[0001] The present invention is directed towards a security sheet comprising a plastic substrate
and a reinforcement layer embedded within it. The present invention is further directed
to a security document made from such a security sheet and a method of manufacturing
such a security sheet.
[0002] Security documents commonly comprise one or more security sheets on which information
is provided. Exemplary security documents include cards, such as identity cards and
driving licences, and booklets, such as passports, passbooks, identification documents,
certificates, licences, cheque books and the like. The security sheet may be formed
from a sheet comprising a plastic, which is typically polycarbonate. Plastic sheets
are more durable than fibrous substrate security sheets and are resistant to delamination
by a counterfeiter. During manufacture a number of thin plastic layers are laid over
one another and fused together, thereby forming a thicker plastic sheet.
[0003] The security sheet usually contains personal data, which may in the form of laser
markings or the like and located within the thickness of the security sheet. A plastic
security sheet may also comprise various security features, such as UV responsive
arrangements, optically variable features, windowed or transparent features, laser-perforations,
laser markings and tactile features.
[0004] Counterfeiters are known to counterfeit such security sheets by changing the personal
data whilst maintaining the other security features. As the personal data is usually
located beneath the surfaces of the security sheet, the counterfeiter will often try
to abrade the material from one of the surfaces to reach the personal data. Counterfeiters
typically abrade the surface underneath the personal data as any adaption of the top
surface would be more visible to a document inspector. After changing the personal
data the counterfeiter may add further plastic over the abraded area in an attempt
to hide the counterfeit.
[0005] Patent document
WO 2014/209104 A2 discloses a security sheet according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a security sheet that is adapted
to resist counterfeiting in this manner. A further object is to provide an improved
method of manufacture such a security document.
[0007] The present invention therefore provides a security sheet for displaying personal
data comprising a plastic substrate and a reinforcement layer embedded within the
plastic substrate, the reinforcement layer being formed from a material which is different
from and harder than that from which the plastic substrate is formed, wherein the
reinforcement layer is permeable such that plastic substrate is fused through the
reinforcement layer.
[0008] The reinforcement layer may significantly increase the difficulty of abrading the
plastic substrate and thereby deter counterfeiters. Furthermore, an attempted counterfeit
may become more visible as a counterfeiter may have to attempt to replace the reinforcement
layer when covering the abraded area in order to hide the counterfeit.
[0009] The term "harder than" refers to the hardness of the reinforcement layer and plastic
substrate. Hardness is the measure of a materials resistance to deformation by surface
indentation or by abrasion. Hardness can be measured using any of the well-known tests,
such as on the Rockwell scale (e.g. ASTM Standard E 18, ISO 6508-1 or ISO 2039-2),
the Brinell scale (e.g. ASTM Standard E 10 or ISO 6506-1), the Knoop scale and/or
the Vickers scale (e.g. ASTM Standard E92 and E 384 or ISO 6507-1). Therefore, the
term the material of the reinforcement layer may be harder than the material of the
plastic substrate by virtue of being harder when measured on the Rockwell, Brinell,
Knoop and/or Vickers scale(s).
[0010] The security sheet may comprise a plurality of reinforcement layers. The reinforcement
layer preferably has a higher softening point than the plastic substrate. In a preferred
embodiment the reinforcement layer comprises a mesh. The mesh may comprise a plurality
of apertures.
[0011] The present invention further provides a plurality of security documents, each security
document comprising the aforementioned security sheet, each security document comprising
different personal data.
[0012] The present invention further provides a method of manufacturing a security sheet
comprising the steps of: feeding, into a laminator, a plurality of plastic layers
and a reinforcement layer located between two of the plurality of plastic layers;
and applying heat and pressure to the plurality of plastic layers in the laminator
to form a plastic substrate, wherein the reinforcement layer is formed from a material
which is different from and harder than that from which the plastic substrate is formed;
and wherein the reinforcement layer is permeable such that, during the applying step,
the plastic of the plurality of plastic layers flows through the reinforcement layer
such that the plastic substrate is fused through the reinforcement layer.
