STRUCTURAL ELEMENT FOR PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS, WALL FOR PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS COMPRISING THE SAME AND BUILDING MADE FROM THE SAME

Abstract

 The present invention relates to a structural element for prefabricated buildings and a wall for prefabricated buildings comprising said element. The structural element (10) for prefabricated buildings comprises a bottom wall (11) and a perimetral wall (13) orthogonal to the bottom wall (11), the bottom wall (11) comprising at least a first perimetral groove (15a) running along the perimeter of an upper face of said bottom wall (11), and it is characterised in that the bottom part (11) is a solid wall and it is provided with a pair of constraining means (12a,12b) configured to provide a constraint to a vertical structure (101) for the construction of a wall (100) for prefabricated buildings and in that the perimetral wall (13) is obtained starting from a rectangular plate folded such as to cause two short sides of the rectangular plate to match with each other, a lower perimetral portion of the perimetral wall (13) being removably inserted in the first perimetral groove (15a) defining a hollow compartment, opened only at the top.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a structural element for prefabricated buildings, a wall for prefabricated buildings comprising said element, as well as a building constructed starting from said element.

[0002] Today, several construction systems are known which require individual structural elements to be produced in a factory and subsequently transported to the construction site for erection. The erection operation carried out with such construction systems must necessarily be carried out with specialised workers, with the consequent higher costs and energy expenditure for fabrication, transport and assembly.

[0003] Known construction systems are distinguished mainly in prevalently "in place" constructions and prefabricated constructions.

[0004] For prefabricated constructions, the elements to be transported in place are usually characterised by considerable volumes and weights and need a high quantity of resources also at the construction site, such as lifting means, machinery and specialised workers. A typical example of this category of construction systems are industrial sheds, bridges, buildings dedicated to services and some residential buildings.

[0005] Usually, these structures are built with steel structure, in prefabricated elements of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete and more recently of wood as well. The structural behaviour of this category of buildings depends on a prior dimensioning of the load-bearing elements, which are usually series-produced. This gives the prefabricated structures characteristics of modularity and replicability.

[0006] "In place" construction systems - considered to be a poorer form of construction - instead need the presence at the site (or in its vicinity) of energy sources, of specialised workers and of valuable, transformable resources such as water, cement, clay, gravel quarries, wood and so on, of small or medium manufacturing facilities dedicated to the production of the "bricks", i.e. the basic structural elements. The structural resistance of buildings constructed in place depends on the skill of the builders and it requires dimensioning (in terms of shape, construction technologies and strength of the material) the individual article that thus acquires a character of uniqueness. A typical example for this category of residential constructions made of bricks, reinforced cement and wood.

[0007] Because of the need for specialised personnel, valuable raw materials and for transporting the basic and non-basic structural elements to the site, known construction systems are not suitable for use in rough areas, for example hit by natural calamities, or in territories of developing Countries.

[0008] Therefore, today temporary structures are used in rough areas as a long-term solution, however they do not have the necessary functional and structural strength characteristics. In the territories of developing Countries, however, oftentimes valuable raw materials, for example water, are not available.

[0009] A known solution for use in developing Countries is the system known as "earthbags" that makes it possible to create structures using bags of polypropylene or jute, filled with earth, that are then stacked on each other. If a stabilised structure is to be obtained, i.e. one able to withstand atmospheric agents over time, this system, however, requires the insertion of stabilising elements, such as barbed wire, and binding agents, for example water or cement. In this case too, then, its success depends on the quality of the raw material (types of earth, presence of water, cement) while its construction principle is based on the shape factor, i.e. the structural strength of the building depends on the geometrically correct shape (with regard to the discharge of weights to the ground) which the builder causes, case by case, the sequence of bags to take. In essence, this system too requires a certain skill on the builder's part.

[0010] In another known construction system for prefabricated buildings, bricks made entirely of plastic material are used which are assembled by interlocking to form a wall. However, this system requires transporting plastic materials in place, which is particularly onerous because of the volume that such material occupies.

