[Technical Field]
[0001] The present disclosure particularly relates to a heat transfer system for using in
a vehicle. In this system, heat is preferably transferred between a coolant as a first
fluid, for example, water or water-glycol-mixture, and the air as a second fluid.
This system has an assembly composed of a pipe element for passing through the first
fluid, and one or more pipe bottoms and one or more sealing elements having a through
opening for passing through the pipe element, respectively.
[Background Art]
[0002] A coolant-air-heat exchanger known in the related art for transferring heat to the
ambient air from a coolant circulation system is used in a so-called high-temperature
coolant circulation system for discharging the heat of a combustion engine. The coolant-air-heat
exchanger formed from aluminum has few pipes, a multi-disc, and a side element fixed
within the pipe bottom, a coolant collector arranged on a crimp connection part has
various elements to be assembled for heat exchange. The pipes aligned parallel to
each other and arranged as a matrix are used to guide the liquid coolant between the
collectors. The coolant collector arranged at both sides on the end portion of the
pipe is sealed with respect to the pipe and the pipe bottom by an Ethylene-Propylene-diene-rubber-sealing
element simply called as an EPDM-sealing part according to the conventional method.
The pipe, the pipe bottom, the multi-disc, and the side element are completed in a
completely soldered state as a so-called slot cooler or completed in a completely
soldered state as a so-called soldering cooler.
[0003] When the soldering method is used in the controlled atmosphere simply called as a
"Controlled Atmospheric Brazing (CAB)," the matrix composed of the pipe and the multi-disc
is connected to each other and in some cases, is connected with the pipe bottom as
the metal element of the collector, respectively. In the plugging method, the soldering
or welding of adjacent metal parts is avoided by using the mechanical assembly between
the matrix and the collector simply called as a Mechanical Assembly (MA).
[0004] The air absorbing heat from the coolant flows through the outer surface of the pipe,
and therefore, flows between the pipes. The multi-disc or a rib arranged between the
pipes on the outer surface is used for enlarging an air-side heat transfer surface,
and therefore, is used for increasing the output of the heat exchanger.
[0005] A known coolant-air-heat exchanger has unsatisfactory durability against the quickly
changing temperature of the coolant. Therefore, the coolant-air-the heat exchanger
can be cooled to the temperature within a range of -20°C to -10°C in the extreme application
examples, and operated by the coolant having the temperature of about 120 °C due to
the quickly opened valve within the coolant circulation system. At this time, the
coolant-air-heat exchanger undergoes a very strong change in temperature, and experiences
thermal shock. A very large material stress appears due to the thermal expansion time-displaced
of the individual pipe.
[0006] The slot cooler has a very high resistance capability against the change in temperature
of the coolant due to the sliding bearing-connection between the pipe as the element
of the collector and the pipe bottom, but has cooling performance smaller than that
of the soldering cooler because of the connection of the forced coupling method between
the pipe and the multi-disc. The soldering cooler has the limited durability against
the change in temperature and the thermal expansion of the individual pipe caused
thereby due to the rigid soldering connection between the pipe and the pipe bottom
again.
[0007] DE 10 2015 113 905 A1 discloses a method for manufacturing and mounting a heat exchanger having a collector
mechanically mounted for using in a vehicle, particularly, an air flow-heat exchanger
and the heat exchanger. This heat exchanger includes a matrix completely bonded mechanically
from a plurality of metal pipes and a plurality of metal ribs arranged in parallel.
The pipe has a heat transfer section having a straight-type lateral cross-sectional
shape with two longer side surfaces and shorter side surfaces disposed to face each
other, respectively. In order to provide the sealing and to enable the relative motion
between the pipe and a first collector mechanically connected due to the thermal expansion
and contraction of the matrix, one or more pipes are connected with the first collector
by one or more flexible elements extended by a first end portion section of the pipe
in the first end portion section.
[0008] In this case, according to a method that is inserted into the pipe in a state where
the pipe and the multi-disc has been soldered without the pipe bottom and then the
pipe bottom has been sealed within a sealing part through a press fit, the synergy
of the methods for manufacturing the slot cooler and the soldering cooler is described.
The temperature exceeding 600 °C during soldering within a soldering oven is provided,
such that the pipe cannot withstand permanently the resistance force provided by the
sealing by the press fit in the end portion region, particularly, according to the
demand to assure a sealing device through the entire circumference of the pipe.
[0009] The conventional pipe of the heat exchanger used in the vehicle, particularly, the
pipe made of an aluminum alloy, cannot often withstand the sealing pressure acting
on the wall of the pipe after the compression of the sealing part between the pipe
and the pipe bottom. In this case, the heat exchanger known in the related art and
the method for manufacturing the heat exchanger are limited to the use of the pipe
having the width or the depth of about 11mm at maximum, particularly, the welded pipe.
On the other hand, the sealing part should be compressed within a range of 10% to
50% through the entire circumference of the pipe, and in this case, the compressed
sealing part causes the situation where the unsupported wide wall of the pipe can
be collapsed, particularly, due to the force applied to the wall of the pipe. On the
another hand, the compression of the sealing part is placed in the central region
of the wall of the pipe, that is, is often placed below a target value described above
within the region of the pipe crown.
