Field of the Invention
[0001] The solution concerns a coupling element for a timber-concrete ceiling composite
construction.
Background of the Invention
[0002] Timber ceiling constructions in construction objects are stressed mainly by bending,
but dynamic stresses are also important, for example the vibrations of walkable ceilings.
The disadvantages of standard construction solutions of timber ceilings are their
low fire resistance, inconvenient acoustic properties and low solidity of the construction.
There are currently many methods of realizing a coupled timber-concrete composite
cross-section on an existing ceiling construction. It is a coupling system with discrete
components (nails, screws, bolts, special screws).
[0003] The coupling system using perforated bars made from hard-wearing waterproof plywood
without any surface finishing is described in the Czech utility model
CZ 25368 U1.
[0004] The Czech utility model
CZ 19783 U1 describes the technical solution of a combined roof beam for use in ceiling construction
in new buildings as well as to replace existing ceiling beams or entire ceilings during
building reconstruction. The technical solution lies essentially in the base part
of the ceiling beam being formed by an elongated, beam-like body made from construction
or glued laminated timber. At least one steel or plastic perforated bar, which is
in the vertical plane, is glued parallel to its lengthwise axis onto the base part,
partially embedded and its protruding part is perforated to insert the steel reinforcement
of the concrete panel. The timber beam is the support part of the concrete ceiling
construction in ground constructions, mainly housing ones. The combined ceiling beam
with a glued steel or plastic coupling bar is composed of an elongated beam-like body,
onto which a steel or perforated bar is glued using a coating of glue. In the construction
the combined ceiling beam with a glued perforated bar is composite with the reinforced
concrete ceiling panel.
[0005] The Czech patent application
CZ20130187 A3 describes the invention of composite materials, specifically timber-concrete beams.
A coupled timber-concrete composite ceiling beam consists of a timber part and a reinforced
concrete part. The timber part is made from glued laminated timber and its dimensions
are designed based on the load demands and the span of the final construction in which
the beam will be used. A continuous groove of special dimensions and geometry is cut
in the top face of the timber part of the profile and in its axis. A coupling bar
made from hard-wearing waterproof plywood without any further surface working is glued
into the groove. The bar is made as an infinite component, its length is derived from
the length of the beam.
[0006] The Czech utility model application
CZ 27419 U1 describes the technical solution of support ceiling constructions, specifically composite
timber-concrete beams. The composite timber-concrete beam coupled with metal components
is composed of a timber and reinforced concrete panel. The reinforced concrete panel
is made from concrete that has concrete reinforcement built into it, following which
the surface of the panel is polished. At least one timber beam with perforated metal
plates is placed onto such finished panel in a way that the plates are embedded into
the base concrete panel. The length of the plates not covered in concrete is at least
one third. The connection of the perforated plates with the timber beam is executed
by convex nails. The perforations on the plates are evenly placed.
[0007] The Czech utility model
CZ 22590 U1 describes the technical solution of the structural strengthening of the existing
timber beam ceiling construction. This solution is particularly suitable for old,
historically preserved objects. The solution lies in attaching a coupling component
onto at least part of one beam. This coupling component is securely connected to the
concrete support construction placed above the timber beams. The technical solution
also lies in the concrete support construction consisting of a monolithical, reinforced
concrete panel and the concrete support construction being formed by a fibre-reinforced
concrete panel. It is further important that the coupling component is composed of
a bed bearer, whose bottom part is placed in the groove on the top surface of the
beam, wherein the empty space in the groove is filled up with glue. The bed bearer
has openings into which the armature components of the concrete support construction
are situated.
[0008] The Czech utility model
CZ 22649 U1 describes a ceiling construction equipped with a floor construction composed of layers
of impact sound and acoustic insulation, particularly the construction of a beam ceiling
composed of timber beams with joists. The solution lies in the acoustic insulation
being formed of at least one layer of fibre-reinforced concrete panels. A flexible
film may be placed on the layer of fibre-reinforced concrete panels and on top of
it the floor itself. The ceiling construction may be a beam ceiling made of timber
beams with a joist, on top of which, in the family house version, is placed a layer
of impact sound insulation, and placed on top of that is a layer composed of more
than two fibre-reinforced concrete panels lying on each other. In the beam ceiling
version, that is more demanding in acoustic insulation, a flexible film is placed
over the joist, on this film is placed a layer of more than two fibre-reinforced concrete
panels, on this is placed a layer of impact sound insulation, on top of which is another
layer composed of more than two fibre-reinforced concrete panels lying on each other.