[0011] From the document WO 2008/076305, moreover, a construction block is known for the construction of side walls which comprises a plurality of interconnected panels, hingedly connected to each adjacent one of the panels of the respective structural element. The structural element described in WO 2008/076305 defines a hollow load chamber having an open top and an open bottom. Adjacent structural elements are interconnected by means of appropriate rigid connection means.

[0012] In light of the above, the problem underpinning the present invention is to devise a structural element for prefabricated buildings that allows to obtain structures provided with the necessary functional and structural strength features, rapidly, with no need for specialised workers and without use of binding agents such as water and/or cement or of quality raw materials.

[0013] Within this problem, a purpose of the present invention is to devise a structural element that is easy to transport having minimal size and weight and at the same time offers the possibility of easily obtaining walls with good load-bearing capacity, in a manner that is substantially independent of the type of filling of the individual elements as well as of its distribution.

[0014] According to a first aspect, the invention thus relates to a structural element for prefabricated buildings comprising a bottom wall and a perimetral wall orthogonal to the bottom wall, the bottom wall comprising at least a first perimetral groove running along the perimeter of an upper face of said bottom wall, characterised in that the bottom part is a solid wall and it is provided with a pair of constraining means configured to provide a constraint to a vertical structure for the construction of a wall for prefabricated buildings and in that the perimetral wall is obtained starting from a rectangular plate folded such as to cause two short sides of the rectangular plate to match with each other, a lower perimetral portion of the perimetral wall being removably inserted in the first perimetral groove defining a hollow compartment, opened only at the top.

[0015] The Applicants have devised a structural element that allows to be mounted and subsequently assembled to form a wall for prefabricated buildings in a simple and rapid manner and in the absence of bonding agents, of pastes or of water.

[0016] Once mounted, the structural elements can be filled with any material obtainable on site, suitable to provide each structural element with sufficient weight to erect a stable wall and characterised by sufficient structural strength (for example stones, rocks, sand, earth and so on).

[0017] It is thus possible to develop architectural shapes similar to those generated using common bricks, but produced starting from extremely light structural elements, which can be given a "brick shape" by any person, even if not specialised.

[0018] Moreover, being made with the compartment open only superiorly allows to fill each structural element independently of the other overlying and/ or underlying elements. This offers the freedom to build more or less heavy walls, as a function of their use, or as a function of the design horizontal stress (e.g. dimensions of the roofs), but without compromising their static stability.

[0019] Filling can take place during assembly and with reference to the individual brick, thus being able to be produced in a simpler, less dangerous way.

[0020] In addition, transporting the material is particularly easy because only light components are transported, while the material that provides weight to the structure is added in place.

[0021] Not least, the modularity of the structural element also enables to minimise the transported volumes. The structural elements can be transported as flat elements (bottom wall and rectangular plates) to be mounted in place.

[0022] In essence, the structural element according to the invention advantageously allows to obtain extremely small weights and transport volumes, being able to be mounted and installed in place using everyday materials, and in an extremely simple manner, thus with no need for specialised workers.

[0023] Starting from the structural element according to the present invention it is thus advantageously possible to obtain a plurality of final shapes of the architectural casing. It is possible to obtain plan patterns with basic orthogonal geometries (square, rectangle) or with multiple sides (hexagon, octagon), hence adapting to traditional and characteristic shapes of different housing cultures.

[0024] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a wall for prefabricated buildings comprising a plurality of structural elements as described above.

[0025] Advantageously, the wall for prefabricated buildings according to the invention achieves the technical effects described above in relation to the structural element for prefabricated buildings.

[0026] Through a few, simple elements - comprising the vertical structures and the structural elements - it is advantageously possible to create provisional systems in case of emergency, or permanent systems provided with the necessary utilities that are perfectly positioned in the convexities of the wall created by the final shape and by the specific sequences of the structural elements.