[DISCLOSURE]
[Technical Problem]
[0010] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for efficiently transferring
heat between two fluids, particularly, between the liquid-phase fluid as a coolant
and the air, and in addition, to constitute the system as intended. At this time,
a heat exchanger should have the sufficient and uniform compressed state and the maximum
sealing state, that is, the high thermal shock durability of a sealing part through
the entire circumference of the pipe, respectively, even when a change in temperature
is large. According to the heat exchanger, the maximum heat output should be transferred
at the minimum size of structure or at the demand for the minimum installation space.
In addition, the heat exchanger should have the minimum weight, and cause the minimum
manufacturing cost and material cost.
[Technical Solution]
[0011] The object is achieved by the elements having the features of the independent claims.
The improvement examples are recited in the dependent claims.
[0012] The object is achieved by a system according to the present disclosure for transferring
heat between a first fluid and a second fluid. The system has an assembly composed
of one or more pipe bottoms having a through opening and one or more sealing elements
having a through opening, and pipe elements for passing through the first fluid.
[0013] The pipe elements arranged in a state having passed through the through opening,
respectively, can be formed of a flat pipe having a first region having a first height
X and a depth W, and one or more second regions having a support surface for sealing
and fixing on the pipe bottom having a second height Y and arranged on one end portion
of the pipe element, respectively.
[0014] Therefore, the pipe elements have a heat transfer region circulated by the second
fluid, particularly, the air in the first region, and preferably has a region connected
with the pipe bottom in the second region.
[0015] The sealing element is arranged between the support surface of the pipe element and
the edge of a through opening of the pipe bottom, and has a specific wall thickness
G, respectively. One or more pipe bottoms having the through opening are connected
with the pipe elements in the fluid sealing method by the sealing element intermediate-supported.
The through openings of the pipe bottom and the sealing element are matched to each
other in the shape, respectively, and also matched with the outer shape of the pipe
element. In this case, one pipe element is preferably present in a state having passed
through the through opening, respectively, such that each end portion of one pipe
element is accurately assigned with one through opening.
[0016] The pipe elements have a wide side to be aligned parallel to each other and at an
interval F with respect to each other in the first region, respectively. A web having
a predetermined height H can also be provided one by one between the through openings
arranged adjacent to each other of the pipe bottom, respectively.
[0017] According to the concept of the present disclosure, when viewing in the height direction,
the expansion inside the first region of the pipe element formed at the first height
X of one pipe element and the interval F of the pipe elements adjacent to each other
corresponds to the expansion inside the second region of the pipe element formed at
the second height Y of one pipe element, the height H of one web of the pipe bottom,
and two times the wall thickness G of the sealing element, and in this case, the following
equation is applied:
[0018] In the equation, the CM refers to the deformation degree of the end portion of the
pipe element in the height direction, and is placed in a range between the maximum
value CM
max and the minimum value CM
min. The CM
min corresponds to two times the wall thickness G of the sealing element, that is, CM
min = 2·G. In the minimum value CM
min = 2·G, the end portions of the pipe of the pipe element have not been broken in shape
or not deformed in at least height direction.
[0019] Particularly, the deformation limitation CM
max is specified as the maximum value, and the deformation limitation CM
min is specified as the minimum value, such that the CM as a parameter describes the
deformation suitable for the end portion of the pipe element formed for the purpose
of securing the firm and reliable sealing of the pipe element of the circumference
with respect to the sealing element surrounding the peripheral within a press fit.
[0020] The pipe element can be preferably made of metal. The lateral cross section of the
pipe element is preferably expanded within the second region on the plane aligned
vertically with respect to the vertical direction.
[0021] According to one improvement example of the present disclosure, the flow lateral
cross section of the pipe element is limited by two side surfaces disposed to face
each other, respectively, and these side surfaces form the narrow side or the vertical
side of the flow lateral cross section in pair, respectively.
[0022] According to an alternative first embodiment of the present disclosure, the side
surfaces of the pipe element arranged adjacent to each other are aligned vertically
with respect to each other at the contact edges proceeding in the vertical direction.
In this case, the contact edges have a transition part round-processed having an edge
radius R, respectively.
[0023] The first height X of the first region of the pipe element is preferably greater
than a value of two times the edge radius R of the pipe element. In this case, the
maximum value CM
max is appeared from the following equation,
and
the A in the equation describes a ratio of the circumference of the pipe element on
the end portion of the pipe after deformation to the circumference of the pipe element
on the end portion of the pipe element before deformation. The characteristic of the
geometrical structure and material enables the maximum deformation, particularly,
the expansion of the end portion of the pipe until when the deformation according
to the tensile limitation of the material of the pipe element causes the crack of
the material.
[0024] According to an alternative second embodiment of the present disclosure, the side
surfaces arranged at the vertical side of the flow lateral cross section of the pipe
element, respectively, are connected to each other through the side surface of the
narrow side bent outwards in the semicircle hollow cylinder shape and having the outer
radius R.
[0025] The first height X of the first region of the pipe element preferably corresponds
to two times the radius R of the side surface of the narrow side of the pipe element
bent outwards in the semicircle hollow cylinder shape. In this case, the maximum value
CM
max is appeared from the following equation,
and
the A in the equation corresponds to the expansion capacity of the pipe.