Timber beams may have a lower joist, which will have the function of cross sectional
hardening. A plasterboard dropped ceiling may be hung on the lower joist, wherein
there is a layer of mineral insulation between it and the joist.
[0009] The international patent application
WO 9411589 presents the invention of a timber-concrete floor, which lowers the transition of
shearing load between the timber and concrete. The floor contains a set of supports
on brackets connected with the concrete panel. The connection between the timber and
concrete is secured by a panel with iron spikes. The panels are partially inserted
into the concrete and partially into the beams.
[0010] The US patent
US 5809722 A discloses shearing connectors that reinforce concrete slab building structures supported
with wood girder beams. The shearing connector has metal lengthwise extending horizontal
frame and metal shear load transfer plates projecting down at both ends of the frame.
The transfer plates of the connector are fixed to the girder beam in a groove pocket
by means of mechanical fasteners (e.g. screws, bolts). The horizontal frame of the
connector comprises a plurality of openings for reinforcing rods and there is an additional
wire reinforcement mesh arranged around the reinforcing rods. A concrete slab is poured
over the shearing connectors, the reinforcing rods and the wire reinforcement mesh
in order to fix their position and the resulting compression load forces are thus
transferred to the underlying wooden beam. Such connection of wood and metal might
cause mutual corrosion of these materials at humidity levels higher than roughly 60
%. The resulting shear force between the wood girder beam and the metal shearing connector
is absorbed only by the fasteners in the groove pockets, which might cause weakening
of the wooden beam material at the pocket sites. In addition, the mechanical fastening
of the connectors to the wood girder beams poses a disadvantage due to inflexibility
in adjusting hardness and stiffness of the whole building structure.
[0011] The European patent application
EP 0939175 A2 discloses a metal connecting element for assembling wood and concrete. The connecting
element has an elongated rectangular-shaped body with a plurality of anchors arranged
on top, comprising angled feet alternatingly extending from both sides of the body
and further with positioning elements projecting sideways from the body. The connecting
element is fixed to the underlying wooden beam by means of a glued connection in a
groove and with screws fastening the positioning elements to the wooden beam. The
elongated body comprises a plurality of openings for reinforcing rods. A concrete
slab is poured over the connecting element and the reinforcing rods in order to fix
their position in relation to the wooden beam. Similarly, such connection of wood
and metal might cause mutual corrosion of these materials at humidity levels higher
than roughly 60 %, which might in turn affect the glue used at the interface of the
connection. Moreover, double investment and construction requirements arise as the
system comprises a glued and a mechanical connection at the same time. The concrete
to be cast over the connecting elements would have to be of high fluidity, to consist
of fine particles and the pouring would have to be carried out with care in order
not to damage the anchors or angled feet. Otherwise, the main coupling elements would
only be the mechanical fasteners (screws), and not the glued connection.
[0012] The objective of the invention is to design a coupled timber-concrete composite ceiling
construction, which facilitates the realization of ceiling constructions that can
transfer higher loads on larger dividers than is usually possible with this material
and constructional arrangement of the particular construction.
Summary of the Invention
[0013] The objective of the invention is reached and the defects mentioned above are removed
by a coupling element for a timber-concrete composite ceiling construction, wherein
the coupling element is made from a timber-based material. The coupling element has
a coupling bar implemented onto a timber body of the coupling element, while the coupling
bar partially overreaches the surface of the body of the coupling element. The coupling
bar has openings to insert the coupling reinforcements, and to connect with a ceiling
beam through a glued connection, the coupling bar has a set of openings or grooves
and toothing on the bottom edge. The coupling bar, which is made of timber, is an
integral part of the coupling element and is securely connected with the body of the
coupling element through a glued connection, which may be accomplished by using the
appropriate glue when gluing in the workshop, so that the glued connection is secure
and durable.
[0014] Preferably, the body of the coupling element is formed by two parts, between which
the coupling bar is inserted. To build the desired ceiling construction equipped with
coupling elements it is favourable if the ceiling beams comprise grooves in which
the coupling elements are arranged through a glued connection. A boarding is arranged
between the coupling elements. Moreover, the coupling reinforcement is in contact
with lengthwise reinforcements which are then as a whole covered by the concrete panel.
