élimination d'obstacles non déformables (42, 44),
dans lequel chacun des espaces libres (48, 46) a un emplacement et des dimensions
tels qu'ils contiennent au moins une image symétrique (542, 544) du bélier d'élimination
d'obstacles non déformable (42, 44) correspondant obtenu par rotation d'une surface
externe du bélier d'élimination d'obstacles non déformable (42, 44) correspondant
de 180° autour d'une ligne de symétrie verticale (500) située à une intersection entre
le plan médian vertical longitudinal (300) et le plan de référence transversal vertical
(100).
2. Caisse de véhicule ferroviaire selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle chacun des
espaces libres (48, 46) présente une largeur mesurée perpendiculairement au plan médian
vertical longitudinal (300), qui est supérieure à une largeur de l'image symétrique
(542, 544) du bélier d'élimination d'obstacles (42, 44) non déformable correspondant,
de préférence avec un jeu transversal supérieur à 100 mm, plus de préférence supérieur
à 200 mm.
3. Caisse de véhicule ferroviaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
dans laquelle l'ossature structurelle non déformable (16) comprend un ensemble de
poutres non déformables (20, 24, 26) s'étendant dans le plan de référence transversal
vertical (100) et supportant l'ensemble d'un ou plusieurs bélier(s) d'élimination
d'obstacle non déformable(s) (42, 44), et l'ensemble de poutres non déformables (20,
24, 26) comprend de préférence une poutre transversale (20) et une ou plusieurs poutre(s)
verticale(s) (24, 26) s'étendant entre un sous-châssis (18) de l'ossature structurelle
non déformable (16) et la poutre transversale (20), chacune des une ou plusieurs poutre(s)
verticale(s) (24, 26) supportant l'un des béliers d'élimination d'obstacles non déformables
(42, 44).
4. Caisse de véhicule ferroviaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
dans laquelle l'extrémité avant (42F, 44F) de chacun des un ou plusieurs bélier(s)
d'élimination d'obstacles non déformable(s) (42, 44) a une forme en biais.
5. Caisse de véhicule ferroviaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
comprenant en outre un jeu d'éléments d'absorption de chocs (34, 36) dans un état
non déformé, qui fait saillie du plan de référence transversal vertical (100) dans
la direction longitudinale vers l'avant (200) à une distance verticale Z au-dessous
du jeu d'un ou plusieurs bélier(s) d'élimination d'obstacles (42, 44) non déformable(s),
dans laquelle les éléments d'absorption de chocs (34, 36) sont déformables dans un
état déformé lors d'un impact avec un obstacle.
6. Caisse de véhicule ferroviaire selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle les éléments
d'absorption de chocs (34, 36) présentent une extrémité avant (34F, 36F) qui, dans
l'état déformé des éléments d'absorption de chocs (34, 36), est tangente à un plan
transversal vertical arrière (600'), qui est situé devant le plan de référence transversal
vertical (100) ou coplanaire à celui-ci.
7. Caisse de véhicule ferroviaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 6, dans
laquelle la caisse de véhicule ferroviaire (12) a une masse M et les éléments d'absorption
de chocs (34, 36) sont tels qu'ils absorbent une énergie supérieure à 1/2 MV2 avec V = 110 km/h lorsqu'ils sont déformés de l'état non déformé à l'état déformé.
8. Caisse de véhicule ferroviaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, dans
laquelle les éléments d'absorption de chocs (34, 36) présentent une extrémité avant
(34F, 36F) qui, dans l'état non déformé des éléments d'absorption de chocs (34, 36),
se trouve à une distance prédéterminée Y
1 devant le plan de référence transversal vertical (100), et
9. Caisse de véhicule ferroviaire selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle l'extrémité
avant (42F, 46F) des béliers d'élimination d'obstacles (42, 44) est située à une distance
prédéterminée Y
2 du plan de référence transversal vertical (100), et
10. Caisse de véhicule ferroviaire selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle
11. Véhicule ferroviaire comprenant la caisse de véhicule ferroviaire selon l'une quelconque
des revendications 5 à 10 et ensemble d'organes de roulement (38) pour porter et guider
la caisse de véhicule ferroviaire (12) le long d'une voie (40), dans lequel les organes
de roulement (38) définissent un niveau de voie (40), dans lequel l'ensemble d'un
ou plusieurs bélier(s) d'élimination d'obstacles non déformables(42, 44) fait saillie
du plan de référence transversal vertical (100) dans la direction longitudinale vers
l'avant à une hauteur prédéterminée Y
2 au-dessus du niveau de la voie et le jeu d'éléments d'absorption de chocs (34, 36)
fait saillie du plan de référence transversal vertical (100) dans la direction longitudinale
vers l'avant à une hauteur prédéterminée Zi au-dessus du niveau de la voie, dans lequel
:
12. Véhicule ferroviaire selon la revendication 11, dans lequel
13. Véhicule ferroviaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 12, dans lequel
14. Véhicule ferroviaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 13, dans lequel
la caisse du véhicule ferroviaire (100) est selon l'une quelconque des revendications
8 à 10 et
15. Véhicule ferroviaire comprenant la caisse de véhicule ferroviaire (12) selon l'une
quelconque des revendications 1 à 10 et ensemble d'organes de roulement (38) pour
porter et guider la caisse de véhicule ferroviaire (12) le long d'une voie (40), de
préférence le véhicule ferroviaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à
14, dans lequel les organes de roulement (38) sont tels que la caisse de véhicule
(12) présente un jeu latéral donné par rapport à une trajectoire médiane définie par
la voie (40) dans une direction transversale perpendiculaire au plan médian vertical
longitudinal (300), et chacun des espaces libres (48, 46) a un emplacement et des
dimensions tels qu'il contient une seconde image du bélier d'élimination d'obstacle
non déformable (32, 34) correspondant qui résulte d'une translation de l'image symétrique
dans la direction transversale avec une amplitude égale au jeu latéral.