[0026] One advantage of the present disclosure is that the flow channel limited by the wall
of the pipe element is substantially deformed from the rectangular lateral cross section
shape into the elliptical lateral cross section shape, when the lateral cross section
of the second region of the pipe element is expanded on the plane aligned vertically
with respect to the vertical direction.
[0027] According to an improvement example of the present disclosure, the pipe element has
the wall thickness of 0.22mm, the first height X of about 2.5mm, and the width W of
about 10.8mm in the first region, and has the second height Y of about 4.69mm and
the width of about 10.95mm in the second region.
[0028] According to another preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the pipe element
on the end portion of the pipe is formed in a state expanded starting from the front
in the region of an apex of the vertical side, respectively, such that the wall of
the pipe element is deformed to have a molding part outwards in the height direction,
respectively. Therefore, the pipe element is formed to have the shape in the region
of the apex of the upper surface and the lower surface, respectively. At this time,
the pipe element preferably has an extension part of about 7.6mm in the maximally
expanded region of the molding part in the height direction.
[0029] According to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the pipe bottom can
have a ring element for at least locally reducing the opened lateral cross section
of the through opening for receiving the sealing element in the region of the web,
respectively.
[0030] Another preferred embodiment of the present disclosure can form the pipe bottom as
the sidewall element of a collector of the heat transfer system.
[0031] The heat transfer system can preferably form to have two pipe bottoms having the
through opening and two sealing elements having the through opening. The pipe bottoms
are connected with the pipe elements in the fluid sealing method, respectively, and
in this case, the through openings coincide with the outer shape of the pipe element
in the shape, respectively, and the respective pipe elements are arranged to have
a first end portion passing through the through opening formed on a first pipe bottom
and a second end portion passing through the through opening formed on a second pipe
bottom, respectively.
[0032] The pipe elements are preferably formed in a straight line and preferably made of
an aluminum alloy.
[0033] According to an improvement example of the present disclosure, the pipe elements
are aligned by one column or a plurality of columns inside an arrangement.
[0034] The pipe elements of one column of the system according to the present disclosure
aligned side by side and parallel to each other, and to have a wide side with respect
to each other are preferably arranged so that the flow path for the second fluid,
particularly, the air, is directly formed one by one between the pipe elements arranged
adjacent to each other, respectively.
[0035] A multi-disc or a rib for changing the flow lateral cross section and/or expanding
a heat transfer area is preferably arranged within the flow path formed inside the
first region by the pipe elements arranged adjacent to each other. In this case, the
multi-disc has an extension part in the height direction, and the extension part corresponds
to the interval F of the pipe elements arranged adjacent to each other. The multi-disc
or the rib is preferably made of an aluminum alloy.
[0036] A preferred embodiment of the present disclosure can allow the heat transfer system
to be used as a coolant-air-heat exchanger within a coolant circulation system, particularly,
within an engine coolant circulation system, of a vehicle.
[0037] In summary, the heat transfer system according to the present disclosure has various
advantages as follows.
- The use of CAB/MA-manufacturing principle is expanded within the frame of the conventional
pipe portfolio,
- when the size of the structure is the minimum or the demand for the installation space
is the minimum, that is, when a ratio of the opened volume to the transferable heat
output is optimum, the maximum heat output is transferred even by a optimum ratio
of the geometrical structure,
- the complexity and the material cost are reduced, and therefore, the manufacturing
cost is reduced,
- the minimum weight is obtained,
- it is possible to have the maximum sealing, that is, the high thermal shock durability
and the high resistance capability against the change in temperature even when the
change in temperature is large, such that the high opening speed and closing speed
of the valves are possible within the fluid circulation system, particularly, within
the coolant circulation system when the connection between the pipe element, the sealing
element, and the pipe bottom is flexible,
- the use is secured even when the pressure pulsation load is high,
- the connection of the end portion of the pipe inside the pipe bottom and the sealing
element is permanently secured by the press fit executing the uniform sealing compression
at the specified level, such that the maximum lifespan is secured.
[Advantageous Effects]
[0038] According to the heat transfer system of the present disclosure, the use of CAB/MA-manufacturing
principle can be expanded within the frame of the conventional pipe portfolio, when
the size of the structure is the minimum or the demand for the installation space
is the minimum, that is, when a ratio of the opened volume to the transferable heat
output is optimum, the maximum heat output can be transferred even by a optimum ratio
of the geometrical structure.
[0039] In addition, the complexity and the material cost is reduced, and therefore, the
manufacturing cost is reduced, and the minimum weight is obtained.
[0040] In addition, it is possible to have the maximum sealing, that is, the high thermal
shock durability and the high resistance capability against the change in temperature
even when the change in temperature is large, such that the high opening speed and
closing speed of the valves are possible within the fluid circulation system, particularly,
within the coolant circulation system when the connection between the pipe element,
the sealing element, and the pipe bottom is flexible, the use is secured even when
the pressure pulsation load is high, and the connection of the end portion of the
pipe inside the pipe bottom and the sealing element is permanently secured by the
press fit executing the uniform sealing compression at the specified level, such that
the maximum lifespan is secured.