[0015] To ensure adequate heat or sound insulation of the ceiling construction equipped
with coupling elements it is advantageous if there is insulation arranged between
the coupling elements and placed on the boarding.
[0016] The solution of the timber-concrete composite ceiling construction lies in the creation
of a composite timber-concrete cross-section in the ceiling construction, where the
concrete, or rather the timber-concrete part is under pressure and the timber part
is predominately strained by pulling, or rather bending. This effect is ensured using
the specially shaped and arranged coupling element, which has a coupling bar implemented
in it, which may have a variable shape as well as having a specific material composition.
It is made from a hard-wearing waterproof thin timber plywood. The coupling bar is
glued between the timber body of the coupling element and is its fixed component.
The coupling bar is glued symmetrically to the centre of the body of the coupling
element and the coupling bar partially overreaches its profile. The bar has openings
to insert the coupling reinforcements and on the opposite end it is arranged in the
groove formed in the timber coupling element. During its installation the coupling
element is glued onto the top face of the ceiling beam, in which a groove for its
gluing has been formed beforehand. There are openings made in the coupling bar, which
is a fixed component of the coupling element, and the concrete reinforcement is inserted
into these openings, this reinforcement extends up to the constructional concrete
lengthwise reinforcement, wherein both these reinforcements are covered in concrete
and form the reinforced concrete parts of the ceiling.
[0017] This arrangement of the timber-concrete composite ceiling construction allows for
the realization of acoustic and/or thermally-technical measures, which is ensured
by inserting appropriate insulation between the coupling elements.
[0018] The ceiling construction created with the technology "Coupled timber-concrete composite
ceiling construction DB-ECO II" has a higher load capacity and toughness, wherein
the higher toughness means a higher resistance to vibration as opposed to traditional
timber ceiling constructions. This arrangement of the construction also allows for
the realization of other construction measures and therefore the construction may
achieve above standard qualities.
Clarification of Figures
[0019] The invention is further described using pictures, where Fig. 1 shows a sectional
view of the ceiling construction with inserted coupling elements, Fig. 2a shows a
sectional view of the coupling element with the extended coupling bar, Fig. 2b shows
an embodiment of the coupling bar with shallow grooves, Fig. 2b shows an embodiment
of the coupling bar with circular openings and Fig. 2c shows a side view of the coupling
element with the implemented coupling bar and Fig. 3 shows a side sectional view of
the ceiling construction with inserted coupling elements.
Exemplary Embodiments of the Invention
[0020] The invention concerns the coupling element
4, which is depicted in Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b and Fig. 2c. The coupling element
4 in this embodiment has a coupling bar
9 implemented into the timber body
10 of the coupling element
4, which partially overreaches the surface of the body
10 of the coupling element
4, wherein to insert the coupling reinforcements
6, the coupling bar
9 has several openings
11 and for connection with the timber construction component, the coupling bar
9 has a series of openings
14 or grooves
12 and on the bottom edge also toothing
13. Coupling elements
4 can be arranged in the construction in various ways, e.g. close behind one another,
with spaces between them, etc. The size of the coupling elements
4 is limited by the shape of the existing timber construction which is to be redeveloped
using this technology and further limited by the weight of the coupling element
4 so that the gluing of the coupling element
4 into the top part of the ceiling beam
1 is feasible under the conditions of the construction site. As it is apparent from
the enclosed figures, i.e. Fig. 2b and Fig. 2c, the shape of the coupling bar
9 is dependent on the method of gluing and the type of glue.
