[0001] The present invention relates to a woven fabric. More particularly, the present invention
relates to a woven fabric that can be preferably used in shoes, work clothes, bags
and the like, and that is excellent in abrasion resistance and touch feeling.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Various kinds of fabrics have been proposed in which either one of a warp and a weft
is at least partially a monofilament, and a fiber crossing a fiber including the monofilament
is at least partially a multifilament. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a
mesh body including a polypropylene multifilament as, for example, a warp, and a core-sheath
composite polypropylene monofilament as a weft. The mesh body is obtained by melting
the core-sheath composite polypropylene monofilament with the sheath melting temperature
set at a temperature higher than the core melting temperature, weaving the warp and
weft, and heating the resultant to melt the polypropylene in the sheath section for
fixing the warp and the weft together.
[0003] Moreover, Patent Document 2 discloses an abrasion-resistant woven fabric for a skin
material that has a soft texture, including a polytrimethylene terephthalate multifilament
as a weft and a polytrimethylene terephthalate monofilament as a warp (Example 6 of
Patent Document 3).
[0004] In addition to the above, Patent Document 3 proposes, as a fabric improved in abrasion
resistance, a fabric including a core-sheath composite fiber. The core-sheath composite
fiber contains a polymer forming a core section and a polymer in a sheath section,
which has a melting point lower than that of the polymer in the core section, and
the sheath section is thermally fused to fix the fiber filaments together, so that
the fabric is suppressed in the occurrence of yarn slippage.
[0005] Patent Document 4 proposes a stretch fabric, in which one yarn of warp and weft yarns
is obtained from an inelastic yarn having a crimp ratio of 5 to 30% and at least a
portion of the other is obtained from an elastic yarn having a crimp ratio of 0 to
5%. Example 1 concerns a woven fabric having a warp density of 25 pieces/2.54cm and
a weft density of 47 pieces/2.54cm obtained from a monofilament weft yarn of 700 dtex
and a loosely twisted warp yarn of 200 T/m having a total fineness of 1670 dtex-288
filament.
PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS
PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION
[0007] Conventionally, in fabric products such as shoes, work clothes, and bags, fabrics
are layered, or processed fabrics having a coating of a synthetic rubber or the like,
or artificial leather coated with urethane or the like is used in cuffs, protrusions,
and corners that are frequently rubbed in order to resist repeated friction. Either
of the methods has problems that the resultant fabric product is thick and heavy,
low in air permeability, and poor in touch feeling, and that the cost increases due
to such processing. Therefore, a fabric that is excellent in abrasion resistance and
touch feeling, and also has lightweight properties and air permeability has been desired.
[0008] Since the woven fabric disclosed in Patent Document 1 is intended for construction
work, Patent Document 1 does not consider the touch feeling of the woven fabric, and
does not disclose any specific structure of a woven fabric good in touch feeling.
[0009] Moreover, although Patent Document 2 describes, about the woven fabric for a skin
material disclosed therein, physical properties of the polytrimethylene terephthalate
fiber and the elastic recovery of the woven fabric, the document is silent on any
simple evaluation index in the actual weaving. It is impossible to obtain a woven
fabric excellent in abrasion resistance and soft texture by carrying out the disclosure
of Patent Document 2 as it is.
[0010] In the fabric disclosed in Patent Document 3, although the yarn slippage is suppressed
due to the fused and fixed fiber filaments crossing each other and the fabric is improved
in abrasion resistance, the fabric is poor in touch feeling since the fused and solidified
fiber filament contacts another fiber filament that is rubbed thereon.
[0011] An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the
conventional techniques, and to provide a woven fabric that is excellent in abrasion
resistance against repeated sliding, good in touch feeling, and suitable for a fabric
product.
SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS
[0012] A first invention that is made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems is
a woven fabric including a warp and a weft,
at least one of the warp and the weft being at least partially a fiber (M) that is
a monofilament 1,
a fiber (N) crossing the fiber (M) being at least partially a multifilament 2,
the woven fabric satisfying either one of the following conditions (1) or (2) (the
first invention):
- (1) the monofilament 1 is fused to the multifilament 2, and a multifilament coverage
ratio a/L and a monofilament concealment ratio h/b satisfy both the formulae (A) and
(B):
or
- (2) the monofilament 1 is not fused to the multifilament 2, and the multifilament
coverage ratio a/L and the monofilament concealment ratio h/b satisfy both the formulae
(C) and (D) :
wherein a, b, L, and h each have the following meanings:
a: length of the multifilament 2 in a cross section thereof in a direction of woven
fabric surface;
b: length of the multifilament 2 in a cross section thereof in a direction of woven
fabric thickness;
L: center-to-center distance between filaments of the multifilament 2 adjacent across
the fiber (M); and
h: crimp height of the monofilament 1.
[0013] In a more preferable aspect, in the woven fabric according to the first invention,
the multifilament 2 has a cover factor of 800 or more and 1200 or less (a second invention).
[0014] In another preferable aspect, in the woven fabric according to either one of the
above-mentioned inventions, the multifilament 2 has a twist coefficient of 0 or more
and 10000 or less (a third invention).
[0015] In another preferable aspect, in the woven fabric according to any one of the above-mentioned
inventions, the monofilament 1 has a flexural rigidity of 1 cN or more and 6 cN or
less (a fourth invention).
[0016] In another preferable aspect, in the woven fabric according to any one of the above-mentioned
inventions, the monofilament 1 is a core-sheath composite yarn in which a sheath component
has a melting point that is at least 10°C lower than that of a core component (a fifth
invention).
[0017] In another preferable aspect, the woven fabric according to any one of the above-mentioned
inventions shows, in the abrasion test according to JIS L1096 (2010) 8.19.3, method
C, a weight reduction after 4000 times less than 0.5 g, and no hole (a sixth invention).
[0018] In another preferable aspect, the woven fabric according to any one of the above-mentioned
inventions has a mean friction coefficient MIU as a KES surface friction property
value of 0.10 to 0.42, and a deviation of mean friction coefficient MMD of 0.01 to
0.07 (a seventh invention).
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0019] According to the first invention, it is possible to achieve a state in which the
monofilament having an advantage of ensuring the abrasion resistance and the multifilament
having an advantage of ensuring the touch feeling are suitably arranged, and a woven
fabric excellent in abrasion resistance and touch feeling is provided. Further, the
monofilament and the multifilament of the present invention are fused together to
satisfy the above-mentioned condition (1), or are not fused together to satisfy the
above-mentioned condition (2), so that the yarn slippage of the woven fabric is effectively
suppressed, and the woven fabric is further improved in abrasion resistance. It is
also possible to provide a woven fabric in which proper arrangement of the warp and
weft is hardly disturbed, and which maintains a good touch feeling.