[Description of Drawings]
[0041] Additional specific items, features and advantages of the embodiments of the present
disclosure will be appeared from the following detailed descriptions for the embodiments
of the present disclosure with reference to the relevant drawings. Herein,
FIG. 1 is an exploded diagram specifically showing a heat transfer system having a
pipe element arrangement including a multi-disc intermediate-supported, a pipe bottom,
a sealing element, and a collector as an individual component.
FIG. 2A is a side diagram showing the pipe element having a first region and a second
region to be formed of a flat pipe.
FIGS. 2B and 2D are perspective diagrams showing the pipe element having different
flow lateral cross sections, respectively, and formed of the flat pipe.
FIG. 2C is a diagram specifically showing the pipe element shown in FIG. 2B.
FIG. 3A is a side diagram specifically showing the arrangement of the pipe element
having the multi-disc intermediate-supported of the heat transfer system shown in
FIG. 1.
FIG. 3B is a side cross-sectional diagram specifically showing the arrangement of
the pipe element having the multi-disc intermediate-supported, the pipe bottom, and
the sealing element of the heat transfer system shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3C is a diagram specifically showing the pipe bottom having the sealing element
shown in FIG. 3B.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are a perspective diagram and a plane diagram showing the pipe element
partially enlarged on the end portion of the pipe, and having the elliptical lateral
cross section similar to the pipe element shown in FIG. 2A.
FIGS. 4C to 4F are a perspective diagram and a plane diagram showing the pipe element
finally enlarged on the end portion of the pipe shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are a perspective diagram and a plane diagram showing the pipe element
having partially enlarged on the end portion of the pipe, and having the elliptical
lateral cross section similar to the pipe element shown in FIG. 4A.
FIG. 6A is a side cross-sectional diagram specifically showing the arrangement of
the pipe element shown in FIG. 5A within a through opening of the pipe bottom having
the sealing element.
FIG. 6B is a diagram specifically showing the pipe bottom having the sealing element
and the pipe element shown in FIG. 6A.
[Best Mode]
[0042] FIG. 1 shows a pipe element 3 having a pipe bottom 5 and a sealing element 7 of a
heat transfer system 1, particularly, an arrangement 2 of a flat pipe. In this drawing,
the heat transfer system 1 having the arrangement 2 including a pipe element 3 having
a multi-disc 4 intermediate-supported, the pipe bottom 5, the sealing element 7, and
a collector 9 is specifically shown. The collector 9 is also called as a coolant collector
when coolant is used as fluid.
[0043] The arrangement 2 formed of the flat pipe 3 is formed in one column or a plurality
of columns according to the output demand condition, and is adjustable in terms of
size, that is, in terms of the length or the width, particularly. The pipe element
3 is arranged in two columns.
[0044] The pipe element 3 aligned side by side and parallel to each other is aligned with
respect to each other inside one column having a wide side, such that the flow path
for fluid, particularly, the air, is directly generated between the pipe elements
3 adjacent to each other, respectively. At this time, the flow path proceeds between
the pipe elements 3, respectively. The pipe elements 3 of one column are arranged
in the same line with respect to each other, and extended between two collectors 9,
respectively. The inner volume of the pipe element 3 is connected with the inner volume
of the collector 9.
[0045] Within the flow path and the intermediate space of the pipe element 3 arranged adjacent
to each other, an element for changing the flow lateral cross section and/or expanding
the heat transfer area is formed. As the element for changing the flow lateral cross
section and/or expanding the heat transfer area, the multi-disc 4 is provided. Alternatively,
a rib can also be used. The multi-disc 4 is preferably formed in a material having
the excellent heat conductivity such as an aluminum alloy like the pipe element 3.
[0046] In a state where the system 1 has been assembled, the pipe bottom 5, which can be
used even as the sidewall element of the collector 9 is provided at the front or the
narrow side of the arrangement 2, respectively. In this case, the side surface on
which the end portion of the pipe element 3 has been aligned is called as a front.
The pipe bottom 5 is made of metal, particularly, an aluminum alloy, respectively,
as a deep drawing part, a perforation part or a hydrofoaming part, which are substantially
the form of the rectangular-shaped sheet. In this case, the sheet is understood as
a flat final product of a rolling mill made of metal. The hydrofoaming also called
as high-pressure deformation is regarded as deforming the sheet within the closed
mold tool by using the pressure generated within the tool by the water-oil-emulsion.
[0047] The sealing element 7 as well as the pipe bottom 5 on which the edge region has been
round-processed also has the through openings 6, 8 for receiving the pipe element
3. In order to make the fluid sealing connection between the individual pipe element
3 and the pipe bottom 5, the through opening 6 of the pipe bottom 5 and the through
opening 8 of the sealing element 7 are matched to each other, and also matched with
the outer dimension of the pipe element 3. A web 5-1 is formed between the through
openings 6 of the pipe bottom 5, respectively.
[0048] The pipe bottom 5 arranged at the side facing each other of the collector 9 is fixedly
connected with the pipe element 3. The fixing connection can be regarded as the zero-leakage
technically sealed by the sealing element 7, respectively. The pipe bottom 5 is aligned
vertically with respect to the pipe element 3 at the narrow side of the pipe element
3 to be arranged on the arrangement 2.
[0049] FIG. 2A is a side diagram showing the pipe element 3 formed of the flat pipe having
a first region 10 not deformed as a heat transfer region, a second region 11 not deformed
as a deformation region, and a connection part with the pipe bottom 5. The regions
10, 11 of the pipe element are formed in a state connected to each other when viewing
in the vertical direction a.
