Technical field
[0001] The invention relates to an arrangement of a turbine blade with a straight or circular
tree-shaped root in a groove in a rotor of a turbine, in particular a steam or gas
turbine.
[0002] The invention also relates to a turbine, in particular a steam or gas turbine, in
which at least some of the turbine blades are arranged in this manner.
Background art
[0003] Several different types of arrangement and securing of a turbine blade with a straight
or circular tree-shaped root in a groove in a turbine rotor are currently known. For
example,
U.S. 4,762,775 discloses an arrangement of a blade with a circular tree-shaped root where adjacent
blades are interconnected by a shaped lock formed at the root base and the blade is
secured by a pin which extends over the entire width of the root base of one blade
to the root base of the adjacent blade. This pin is fixedly mounted in an aperture
in the root base of the first blade and is loosely received in an aperture in the
root base of the adjacent blade which allows the adjacent blades to vibrate independently
of one another. The disadvantage of this solution is above all the fact that the apertures
for the pins are provided in high stress regions of blades, and thus weaken their
structure.
[0004] EP 1643082 describes an arrangement of a turbine blade with a circular tree-shaped root, in
which a widening longitudinal groove is provided at the tip of a blade root. In the
groove is mounted a wedge-shaped bent spring which is mounted with its end folds in
radial grooves in a rotor, whereas its straight ends rest against the faces of the
blade root, by which means it prevents the turbine blade from undesirable movement
in the direction of the axis of the turbine rotor. The disadvantage of this solution
is the limited capability of cushioning some of the forces acting on the blade, which
may cause unwanted displacement of the blade in the groove. In addition, it is not
possible to check the condition of the bent spring during installation and after it
and confirm that it has not been damaged during installation. A further disadvantage
is the fact that it is quite difficult to predefine the compressive force applied
to each turbine blade and to make sure that the same compressive force is applied
to all the turbine blades.
[0005] Furthermore, an arrangement of a turbine blade is known from practice in which a
wedge is arranged in the bottom of a groove in a rotor to secure the turbine blade.
A metal hook is arranged on the wedge towards the tip of the turbine blade root, whereby
the opposite ends of the hook are curved to opposite sides, one of them being mounted
in a transverse groove formed at the tip of the blade root, the other constituting
a support surface for the outer face of the wedge. The drawback of this solution is
a low level of cushioning some components of forces acting on the blade, which may
cause unwanted displacement of the blade in the groove.
[0006] The aim of the invention is to provide an arrangement of a turbine blade with a straight
or circular tree-shaped root in a groove in a turbine rotor, which would not suffer
from the drawbacks of the types of arrangement which have been used so far.
[0007] In addition, the aim of the invention is a turbine in which at least some of the
turbine blades are arranged in this manner.
Principle of the invention
[0008] The aim of the invention is achieved by an arrangement of a turbine blade with a
straight or circular tree-shaped root in a groove in a rotor of a turbine, in particular
a steam or gas turbine, whose principle consists in that at the tip of the root of
the turbine blade at least from one side of the turbine blade a recess is formed from
the outer side and within the space of the recess, between the tip of the root of
the turbine blade and the bottom of the groove in the rotor, a locking wedge deformed
in a controlled manner is inserted with an overlap in the radial direction, whereby
the locking wedge is on its inner side over its entire width provided with a deformation
groove and is in contact with the face of the recess at the tip of the root of the
turbine blade and from the outer side is secured against axial displacement outwardly
from the groove in the rotor by means of a securing element arranged demountably in
the groove in the rotor or extending to the groove in the rotor.
[0009] To achieve mutual fitting and uniform surface contact, it is preferred that a recess
with a bearing surface for the locking wedge is provided in the bottom of the rotor
groove.
[0010] In a preferred embodiment of an arrangement of a turbine blade in a groove in a turbine
rotor, the securing element is formed by a securing pin, which is arranged in a radial
aperture in the bottom of a groove in the rotor, and the locking wedge is provided
with a means which extends to the space between the pin and the tip of the root of
the turbine blade and secures the securing pin against unwanted movement in the radial
direction. Such a means is, for example, a pair of lamellas, which, after installation,
are bent to the space above the top of the securing pin.