[0021] The technology of the composite construction elements is provided by the coupling
system as described in this invention, which is the bearer of a higher load capacity
and toughness of the ceiling construction. The technology is applicable on existing
timber ceiling constructions, an example of such ceiling construction is depicted
in Fig. 1. The coupling elements
4 are made in the workshop using an industrial, or rather a workshop method. It is
a timber product, which may be made using for example in the technologies of producing
glued laminated timber, further referred to as GLT (LLD) so that when the coupling
element
4 is assembled in the workshop, the coupling bar
9 can be glued in geometrically precisely. The coupling element
4 is roughly shaped as a small sized panel, or rather its height is systematically
smaller than its width and length. The size is limited by the total weight of the
coupling element
4, wherein it is desirable to abide by the rule of easy manipulation with the coupling
element
4 in the construction site. In the centre of the width, along the entire length of
the body
10 of the coupling element
4, the industrial, or rather workshop method is used to implement the middle part of
the coupling bar
9, which is a fixed component of the coupling element
4 and overreaches (overhangs) its top face and under its bottom face. The coupling
bar
9 protrudes over the top face of the coupling element
4 with the part where it has circular openings
11 to insert the coupling reinforcement
6. The coupling bar
9 protrudes over the bottom of the coupling element
4 with the part designed for the gluing of the ceiling beam
1 onto the pre-prepared groove
2 in its top face. The groove
2 is filled with suitable glue. And glue is also applied on the coupling bar, or rather
on its part that is designed to be glued onto the groove
2 which is prepared for the gluing by treating its surface and applying the glue. Afterwards
the coupling element
4 is inserted onto the groove
2, wherein the technological gluing process as specified by the glue manufacturer is
abided. In the part designed for gluing the coupling bar
9 is treated using a special method. It is apparent from fig. 2a and fig. 2b that in
the part designed for gluing onto the timber, the coupling bar
9 is equipped with toothing
13 and on the sides with shallow grooves
12 or perforations in the form of small openings
14. In the part which is designed for connection with the concrete, the coupling bar
9 has openings
11, for example circular, which are designed for insertion of the coupling reinforcement
6. These coupling reinforcements
6 are arranged perpendicularly to the lengthwise reinforcements
7 made from reinforced steel. In the spaces between the ceiling beams
1 where the effect of the coupling is not considered (composite T-profile) the insulation
5 may be placed, for example heat or acoustic insulation. This way the ceiling construction
will be lightened and its heat insulation and acoustic characteristics will be improved.
Finally the concrete is applied and both reinforcements are covered in concrete as
a whole, which creates the concrete panel
8.
Industrial Application
[0022] The technology is applied as a new construction or as a reconstruction technology
for reinforcing and narrowing of existing timber ceiling constructions.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
[0023]
- 1
- Ceiling beam
- 2
- Groove formed in the top face of the ceiling beam 1
- 3
- Boarding
- 4
- Coupling element
- 5
- Heat or sound insulation
- 6
- Coupling reinforcement inserted through the openings 11 in the coupling bar 9
- 7
- Construction concrete reinforcement
- 8
- Concrete part of the ceiling
- 9
- Coupling bar
- 10
- Body of the coupling element 4
- 11
- Circular openings to insert the coupling reinforcement 6
- 12
- Shallow grooves on both sides of the bar 9
- 13
- Toothing on the bottom edge of the bar 9
- 14
- Small openings (perforations) along the entire width of the bar 9
1. Coupling element (4) for a timber-concrete ceiling composite construction, wherein the coupling element
(4) is made from a timber-based material, wherein the coupling element (4) has a coupling bar (9) implemented onto a timber body (10) of the coupling element (4), while the coupling bar (9) partially overreaches the surface of the body (10) of the coupling element (4), wherein to insert a coupling reinforcement (6), the coupling bar (9) has openings (11) and to connect with a ceiling beam (1) through a glued connection, the coupling bar (9) has several openings (14) or grooves (12) and toothing (13) on the bottom edge, and wherein the coupling bar (9) is an integral part of the coupling element (4) and is securely connected with the body (10) of the coupling element (4), characterized in that the coupling bar (9) is made of timber and in that the coupling bar (9) is connected with the body (10) of the coupling element (4) through a glued connection.
2. Coupling element (4) according to claim 1, characterised in that the body (10) of the coupling element (4) is formed by two parts, between which the coupling bar (9) is inserted.
3. Ceiling construction comprising coupling elements (4) according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the ceiling beams (1) comprise grooves (2) in which the coupling elements (4) are arranged through a glued connection and between coupling elements (4) a boarding (3) is arranged, wherein the coupling reinforcement (6) inserted through the openings (11) of the coupling element (4) is in contact with lengthwise reinforcements (7) which are covered in a concrete panel (8) as a whole.