[0050] The pipe element 3 is expanded and deformed at least partially on the end portion
of the pipe. The lateral cross section of a flow channel surrounded by the wall of
the pipe element 3 is expanded constantly and uniformly between the first region 10
circulated by the fluid and the second region 11 facing the end portion side of the
pipe. The cross-sectional area of the flow channel is constant inside the regions
10, 11, respectively. The second region 11 of the pipe element 3 is preferably used
as a support surface for the sealing element 7 formed flatly, that is, without a structure
such as a notch or a groove, respectively.
[0051] The pipe element 3 has an outer extension part X also called as the height X of the
first region 10 when viewing in the height direction c within the first region 10
not deformed. The second region 11 of the pipe element 3, which has been expanded
at least partially, is formed by an outer extension part Y also called as the height
Y of the second region 11 when viewing in the height direction c. The width of the
pipe element 3 is extended in the depth direction b, respectively.
[0052] In FIGS. 2B and 2D, perspective diagrams showing the pipe elements 3a, 3b having
different flow lateral cross sections and formed of the flat pipe are shown, respectively.
In these drawings, one end surface of the first region 10 not deformed of the pipe
elements 3a, 3b are shown, respectively. The flow lateral cross section is extended
within the plane set by the depth direction b and the height direction c.
[0053] The flow lateral cross-sections are limited by two side surfaces placed to face each
other, respectively, and these side surfaces form the narrow side or the vertical
side of the flow lateral cross section, respectively. The side surfaces formed to
face each other in pair have the same dimension, respectively. In this case, the side
surfaces of the narrow side as a first pair in the height direction c have the same
height X, while the side surfaces of the vertical side as a second pair in the depth
direction b aligned parallel to each other have the same width W.
[0054] A substantial difference between FIGS. 3A and 3B is the dimension of the height X,
the shape of the transition part between the side surfaces adjacent to each other
or the shape of the side surface of the narrow side.
[0055] A pipe element 3a of FIG. 2B is formed to have the transition part round-processed
on the side surface aligned vertically with respect to each other. The transition
part has the edge radius R, and this situation is particularly shown in the diagram
specifically showing the pipe element 3a of FIG. 2C.
[0056] The side surfaces arranged, respectively, at the vertical side of the flow cross
section of a pipe element 3b shown in FIG. 2D is connected to each other through the
side surface of the semicircle hollow cylinder shape of the narrow side, respectively.
In this case, the outer radius R of the side surface corresponds to a half of the
height X.
[0057] FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams specifically showing the arrangement 2 of the pipe element
3 having the multi-disc 4 intermediate-supported of the heat transfer system 1 shown
in FIG. 1. In this case, FIG. 3A shows a side diagram, while in FIG. 3B, a diagram
specifically showing the arrangement 2 shown in FIG. 3A is shown as a side cross-sectional
diagram in a state expanded by the pipe bottom 5 and the sealing element 7.
[0058] The pipe element 3 is formed by the height X in the first region 10, respectively,
and by the height Y in the second region 11, respectively, and in this case, the extension
part of the pipe element 3 is smaller within the first region 10 than within the second
region 11 when viewing in the height direction c. The pipe element 3 is uniformly
expanded to the circumference of the central axis aligned in the vertical direction
a within the second region 11.
[0059] Within the intermediate space inside the first region 10 having a wide side and formed
within the pipe element 3 aligned side by side and parallel to each other, the multi-disc
4 is provided as the element for changing the flow lateral cross section and/or expanding
the heat transfer area. The multi-disc 4 connected with the pipe element 3, respectively,
at the wide side of the pipe element 3 arranged adjacent to each other completely
fills the intermediate space between the pipe elements 3, such that the interval F
of the pipe element 3 arranged adjacent to each other also corresponds to the height
F of the multi-disc 4 when viewing in the height direction c. In this case, the multi-disc
4 is formed only within the first region 10 of the pipe element 3.
[0060] The pipe element 3 has the second region 11, respectively, and is arranged within
the through openings 6, 8 of the sealing element 7 and the pipe bottom 5. The web
5-1 is formed between the through opening 6 of the pipe bottom 5 arranged adjacent
to each other in the height direction c, and this web limits the through opening 6
in the depth direction b, respectively, and substantially contacts the wide side of
the pipe element 3 in a state connected with the sealing element 7. In FIG. 3C, a
diagram specifically showing the web 5-1 of the pipe bottom 5 having the sealing element
7 shown in FIG. 3B is shown.
[0061] Within the intermediate space inside the second region 11 having a wide side and
formed within the pipe element 3 aligned side by side and parallel to each other,
the web 5-1 of the pipe bottom 5 and the sealing part 7 are arranged. Therefore, the
intermediate space between the pipe elements 3 arranged adjacent to each other when
viewing the height direction c is completely filled by one web 5-1 and two sections
of the sealing part 7. When viewing in the height direction c, the web 5-1 is formed
at the height H, while the two sections of the sealing element 7 have the wall thickness
G, respectively.