[0027] The structural stability of the works built starting from walls according to the invention depends mainly on the weight of the filling material of the structural elements, hence on the mass which in addition provides the walls thus erected with acoustic and thermo-insulating properties as well. Advantageously, filling can take place in a flexible manner, structural element by structural element, and it can vary both in terms of material used and of the selected degree of filling.

[0028] Moreover, advantageously the frame - comprising the vertical structures, that serve as guides for the structural elements, and the horizontal connections - provides the system with a resistance to horizontal forces (due for example to an earthquake and/or to the wind) that is easy to calculate and therefore not left up to the workers' skill.

[0029] According to a third aspect, the invention relates to an upper roof for a building comprising a plurality of walls for prefabricated buildings as described above, wherein the roof comprises a plurality of sustaining beams and a plurality of supporting rods, each supporting rod of the plurality of supporting rods being constrained at its first end to a sustaining beam and at its second end to a vertical structure of a wall of the plurality of walls, to the supporting rods being constrained a plurality of first tiles elements arranged in rows, the first tile elements comprising a sheet of substantially rigid material, with substantially quadrilateral form and in which at least two arches are obtained, the at least two arches being shaped as a tapered half-channel, the at least two arches being configured to allow a shape and/ or force coupling with a supporting rod and a shape and/or force coupling with arches of first tile elements partially superposed laterally and with respect to upper/lower rows.

[0030] Advantageously, the particular conformation of the first tile elements assures the possibility of constraining in a simple manner the tile elements to the support rods and simultaneously to allow an appropriate superposition between tile elements that allows at every point the downward flow of rain water.

[0031] The present invention can have at least one of the preferred characteristics that follow, the latter can in particular be combined at will to meet specific application requirements.

[0032] Preferably, the rectangular plate is die cut.

[0033] Advantageously, in this case the structural elements are composed simply by folding the flaps of the rectangular plate along the folding lines provided by die cutting.

[0034] More preferably, the rectangular plate is made of plastic material.

[0035] Still more preferably, the rectangular plate is made of bio-plastic material.

[0036] In the present description and in the following claims, the expression "bio-plastic material" means a plastic material deriving from renewable and/or biodegradable raw materials. By way of example, among bio-plastic materials are included plastics obtained from corn, wheat, tapioca and/or potato starch, biodegradable plastics, polylactide, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxyvalerate, polyhydroxyhexanoate and cellulose-based plastics.

[0037] Preferably, the constraining means is a ring adapted to be inserted on the vertical structure, the ring having a complementary conformation to the section of said vertical structural.

[0038] More preferably, the constraining means is a circular ring.

[0039] Preferably, the bottom wall comprises a first constraining means positioned at a higher elevation than a second constraining means, the first and the second constraining means being positioned at opposite sides of the bottom wall.

[0040] More preferably, the first constraining means is positioned in line with the plane defined by the bottom wall, while the second constraining means is positioned at a different elevation with respect to said plane.

[0041] Advantageously, said offset arrangement of the constraining means allows a superposition of adjacent structural elements vertically in the absence of interspaces.

[0042] Preferably, the structural element comprises locking means adapted to maintain the two short sides of the rectangular plate side by side in adjacent position.

[0043] More preferably, the locking means comprise a pair of longitudinal seats each adapted to receive and hold at least one portion of a short side of the rectangular plate.

[0044] Still more preferably, the pair of longitudinal seats is adapted to hold the at least one portion of a short side of the rectangular plate by shape coupling.

[0045] By further preference, the at least one portion of a short side of the rectangular plate consists of a thickening of the edge of said short side.

[0046] Preferably, the bottom wall comprises a second perimetral groove that runs along the perimeter of a lower face of said bottom wall adapted to receive an upper perimetral portion of a second perimetral wall.

[0047] Preferably, the bottom wall has a polygonal geometry delineating a surface with a central narrowing.

[0048] Advantageously, said geometry has been found to be particularly suitable to provide structural strength to the resulting wall.

[0049] Preferably, each structural element of the plurality of structural elements is constrained at two opposite sides to a vertical structure.

[0050] Preferably, a vertical structure is a cylindrical pile.