[0013] By way of example only, embodiments of a security document, a security sheet and
methods of manufacture in accordance with the present invention are now described
with reference to, and as shown in, the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of a passport, in an open configuration, comprising a security
sheet according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional side elevation of the security sheet of Figure 1 through
section A-A;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional side elevation of the security sheet of Figure 1 through
section B-B;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a partially cutaway portion of the security sheet
of Figure 1 illustrating a reinforcement layer embedded within it;
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional side elevation of an apparatus for use in a method of
manufacturing the security sheet of the passport of Figure 1; and
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional side elevation of a plurality of plastic layers prior
to being laminated into a plastic substrate by the apparatus of Figure 5.
[0014] Figures 1 to 4 illustrate a security document 10 comprising a security sheet 11,
in this case a data page, attached along a fold line 12 by a hinge or stitch arrangement
to a plurality of visa pages 13 and a cover (not shown). The plurality of visa pages
13 are typically made from a fibrous substrate 14, such as paper, and may include
a number of security features, such as security fibres and watermarks.
[0015] The security sheet 11 comprises a plastic substrate 15 formed from a plurality of
layers which are fused together into a substantially non-laminar or unitary structure.
The plastic from which the plastic substrate 15 is formed may be a thermoplastic polymer
such as polycarbonate, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride.
Polycarbonate is particularly suitable due to its high durability, its ease of manufacture
and the ease with which security features can be incorporated within it. The plastic
substrate 15 has a first outer surface 16 and a second outer surface 17. Each of the
first and second outer surfaces 16, 17 is preferably substantially flat and planar.
[0016] The security sheet 11 may be substantially rigid or at least semi-rigid, this preferably
being a result of the thickness of the plastic substrate 15. The thickness of the
plastic substrate 15, which is the distance between the first and second outer surfaces
16, 17, is preferably at least approximately 150 µm and more preferably at least approximately
300 µm. In particular, the plastic substrate 15 may be between approximately 300 µm
and 1000 µm thick and, for example, may be approximately 300 µm thick or approximately
800 µm thick.
[0017] The plastic substrate 15 preferably comprises a substantially opaque region 18 within
its thickness and separated from the first and second outer surfaces 16, 17 by first
and second substantially transparent regions 19, 20. As illustrated in Figure 3, the
opaque region 18 may at least partially border at least one third substantially transparent
region 21. The first, second and third transparent regions 19, 20, 21 form at least
one window 22 through the plastic substrate 15. In the illustrated embodiment a single,
square window 22 extends through the thickness of the plastic substrate 15. The window
22 may, alternatively, be of another shape, such as a pattern, indicia, symbol, logo
or the like. The window 22 is substantially transparent such that light can pass through
it and objects can be seen through it. The window 22 may be clear or coloured.
[0018] The security sheet 11 further comprises at least one security element 23 located
in and/or on the plastic substrate 15. The at least one security element 23 may, for
example, comprise laser markings, printed ink, holograms, UV responsive features,
optically variable features, windowed or transparent features, antenna, electronic
chips, laser-perforations and the like. The at least one security element 23 may be
visible when viewed in reflected light by virtue of being located in the first, second
and/or third transparent region 19, 20, 21. Alternatively the at least one security
element 23 may be covert and located in the opaque region 18 such that it is not visible
when viewed in reflected light.
[0019] A plurality of security elements 23 may form personal data 24 identifying the holder
of the security document 10. As illustrated in Figure 2, the personal data 24 is preferably
located within the plastic substrate 15 and is separated from the first and/or second
outer surface 16, 17. The personal data 24 is preferably located in the first transparent
region 19 between the opaque region 18 and the first outer surface 16 and preferably
comprises laser marking or printed ink.
[0021] The security sheet 11 further comprises a reinforcement layer 28, such as a sheet,
embedded within the plastic substrate 15. The reinforcement layer 28 is located within
the opaque region 18 such that it is not visible when viewed in reflected light incident
upon the first or second outer surfaces 16, 17. As a result, the reinforcement layer
28 is separated from the first outer surface 16 and the plurality of security elements
23 forming the personal data 24 is located between the reinforcement layer 28 and
first outer surface 16.
[0022] The reinforcement layer 28 is selected and positioned to increase the difficulty
for a counterfeiter to reach the personal data 24 by abrading through the plastic
substrate 15 from the second outer surface 17. In particular, the material of the
reinforcement layer 28 is such that it is substantially harder, and thereby more resistant
to abrasion, than the plastic substrate 15.