[0062] In the first region 10 of the pipe element 3, the extension part of an unit composed
of the pipe element 3 and the multi-disc 4 is appeared from a value obtained by adding
the height X of the pipe element 3 to the height F of the multi-disc 4 in the height
direction c. In addition, in the second region 11 of the pipe element 3, the extension
part of an unit composed of the pipe element 3, the sealing element 7, and the web
5-1 of the pipe bottom 5 is appeared from a value obtained by adding the height Y
of the pipe element 3 to the height H of the web 5-1 and two times the wall thickness
G of the sealing part, and this situation induces the following equation.
[0063] After conversion of Equation 1, the following equation is appeared as
[0064] The CM in the equation refers to the optimum range of the difference between the
height H of the web 5-1 of the pipe bottom 5 as the extension part in the height direction
c formed between the adjacent through openings 6 of the pipe bottom 5 and the height
F of the multi-disc 4, and the deformation degree of the end portion of the pipe element
3 in the height direction c.
[0065] The equations describe the optimum relationship between the structure of the pipe
element 3 referring to the radius R, the width X, and the height X of the first region
10 and the deformation of the pipe element 3 at the end portion thereof referring
to the height Y of the second region 11, the height F of the multi-disc 4, the height
H of the web 5-1 between the through openings 6 of the pipe bottom 5, and the wall
thickness G of the sealing element 7. In this case, particularly, referring to the
following Equations 4 to 6, a range between the maximum value CM
max at which the deformation of the end portion of the pipe of the pipe element 3 induces
the circular flow lateral cross section and the minimum value CM
min at which the end portion of the pipe of the pipe element 3 is not deformed is indicated.
[0066] According to FIGS. 2B and 2C in which the side surface is aligned vertically with
respect to each other, and the transition part between the side surfaces adjacent
to each other has been round-processed, when the height X of the first region 10 is
greater than a value of two times the edge radius R of the pipe element 3a (X > 2·R),
the maximum value CM
max is appeared as follows.
[0067] According to FIG. 2D that has the side surface of the vertical side connected to
each other through the side surface of the semicircle cylinder shape of the narrow
side, respectively, when the height X of the first region 10 coincides with two times
the radius R of the pipe element 3b (X = 2·R), the maximum value CM
max is appeared as follow.
[0068] The pipe element 3 is not expanded from the end portion of the pipe, not changed
in shape, or not deformed, such that the height Y of the second region 11 coincides
with the height X of the first region 10 of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b (Y = X) to
determine the minimum limitation CM
min. Therefore, the minimum value CM
min is always appeared from two times the wall thickness G of the sealing element 7 as
follows.
[0069] The parameter A describes the expansion capacity of the pipe as a ratio of the circumference
of the pipe element at the end portion of the pipe after deformation to the circumference
of the pipe element at the end portion of the pipe before deformation.
[0070] FIGS. 4A and 4B are a perspective diagram and a plane diagram showing the pipe element
3 expanded at least partially from the end portion of the pipe similar to the pipe
element 3a shown in FIG. 2A or FIGS. 2B and 2C, respectively. The pipe element 3 is
deformed and expanded in the region of the end portion of the pipe, such that the
flow channel limited by the wall of the pipe element 3 has been substantially deformed
from the rectangular lateral cross-sectional shape into the elliptical lateral cross-sectional
shape. The elliptical lateral cross-sectional shape of the flow channel is very stable
against the outer pressure, and particularly, is very stable against the pressure
provided by the compressed sealing element 7.
[0071] In this case, the pipe element 3 not deformed has been formed at the wall thickness
of 0.22mm, the width W of about 10.8mm, and the height X of 2.5mm. The pipe element
3 expanded at least partially has the height of about 4.69mm when the width is about
10.95mm in the second region 11, for example, in the region of the maximum extension
part Y. The second region 11 is formed as the support surface 13 having the indicated
dimension, and the support surface contacts the wall of the pipe element 3 on the
pipe bottom 5 or on the sealing element 7 compressed between the pipe element 3 and
the pipe bottom 5.
[0072] In order to withstand the resistance of the compressed sealing element 7, the pipe
element 3 is finally expanded in the region of an apex 12. In this case, in order
to further increase the rigidity of the support surface 13 with respect to the sealing
element 7, the wall of the pipe element 3 is deformed outwards from the vertical side.
In a state finally deformed, particularly, the structure of the wall of the pipe element
3 is reinforced at the vertical side.
[0073] FIGS. 4C to 4F are a perspective diagram and a plane diagram showing the pipe element
3 finally expanded from the end portion of the pipe. According to FIGS. 4A and 4B,
after the pipe element 3 has been expanded at least partially, the pipe element 3
is finally expanded starting from the front in the already deformed region of the
end portion of the pipe, respectively. In this case, particularly, the edges of the
upper surface and the lower surface are deformed outwards in the height direction
c, respectively. By using a perforation blade, the apex 12 of the pipe element 3 is
expanded with respect to the sealing element 7 in the second region 11, and the compression
of the sealing element 7 is increased. After the blade has been removed, the flexible
material of the pipe is minimally restored in shape in the direction of the starting
position, and in this case, the compression of the sealing material 7 is kept within
a predetermined range as it is. Finally, the pipe element 3 has a molding part 14
in the region of the apex 12 of the upper surface and the lower surface, respectively.