[0051] Preferably, the vertical structure is constructed in multiple parts that can be mutually constrained to form a cylindrical pile.

[0052] Preferably, the vertical structure is connected inferiorly to a pedestal.

[0053] Preferably, the upper roof further comprises a plurality of second tile elements constrained by shape and/or force coupling to the sustaining beams.

[0054] The second tile elements that go in engagement on the sustaining beams allow to complete the closure in those points which the first tile elements constrained to the support rods do not achieve to complete the closure, e.g. if the dimensions of the roof do not correspond to perfect multiples of the first tile elements. In this way, the design of the roof is far more flexible and not constrained to fixed dimensional ratios.

[0055] More preferably, the second tile elements comprise a substantially rigid central portion shaped as a tapered half-channel, with extension along an axis, a first end of the central portion having smaller width being shaped to provide a constraint by shape coupling with a sustaining beam of the plurality of sustaining beams, and a second end of the central portion having greater width being shaped to allow a partial superposition of two second tile elements arranged side by side along the axis.

[0056] Advantageously, it is thus possible both to firmly constrain the second tile elements to the sustaining beams in a simple but effective manner, and to assure a partial superposition between said tile elements that assure the flow of rain water.

[0057] Preferably, the second tile elements comprise a pair of substantially planar lateral portions that run from the central portion, each lateral portion being constrained to the central portion in a rotatable manner around the junction line between the lateral portion and the central portion.

[0058] It is thus possible to adapt the second tile element to the specific implementation needs, adjusting the relative inclination between the central portion and the lateral portions.

[0059] Preferably, at least a first tile element comprises a through hole for connection to the first laterally adjacent tile elements, the roof further comprising a plurality of pins each configured to be inserted into a plurality of superposed through holes, wherein each pin of the plurality of pins comprises at least one compressible head.

[0060] Further features and advantages of the present invention will be more evident from the following description of some preferred embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] The different features in the individual configurations may be combined with one another as desired according to the preceding description, should there be advantages specifically resulting from a specific combination.

[0062] In such drawings,

• Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a wall for prefabricated buildings erected starting from a plurality of structural elements according to the present invention;
• Figures 2a and 2b are respectively a plan view and a side elevation view of a bottom wall of a structural element of the type used for the wall of Figure 1;
• Figures 3a and 3b are respectively a plan view in the assembled configuration and a side elevation view in the extended configuration of a lateral wall of a structural element of the type used for the wall of Figure 1;
• Figures 4 and 5 are enlarged details taken from different perspectives of an exploded view of the wall for prefabricated buildings of Figure 1;
• Figure 6 is a perspective view of the wall for prefabricated buildings of Figure 1 in partially assembled configuration;
• Figures 7 and 8 are respectively a plan view and a side elevation view of the wall for prefabricated buildings of Figure 6;
• Figure 9 is a schematic side view of a partially completed building erected starting from a plurality of structural elements according to the present invention;
• Figure 10 is a perspective view of a first tile element used for the upper roof of the building of Figure 9;
• Figure 11 is a partial perspective view of the upper roof of the building of Figure 9;
• Figure 12 is a top perspective view of a plurality of rows of first tile elements of Figure 11, arranged laterally side by side;
• Figure 13 is an enlarged detail of a first tile element that illustrates the connecting pins between first tile elements arranged side by side;
• Figure 14 is a perspective view of a second tile element used for the upper roof of the building of Figure 9 in two possible configurations;
• Figure 15 is a plan view of the upper roof of the building of Figure 9 partially completed;
• figure 15a is an enlarged detail of figure 15.

[0063] In the following description, for the illustration of the figures identical reference numerals or symbols are used to indicate constructive elements with the same function. Moreover, for clarity of illustration, some references may not be repeated in all figures.

[0064] Indications such as "vertical" and "horizontal", "upper" and "lower" (in the absence of other indications) are to be read with reference to the assembly (or operating) conditions and with reference to the normal terminology used in current language, where "vertical" indicates a substantially parallel direction to that of the gravitational force vector "g" and horizontal to a direction perpendicular thereto.