[0023] The reinforcement layer 28 also provides a distinct boundary from the plastic substrate
15 to improve the resistance to abrasion. Therefore, the reinforcement layer 28 comprises
a different material to the plastic substrate 15 and is preferably not plastic. The
reinforcement layer 28 preferably comprises a hard and abrasion resistant material,
such as a metal. Suitable materials include at least one of bronze, phosphor bronze,
aluminium bronze, aluminium copper, copper alloys, steel, stainless steel, PVC coated
steel and tin. Alternatively, the reinforcement layer 28 may comprise fibre reinforced
polymers, which may be reinforced with fibres including, for example, at least one
of glass, carbon, aramid and basalt.
[0024] The reinforcement layer 28 may be substantially permeable or porous such that, during
manufacture, plastic substrate 15 can flow and be fused together through the reinforcement
layer 28. As a result, the reinforcement layer 28 is fully embedded and integrated
within the plastic substrate 15 such that it does not form a fully laminar structure.
The plastic substrate 15 is thereby more resistant to delamination. In particular,
the reinforcement layer 28 may comprise a plurality of apertures extending through
it.
[0025] As illustrated in Figure 4, the reinforcement layer 28 therefore preferably comprises
a mesh 29. The mesh 29 comprises a plurality of apertures, each aperture having an
area of from approximately 0.1 mm
2 to approximately 10 mm
2 and more preferably to approximately 5 mm
2. The mesh 29 may have a thickness in the range of from approximately 30 µm to approximately
300 µm. The mesh 29 may be a wire mesh and woven or non-woven, depending upon the
materials used. The mesh 29 may comprise a perforated sheet or woven wired mesh, formed
of metal or plastic, having apertures of any suitable shape, such as round, square,
rectangular, slotted, hexagonal or the like. The mesh 29 may alternatively comprise
expanded metal, which may be flattened or the like. The mesh 29 may alternatively
comprise extruded plastic or moulded plastic.
[0026] In the illustrated embodiment the reinforcement layer 28 does not extend into the
window 22 such that its presence is not immediately visible to a counterfeiter. For
example, the mesh 29 may comprise an aperture within it which is aligned with the
rest of the window 22 during manufacture. However, in other embodiments no window
22 may be present, the reinforcement layer 28 may not extend to the window 22 or the
reinforcement layer 28 may be visible in the window 22.
[0027] The reinforcement layer 28 also extends to all edges 30 of the security sheet 11,
but in other embodiments it may be separated from at least one of or all of the edges
30. For example, the reinforcement layer 28 may extend only underneath some or all
of the personal data 24. Alternatively, the security sheet 11 may comprise a plurality
of reinforcement layer 28, each located under one or more items of personal data 24.
The plurality of reinforcement layers 28 may thereby provide localised reinforcement
and abrasion resistance.
[0028] In order to counterfeit such a security document 10 a counterfeiter would attempt
to abrade the plastic substrate 15 between the second outer surface 17 and the personal
data 14. However, in doing so they would need to abrade through the reinforcement
layer 28 and, given its hardness, this would take a considerable amount of time. Furthermore,
abrading the reinforcement layer 28 may require complex and/or heavy duty tools that
make it more likely for a mistake by the counterfeiter to irreparably damage the rest
of the plastic substrate 15 such that it must be discarded. If the counterfeiter does
reach the personal data 14 and counterfeit it, the counterfeiter may also need to
replace the reinforcement layer 28, which may be difficult to achieve (particularly
if it is a mesh 29).
[0029] The security sheet 11 and visa pages 13 are usually formed separately before being
attached along the fold line 12. The security sheet 11 is generally manufactured by
forming an insert 42, forming a plurality of plastic layers 32 (shown in Figure 5)
including the insert 42 and reinforcement layer 28 therein and laminating the plurality
of plastic layers 32 together in a laminator 33 (shown in Figure 6) to form the plastic
substrate 20.
[0030] Figure 5 illustrates a suitable structure for the plurality of plastic layers 32
prior to entering the laminator 33 and after being positioned to overlie one another.
The plurality of plastic layers 32 comprises first and second opaque layers 34, 35,
which are typically white and/or opaque, and an inlay 36 therebetween. Substantially
transparent first and second overlays 37, 38 are located at the outer most sides of
the plurality of plastic layers 32 and form the first and second outer surfaces 16,
17 of the plastic substrate 15. First and second intermediate layers 39, 40 for holding
at least one security element 23 may be located between the first opaque layer 34
and the first overlay 37. In particular, the first intermediate layer 39 may be substantially
opaque and located adjacent to the first opaque layer 34. The second intermediate
layer 40 is located between the first overlay 37 and the first intermediate layer
39 and is substantially transparent. In other embodiments any suitable number of intermediate
layers 39, 40, on either side of the first and second opaque layers 34, 35, may be
used in order to provide different security features.