[0011] To facilitate the assembly and, in case of need, also disassembly, it is advantageous
if the locking wedge is provided with an elevated bearing surface on its lower and/or
upper surface, whereby the radial overlap of its mounting in the space between the
tip of the root of the turbine blade and the bottom of the rotor groove is realized
only in the space of the bearing surface/surfaces.
[0012] In addition to the arrangement of the turbine blade, the aim of the invention is
also achieved by a turbine, especially a steam or gas turbine, having turbine blades
with a straight or circular tree-shaped root mounted in a groove in the turbine rotor,
whose principle consists in that at least some turbine blades are arranged in the
manner according to the invention.
Description of drawings
[0013] In the drawings, Fig.1 schematically shows a part of a sectional view of a steam
turbine rotor with turbine blades arranged in exemplary embodiment of the arrangement
of the turbine blade according to the invention with a locking wedge and a securing
pin; Fig. 2 schematically shows a detail of this embodiment of the arrangement of
the turbine blade and Fig. 3 schematically shows a view of the locking wedge and the
securing pin of Figure 2 in the direction of the axis of the turbine rotor.
Examples of embodiment
[0014] An arrangement of a turbine blade in a groove in a rotor according to the invention
will be further described with reference to a variant of arrangement of terminal turbine
blade of a steam turbine with a circular tree-shaped root, which is schematically
shown in different views in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3. However, as is obvious to the person
skilled in the art, this arrangement can also be used without further adaptations
for the arrangement of a moving blade with a straight tree-shaped root, or the elements
used may be created and/or arranged in a manner different than shown and described.
[0015] The turbine blade
1 of the turbine is provided in its lower part with a well-known tree-shaped root
10 with conical contact surfaces
100. The tree-shaped root
10 is arranged in a groove
20 of a corresponding shape in the turbine rotor
2. To secure the turbine blade
1 against undesirable displacement in the direction of the axis of the rotor
2 of the turbine (arrow A), recesses
110 are formed from the outer side on both sides of the tip
11 of the tree-shaped root
10, that is, from the side of the inlet and outlet, and within the space of these recesses
110 between the tip
11 of the root
10 of the turbine blade
1 and the bottom
21 of the groove
20 in the rotor
2 locking wedges
3 deformed in a controlled manner are inserted, with overlap in the radial direction.
These locking wedges
3 are on their inner side along their entire width provided with a deformation groove
30, which increases their deformability. The locking wedges
3 are in contact with the faces
111 of the recesses
110. Preferably, but not necessarily, the deformation grooves
30 are widening continuously towards the end of the locking wedges
3. From the outer side, the locking wedges
3 are secured against unwanted movement in the direction of the axis of the turbine
rotor
2 by a securing element demountably arranged in the groove
20 in the rotor
2 or extending to the groove
20 in the rotor
2. In the shown variant of embodiment, the securing element is a securing pin
4 arranged in a radial aperture
40 formed in the bottom
21 of the groove
20 in the rotor
2. Preferably, the locking wedge
3 is on the outer side against which rests the securing pin
4 provided with a suitably shaped bearing surface, which is rounded in the shown variant
of embodiment. Preferably, it is provided at the same time with a means which extends
to the space between the securing pin
4 and the surface of the recess
110 and secures the securing pin
4 against undesirable movement in the radial direction (arrow B). In the illustrated
variant of embodiment, this means is formed by a pair of lamellas
31 arranged on the outer side of the locking wedge
3. Between the lamellas
31, there is sufficient space for insertion of the securing pin
4 into the radial aperture
40 in the bottom
21 of the groove
20 in the rotor
2. After insertion of the securing pin
4, these lamellas
31 are bent towards each other and above the top of the securing pin
4. In other embodiments not shown, a securing means can be, for example, a suitable
rigid projection on the outer side of the locking wedge
3, or, alternatively, the locking wedge
3 and the securing pin
4 may be connected by a suitable shaped lock or a connecting element, such as a bolt,
a pin, etc. The illustrated variant in which the locking wedge
3 is secured from the outer side by the securing pin
3 seems to be the most appropriate in terms of manufacturing, mounting and reliability,
but in other embodiments other structural elements and measures can be used - for
example, as a securing element it is possible to use a bolt which passes from the
outer side askew into a skew aperture in the bottom
21 of the groove
20 in the rotor
2, etc. Alternatively, the securing pin
4 can be inserted in an aperture arranged in the wall of the groove
20 in the rotor
2 such that it extends directly or askew at least over a part of the width of the groove
20, etc.