[0065] With reference to Figure 1, a first preferred embodiment is illustrated of a wall for prefabricated buildings erected starting from a plurality of structural elements according to the present invention, the latter designated in their entirety with the numeral 10.

[0066] The structural element 10 according to the invention comprises a bottom wall 11 provided, at two opposite ends, with constraining means 12a,12b to a vertical structure 101 for the assembly of a plurality of structural elements 10 to erect a wall 100 for prefabricated buildings.

[0067] In particular, in the illustrated embodiment, the constraining means 12a,12b consist of a circular ring, adapted to be inserted on cylindrical vertical structures 101. However, the section of the ring can have different shape, albeit complementary to the section of the respective vertical structure 101.

[0068] As shown in Figure 2b, a first constraining means 12a is positioned at a higher elevation than a second constraining means 12b, so as to allow the superposition of adjacent structural elements 10 vertically in the absence of interspaces. Specifically, the first constraining means 12a is positioned in line with the plane defined by the bottom wall 11, while the second constraining means 12b is positioned at a different elevation with respect to said plane, which can be higher or lower according to the direction of utilisation of the bottom wall 11.

[0069] The structural element 10 according to the invention further comprises a perimetral wall 13 and locking means 14 adapted to maintain the perimetral wall in assembled configuration, illustrated in a plan view in Figure 3a. Said perimetral wall 13 is obtained starting from a die cut rectangular plate, an example of which is shown in Figure 3b.

[0070] In the illustrated embodiment, the locking means 14 comprise a pair of longitudinal seats each adapted to receive and hold by shape coupling at least one portion 13a of a short side of the rectangular plate that constitutes the perimetral wall 13. In this way, the rectangular plates are arranged so that the two short sides constrained in the locked means 14 are side by side in an adjacent position, thereby delineating a closed curve in plan view.

[0071] As shown in more detail in Figures 4 and 5, the bottom wall 11 comprises both on its own upper face, and on its own lower face a groove 15a,15b that runs along the whole perimeter of the bottom wall 11.

[0072] The groove 15a obtained in the upper face is adapted to receive a portion of the lower side of the perimetral wall 13 so as to stably stop the perimetral wall 13 according to an orthogonal arrangement to the bottom wall 11.

[0073] The groove 15b obtained in the lower face is adapted to receive a portion of the upper side of the perimetral wall 13 of a structural element 10 vertically adjacent and positioned underneath. In this way, the lower structural element 10 is closed, defining at its interior a closed space for housing filling material, for example stones, rocks, sand and/ or earth.

[0074] In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom wall 11 has a symmetrical polygonal geometry that delineates a surface with a central narrowing.

[0075] The assembly of the wall for prefabricated buildings erected starting from a plurality of structural elements according to the present invention is as follows.

[0076] Each of the bottom walls 11 is constrained between a pair of cylindrical vertical structures 101, inserting the end rings 12a,12b on them.

[0077] In particular, the bottom walls 11 of two structural elements 10 laterally side by side are connected to the vertical structure 101 interposed between them so that the end rings 12a,12b inserted on the vertical structure 101 have different elevations.

[0078] Specifically in the illustrated embodiment, on the vertical structures 101 interposed between two side by side bottom walls 11, said bottom walls 11 are stacked in succession always maintaining the same orientation, inserting first a bottom wall 11 facing the vertical structure 101 with the ring 12a positioned at the same elevation and subsequently a bottom wall facing the vertical structure 101 with the ring 12b positioned at a different elevation and, in particular, positioned at a higher elevation.

[0079] Subsequently, the die cut rectangular plates are folded following the die cut to define a closed perimetral wall 13. The two ends 13a of the die cut plates are stably connected using locking means 14.

[0080] Each perimetral wall 13 is thus inserted in a respective perimetral groove 15 obtained in the upper face of a bottom wall 11, thereby maintaining an orthogonal arrangement between the perimetral walls 13 and the bottom walls 11.