[0031] The at least one security element 23 may be applied to a surface of one of the plurality
of plastic layers 32 (preferably the first opaque layer 34 or one of the first and
second intermediate layers 39, 40) prior to entering the laminator 33 and before being
positioned to overlie one another. In particular, if the at least one security element
23 comprises printed ink, it may be applied by inkjet printing, dye sublimation, dye
diffusion thermal transfer (D2T2) processes and the like. As a result, the printed
ink forming the at least one security element 23 is embedded in the final plastic
substrate 15.
[0032] A strip of substantially transparent plastic may initially be cut by a punching tool
to form a plurality of inserts 42 before or during the arrangement of the plurality
of plastic layers 32. The shape of the perimeter of each insert 42 forms the shape
of the perimeter of each window 22. Each insert 42 is located in an aperture 43 through
the first and second opaque layers 34, 35, the inlay 36 and the first intermediate
layer 39. The opposing outer surfaces of each insert 42 are overlaid by the second
overlay 38 and second intermediate layer 40. Alternatively, each aperture 43 may be
formed in, and each insert 42 located in, only one or two of the first opaque layer
34, the second opaque layer 35, the inlay 36 and/or the first intermediate layer 39.
Preferably the aperture 43 and insert 42 are formed and brought together in line,
as is disclosed in
WO-A-2015/104011. In particular, a single punch tool may be operated to form an aperture 43, cut or
punch an insert 42 from the strip and place the insert 42 into the correspondingly
shaped aperture 43.
[0033] Each of the plurality of plastic layers 32 may be between approximately 0.05 mm thick
and approximately 3 mm thick and is comprised of the plastic forming the plastic substrate
15, such as polycarbonate, although they may be formed of different plastics provided
that they are able to fuse together. Each insert 42 may have a thickness of between
approximately 0.1 mm and approximately 0.4 mm and may be the same plastic from which
the plurality of plastic layers 32 are formed, such as polycarbonate or the like.
[0034] As illustrated in Figure 5 the reinforcement layer 28 may be located between the
inlay 36 and first opaque layer 34 and may define an aperture through which the insert
42 can be located. Alternatively, reinforcement layer 28 may be located between any
of the plurality of plastic layers 32 and may at least partially overlie the insert
42.
[0035] Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment of a laminator 33 suitable for manufacturing the
security sheet 11 from the plurality of plastic layers 32. The laminator 33 is similar
to the devices disclosed in
US-B-6669813 and
US-A-2011/0226408. A plurality of feeders 31 for feeding the plurality of plastic layers 32 laid over
one another into the laminator 33. The laminator 33 fuses the plurality of plastic
layers 32 together by the application of heat and pressure to form the plastic substrate
11.
[0036] The laminator 33 comprises first and second continuous belts 45, 46 which rotate
in opposite directions and comprise first and second support surfaces 47, 50 respectively.
At least one of the first and second continuous belts 45, 46 is intermittently driven
to draw the plurality of plastic layers 32 in a machine direction into a laminating
region 53 of the laminator 33 through a nip 58 between first and second inlet drums
48, 51. Initially a region of the plurality of plastic layers 32 is moved into between
opposing heating devices 54, 55. The heating devices 54, 55 move towards the first
and second support surfaces 47, 50 to heat and apply pressure to the region of plurality
of plastic layers 32 to form the plastic substrate 15. After a set period of time,
typically less than a minute, the heating devices 54, 55 move away from the first
and second support surfaces 47, 50 and the first and/or second continuous belt 45,
46 is driven to move the region to between opposing cooling devices 56, 57. The cooling
devices 56, 57 move towards the first and second support surfaces 47, 50 and cool
and apply pressure to the plastic substrate 15 in order to maintain its structure.
This heating, cooling and pressure application process is repeated along the plurality
of alternating heating and cooling devices 54, 55, 56, 57 until the fully formed plastic
substrate 15 exits the laminator 33.