[0020] According to the second invention, a cover factor of the multifilament within the
specific range gives an appropriate binding force between the warp and the weft, and
maintains the crimp shape of the multifilament well. As a result, a woven fabric that
is excellent in lightweight properties and durability, and is also good in touch feeling
and air permeability is provided.
[0021] According to the third invention, a twist coefficient of the multifilament within
the specific range easily gives a flat sectional shape of the multifilament, and ensures
a large contact area with the monofilament. As a result, a large number of single
yarns are in contact with the monofilament. Since the force applied to one single
yarn is distributed, the single yarn breakage hardly occurs, and a woven fabric more
excellent in abrasion resistance and good in touch feeling is provided.
[0022] According to the fourth invention, a flexural rigidity of the monofilament within
the specific range can suppress the occurrence of yarn slippage due to a low flexural
rigidity of the monofilament. At the same time, it is possible to prevent yarn slippage
due to insufficient yarn binding force, which is caused by the deterioration of crimp
shape maintaining performance due to an excessively high flexural rigidity, and to
prevent the deterioration of abrasion resistance due to a low monofilament concealment
ratio h/b.
[0023] According to the fifth invention, it is possible to easily provide a woven fabric
excellent in abrasion resistance and touch feeling without the use of a fusing agent
for fusing the warp and the weft together.
[0024] According to the sixth invention, it is possible to provide a woven fabric excellent
in durability against friction in fabric products such as shoes, work clothes, and
bags.
[0025] According to the seventh invention, it is possible to provide a woven fabric having
a smooth surface and good in touch feeling in fabric products such as shoes, work
clothes, and bags.
[0026] As described above, since the woven fabric of the present invention is excellent
in abrasion resistance and good in touch feeling, the woven fabric can be suitably
used alone in fabric products to be worn, such as shoes, work clothes, and bags, and
personal fabric products. Moreover, the application of the woven fabric is not limited
to the above, and the woven fabric can be used in various fabric products for which
abrasion resistance and soft tactile sensation are required, such as a skin material
for a vehicle seat.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027]
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a woven fabric that gives an outline
of measurement sites for obtaining a multifilament coverage ratio and a monofilament
concealment ratio.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating the definitions of the
length a of the multifilament in a cross section thereof in a direction of woven fabric
surface, and the length b of the multifilament in a cross section thereof in a direction
of woven fabric thickness, in the case where the woven fabric has a plain weave structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating the definitions of the
length a of the multifilament in a cross section thereof in a direction of woven fabric
surface, and the length b of the multifilament in a cross section thereof in a direction
of woven fabric thickness, in the case where the woven fabric has a 2/2 twill woven
fabric structure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating the definitions of the
center-to-center distance L between adjacent filaments of the multifilament, and the
crimp height h of the monofilament, in the case where the woven fabric has a plain
weave structure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating the definitions of the
center-to-center distance L between adjacent filaments of the multifilament, and the
crimp height h of the monofilament, in the case where the woven fabric has a 2/2 twill
woven fabric structure.
EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0028] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0029] The woven fabric of the present invention is a woven fabric including a warp and
a weft, at least one of the warp and the weft being at least partially a fiber (M)
that is a monofilament 1, a fiber (N) crossing the fiber (M) being at least partially
a multifilament 2, the woven fabric satisfying either one of the following conditions
(1) or (2):
- (1) the monofilament 1 is fused to the multifilament 2, and a multifilament coverage
ratio a/L and a monofilament concealment ratio h/b satisfy both the formulae (A) and
(B):
or
- (2) the monofilament 1 is not fused to the multifilament 2, and the multifilament
coverage ratio a/L and the monofilament concealment ratio h/b satisfy both the formulae
(C) and (D) :
wherein a, b, L, and h each have the following meanings:
a: length of the multifilament 2 in a cross section thereof in a direction of woven
fabric surface;
b: length of the multifilament 2 in a cross section thereof in a direction of woven
fabric thickness;
L: center-to-center distance between filaments of the multifilament adjacent across
the fiber (M); and
h: crimp height of the monofilament.
[0030] Detailed definitions of a, b, L, and h are as follows. In the following, the description
will be made with reference to Figs. 1 to 5. Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional
view of a woven fabric that gives an outline of measurement sites for obtaining a
multifilament coverage ratio and a monofilament concealment ratio. Fig. 1 shows a
cut surface of the woven fabric that is obtained by cutting a multifilament 2, which
crosses a fiber including a monofilament 1 included in a warp or a weft of the woven
fabric, in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fiber including
the monofilament 1.
[0031] Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating the definitions of the
length a of the multifilament 2 in a cross section thereof in a direction of woven
fabric surface, and the length b of the multifilament 2 in a cross section thereof
in a direction of woven fabric thickness, in the case where the woven fabric has a
plain weave structure. The woven fabric is cut in the same direction as in Fig. 1.
[0032] Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating the definitions of the
length a of the multifilament 2 in a cross section thereof in a direction of woven
fabric surface, and the length b of the multifilament 2 in a cross section thereof
in a direction of woven fabric thickness, in the case where the woven fabric has a
2/2 twill woven fabric structure. The woven fabric is cut in the same direction as
in Fig. 1 although the weave structure is different.
[0033] Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating the definitions of the
center-to-center distance L between adjacent filaments of the multifilament, and the
crimp height h of the monofilament 1, in the case where the woven fabric has a plain
weave structure. The woven fabric is cut in the same direction as in Fig. 1.
[0034] Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating the definitions of the
center-to-center distance L between adjacent filaments of the multifilament, and the
crimp height h of the monofilament, in the case where the woven fabric has a 2/2 twill
woven fabric structure. The woven fabric is cut in the same direction as in Fig. 3.
[0035] First, the lengths a and b will be described.
[0036] See Figs. 2 and 3. A rectangle is simulated, which surrounds a cross section of one
filament of the multifilament 2, two parallel sides of which are in contact with the
cross section of the filament of the multifilament 2, and the other two parallel sides
of which lie in the thickness direction of the multifilament 2 and a direction perpendicular
thereto (that is, the direction of the woven fabric surface) . The length of the side
along the direction of the woven fabric surface is defined as the length a of the
multifilament 2 in a cross section thereof in the direction of the woven fabric surface,
and the length of the side along the direction perpendicular to the direction of the
woven fabric surface is defined as the length b of the multifilament 2 in a cross
section thereof in the direction of woven fabric thickness.
[0037] Then, L will be described.
[0038] See Figs. 4 and 5. In one filament of the monofilament 1 in contact with the multifilament
in the thickness direction, a distance between two adjacent crimp apexes C1 and C2
is defined as 2*L, and a length of half of 2*L is defined as the center-to-center
distance L between adjacent filaments of the multifilament.