[0081] In this way, compartments open only superiorly are created. Said compartments are subsequently filled with a filling material (not shown), for example stones, rocks, sand and/ or earth.

[0082] Lastly, on the vertical structures 101 is inserted a new series of bottom walls 11 that close the filled compartments. Specifically, the bottom walls 11 of the upper row are brought in contact with the free upper ends of the perimetral walls 13 of the underlying row, in particular inserting said free upper ends in the respective grooves 15b obtained in the lower face of the bottom walls 11.

[0083] Continuing to assemble rows of structural elements 10 as described above, a prefabricated wall is erected. In particular, the highest row of structural elements 10 is closed by means of a bottom wall 11 in which however no perimetral wall 13 is inserted superiorly.

[0084] For the erection of subsequent rows, too, the bottom walls 11 are inserted on the vertical structures 101 maintaining the same orientation as the previous rows.

[0085] With reference to Figure 1, all the rows of side by side structural elements 10 have the ring 12a in line with the bottom wall 11 positioned below the ring at a different elevation 12b belonging to the bottom wall 11 side by side and inserted on the same vertical element 101.

[0086] This sequence provides for the erection to be carried out proceeding from right to left. The next horizontal row may repeat the same assembly sequence or reverse it, allowing the insertion in the grooves 15b of the free upper ends of the side wall 13 of the underlying element 10.

[0087] The structure 100 thus erected bears on the ground through a series of pedestals 102 each connected inferiorly to a vertical structure 101. Moreover, to facilitate erection and maintain the dimensions of the individual structural elements small, the vertical structures 101 are preferably made of multiple parts that can be stacked in each other, as shown in Figure 1.

[0088] The structure 100 erected with the structural elements 10 according to the invention can be completed with the insertion of doors and openings through metallic connection elements (not show) performing the function of architrave.

[0089] For the erection of a building 200 like the one illustrated in Figure 9, four walls 100 for prefabricated buildings according to the present invention are preferably used, which constitute the base body of the building 200, and an upper roof 50. The upper roof 50 is preferably of the type with four sloping sides, as shown in Figure 15, thus comprising two pairs of inclined sustaining beams 51 which, starting from four vertical structure 101 positioned at the corners of the base body, converge two by two, to the two ends of a central horizontal sustaining ridge beam 52.

[0090] However, it is clear that the upper roof 50 can also comprise a different number of sloping sides and, consequently, the building can have a different number of walls 100.

[0091] Between each vertical structure 101 and the sustaining beams 51,52 of the upper roof 50 is connected a support rod 53 with fixed inclination with respect to the vertical structure 101. In particular, between the vertical structure 101 and the respective support rod 53 is provided an edge fitting 54 with fixed angle α, preferably between 20° and 30° and more preferably equal to 25°.

[0092] For fixing the support rods 53 and the sustaining beams 51,52 of the upper roof 50, too, fittings with fixed inclination are provided.

[0093] On the support rods 53 bears a plurality of first tile elements 55 consisting of a substantially rigid sheet of impermeable material, for example plastic, with substantially quadrilateral shape and in which are provided at least two arches 56 shaped as a tapered half-channel. The arches 56 traverse the entire width of the sheet in a substantially parallel manner with respect to one another and they have substantially equal dimensions.

[0094] The material whereof the first tile elements 55 are made has an elasticity that allows, in condition of partial superposition between adjacent first tile elements 55, to insert a tapered half-channel 56 of a first tile element 55 inside and below a tapered half-channel 56 of the adjacent tile element 55 (see Figure 12).

[0095] In the embodiment of Figure 10, the half-channel has transverse dimension B at its own narrower end and transverse dimension A at its own longer end.

[0096] The transverse dimension B of the narrower end of the half-channel 56 is selected so as to allow inserting and holding inside the channel 56 the respective support rod 53 on which bears the first tile element 55 at each half-channel 56 (see Figure 11), achieving in this way a shape and form coupling between the first tile element 55 and the rods 53 that prevents lateral and transverse relative displacements between the tile element 55 and the rods 53.