[0016] In the embodiment shown, the locking wedge
3 is provided with an elevated contact surface
32 on its upper surface, whereby radial overlap
in the arrangement of the locking wedge
3 in the space between the tip
11 of the root
10 of the turbine blade
1 and the bottom
21 of the groove
20 in the rotor
2 only occurs on this contact surface
32. However, this embodiment is not a necessary condition and the elevated contact surface
32 can be formed in other variants of embodiment also or only on the lower surface of
the locking wedge
3. In other variants of embodiment, the contact surface
32 is formed by the entire upper and/or by the lower surface of the locking wedge
3.
[0017] In order to ensure mutual fitting and uniform surface contact, it is preferable,
but not necessary, if a recess
210 is provided in the bottom
21 of the groove
20 in the rotor
2 with a bearing surface for the locking wedge
3.
[0018] In the illustrated variant of embodiment, the locking wedge
3 is on its inner side, on the upper and lower surfaces, provided with a chamfer
33, which facilitates the insertion of the locking wedge
3 into the space between the tip
11 of the root
10 of the turbine blade
1 and the bottom
21 of the groove
20 in the rotor
2. In other variants, however, the chamfer
33 may be formed only on one surface of the locking wedge
3, or it may be formed on at least one side surface of the locking wedge
3, or it does not have to be formed at all.
[0019] Due to its location, the locking wedge
3 cushions components of forces acting on the turbine blade
1 on its surface which is in contact with the face
111 of the recess
110 and reliably prevents displacement of the turbine blade
1 in the direction of the axis of the turbine rotor
2. Moreover, due to its controlled deformation, occurring during insertion, the locking
wedge
3 pushes the contact surfaces
100 of the root
10 of the turbine blade
1 into contact with the respective surfaces of the groove
20 in the rotor
2, thereby fixing the turbine blade
1 also in the radial direction. Compared to the known method of securing, this radial
compressive force is lower and the turbine blade
1 is not inserted in the rotor
2 on tight.
[0020] The arrangement and securing of the turbine blades
1 is then performed in a position with the paddle of the turbine blade
1 directed downwards, whereby each turbine blade is inserted into the respective groove
20 in the rotor
2 and aligned radially according to the blading plan. Once aligned axially, the locking
wedge
3 is inserted into the space between the tip
11 of the root
10 of the turbine blade
1 and the bottom
21 of the groove
20 in the rotor
2, until it contacts the face
111 of the recess
110. Then the securing element is arranged and, if necessary, it is secured against unwanted
movement in the radial direction - in the illustrated variant of embodiment, by bending
the lamellas
31 on the outer side of the locking wedge
3 above it, etc.
[0021] The described method of the arrangement and securing of a turbine blade
1 can be combined with other well-known methods, when, for example, on the opposite
sides of one turbine blade
1 different methods are used.
[0022] In the case of a turbine, especially a steam or gas turbine, at least a part of the
moving blades
1 arranged in the grooves
20 in the rotor
2 are arranged in this manner. This applies particularly, but not necessarily, to terminal
turbine blades
1.