[0037] The reinforcement layer 28 may be incorporated into the plurality of plastic layers
32 either before or during entry into the laminator 33. For example, the reinforcement
layer 28 may be positioned and/or adhered on one of the plurality of plastic layers
32. The reinforcement layer 28 may be fed in the machine direction into the plurality
of plastic layers 32 at the nip 58 as illustrated in Figure 6. However, the reinforcement
layer 28 may also be located in the plurality of plastic layers 32 by being fed across
the plane of the plurality of plastic layers 32 in a direction that is perpendicular
to the machine direction. This feed direction is particularly suitable where the reinforcement
layer 28 is only being provided in localised areas.
[0038] During the heating process each of the plurality of plastic layers 32 and insert
42 become at least softened or semi-molten (i.e. a liquid of relatively high viscosity)
so that the plastic flows and mixes together across the interfaces between them. The
first overlay 37 and second intermediate layer 40 form the first transparent region
19. The first and second opaque layers 34, 35, the inlay 36 and the first intermediate
layer 39 form the opaque region 18. The second overlay 38 forms the second transparent
region 20. The insert 42 forms the third transparent regions 21 and window 22.
[0039] In order to achieve such fusing the heating devices 54, 55 may be suitably controlled
to raise the temperature and pressure applied to the plurality of plastic layers 32
to reach the softening point of the plastic. A temperature at which deformation and
therefore fusion is possible at a certain pressure can be ascertained using the Vicat
softening point test using the ASTM D 1525 and ISO 306 standards. The Vicat softening
point may be the temperature at which a specimen is penetrated to a depth of 1 mm
by a flat-ended needle with a 1 mm
2 circular or square cross-section. In a particular example, the Vicat softening point
for polycarbonate can be determined using a heating rate of 50°C/hr and a load of
50N. In a further example for polycarbonate, the heating devices 54, 55 may apply
a temperature of approximately 180 °C at approximately 8 MPa to the plurality of plastic
layers 32 and the cooling devices 56, 57 may apply a temperature of approximately
20 °C to 30 °C and a pressure of 10 MPa to the plurality of plastic layers 32. In
yet a further example for polycarbonate, the heating devices 54, 55 may apply a temperature
of approximately 180 °C at approximately 1.6 N/mm
2 to the plurality of plastic layers 32 and the cooling devices 56, 57 may apply a
temperature of approximately 20 °C to 30 °C at a pressure of 3.2 N/mm
2 to the plurality of plastic layers 32. This latter example is particularly appropriate
where the region of the plurality of plastic layers 32 between the heating or cooling
devices 54, 55, 56, 57 has a surface area of 130 mm by 190 mm.
[0040] During lamination, the plurality of plastic layers 32 and reinforcement layer 28
preferably remain unfused from one another with discrete interfaces between them.
This may be achieved by virtue of the material choices of the plurality of plastic
layers 32 and reinforcement layer 28 and by the control of heating in the laminator
33. For example, the reinforcement layer 28 may have a higher softening point than
that of the plurality of plastic layers 32 and resulting plastic substrate 15. Therefore,
the laminator 33 is controlled such that during lamination the softening point of
the reinforcement layer 28 is not reached and it remains a solid whilst the plastic
of the plurality of plastic layers 32 flows.
[0041] The plastic of the plurality of plastic layers 32 may flow through the reinforcement
layer 28 by virtue of its porosity and thereby solidify and fuse within the reinforcement
layer 28. This is particularly the case where the reinforcement layer 28 comprises
a mesh 28 as the plastic forms in the apertures of the mesh 29. The reinforcement
layer 28 therefore forms an integral part of the security sheet 11, as it cannot be
delaminated from the plastic substrate 15, but forms a distinct reinforcing structure.
[0042] After the plastic substrate 20 has exited the laminator 33 it may be subjected to
further processing, such as by being cut into a plurality of security sheets 11. Each
of the plurality of security sheets 11 is bound along the fold line 12, for example
by stitching, with the visa pages 13 and cover to form the passport or other security
document 10.
[0043] The at least one security element 23 may subsequently be applied to the security
sheet 11. In particular, the personal data 24 relating to the holder of the security
document 10 may be applied by laser marking within the plastic substrate 15. The at
least one security element 23 may also or alternatively be applied to the first and/or
second outer surface 16, 17.