[0097] The elasticity of the material whereof the first tile elements 55 are made also allows to couple the first tile elements 55 to the respective supporting rods 53 on which they bear, inserting the rods 53 inside and below the half-channels 56.

[0098] Moreover, the transverse dimensions A and B are selected to allow the partial superposition of two parallel rows of first tile elements 55, as is schematically shown in Figures 11 and 12.

[0099] The fixing between adjacent first tile elements 55 takes place by means of pins 58 with compressible head 58a, such as those shown by way of example in Figure 13.

[0100] In a first embodiment, each first tile element 55 has, at each corner, a through hole 59 as shown in Figure 10. During installation, the through holes 59 are superposed, thereby allowing the insertion of a pin 58 with two heads, of which at least one is compressible in order to be inserted in the through holes 59. The inserted pin 58 shown in Figure 13 serves as a rivet, maintaining joined the tile elements 55 superposed in that point.

[0101] Alternatively, at least a first tile element 55 is provided with four pins projecting orthogonally from the tile element 55 in the direction in which the arches 56,57 project and placed in the positions in which the other first tile elements 55 have the through holes 59 (not shown). The projecting pins have at their free end a compressible head to allow the insertion of the pin in the holes 59 present on the adjacent tile elements 55.

[0102] Installation of the roof 50 requires that the first tile elements 55 be arrange so as to encompass with their half-channels 56 two adjacent supporting rods 53, initially leaving an empty space with respect to the next pair of support rods 53. Once this first arrangement is completed, a first row of first tile elements 55 is completed superposing additional first tile element 55 at the empty spaces initially left. This second arrangement of first tile elements 55 provides for the half-channels 56 to be superposed and to encompass the half-channels 56 of the first tile elements 55 already installed. Once the first and the second arrangement are completed, the first tile elements 55 are mutually fixed through the insertion of the pins 58 in the superposed through holes 59 belonging to two adjacent first tile elements 55.

[0103] Superposing the first tile elements 55 both on the supporting rods 53, and on each other, as described above, the arrangement shown schematically shown in the enlarged detail of Figure 15a is obtained. As shown in said figure, completion of the closure 50 is obtained by means of second tile elements 60 that engage on the sustaining beams 51,52 and cover the roof portions 50 left still empty by first tile elements 55.

[0104] The second tile elements 60, shown in detail in Figure 14, have a rigid central portion 61 shaped as a slightly tapered half-channel, with extension along an axis Y. The transverse dimension of the narrower end of the central portion 61 is selected so as to allow a constraint by shape and by force coupling with the sustaining beams 51,52. Moreover, the transverse dimension of the broader end of the central portion 61 is selected to allow a partial superposition of two second tile elements 60 side by side along the axis Y.

[0105] From the rigid central portion 61 develop two planar lateral portions 62 with substantially equal extension to the length of the central portion 61 and development orthogonal to the axis Y. Each lateral portion is constrained to the central portion rotatably around the junction line 63 between the lateral portion and the central portion. In this way it is possible to adapt the relative inclination between the central portion 61 and the lateral portions 62 according to the specific implementing needs rotating the lateral portions 62 as shown by the arrows in Figure 14.

[0106] From the above description the features of the structural element for prefabricated buildings of the present invention, as well as the advantages thereof, are evident.

[0107] From the embodiments described above, additional variants are possible, without departing from the teaching of the invention.

[0108] Finally, it is clear that a structural element for prefabricated buildings as conceived herein is susceptible to many modifications and variations, all falling within the invention; furthermore, all the details are replaceable by technically equivalent elements. In practice, the materials used, as well as their dimensions, can be of any type according to the technical requirements.