4. Ceiling construction comprising coupling elements (4) according to claim 3, characterised in that an insulation (5) is arranged between the coupling elements (4) and placed on the boarding (3).
1. Ein Kopplungselement (4) für eine Holz-Beton-Deckenverbundkonstruktion, wobei das Kopplungselement (4) aus einem Holzwerkstoff hergestellt ist, wobei das Kopplungselement (4) eine Kopplungsstange (9) aufweist, die auf einen Holzkörper (10) des Kopplungselements (4) umgesetzt wird, wobei die Kopplungsstange (9) teilweise die Oberfläche des Körpers (10) des Kopplungselements (4) übergreift, wobei zur Einlage einer Kopplungsverstärkung (6), die Kopplungsstange (9) Öffnungen (11) aufweist, und zum Verbunden mit einem Deckenbalken (1) durch eine Klebeverbindung, die Kopplungsstange (9) mehrere Öffnungen (14) oder Nuten (12) und Verzahnung (13) an der Unterkante aufweist, und wobei die Kopplungsstange (9) ein integraler Bestandteil des Kopplungselements (4) ist und mit dem Körper (10) des Kopplungselements (4) fest verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kopplungsstange (9) aus Holz besteht und dass die Kopplungsstange (9) mit dem Körper (10) des Kopplungselements (4) über eine Klebeverbindung verbunden ist.
2. Das Kopplungselement (4) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper (10) des Kopplungselements (4) durch zwei Teile gebildet ist, zwischen denen die Kopplungsstange (9) eingesetzt ist.
3. Eine Deckenkonstruktion mit den Kopplungselementen (4) nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckenbalken (1) Nuten (2) aufweisen, in denen die Kopplungselemente (4) durch eine Klebeverbindung angeordnet sind und zwischen den Kopplungselementen (4) eine Schalung (3) angeordnet ist, wobei die durch die Öffnungen (11) des Kopplungselements (4) eingesetzte Kopplungsverstärkung (6) mit Längsverstärkungen (7) in Kontakt steht, die als Ganzes in einer Betonplatte (8) abgedeckt sind.
4. Die Deckenkonstruktion mit den Kopplungselementen (4), nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den Kopplungselementen (4) eine Isolierung (5) angeordnet ist, die auf der Schalung (3) angeordnet ist.
1. Un élément d'accouplement (4) pour une construction composite de plafond en bois-béton, où l'élément d'accouplement
(4) est réalisé à partir d'un matériau à base de bois, où l'élément d'accouplement (4) comprend une barre d'accouplement (9) mise en œuvre sur un corps en bois (10) de l'élément d'accouplement (4), où la barre d'accouplement (9) dépasse partiellement la surface du corps (10) de l'élément d'accouplement (4), où pour insérer un élément de renforcement d'accouplement (6), la barre d'accouplement (9) a des ouvertures (11) et pour se relier à une poutre de plafond (1) par une liaison collée, la barre d'accouplement (9) comprend plusieurs ouvertures (14) ou rainures (12) et une denture (13) sur le bord inférieur, et où la barre d'accouplement (9) fait une partie intégrale de l'élément d'accouplement (4) et est reliée d'une manière sécurisée au corps (10) de l'élément d'accouplement (4), caractérisé en ce que la barre d'accouplement (9) est réalisée en bois et en ce que la barre d'accouplement (9) est reliée au corps (10) de l'élément d'accouplement (4) par une liaison collée.
2. L'élément d'accouplement (4) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le corps (10) de l'élément d'accouplement (4) est formé de deux parties, entre lesquelles la barre d'accouplement (9) est insérée.
3. Une construction de plafond comprenant les éléments d'accouplement (4) selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que les poutres de plafond (1) comprennent des rainures (2), dans lesquelles les éléments d'accouplement (4) sont disposés par une liaison collée et entre les éléments d'accouplement (4) un coffrage (3) est disposé, où l'élément de renforcement d'accouplement (6) inséré à travers les ouvertures (11) de l'élément d'accouplement (4) est en contact avec des éléments de renforcement longitudinaux (7) qui sont recouverts dans un panneau de béton (8) dans son ensemble.
4. La construction de plafond comprenant les éléments d'accouplement (4), selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce qu'une isolation (5) est disposée entre les éléments d'accouplement (4) et est placée sur le coffrage (3).