[0044] Various alternatives to those described above also fall within the scope of the present
invention. The security document 10 may be of any suitable type having the security
sheet 11, including cards, such as identity cards, driving licences and the like,
and booklets, such as passports, passbooks, identification documents, certificates,
licences, cheque books and the like.
[0045] Graphical information, colours and/or patterns may be printed on the outer surfaces
of the any of the plurality of plastic layers 32 prior to lamination and particularly
on the first and second opaque layers 34, 35. Electronic chips and antenna or the
like may also be located within plurality of plastic layers 32, particularly the inlay
36 or first and second opaque layers 34, 35.
[0046] In the embodiment of Figures 1 to 4 the at least one security element 23, in the
form of the personal data 24, is applied at a predetermined depth within the plastic
substrate 15. The predetermined depth may not correspond to the thicknesses of each
of the plurality of plastic layers 32, such that the at least one security element
23 is located at a depth that corresponds to a position within the thickness of one
of the plurality of plastic layers 32. However, at least one security element 23 may
also be added during manufacture to the surfaces of the plurality of plastic layers
32, for example by printing or the like. For example, fixed data (e.g. "Name", "Nationality"
and "Date of Birth" in Figure 1) may be applied in this manner. The variable data
(e.g. "A B C Smith, "British" and "10/02/1980) may be applied by an issuing authority
after the formation of the security sheet 11 via laser marking or the like.
1. A security sheet (11) for displaying personal data (24) comprising a plastic substrate
(15) and a reinforcement layer (28) embedded within the plastic substrate (15), the
reinforcement layer (28) characterised by being formed from a material which is different from and harder than that from which
the plastic substrate (15) is formed, and in that the reinforcement layer (28) is
permeable such that plastic substrate (15) is fused through the reinforcement layer
(28).
2. A security sheet (11) as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reinforcement layer (28) is
formed from a non-plastic material.
3. A security sheet (11) as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the plastic substrate
(15) comprises first and second outer surfaces (16, 17) and the reinforcement layer
(28) is separated from at least the first outer surface (16).
4. A security sheet (11) as claimed in claim 3 wherein at least one security element
(23) is located between the reinforcement layer (28) and the first outer surface (16).
5. A security sheet (11) as claimed in claim 4 wherein the at least one security element
(23) comprises laser marking and/or print.
6. A security sheet (11) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the reinforcement
layer (28) comprises a mesh (29).
7. A security sheet (11) as claimed in claim 6 wherein the mesh (29) comprises a plurality
of apertures, each aperture having an area of from approximately 0.1 mm2 to approximately 10 mm2.
8. A security sheet (11) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein:
the reinforcement layer (28) comprises a metal, plastic and/or fibre reinforced polymer;
and/or
the security sheet (11) comprises a plurality of edges (30) and the reinforcement
layer (28) extends to at least one of the edges (30) or is separated from all of the
edges (30).
9. A security sheet (11) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the reinforcement
layer (28) extends across at least one localised region.
10. A security sheet (11) as claimed in claim 9 wherein the at least one localised region
is located beneath some or all of the personal data (24).
11. A security sheet (11) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the reinforcement
layer (28) extends across the entire security sheet (11).
12. A security sheet (11) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein:
the reinforcement layer (28) has a higher softening point than the plastic substrate
(15); and/or
the security sheet (11) comprises a plurality of reinforcement layers (28).
13. A plurality of security documents (10), each security document (10) comprising the
security sheet (11) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein each security
document (10) comprises different personal data (24).
14. A method of manufacturing the security sheet (11) of claim 1 comprising the steps
of:
feeding, into a laminator (33), a plurality of plastic layers (32) and a reinforcement
layer (28) located between two of the plurality of plastic layers (32); and
applying heat and pressure to the plurality of plastic layers (32) in the laminator
to form a plastic substrate (15),
wherein the reinforcement layer (28) is formed from a material which is different
from and harder than that from which the plastic substrate (15) is formed; and
wherein the reinforcement layer (28) is permeable such that, during the applying step,
the plastic of the plurality of plastic layers (32) flows through the reinforcement
layer (28) such that the plastic substrate (15) is fused through the reinforcement
layer (28).
15. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein:
the plurality of plastic layers (32) are fed into the laminator (33) in a machine
direction and the reinforcement layer (28) is fed into the plurality of plastic layers
(32) in the machine direction or perpendicular to the machine direction; and/or
the method further comprises cutting the plastic substrate (15) into a plurality of
security sheets (11) and applying at least one security element (23) within the plastic
substrate (15).
1. Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) zum Anzeigen persönlicher Daten (24), umfassend ein Kunststoffsubstrat
(15) und eine in das Kunststoffsubstrat (15) eingebettete Verstärkungslage (28), wobei
die Verstärkungslage (28) dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass sie aus einem Material gebildet ist, das verschieden ist von und härter ist als das
Material, aus dem das Kunststoffsubstrat (15) gebildet ist, und dass die Verstärkungslage
(28) durchlässig ist, derart dass das Kunststoffsubstrat (15) durch die Verstärkungslage
(28) hindurch verschmolzen ist.
2. Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Verstärkungslage (28) aus einem
nicht-plastischen Material gebildet ist.
3. Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Kunststoffsubstrat (15)
eine erste und eine zweite Außenfläche (16, 17) umfasst und die Verstärkungslage (28)
zumindest von der ersten Außenfläche (16) getrennt ist.
4. Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) nach Anspruch 3, wobei mindestens ein Sicherheitselement
(23) zwischen der Verstärkungslage (28) und der ersten äußeren Oberfläche (16) angeordnet
ist.
5. Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) nach Anspruch 4, wobei das mindestens eine Sicherheitselement
(23) eine Lasermarkierung und/oder einen Aufdruck umfasst.
6. Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Verstärkungslage
(28) ein Netz (29) umfasst.
7. Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) nach Anspruch 6, wobei das Netz (29) eine Vielzahl von
Öffnungen umfasst, wobei jede Öffnung eine Fläche von etwa 0,1 mm2 bis etwa 10 mm2 aufweist.
8. Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei: die Verstärkungslage
(28) ein metall-, kunststoff- und/oder faserverstärktes Polymer umfasst; und/oder
das Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) eine Vielzahl von Rändern (30) umfasst und die Verstärkungslage
(28) sich bis zu mindestens einem der Ränder (30) erstreckt oder von allen Rändern
(30) getrennt ist.
9. Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei sich die
Verstärkungslage (28) über mindestens einen lokalen Bereich erstreckt.
10. Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) nach Anspruch 9, wobei sich der mindestens eine lokale
Bereich unterhalb von einigen oder allen persönlichen Daten (24) befindet.
11. Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei sich die Verstärkungslage
(28) über das gesamte Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) erstreckt.
12. Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei: die Verstärkungslage
(28) einen höheren Erweichungspunkt als das Kunststoffsubstrat (15) aufweist; und/oder
das Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) eine Vielzahl von Verstärkungslagen (28) umfasst.
13. Eine Vielzahl von Sicherheitsdokumenten (10), wobei jedes Sicherheitsdokument (10)
das Sicherheitsfolienblatt (11) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche umfasst, wobei
jedes Sicherheitsdokument (10) verschiedene persönliche Daten (24) umfasst.
14. Verfahren zur Herstellung des Sicherheitsfolienblatts (11) nach Anspruch 1, das die
folgenden Schritte umfasst:
Einführen, in ein Laminiergerät (33), einer Vielzahl von Kunststofflagen (32) und
einer Verstärkungslage (28), die zwischen zwei aus der Vielzahl von Kunststofflagen
(32) angeordnet ist; und
Anwenden von Wärme und Druck auf die Vielzahl von Kunststofflagen (32) in dem Laminiergerät,
um ein Kunststoffsubstrat (15) zu bilden,
wobei die Verstärkungslage (28) aus einem Material gebildet ist, das verschieden ist
von und härter ist als dasjenige, aus dem das Kunststoffsubstrat (15) gebildet ist;
und wobei die Verstärkungslage (28) durchlässig ist, derart dass während des Aufbringschritts
der Kunststoff der Vielzahl von Kunststofflagen (32) durch die Verstärkungslage (28)
fließt, derart dass das Kunststoffsubstrat (15) durch die Verstärkungslage (28) verschmolzen
wird.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, wobei:
die Vielzahl von Kunststofflagen (32) in einer Maschinenrichtung in das Laminiergerät
(33) eingeführt wird und die Verstärkungslage (28) in der Maschinenrichtung oder senkrecht
zur Maschinenrichtung in die Vielzahl von Kunststoffschichten (32) eingeführt wird;
und/oder
das Verfahren ferner das Zuschneiden des Kunststoffsubstrats (15) zu einer Vielzahl
von Sicherheitsfolienblättern (11) und das Einlegen von mindestens einem Sicherheitselement
(23) in das Kunststoffsubstrat (15) umfasst.