[0039] Finally, h will be described.
[0040] See Figs. 4 and 5. A rectangle is formed with an upper side that is the line of the
distance 2L between the adjacent crimp apexes C1 and C2 of one filament of the monofilament,
and a line that is parallel to the upper side and is in contact with the bottom B
of a multifilament (a point at which the multifilament is in contact with the monofilament
in the direction of the woven fabric thickness). The height of the rectangle (the
length of the side of the rectangle close to the thickness direction) is defined as
the crimp height h of the monofilament.
[0041] As described above, the woven fabric of the present invention includes a warp and
a weft, at least one of the warp and the weft is at least partially a fiber (M) including
a monofilament 1, and a fiber (N) crossing the fiber (M) at least partially includes
a multifilament 2. In particular, it is preferable that a fiber of either one of the
warp and the weft be substantially a monofilament, and a fiber crossing the above-mentioned
fiber be substantially a multifilament. The wording "substantially" means that a small
amount of other fibers may be used in combination for design and other reasons. For
example, up to 20% by mass, or up to 10% by mass of other fibers may be used in combination.
That is, it is preferable that the fiber (M) include 80% by mass or more, more preferably
90% by mass or more of the monofilament 1. Further, it is preferable that the fiber
(N) include 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more of the multifilament
2.
[0042] A multifilament is a bundle made of a plurality of fiber filaments. Since a multifilament
has a single yarn diameter that is smaller than the total fineness, a multifilament
exposed to the woven fabric surface can give a soft tactile sensation when being brought
into contact with the skin. The single yarn of the multifilament, however, is easily
broken due to abrasion. On the other hand, a monofilament is made of a single fiber
filament, has a large single yarn diameter, and is hardly deformed in the fiber diameter
even when crushed. Therefore, a monofilament exposed to the woven fabric surface tends
to give a hard and rough texture of the surface when touched, but is hardly broken
due to abrasion. The present invention provides a woven fabric having both abrasion
resistance against repeated friction and a soft touch feeling by the use of fibers
having these contradictory properties, adoption of the parameters of the monofilament
concealment ratio and the multifilament coverage ratio, and optimization of both the
parameters.
[0043] In the woven fabric of the present invention, when the multifilament coverage ratio
a/L is 1.0 or more and 1.5 or less and the monofilament is fused to the multifilament,
the monofilament concealment ratio h/b is 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less.
[0044] The multifilament coverage ratio a/L represents the ratio of exposure between the
multifilament and the monofilament on the woven fabric surface. Since a monofilament
has a large single yarn diameter, and is hardly deformed in the fiber diameter when
being brought into contact with the skin, a monofilament tends to give a hard and
rough texture of the surface when touched. When a/L is within the above-mentioned
range, the surface of the woven fabric is covered with the multifilament 2 having
a small single yarn diameter and a soft tactile sensation, the area of the exposed
monofilament 1 is reduced, and a soft touch feeling can be obtained. If a/L is less
than 1.0, the monofilament 1 contacts the skin too strongly, so that the woven fabric
tends to be poor in touch feeling. On the other hand, if a/L is more than 1.5, the
abraded surface cannot be supported by the crimp-shaped apex portions of the monofilament
1, and many single yarns of the multifilament 2 are abraded, so that the woven fabric
tends to be poor in abrasion resistance. a/L is preferably from 1.2 to 1.4.
[0045] The monofilament concealment ratio h/b represents the ratio of exposure height between
the multifilament 2 and the monofilament 1 in the direction of woven fabric thickness.
Since the multifilament 2 has a small single yarn diameter and is easily broken due
to abrasion, if b is too much larger than h, the woven fabric tends to be poor in
abrasion resistance. When h/b is within the above-mentioned range, the abraded surface
is supported by the crimp-shaped apex portions of the tough monofilament 1, the multifilament
2 is concealed in the valleys of the monofilament 1, and the multifilament 2 is protected
from the abrasion. As a result, the woven fabric is excellent in abrasion resistance.
When a surface of a woven fabric is rubbed, the diameter of the fiber bundle shape
of the multifilament 2 is crushed to a certain extent by the load of rubbing. Therefore,
when h/b is within the above-mentioned range, even if b is larger than h, it is possible
to impart sufficient abrasion resistance and a soft touch feeling to the woven fabric.
When the monofilament 1 is fused to the multifilament 2, if h/b is less than 0.5,
the abraded surface cannot be supported by the crimp-shaped apex portions of the monofilament,
and many single yarns of the multifilament 2 are abraded, so that the woven fabric
tends to be poor in abrasion resistance. On the other hand, if h/b exceeds 1.0, the
monofilament 1 contacts the skin too strongly, so that the woven fabric is poor in
touch feeling. Therefore, when the monofilament 1 is fused to the multifilament 2,
h/b is within the range of 0.5 to 1.0. h/b is preferably from 0.7 to 0.9.
[0046] The multifilament coverage ratio a/L and the monofilament concealment ratio h/b can
be adjusted within the specific ranges by adjusting the degree of crimping through
the adjustment and weaving of the filaments and thermal processing conditions after
the weaving. As for the filaments, the material, intrinsic viscosity, fineness, stretch
ratio, stretching temperature, relaxation ratio, relaxation temperature, cross-sectional
shape, weaving density, and flexural rigidity of the monofilament, and the material,
twist coefficient, fineness, weaving density, and flexural rigidity of the multifilament
are adjusted. In the weaving, the warp tension and weft tension are adjusted. In the
heat setting, the longitudinal shrinkage ratio and the transverse shrinkage ratio
are adjusted. In addition, when the monofilament 1 is not fused to the multifilament
2, the force of binding the multifilament 2 is weaker than in the case where the monofilament
1 is fused to the multifilament 2, and many single yarns of the multifilament 2 are
abraded during the rubbing. Thus, this case is disadvantageous in terms of abrasion
resistance. Therefore, in addition to the multifilament coverage ratio a/L of 1.0
or more and 1.5 or less, the monofilament concealment ratio h/b is adjusted to 0.7
or more and 1.0 or less to avoid too small a concealment ratio. The monofilament concealment
ratio is preferably from 0.8 to 0.9.
[0047] In the present invention, the warp or the weft including the multifilament preferably
has a cover factor of 800 or more and 1200 or less, more preferably 1000 or more and
1200 or less. Herein, the cover factor is a value calculated as follows.
[0048] If the cover factor of the multifilament is small, the binding force between the
warp and the weft is insufficient, yarn slippage occurs during the abrasion, and desired
durability is hardly obtained. On the other hand, if the cover factor of the multifilament
is too large, the crimp shape of the monofilament tends to be flat, and as a result,
desired durability is hardly obtained.