[0074] The wall of the pipe element 3 deformed on the end portion of the pipe is formed
continuously and without crack by the molding part 14. On the other hand, the shape
of the molding part 14 is used to increase the structural rigidity of the wall of
the pipe element 3, and on the another hand, is used for fixing and sealing inside
the through opening 6 within the pipe bottom 5. In this case, a change in relative
position of the pipe element 3 with respect to the pipe bottom 5 and in addition,
a fixing force of avoiding the movement of the pipe element 3 inside the pipe bottom
5 are also increased.
[0075] The pipe element 3 finally expanded now has an extension part Z of about 7.6mm in
the maximally expanded region of the molding part 14, for example.
[0076] The system 1 formed to have the pipe element 3 also has a very high thermal shock-durability
due to the pipe element-sealing element-pipe bottom-connection, which is flexible
and not rigid, formed on one or more side surfaces of the arrangement 2.
[0077] FIGS. 5A and 5B are a perspective diagram showing the pipe element 3 having the elliptical
lateral cross section similar to the pipe element shown in FIG. 4A and a plane diagram
in the operating direction of the pressure 15 provided from the outside. The pressure
is generated by the sealing element contacting through the entire range, which is
not shown in the drawing.
[0078] In this case, when viewing on the lateral cross section, the surface of the arc shape
of the narrow side of the deformed end portion of the pipe element 3 has a diameter
smaller than the end portion of the pipe element 3 shown in FIG. 4A. The wall of the
pipe element 3c has been formed to have a thicker lateral cross section formed in
the elliptical shape, which withstands the pressure provided from the outside more
excellently.
[0079] The pipe element 3 can also be formed by a combination of the structural features
such as the elliptical shape of the lateral cross section on the end portion of the
pipe according to FIG. 5A and the deformation of the end portion of the pipe having
the molding part 14 in the region of the apex 12 of the upper surface and the lower
surface according to FIGS. 4C to 4F.
[0080] FIG. 6A is a side cross-sectional diagram specifically showing the arrangement of
the pipe element 3 within the through opening 6 of the pipe bottom 5 having the sealing
element 7. FIG. 6B is a diagram specifically showing the pipe bottom 5 having the
sealing element 7 and the pipe element 3 shown in FIG. 6A.
[0081] FIG. 6A particularly shows the arrangement of the deformed and expanded pipe element
3 preferably having the elliptical lateral cross section arranged by passing through
the through opening formed within the pipe bottom 5 and the sealing element 7. Due
to the expansion of the pipe element 3, the pipe element 3 is firmly connected with
the sealing element 7 arranged between the pipe element 3 and the edge of the through
opening of the pipe element 3, and connected with the pipe bottom 5 in the fluid sealing
method.
[0082] The pipe bottom 5 is formed to have a ring element 17 in a region 16 of the web 5-1,
respectively, and this ring element at least locally reduces the opened lateral cross
section of the through opening 6 for receiving the sealing element 7 and the pipe
element 3. The ring element 17 is formed so that the compression of the sealing element
7, in which the sealing element 7 is additionally compressed on a predetermined section
or a predetermined surface, such that otherwise, the compression is less particularly
in the region of the apex of the pipe element 3, increases as intended. However, since
the compression is stronger only in a region where the sealing element 7 is small,
the final force acting on the wall of the pipe is smaller, and the wall of the pipe
is not collapsed.
[0083] Particularly, in order to reach the efficient compression of the sealing element
7 through the entire circumference in the region 16 of the apex 12 again, the system
1 can be formed by any combination of the structural features of the pipe element
3 such as the elliptical shape of the lateral cross section on the end portion of
the pipe according to FIG. 5A and the deformation of the end portion of the pipe having
the molding part 14 in the region of the apex 12 of the upper surface and the lower
surface according to FIGS. 4C to 4F, and by providing the ring element 17 in the region
of the web 5-1 of the pipe bottom 5.
[0084] The connection between the pipe bottom 5 and the pipe element 3 is secured so that
the pipe element 3 is arranged at the accurate position of the through openings 6,
8 and therefore, so that the reliable connection part of the fluid sealing method
is generated. In order to secure the sufficient and reliable compression of the sealing
element 7, the intended size of the expansion is previously determined as a final
extension part of the pipe element 3. At this time, the compression of the sealing
element 7 is placed within a range of 10% to 50%, and in this case, the compression
is mostly achieved immediately after mounting the sealing element 7 and the pipe bottom
5 on the pipe element 3.
[Industrial Applicability]
[0085] The present disclosure particularly relates to the heat transfer system for using
in the vehicle. In this system, heat is preferably transferred between coolant as
the first fluid, for example, water or water-glycol-mixture and the air as the second
fluid. This system has an assembly composed of a pipe element for passing through
the first fluid, and one or more pipe bottoms and one or more sealing elements having
a through opening for passing through the pipe element, respectively.