1. Feuille de sécurité (11) pour afficher des données personnelles (24) comprenant un
substrat en plastique (15) et une couche de renforcement (28) intégrée dans le substrat
en plastique (15), la couche de renforcement (28) étant caractérisée en ce qu'elle est formée à partir d'un matériau qui est différent et plus dur que celui à partir
duquel le substrat en plastique (15) est formé, et en ce que la couche de renforcement (28) est perméable de telle sorte que le substrat en plastique
(15) est fusionné à travers la couche de renforcement (28).
2. Feuille de sécurité (11) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la couche de renforcement
(28) est formée à partir d'un matériau non plastique.
3. Feuille de sécurité (11) selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans laquelle
le substrat en plastique (15) comprend des première et seconde surfaces externes (16,
17) et la couche de renforcement (28) est séparée d'au moins la première surface externe
(16).
4. Feuille de sécurité (11) selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle au moins un élément
de sécurité (23) est situé entre la couche de renforcement (28) et la première surface
externe (16).
5. Feuille de sécurité (11) selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle le au moins un élément
de sécurité (23) comprend un marquage et/ou une impression au laser.
6. Feuille de sécurité (11) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans
laquelle la couche de renforcement (28) comprend une maille (29).
7. Feuille de sécurité (11) selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle la maille (29) comprend
une pluralité d'ouvertures, chaque ouverture ayant une aire d'approximativement 0,1
mm2 à approximativement 10 mm2.
8. Feuille de sécurité (11) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans
laquelle :
la couche de renforcement (28) comprend un polymère renforcé de métal, de plastique
et/ou de fibres ; et/ou
la feuille de sécurité (11) comprend une pluralité de bords (30) et la couche de renforcement
(28) s'étend jusqu'à au moins l'un des bords (30) ou est séparée de tous les bords
(30) .
9. Feuille de sécurité (11) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans
laquelle la couche de renforcement (28) s'étend à travers au moins une région localisée.
10. Feuille de sécurité (11) selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle la au moins une région
localisée est située sous certaines ou la totalité des données personnelles (24).
11. Feuille de sécurité (11) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans laquelle
la couche de renforcement (28) s'étend à travers toute la feuille de sécurité (11).
12. Feuille de sécurité (11) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans
laquelle :
la couche de renforcement (28) a un point de ramollissement plus élevé que le substrat
en plastique (15) ; et/ou
la feuille de sécurité (11) comprend une pluralité de couches de renfort (28).
13. Pluralité de documents de sécurité (10), chaque document de sécurité (10) comprenant
la feuille de sécurité (11) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
dans lequel chaque document de sécurité (10) comprend différentes données personnelles
(24).
14. Procédé de fabrication de la feuille de sécurité (11) selon la revendication 1, comprenant
les étapes consistant à :
introduire, dans une plastifieuse (33), une pluralité de couches de plastique (32)
et une couche de renforcement (28) situées entre deux de la pluralité de couches de
plastique (32) ; et
appliquer de la chaleur et une pression à la pluralité de couches de plastique (32)
dans la plastifieuse pour former un substrat en plastique (15),
dans lequel la couche de renforcement (28) est formée à partir d'un matériau qui est
différent et plus dur que celui à partir duquel le substrat en plastique (15) est
formé ; et
dans lequel la couche de renforcement (28) est perméable de telle sorte qu'au cours
de l'étape d'application, le plastique de la pluralité de couches de plastique (32)
s'écoule à travers la couche de renforcement (28) de telle sorte que le substrat en
plastique (15) est fusionné à travers la couche de renforcement (28).
15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, dans lequel :
la pluralité de couches de plastique (32) est introduite dans la plastifieuse (33)
dans un sens machine et la couche de renforcement (28) est alimentée dans la pluralité
de couches de plastique (32) dans le sens machine ou perpendiculairement au sens machine
; et/ou
le procédé comprend en outre la découpe du substrat en plastique (15) en une pluralité
de feuilles de sécurité (11) et l'application d'au moins un élément de sécurité (23)
à l'intérieur du substrat en plastique (15).