[0049] In the present invention, the material of the multifilament is not particularly limited,
and polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate,
polyamides, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, acrylic and the like
can be suitably used as a base polymer. In particular, polyethylene terephthalate
(PET) can be suitably used as a base polymer from the viewpoint of strength. If necessary,
the base polymer can be used after being modified, for example, in the form of a copolymer
with other components, or a composition containing other components. For example,
a cation-dyeable polyester capable of being dyed with a cationic dye, which is obtained
by introducing a sulfonic acid group into PET or the like, is suitable since it gives
a multifilament excellent in strength and coloring properties. A suitable commercial
product of such a cation-dyeable polyester yarn is, for example, LOCII manufactured
by TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.
[0050] The multifilament used in the present invention may include a twisted yarn, a false
twisted yarn, a Taslan textured yarn, or an air textured yarn as long as the object
of the present invention is not impaired. However, when a bulky multifilament including
a Taslan textured yarn or an air textured yarn is used, care must be taken because
the multifilament may be poor in abrasion resistance due to too large a length b of
the multifilament in a cross section thereof in the direction of woven fabric thickness.
Further, apart from the textured yarns, additives such as a flame retardant, an antistatic
agent, a weathering agent, a pigment, and a matting agent may be mixed as other materials.
A pre-dyed yarn that has been dyed in advance may also be used as the multifilament.
[0051] The single yarn fineness of the multifilament is desirably 1 dtex or more and 10
dtex or less, more desirably 2 dtex or more and 6 dtex or less. When the single yarn
fineness of the multifilament is 1 dtex or more, the required flexural rigidity is
easily ensured, and the crimp shape of one of the yarns is easily formed. When the
single yarn fineness of the multifilament is 10 dtex or less, the multifilament hardly
has a stiff touch feeling, and a soft texture is easily obtained.
[0052] The total fineness of the multifilament is desirably 100 dtex or more and 2000 dtex
or less, more desirably 150 dtex or more and 1700 dtex or less, still more desirably
300 dtex or more and 1000 dtex or less. When the total fineness of the multifilament
is 100 dtex or more, the required flexural rigidity is easily ensured. When the total
fineness of the multifilament is 2000 dtex or less, handling in woven fabric production
is easy.
[0053] A fiber yarn having a multifilament strength of 3.0 cN/dtex or more is preferably
used from the viewpoint of the strength of the woven fabric. The condition of strength
is preferably a high strength, and a fiber yarn having a strength within the range
of 5.0 cN/dtex or more and 15.0 cN/dtex or less is practically more preferable.
[0054] In the present invention, the multifilament preferably has a twist coefficient of
0 or more and 10000 or less and is in a weakly twisted state, more preferably has
a twist coefficient of 0 or more and 8500 or less. Herein, the twist coefficient is
obtained by the following formula.
[0055] A twist coefficient of the multifilament within the above-mentioned range gives a
multifilament having a flat cross-sectional shape. The multifilament has a large contact
area with the monofilament crossing the multifilament, and a large number of single
yarns are in contact with the monofilament. As a result, the force applied to the
single yarns of the multifilament is distributed, so that single yarn breakage hardly
occurs and the multifilament tends to be improved in abrasion resistance. In addition,
the multifilament coverage ratio a/L is large, and the woven fabric is good in touch
feeling. Conversely, if the twist coefficient of the multifilament is more than 10000,
the range of yarns that can come into contact with the monofilament is narrow, and
the number of single yarns that do not contact the monofilament is large, so that
yarn slippage easily occurs and the multifilament tends to be poor in abrasion resistance.
[0056] When a woven fabric shows a weight reduction less than 0.5 g and no hole in the abrasion
test, it is preferable because the woven fabric has desired durability, and a woven
fabric with long life can be provided to users. The weight reduction is more preferably
less than 0.4 g. If the weight reduction exceeds 0.5 g or a hole is generated in the
abrasion test, the targeted durability cannot be obtained. The abrasion test herein
is carried out according to JIS L1096 (2010) 8.19.3, method C (JIS Handbook 2013)
by 4000 times of abrasion with a Taber abrasion tester under conditions of a load
of 250 g, an abrasive wheel H-18, and a disc diameter of 100 mm.
[0057] The mean friction coefficient MIU as a KES surface friction property value represents
the slipperiness of the sample surface. The larger the value is, the less slippery
the surface is. The deviation of friction coefficient (MMD) represents the roughness
and irregular texture of the sample surface. The larger the value is, the rougher
the surface is. It is preferable that the woven fabric have a mean friction coefficient
MIU as a KES surface friction property value of 0.10 to 0.42, and a deviation of mean
friction coefficient MMD of 0.01 to 0.07. More preferably, the woven fabric has a
mean friction coefficient MIU of 0.20 to 0.40, and a deviation of mean friction coefficient
MMD of 0.02 to 0.065. Still more preferably, the woven fabric has a mean friction
coefficient MIU of 0.25 to 0.38, and a deviation of mean friction coefficient MMD
of 0.025 to 0.060.
[0058] In the present invention, the monofilament 1 preferably has a flexural rigidity of
1 cN or more and 6 cN or less. When the flexural rigidity of the monofilament 1 is
1 cN or more, the monofilament plays a role of a framework to prevent the occurrence
of yarn slippage during the rubbing, and the monofilament is good in abrasion resistance.
When the flexural rigidity is 6 cN or less, the monofilament is not too rigid and
easily forms a crimp shape, so that a sufficient binding force of the yarn is obtained
to prevent the occurrence of yarn slippage during the rubbing, or a high monofilament
concealment ratio b/h gives good abrasion resistance.
[0059] In the present invention, the material of the monofilament is not particularly limited,
and polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and
polypropylene terephthalate, polyolefins such as polyamides, polypropylene, and polyethylene,
polyphenylene sulfide, polyester elastomers, polysulfide elastomers, and polyurethane
elastomers can be suitably used as a base polymer. However, when a material having
a low flexural rigidity is used as a base polymer to form a monofilament, it is easy
to form a desired crimp shape even when a thinner multifilament is used, and thus,
a thinner and lighter woven fabric can be obtained. From such a viewpoint, an elastic
yarn made from an elastomer such as a polyester elastomer, a polysulfide elastomer,
or a polyurethane elastomer as a base polymer can be more suitably used, and an elastic
yarn made from a polyester elastomer as a base polymer can be still more suitably
used.
[0060] As the polyester elastomer, one having a hard segment and a soft segment in the molecular
structure is preferable. The hard segment preferably includes, as a main constituent
unit, an aromatic polyester unit mainly formed from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid
or an ester-forming derivative thereof and a diol or an ester-forming derivative thereof.