Claims

1. Structural element (10) for prefabricated buildings comprising a bottom wall (11) and a perimetral wall (13) orthogonal to the bottom wall (11), the bottom wall (11) comprising at least a first perimetral groove (15a) running along the perimeter of an upper face of said bottom wall (11), characterised in that the bottom part (11) is a solid wall and it is provided with a pair of constraining means (12a,12b) configured to provide a constraint to a vertical structure (101) for the construction of a wall (100) for prefabricated buildings and in that the perimetral wall (13) is obtained starting from a rectangular plate folded such as to cause two short sides of the rectangular plate to match with each other, a lower perimetral portion of the perimetral wall (13) being removably inserted in the first perimetral groove (15a) thereby defining a hollow compartment, opened only at the top.

2. Structural element (10) according to claim 1, wherein the rectangular plate is die cut.

3. Structural element (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the constraining means (12a,12b) is a ring adapted to be fitted on the vertical structure (101), the ring having a shape complementary to the section of said vertical structure (101).

4. Structural element (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the bottom wall (11) comprises a first constraining means (12a) positioned at a higher elevation than a second constaining means (12b), the first (12a) and the second (12b) constraining means being positioned at opposite sides of the bottom wall (11).

5. Structural element (10) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising locking means (14) adapted to maintain the two short sides of the rectangular plate side by side in adjacent position.

6. Structural element (10) according to claim 5, wherein the locking means (14) comprise a pair of longitudinal seats each adapted to receive and hold at least one portion (13a) of a short side of the rectangular plate.

7. Structural element (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the bottom wall (11) comprises a second perimetral groove (15b) running along the perimeter of a lower face of such bottom wall (11) adapted to receive an upper perimetral portion of a second perimetral wall (13).

8. Wall (100) for prefabricated buildings comprising a plurality of structural elements (10) according to any of the preceding claims.

9. Wall (100) according to claim 8, wherein each structural element (10) of the plurality of structural elements is constrained at two opposite sides to a vertical structure (101).

10. Wall (100) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein at least one vertical structure (101) is a cylindrical pile composed of several parts and preferably connected at the bottom to a pedestal (102).

11. Upper roof (50) for a building (200) comprising a plurality of walls (100) for prefabricated buildings according to any of the claims 8-10, the roof (50) comprising a plurality of sustaining beams (51,52) and a plurality of supporting rods (53), each supporting rod (53) of the plurality of supporting rods (53) being constrained at its first end to a sustaining beam (51,52) and at its second end to a vertical structure (101) of a wall (100) of the plurality of walls (100), to the supporting rods (53) being constrained a plurality of first tiles elements (50) arranged in rows, the first tile elements (50) comprising a sheet of substantially rigid material, with substantially quadrilateral form and in which at least two arches (56) are obtained, the at least two arches being shaped as a tapered half-channel, the at least two arches (56) being configured to allow a shape and/or force coupling with a supporting rod (53) and a shape and/or force coupling with arches (56) of first tile elements (50) partially superposed laterally and with respect to upper/lower rows.

12. Upper roof (50) according to claim 11, further comprising a plurality of second tile elements (60) constrained by shape and/or force coupling to the sustaining beams (51,52).

13. Upper roof (50) according to claim 12, wherein the second tile elements (60) comprise a substantially rigid central portion (61) shaped as a tapered half-channel, with extension along an axis (Y), a first end of the central portion (61) having smaller width being shaped so as to provide a constraint by shape coupling with a sustaining beam (51,52) of the plurality of sustaining beams (51,52), and a second end of the central portion (61) having greater width being shaped so as to allow a partial superposition of two second tile elements (60) arranged side by side along the axis (Y).

14. Upper roof (50) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the second tile elements (60) comprise a pair of substantially planar lateral portions (62) that run from the central portion (61), each lateral portion (62) being constrained to the central portion (61) in a rotatable manner around the junction line (63) between the lateral portion (62) and the central portion (61).

15. Upper roof (50) according to any of the claims 11 to 14, wherein at least a first tile element (50) comprises a through hole (59) for connection to the first laterally adjacent tile elements (50), the roof (50) further comprising a plurality of pins (58) each configured to be inserted into a plurality of superposed through holes (59), wherein each pin (58) of the plurality of pins (58) comprises at least one compressible head (58a).

Drawing