1. A heat transfer system 1,
as the system 1 for transferring heat between a first fluid and a second fluid, which
has an arrangement 2 composed of pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c for passing through the
first fluid, one or more pipe bottoms 5 having a through opening 6, and one or more
sealing elements 7 having a through opening 8,
wherein the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c are formed of a flat pipe having a first region
10 having a first height X and a depth W and one or more second regions 11 having
a support surface 13 arranged on one end portion of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c
and having a second height Y, respectively,
wherein the sealing element 7 is arranged between the edge of the through opening
6 of the pipe bottom 5, and having a wall thickness G, respectively,
wherein the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c having a wide side are aligned in a state
aligned parallel to each other and at an interval F with respect to each other in
the first region 10, respectively,
wherein a web 5-1 having a height H is provided between the through openings 6 arranged
adjacent to each other of the pipe bottom 5, respectively,
wherein when viewing in a height direction c, an extension part inside the first region
10 of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c appeared from a value obtained by adding a first
height X of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c to the interval F corresponds to an extension
part inside the second region 11 of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c appeared from
a value obtained by adding a second height Y of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c to
the height H of the web 5-1 of the pipe bottom 5 and two times the wall thickness
G of the sealing element 7, and
wherein CM = F - H = Y - X + 2·G, the CM in the equation refers to the deformation
degree of the end portion of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c in the height direction
c, is placed within a range between the maximum value CMmax and the minimum value CMmin, and the CMmin appears as CMmin = 2·G when the heights X, Y of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c are the same.
2. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 1,
wherein the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c are made of metal.
3. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 1,
wherein the lateral cross sections of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c are expanded
within the second region 11 on the plane aligned vertically with respect to a vertical
direction a of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c.
4. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 1,
wherein the flow lateral cross sections of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b are limited
by two side surfaces disposed to face each other, respectively, and the side surface
forms the narrow side or the vertical side of the flow lateral cross section in pair,
respectively.
5. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 4,
wherein the side surfaces of the pipe elements 3, 3a arranged adjacent to each other
are aligned vertically with respect to each other at the contact edges proceeding
in the vertical direction a, and the contact edges have a transition part round-processed
having an edge radius R, respectively.
6. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 5,
wherein the first height X of the first region 10 of the pipe elements 3, 3a is greater
than a value of two times the edge radius R of the pipe elements 3, 3a, and the maximum
value CMmax is appeared from the following equation, CMmax = [(2πR + 2(W-2R) + 2(X-2R))A / π] - X + 2G, and the A in the equation corresponds
to the expansion capacity of the pipe.
7. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 4,
wherein the side surfaces arranged at the vertical side of the flow lateral cross
section of the pipe elements 3, 3b, respectively, are connected to each other through
the side surface of the narrow side bent outwards in the semicircle hollow cylinder
shape and having the outer radius R.
8. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 7,
wherein the first height X of the first region 10 of the pipe elements 3, 3a corresponds
to two times the radius R of the side surface of the narrow side of the pipe elements
3, 3b bent outwards in the semicircle hollow cylinder shape, and the maximum value
CMmax is appeared from the following equation, CMmax = [(Xπ + 2(W-X))A / π] - X + 2G, and the A in the equation corresponds to the expansion
capacity of the pipe.
9. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 2,
wherein the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b have the wall thickness of 0.22mm, the first height
X of about 2.5mm, and the width W of about 10.8mm in the first region 10, and have
the second height Y of about 4.69mm and the width of about 10.95mm in the second region
11.
10. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 2,
wherein the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b on the end portion of the pipe are formed in a
state expanded starting from the front in the region of an apex 12 of the vertical
side, respectively, and the wall of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b are deformed to have
a molding part 14 outwards in the height direction c, respectively.
11. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 10,
wherein the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b have an extension part Z of about 7.6mm in the
maximally expanded region of the molding part 14 in the height direction c.
12. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 1,
wherein the pipe bottom 5 has a ring element 17 for at least locally reducing the
opened lateral cross section of the through opening 6 for receiving the sealing element
7 and the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c in the region 16 of the web 5-1.
13. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 1,
wherein the bottom area 5 is formed as the sidewall element of a collector 9 of the
system 1.
14. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 13,
wherein two pipe bottoms 5 having the through opening 6 and two sealing elements 7
having the through opening 8 are formed, the pipe bottom 5 is connected with the pipe
elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c in the fluid sealing method, respectively, the through openings
6, 8 coincide with the outer shape of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c in the shape,
respectively, and the respective pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c are arranged to have
a first end portion passing through the through opening 6 formed on a first pipe bottom
5 and a second end portion passing through the through opening 6 formed on a second
pipe bottom 5, respectively.
15. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 2,
wherein the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c are made of an aluminum alloy.
16. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 1,
wherein the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c of one column of the system 1 aligned side
by side and parallel to each other, and to have a wide side with respect to each other
are arranged so that the flow path for the second fluid is directly formed one by
one between the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c arranged adjacent to each other, respectively.
17. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 16,
wherein a multi-disc 4 or a rib for changing the flow lateral cross section and/or
expanding a heat transfer area within the flow path formed inside the first region
10 by the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c arranged adjacent to each other, the multi-disc
4 has an extension part in the height direction c, and the extension part corresponds
to the interval F of the pipe elements 3, 3a, 3b, 3c arranged adjacent to each other.
18. The heat transfer system 1 of claim 17,
wherein the multi-disc 4 or the rib is made of an aluminum alloy.
19. An application of a system 1 using the heat transfer system 1 of any one of claims
1 to 18 as a coolant-air-heat exchanger within a coolant circulation system, particularly,
within an engine coolant circulation system of a vehicle.