Meanwhile, the soft segment preferably includes, as a main constituent unit, an aliphatic
polyether unit and/or an aliphatic polyester unit and a diol.
[0061] In general, of filaments made from the same polymer, a filament having a lower fineness
tends to have a lower flexural rigidity, and a multifilament tends to have a lower
flexural rigidity than a monofilament does if they have the same total fineness. A
filament having a lower flexural rigidity tends to easily form crimps. In the present
invention, from the viewpoint of maintaining an appropriate balance of crimps between
the monofilament and the multifilament in a woven fabric to increase the binding force
of the yarn, and of controlling the balance of exposure between the multifilament
and the monofilament, the range of fineness of the monofilament is preferably 0.2
times or more and 1.5 times or less, more preferably 0.3 times or more and 1.0 time
or less, still more preferably 0.4 times or more and 0.8 times or less the total fineness
of the multifilament. When the fineness of the monofilament is 0.2 times or more the
total fineness of the multifilament, the multifilament is easily bent due to the rigidity
and tension of the monofilament. When the fineness of the monofilament is 1.5 times
or less the total fineness of the multifilament, the monofilament is easily bent due
to the rigidity and tension of the multifilament. As a result, crimps of both the
yarns are easily formed in an appropriate balance.
[0062] In an embodiment of the present invention, when the woven fabric is required to
have air permeability, the warp and the weft that constitute the woven fabric are
preferably fused together to the extent that the air permeability is not impaired.
When the warp and the weft are fused together, yarn slippage hardly occurs, and the
woven fabric is improved in abrasion resistance. However, fusing the surface layer
of the multifilament is not preferable because the soft touch feeling tends to be
impaired.
[0063] The monofilament 1 may be a composite yarn such as a core-sheath composite yarn,
or a non-composite yarn entirely made from a single material. In the case of fusing
either one of a warp and a weft that is a monofilament with a multifilament used in
at least a part of a warp or a weft other than the monofilament, it is preferable
that the monofilament be a core-sheath composite yarn. In this case, it is desirable
that the material that constitutes the sheath component of the monofilament have a
melting point that is at least 10°C lower than that of the material that constitutes
the core component of the monofilament. Usually, it is desirable that the entire sheath
section of the monofilament be fused to the other yarn. However, if the sheath component
of the monofilament has a melting point that is lower than the melting point of the
core component of the monofilament + 10°C, when the heat setting temperature exceeds
the melting point of the core component, the core component also melts during the
heat setting, and the strength or the fused portion may decrease. It is to be noted
that the monofilament that is the above-mentioned core-sheath composite yarn or a
non-composite yarn can also be used when the yarns are not fused together.
[0064] When the monofilament has a core-sheath structure, the materials of the core component
and the sheath component may be of the same kind or different from each other. However,
it is preferable that the core component and the sheath component contain the same
component, and it is more preferable that the core component and the sheath component
are made from the same component, from the viewpoint of enhancing the adhesion between
the core component and the sheath component. In particular, it is more preferable
that each of the core component and the sheath component be a copolymer composed of
a plurality of constituent components including common constituent components, and
that the core component and the sheath component be different in the melting point
due to different composition ratios or the like of the plurality of constituent components.
[0065] In particular, it is most preferable from the viewpoint of adhesion in the heat setting
and yarn strength to employ a core-sheath composite fiber having a core component
made from a polyester elastomer having a melting point of 190 to 250°C and a sheath
component made from a polyester elastomer having a melting point of 140 to 190°C.
[0066] The basis weight of the woven fabric of the present invention is desirably within
the range of 100 to 500 g/m
2, more desirably from 100 to 300 g/m
2, still more desirably from 100 to 200 g/m
2. When the basis weight is 100 g/m
2 or more, the required durability is easily obtained. On the other hand, when the
basis weight is 500 g/m
2 or less, the advantages of light weight are easily obtained.
[0067] The woven fabric of the present invention can be basically produced by an ordinary
method including, for example, 1) twisting of a multifilament, 2) weaving, and 3)
heat treatment.
[0068] Although an effect is produced even without the heat treatment, it is more desirable
to perform the heat treatment to fuse one of the yarns to the multifilament. When
the woven fabric of the present invention is produced using a monofilament having
a core-sheath structure in which the sheath section has a melting point that is at
least 10°C lower than that of the core section, it is preferable that the heat treatment
temperature be higher than the melting point of the sheath section and lower than
the melting point of the core section. The heat treatment can be performed at a temperature
of 150 to 220°C for 30 to 120 seconds, for example.
[0069] In an embodiment of the present invention, the woven fabric structure may be appropriately
selected according to the application from the structures such as a plain weave structure,
a twill weave structure, a satin weave structure, and a double weave structure combining
these structures. The plain weave structure is preferable since the warp and the weft
bind each other at many points, and the woven fabric hardly causes yarn slippage.
The plain weave structure is also good in handling properties such as prevention of
frays. Further, the weaving method and the loom to be used are not particularly limited
as long as the woven fabric of the present invention can be obtained, and may be appropriately
selected.
[0070] The weaving conditions for obtaining the woven fabric within the range defined in
the present invention depend on the properties of the used fibers. For example, when
focusing on the warp tension and the weft tension, it is difficult to limit the tensions
within specific ranges since they vary depending on the properties of the used fibers
and the combination thereof. However, these tensions act on the fibers mutually, have
an effect on the crimp shapes of the warp and the weft, and thereby change the multifilament
coverage ratio a/L and the monofilament concealment ratio h/b. When the warp tension
is low or the weft tension is high, the warp crimp tends to be small and the weft
crimp tends to be large. When the warp tension is high or the weft tension is low,
the warp crimp tends to be large and the weft crimp tends to be small.
[0071] Since the longitudinal shrinkage ratio and the transverse shrinkage ratio in the
heat setting also vary depending on the properties of the used fibers and the combination
thereof, it is difficult to limit the shrinkage ratios within specific ranges in order
to produce the woven fabric of the present invention. These shrinkage ratios act mutually,
have an effect on the crimp shapes of the warp and the weft, and thereby change the
multifilament coverage ratio a/L and the monofilament concealment ratio h/b. When
the longitudinal shrinkage ratio is high or the transverse shrinkage ratio is low,
the warp crimp tends to be small and the weft crimp tends to be large. Alternatively,
when the longitudinal shrinkage ratio is low or the transverse shrinkage ratio is
high, the warp crimp tends to be large and the weft crimp tends to be small.
[0072] Therefore, in selecting weaving conditions, the weaving conditions should be appropriately
adjusted so that the crimp shapes of the weaving yarns fall within the ranges defined
in the present invention in view of the properties of the used fibers and the combination
thereof.