List of references
[0023]
- 1
- turbine blade
- 10
- tree-shaped root of the turbine blade
- 100
- contact surface of the tree-shaped root of the turbine blade
- 11
- tip of the tree-shaped root of the turbine blade
- 110
- recess at the tip of the tree-shaped root of the turbine blade
- 111
- face of the recess at the tip of the tree-shaped root of the turbine blade
- 2
- rotor of the turbine
- 20
- groove in the rotor of the turbine
- 21
- bottom of the groove in the rotor of the turbine
- 210
- recess in the bottom of the groove in the rotor of the turbine
- 3
- locking wedge
- 30
- deformation groove of the locking wedge
- 31
- lamella of the locking wedge
- 32
- contact surface of the locking wedge
- 33
- chamfer of surface of the locking wedge
- 4
- securing pin
- 40
- radial aperture for the securing pin
1. An arrangement of a turbine blade (1) with a straight or circular tree-shaped root
(10) in a groove (20) in a rotor (2) of a turbine, in particular a steam or gas turbine,
characterized in that at the tip (11) of the root (10) of the turbine blade (1) at least from one side
of the turbine blade (1), a recess (110) is formed from the outer side and within
the space of the recess, between the tip (11) of the root (10) of the turbine blade
(1) and the bottom of the groove (20) in the rotor (2) a locking wedge (3) deformed
in a controlled manner is inserted with an overlap in the radial direction, whereby
the locking wedge (3) is on its inner side over its entire width provided with a deformation
groove (30) and is in contact with a face (111) of the recess (110) at the tip (11)
of the root (10) of the turbine blade (1) and from the outer side is secured against
the axial displacement outwardly from the groove (20) in the rotor (2) by means of
a securing element arranged demountably in the groove (20) in the rotor (2) or extending
to the groove (20) in the rotor (2).
2. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that a recess (210) for the locking wedge (3) is formed in the bottom (31) of the groove
(20) in the rotor (2).
3. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the securing element is formed by a securing pin (4) arranged in a radial aperture
(40) in the bottom (21) of the groove (20) in the rotor (2) and the locking wedge
(3) is provided with a means which extends to the space between the securing pin (4)
and the tip (11) of the root (10) of the turbine blade (2) and secures the securing
pin (4) against movement in the radial direction.
4. The arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the means extending to the space between the securing pin (4) and the tip (11) of
the root (10) of the turbine blade (1) and securing it against movement in the radial
direction is a pair of lamellas (31) arranged on the outer side of the locking wedge
(3).
5. The arrangement according to claim 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that the locking wedge (3) is provided on its lower and/or upper outer surface with an
elevated contact surface (32), whereby the radial overlap of its arrangement in the
space between the tip (11) of the root (10) of the turbine blade (1) and the bottom
(21) of the groove (20) in the rotor (2) of turbine is realized only in the space
of the contact surface/surfaces (32).
6. A turbine, especially a steam or gas turbine, having turbine blades (1) with a straight
or circular tree-shaped root (10) arranged in a groove (20) in a rotor (2) of a turbine,
characterized in that at the tip (11) of the root (10) of at least some turbine blades (1), a recess (110)
is formed from the outer side and within the space of the recess, between the tip
(11) of the root (10) of a turbine blade (1) and the bottom of the groove (20) in
the rotor (2) a locking wedge (3) deformed in a controlled manner is inserted with
an overlap in the radial direction, whereby the locking wedge (3) is on its inner
side along its entire width provided with a deformation groove (30) and is in contact
with the face (111) of the recess (110) at the tip (11) of the root (10) of the turbine
blade (1) and from the outer side is secured against the axial displacement outwardly
from the groove (20) in the rotor (2) by means of a securing element arranged demountably
in the groove (20) in the rotor (2) or extending to the groove (20) in the rotor (2).
7. The turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that a recess for the locking wedge (3) is formed in the bottom of the groove in the rotor.
8. The turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that the securing element is formed by a securing pin (4) arranged in a radial aperture
(40) in the bottom (21) of the groove (20) in the rotor (2) and the locking wedge
(3) is provided with a means which extends to the space between this securing pin
(4) and the tip (11) of the root (10) of the turbine blade (2) and secures it against
movement in the radial direction.
9. The turbine according to claim 8, characterized in that the means which extends to the space between the securing pin (4) and the tip (11)
of the root (10) of the turbine blade (1) and secures it against radial movement is
a pair of lamellas (31) arranged on the outer side of the locking wedge (3).
10. The turbine according to claim 6, 8 or 9, characterized in that the locking wedge (3) is on its lower and/or upper outer surface provided with an
elevated contact surface (32), whereby the radial overlap of its arrangement in the
space between the tip (11) of the root (10) of the turbine blade (1) and the bottom
(21) of the groove (20) of the rotor (2) is realized only in the space of the contact
surface/surfaces (32).