[0073] The woven fabric of an embodiment of the present invention can be used in applications
such as skin materials for shoes, work clothes, fabrics for bags, members such as
vehicle seat members and skin materials for shoes, members for sports balls such as
balls of soccer and volleyball, adhesive tapes, base fabrics for nonwoven fabrics,
interior members, members for inner layers of vehicles and housing, and materials
for civil engineering.
EXAMPLES
[0074] In the following, the woven fabric of the present invention will be described with
reference to the examples. Methods for measuring properties described in the examples
are as follows.
1. Multifilament coverage ratio (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "coverage ratio")
[0075] From a woven fabric, a fiber (N) including a multifilament 2 crossing a fiber (M)
including a monofilament 1 was cut off in a direction parallel to the direction of
the fiber (M), and used as an observation sample. The sample was attached to a sample
stand in a non-tensioned state, and an enlarged photograph was taken with a scanning
electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 40. The length a (mm) of the multifilament
2 that crosses the monofilament 1 in a cross section thereof in a direction of woven
fabric surface, and the center-to-center distance L (mm) between adjacent filaments
of the multifilament were measured each at five positions. The multifilament coverage
ratios (a/L) were determined according to the following formula, and the average thereof
was calculated (see Fig. 1).
a: length of the multifilament 2 in a cross section thereof in a direction of woven
fabric surface
L: center-to-center distance between filaments of the multifilament 2 adjacent across
the fiber (M)
2. Monofilament concealment ratio (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "concealment
ratio")
[0076] A cut sample was prepared in the same manner as in the case of measurement of the
multifilament coverage ratio. Then, the sample was attached to a sample stand in a
non-tensioned state, and an enlarged photograph was taken with a scanning electron
microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 40. The length b (mm) of the multifilament
2 in a cross section thereof in a direction of woven fabric thickness, and the crimp
height h (mm) of the monofilament were measured each at five positions. The multifilament
coverage ratios (h/b) were determined according to the following formula, and the
average thereof was calculated (see Fig. 1).
b: length of the multifilament 2 in a cross section thereof in a direction of woven
fabric thickness
h: crimp height of the monofilament 1
3. Weaving density
[0077] According to JIS L1096: 2010 8.6.1, method A, five different positions on the woven
fabric surface were observed with a magnifying glass, the numbers of warps and wefts
in the section of 25.4 mm were counted, and the averages thereof were calculated.
4. Fineness
[0078] According to JIS L1013: 2010 8.3.1, method B, the fineness based on corrected mass
was measured as the fineness.
5. Cover factor
[0079] The cover factor was calculated according to the following formula:
6. Twist coefficient
[0080] According to JIS L1013: 2010 8.13.1, a sample was attached to a twist counter manufactured
by Asano machine MFG. Co. with a length between grips of 50 cm under an initial load
of 2.94 mN × display decitex, the number of twists was measured, and the obtained
number was doubled to give the number of twists per meter. The twist coefficient was
calculated according to the following formula.
7. Flexural rigidity of monofilament
[0081] Under two stainless steel rods each having a diameter of 2 mm horizontally placed
at an interval of 10 mm, a monofilament cut into about 4 cm in length was set, and
a J-shaped stainless steel hook having a diameter of 1 mm was suspended on the monofilament
at the center of the two stainless steel rods. The stainless steel hook was pulled
up at a speed of 50 mm/min with a TCM-200 type universal tensile and compression testing
machine manufactured by MinebeaMitsumi Inc., and the flexural rigidity was evaluated
based on the maximum stress generated during the pulling.
8. Whether the fiber was fused or not
[0082] A sample of 10 mm × 10 mm was collected, and the front and back surfaces of the woven
fabric surface were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification
of 100 to determine whether the fiber was fused or not.
9. Taber abrasion test
[0083] According to JIS L1096: 2010 8.19.3, method C, a sample was abraded 4000 times with
a Taber abrasion tester under conditions of a load of 250 g, an abrasive wheel H-18,
and a disc diameter of 100 mm, and then the sample was weighed. The weight difference
(g) from the weight before the test was taken as the "weight reduction after 4000
times". For the judgment of rupture of the sample piece, a sample without hole was
judged as A, and a sample with hole was judged as B. As a comprehensive judgment of
abrasion resistance, a sample that showed a weight reduction after 4000 times less
than 0.5 g and no hole was judged as acceptable, and others were judged as rejectable.
10. Evaluation of surface friction feeling and friction coefficient (MIU)
[0084] The measurement was performed 3 times for each of the two directions of warp and
weft directions with a KES-SE friction tester manufactured by KATO TECH CO., LTD.
under the conditions of a test stand moving speed of 1.00 mm/sec, a friction static
load of 50 g, and a 10-mm square piano wire as an abrading material, and the average
of the measured values was obtained. The formula for obtaining the friction coefficient
(MIU) is as follows.
µ: Frictional force/force pressing the sample (50 gf)
x: Position on the sample surface
X: Movement distance (2 cm)
[0085] The friction coefficient (MIU) represents the slipperiness of the sample surface,
and the larger the value is, the less slippery the surface is. For the judgment, a
sample having a MIU of 0.40 or less was judged as A, a sample having a MIU more than
0.40 and 0.42 or less was judged as B, and a sample having a MIU more than 0.42 was
judged as C.
11. Evaluation of surface friction feeling and deviation of friction coefficient (MMD)
[0086] The measurement was performed 3 times for each of the two directions of warp and
weft directions with a KES-SE friction tester manufactured by KATO TECH CO., LTD.
under the conditions of a test stand moving speed of 1.00 mm/sec, a friction static
load of 50 g, and a 10-mm square piano wire as an abrading material, and the average
of the measured values was obtained. The formula for obtaining the deviation of friction
coefficient (MMD) is as follows.
- µ:
- Frictional force/force pressing the sample (50 gf)
- x:
- Position on the sample surface
- X:
- Movement distance (2 cm)
- µ' :
- Average of µ
[0087] The deviation of friction coefficient (MMD) represents the roughness and irregular
texture of the sample surface, and the larger the value is, the more rough the surface
is. For the judgment, a sample having a MMD of 0.05 or less was judged as A, a sample
having a MMD more than 0.05 and 0.07 or less was judged as B, and a sample having
a MMD more than 0.07 was judged as C.
12. Basis weight
[0088] According to JIS L1096: 2010 8.3.2, method A, three samples of 200 mm × 200 mm were
collected, the absolute dry masses of the samples were measured, the masses per 1
m
2 were calculated, and the average thereof was calculated.
(Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4)
[0089] "Hytrel" (registered trademark) 6347 (melting point: 215°C) manufactured by DU PONT-TORAY
CO., LTD., a thermoplastic polyester elastomer, was used as a core component, and
"Hytrel" (registered trademark) 4056 (melting point: 153°C) was used as a sheath component.
The pellets were dried, melted in separate extruders, weighed with a gear pump, poured
into a composite pack, and fed into an extrusion machine. In this way, a 700 dtex
monofilament elastic yarn having a core/sheath mass ratio of 70 : 30 was obtained.
The elastic yarn had a flexural rigidity of 1.0 cN, and was used as the weft.
[0090] In addition, ten 167 dtex-48 filament cation-dyeable polyester yarns (LOCII manufactured
by TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) were combined. The resultant 480 filament having a total
fineness of 1670 dtex was twisted so as to have a twist coefficient of the warp as
shown in Table 1. The resultant yarn was used as a warp. The plain weave fabric as
shown in Table 1 was produced under the adjusted weaving conditions such as the warp
tension. The obtained woven fabric was heat-treated with a pin tenter at a temperature
of 180°C for 1 minute at the same inlet and outlet widths and 0% overfeed rate in
the warp direction. Then, the woven fabric was dyed according to an ordinary cationic
dye-dyeing method. In all of the finished woven fabrics, the polyester elastomer as
the sheath component adhered and solidified at the intersection of the warp and the
weft of the woven fabric. The warp density and weft density of the finished woven
fabrics are as shown in Table 1.
[0091] As shown in Tables 2 and 3, Examples 1 to 4 are different from one another in one
of the numerical values of weft density and twist coefficient of the warp, but the
coverage ratio and concealment ratio were within the specific ranges, and the woven
fabrics were excellent in abrasion resistance and had a soft touch feeling.
[0092] In addition, as shown in Tables 2 and 3, in Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the coverage
ratio or the concealment ratio was not within the specific range, and the woven fabrics
were inadequate in either of the abrasion resistance and touch feeling. Comparative
Example 1 is an example of a case where the concealment ratio is too small. Although
the obtained woven fabric had a soft touch feeling due to the flat shape of the warp
and the high coverage ratio, the woven fabric was low in concealment ratio and poor
in abrasion resistance. Comparative Example 2 is an example of a case where the concealment
ratio is too large. The monofilament exposed to the surface, and the woven fabric
had a hard touch feeling. In Comparative Example 3, since the coverage ratio was too
small, the monofilament exposed to the surface, and the woven fabric had a hard touch
feeling. Comparative Example 4 is also an example of a case where the coverage ratio
is too small. The monofilament exposed to the surface, and the woven fabric had a
hard touch feeling although it was excellent in abrasion resistance.
(Example 5)
[0093] "Hytrel" (registered trademark) 6347 (melting point: 215°C) manufactured by DU PONT-TORAY
CO., LTD., a thermoplastic polyester elastomer, was prepared as a core component.
In addition, "Hytrel" (registered trademark) 4056 (melting point: 153°C) was prepared
as a sheath component. The pellets were dried, melted in separate extruders, weighed
with a gear pump, poured into a composite pack, and fed into an extrusion machine.
In this way, a 400 dtex monofilament elastic yarn having a core/sheath mass ratio
of 70 : 30 was obtained. The elastic yarn had a flexural rigidity of 0.3 cN, and was
used as the weft.
[0094] Five 167 dtex-48 filament cation-dyeable polyester yarns (LOCII manufactured by TORAY
INDUSTRIES, INC.) were combined. The resultant 240 filament having a total fineness
of 835 dtex was twisted so as to have a twist coefficient of the warp of 2890. The
resultant yarn was used as a warp. The plain weave fabric as shown in Table 1 was
produced under the adjusted weaving conditions such as the warp tension. The obtained
woven fabric was heat-treated with a pin tenter at a temperature of 180°C for 1 minute
at the same inlet and outlet widths and 0% overfeed rate in the warp direction. In
the finished woven fabric, the polyester elastomer as the sheath component adhered
and solidified at the intersection of the warp and the weft of the woven fabric. The
warp density and weft density of the finished woven fabric are as shown in Table 1.
[0095] As shown in Tables 2 and 3, it was confirmed that in Example 5, the coverage ratio
and concealment ratio were within the specific ranges, and the woven fabric was excellent
in abrasion resistance and had a soft touch feeling.
(Examples 6 to 8 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6)
[0096] Pellets of "Hytrel" (registered trademark) 6347 (melting point: 215°C) manufactured
by DU PONT-TORAY CO., LTD., a thermoplastic polyester elastomer, were dried. Then,
the pellets were melted in an extruder, weighed with a gear pump, poured into a composite
pack, and fed into an extrusion machine. In this way, a 700 dtex monofilament elastic
yarn was obtained. The elastic yarn was used as a weft. In addition, ten 167 dtex-48
filament cation-dyeable polyester yarns (LOCII manufactured by TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.)
were combined as a warp. The resultant 480 filament having a total fineness of 1670
dtex was twisted so as to have a twist coefficient of the warp as shown in Table 1.
The plain weave fabric as shown in Table 1 was produced under the adjusted weaving
conditions such as the warp tension. The obtained woven fabric was heat-treated with
a pin tenter at a temperature of 180°C for 1 minute at the same inlet and outlet widths
and 0% overfeed rate in the warp direction. Then, the woven fabric was dyed according
to an ordinary cationic dye-dyeing method. The warp density and weft density of the
finished woven fabrics are as shown in Table 1. No fused portion was found in each
of the yarns that constitute the finished woven fabrics.
[0097] As shown in Tables 2 and 3, it was confirmed that in Examples 6 to 8, the coverage
ratio and concealment ratio were within the specific ranges, and the woven fabrics
were excellent in abrasion resistance and had a soft touch feeling.
[0098] In Comparative Examples 5 and 6, since the woven fabrics were low in concealment
ratio, they were poor in abrasion resistance.
(Comparative Example 7)
[0099] "Hytrel" (registered trademark) 6347 (melting point: 215°C) manufactured by DU PONT-TORAY
CO., LTD., a thermoplastic polyester elastomer, was used as a core component. "Hytrel"
(registered trademark) 4056 (melting point: 153°C) was used as a sheath component.
The pellets were dried, melted in separate extruders, weighed with a gear pump, poured
into a composite pack, and fed into an extrusion machine. In this way, a 700 dtex
monofilament elastic yarn having a core/sheath mass ratio of 70 : 30 was obtained.
The elastic yarn had a flexural rigidity of 1.0 cN, and was used as the weft.
[0100] A 288 filament high-strength polyester multifilament yarn (manufactured by TORAY
INDUSTRIES, INC.) made from polyethylene terephthalate and having a total fineness
of 1670 dtex was twisted so as to have a twist coefficient of the warp as shown in
Table 1, and the resultant yarn was used. The plain weave fabric as shown in Table
1 was produced under the adjusted weaving conditions such as the warp tension, and
at a weft density of 33 yarns/2.54 cm and a warp density of 25 yarns/2.54 cm. The
obtained woven fabric was heat-treated with a pin tenter at a temperature of 180°C
for 2 minutes at the same inlet and outlet widths and 0% overfeed rate in the warp
direction with the woven fabric overfeed 20% only in the warp direction. In the finished
woven fabric, the polyester elastomer as the sheath component adhered and solidified
at the intersection of the warp and the weft of the woven fabric. The warp density
and weft density of the finished woven fabric are as shown in Table 1.
[0101] In Comparative Example 7, since the coverage ratio was too small and the concealment
ratio was too large, the woven fabric was excellent in abrasion resistance but had
a hard touch feeling.
[Table 1]
[0102]
[Table 1]
|
Warp fineness (dtex) |
Weft fineness (dtex) |
Warp density (number of yarns/2.54 cm) |
Weft density (number of yarns/2.54 cm) |
Twist coefficient of warp |
Cover factor of warp |
flexural rigidity of monofilament (cN) |
Basis weight (g/m2) |
Example 1 |
1.670 |
700 |
29 |
39 |
8,173 |
1,185 |
1.0 |
352 |
Example 2 |
1,670 |
700 |
29 |
46 |
8,173 |
1,185 |
1.0 |
377 |
Example 3 |
1,670 |
700 |
29 |
38 |
0 |
1,185 |
1.0 |
347 |
Example 4 |
1,670 |
700 |
29 |
41 |
0 |
1,185 |
1.0 |
356 |
Example 5 |
835 |
400 |
41 |
50 |
3,034 |
1,170 |
0.3 |
258 |
Example 6 |
1,670 |
700 |
28 |
46 |
8,173 |
1,144 |
1.0 |
369 |
Example 7 |
1,670 |
700 |
28 |
41 |
0 |
1,144 |
1.0 |
348 |
Example 8 |
1,670 |
700 |
28 |
42 |
8,173 |
1,144 |
1.0 |
355 |
Comparative Example 1 |
1,670 |
700 |
29 |
36 |
0 |
1,185 |
1.0 |
342 |
Comparative Example 2 |
1,670 |
700 |
29 |
42 |
2,861 |
1,185 |
1.0 |
361 |
Comparative Example 3 |
1,670 |
700 |
29 |
42 |
40,866 |
1,185 |
1.0 |
367 |
Comparative Example 4 |
1,670 |
700 |
29 |
49 |
40,866 |
1,185 |
1.0 |
388 |
Comparative Example 5 |
1,670 |
700 |
28 |
39 |
8,173 |
1,144 |
1.0 |
345 |
Comparative Example 6 |
1,670 |
700 |
28 |
38 |
0 |
1,144 |
1.0 |
339 |
Comparative Example 7 |
1,670 |
700 |
25 |
47 |
8,173 |
1,038 |
1.0 |
349 |
[Table 2]
[0103]
[Table 2]
|
a (µm) |
b (µm) |
L (µm) |
h (µm) |
Coverage ratio a/L |
Concealment ratio h/b |
Whether fiber was fused or not |
Example 1 |
870 |
250 |
865 |
130 |
1.0 |
0.5 |
Fused |
Example 2 |
865 |
250 |
865 |
250 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
Fused |
Example 3 |
1,300 |
165 |
870 |
80 |
1.5 |
0.5 |
Fused |
Example 4 |
1, 300 |
165 |
870 |
160 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
Fused |
Example 5 |
525 |
180 |
410 |
160 |
1.3 |
0.9 |
Fused |
Example 6 |
870 |
250 |
860 |
250 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
Not fused |
Example 7 |
1,310 |
165 |
860 |
160 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
Not fused |
Example 8 |
870 |
250 |
865 |
185 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
Not fused |
Comparative Example 1 |
1,310 |
165 |
865 |
60 |
1.5 |
0.4 |
Fused |
Comparative Example 2 |
1,250 |
170 |
860 |
185 |
1.5 |
1.1 |
Fused |
Comparative Example 3 |
700 |
310 |
870 |
160 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
Fused |
Comparative Example 4 |
700 |
310 |
860 |
305 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
Fused |
Comparative Example 5 |
870 |
250 |
870 |
125 |
1.0 |
0.5 |
Not fused |
Comparative Example 6 |
1,300 |
170 |
870 |
85 |
1.5 |
0.5 |
Not fused |
Comparative Example 7 |
900 |
245 |
1,000 |
300 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
Fused |
[Table 3]
[0104]
[Table 3]
|
Abrasion resistance |
Surface friction feeling |
Weight reduction after 4000 times (g) |
Judgment of rupture |
MIU |
Judgment |
MMD |
Judgment |
Example 1 |
0.41 |
A |
0.305 |
A |
0.037 |
A |
Example 2 |
0.20 |
A |
0.389 |
A |
0.062 |
B |
Example 3 |
0.44 |
A |
0.268 |
A |
0.029 |
A |
Example 4 |
0.32 |
A |
0.341 |
A |
0.047 |
A |
Example 5 |
0.24 |
A |
0.266 |
A |
0.041 |
A |
Example 6 |
0.28 |
A |
0.392 |
A |
0.065 |
B |
Example 7 |
0.44 |
A |
0.353 |
A |
0.049 |
A |
Example 8 |
0.42 |
A |
0.343 |
A |
0.048 |
A |
Comparative Example 1 |
0.50 |
C |
0.245 |
A |
0.025 |
A |
Comparative Example 2 |
0.30 |
A |
0.421 |
C |
0.051 |
B |
Comparative Example 3 |
0.39 |
A |
0.424 |
C |
0.052 |
B |
Comparative Example 4 |
0.19 |
A |
0.473 |
C |
0.070 |
C |
Comparative Example 5 |
0.56 |
C |
0.303 |
A |
0.037 |
A |
Comparative Example 6 |
0.59 |
C |
0.269 |
A |
0.030 |
A |
Comparative Example 7 |
0.17 |
A |
0.501 |
C |
0.071 |
C |
[0105] As shown in Tables 1 to 3, it is understood that the woven fabric of the present
invention is good in abrasion resistance and touch feeling.
DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE SIGNS
[0106]
1: Monofilament
2: Multifilament
a: Length of multifilament 2 in cross section thereof in direction of woven fabric
surface
b: Length of multifilament 2 in cross section thereof in direction of woven fabric
thickness
L: Center-to-center distance between filaments of multifilament 2 adjacent across
fiber (M)
h: Crimp height of monofilament 1
B: Bottom of multifilament
C1: Crimp apex
C2: Crimp apex