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(11) | EP 3 379 147 B1 |
(12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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(54) |
WASTE INCINERATION CONTROL METHOD, AND INCINERATION CONTROL APPARATUS USING SAME MÜLLVERBRENNUNGSSTEUERUNGSVERFAHREN UND VERBRENNUNGSSTEUERUNGSVORRICHTUNG MIT VERWENDUNG DAVON PROCÉDÉ DE COMMANDE D'INCINÉRATION DE DÉCHETS ET APPAREIL DE COMMANDE D'INCINÉRATION L'UTILISANT |
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Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
TECHNICAL FIELD
BACKGROUND ART
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION
MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS
(T1) Measuring component concentrations of oxygen and moisture in the exhaust gas.
(T2) From the measured oxygen component concentration, calculating an actually measured excess air ratio.
(T3) For a preset correlation with a heating value of a waste, and an excess air ratio and a moisture amount in the combustion gas used as indexes, applying the actually measured moisture amount and the actually measured excess air ratio, and calculating an estimated heating value C.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a basic practicing steps of the combustion control method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a basic configuration example of a combustion control apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating a comparison between an actually measured value and an estimated value of the boiler evaporation amount.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a stoker type incinerator according to a conventional combustion control method.
MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
<Waste combustion control method according to present invention>
(1) Estimation of waste heating value (wherein C is not according to the invention as defined in the claims)
(R) Estimated heating value A: As in the later-described (R1) to (R8), a carbon dioxide concentration is estimated on the basis of the actually measured component concentrations of oxygen and moisture, and a nitrogen concentration which is to be a basis is calculated by using these, and from the component concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and moisture converted on the basis of the nitrogen concentration, a heating value, a latent heat quantity and a waste amount of each component are calculated, and estimation is carried out from the calculated values.
(S) Estimated heating value B: As in the later-described (S1) to (S7), a nitrogen concentration is calculated by using the actually measured component concentrations of oxygen, moisture, and carbon dioxide, and from the component concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and moisture converted on the basis of the nitrogen concentration, a heating value, a latent heat quantity and a waste amount of each component are calculated, and estimation is carried out from the calculated values.
(T) Estimated heating value C: As in the later-described (T1) to (T3), an actually measured excess air ratio is calculated from the actually measured oxygen concentration, and estimation is carried out on the basis of the actually measured excess air ratio and the actually measured moisture concentration.
(2) Estimation of boiler evaporation amount
(3) Control of supply amounts of waste, combustion air and combustion improver
[Regarding calculation method of waste heating value]
(R) Calculation of estimated heating value A
(R1) Measuring component concentrations of oxygen and moisture in the exhaust gas.
By measuring component concentrations of oxygen and moisture in the combustion exhaust
gas with an O2 concentration meter and an H2O concentration meter provided inside
or at the outlet of the incinerator, information of the combustion state can be obtained
in real time.
(R2) From the measured component concentrations of oxygen and moisture, estimating
the carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas according to the following formula
1.
Here, the value in brackets [ ] indicates concentration by percentage, Ro indicates
a factor preset by subtracting the oxygen component amount to be taken into the ash
content from the atmospheric oxygen concentration. That is, in such a state that the
waste completely burns and oxygen and nitrogen in the waste do not influence on the
component concentrations of oxygen and nitrogen in the exhaust gas, the carbon dioxide
concentration [CO2] and the oxygen concentration [O2] in the combustion air satisfy
the relations represented by the following formulas 4 to 7 (d: dry state, w: wet state).
However, it has been demonstrated that "21" in the formula 7 is not established,
but is, for example, "19: Ro" in an actual operation state. It is understood that
the oxygen component amount taken into the ash generated by the burning reaction corresponds
to the difference. [CO2(d)] and [O2(d)] can be set by carrying out analysis or measurement
such as a manual analysis in advance during an actual operation.
(R3) From the oxygen concentration, moisture concentration and carbon dioxide concentration,
calculating a nitrogen concentration in the exhaust gas.
Concretely, calculate the concentration of nitrogen (N2) in the exhaust gas from the
actually measured oxygen concentration, moisture concentration and estimated carbon
dioxide concentration according to the following formula 8.
(R4) On the basis of the calculated nitrogen concentration, calculating a conversion factor for the nitrogen concentration in the combustion air and calculating the converted component concentrations of the oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture multiplied by the conversion factor.
(R4-1) Calculation of conversion factor for nitrogen concentration in combustion air
With reference to nitrogen that is an invariable factor before and after the burning
reaction, a factor (conversion factor) t for converting into a partial pressure at
the time of supply of the combustion air (Reference nitrogen concentration Tn: 79
when the combustion air is 100) is calculated according to the following formula 9.
(R4-2) Calculation of converted component concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide,
and moisture
The converted component concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and moisture are
calculated by multiplying each of component concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide,
and moisture by the conversion factor t. According to the following formula 10, calculate
converted oxygen concentration Tx, converted carbon dioxide concentration Td, and
converted moisture concentration Tw, respectively. At this time, respective numerical
values are an oxygen amount, a carbon dioxide amount and a moisture amount per unit
supply amount of the combustion air.
(R5) From the converted component concentrations of the oxygen, carbon dioxide and
moisture, calculating an oxygen consumption amount per unit supply amount of the combustion
air used in the combustion treatment.
On the basis of the oxygen concentration in the combustion air (reference oxygen concentration)
To, an oxygen consumption amount Do per unit supply amount of the combustion air used
in the combustion treatment from the converted oxygen concentration Tx is calculated
according to the following formula 11.
Here, To = (100-Tn), and can be replaced by 21[%].
(R6) From the calculated oxygen consumption amount, calculating a heating value in relation to carbon dioxide and moisture generated in the combustion treatment per unit supply amount of the combustion air, and a latent heat quantity from the total amount of the generated moisture amount and the moisture amount contained in the waste.
(R6-1) Calculation of heating value in relation to carbon dioxide and moisture per
unit supply amount of combustion air
From the calculated oxygen consumption amount Do, a heating value Hd in relation to
carbon dioxide and a heating value Hw in relation to moisture generated in the combustion
treatment per unit supply amount of the combustion air are calculated. That is, the
total amount of oxygen required for complete combustion of the carbon component and
the hydrogen component in the waste W corresponds to the oxygen consumption amount
Do, and the amount of oxygen consumed by the carbon component of the oxygen consumption
amount Do is equivalent to the converted carbon dioxide concentration Td from the
following reaction formula 1, and the remainder corresponds to the oxygen amount consumed
by the hydrogen component (the following reaction formula 2). In other words, Hc and
Hh in the reaction formulas 1 and 2 represent heat of reaction (heating value) in
the respective reactions.
C + O2 → CO2 + Hc ...Reaction formula 1
4H + O2 → 2H2O + Hh ...Reaction formula 2
Therefore, the heating values Hd and Hw can be calculated on the basis of the heating
values Hc and Hh according to the following formulas 12 and 13.
(R6-2) Calculation of latent heat quantity from total moisture amount On the basis
of the latent heat quantity of water Lo, a latent heat quantity Lw of a total amount
Tw of the moisture amount generated by combustion and the moisture amount contained
in the waste is calculated according to the following formula 14.
(R7) From the supply amount of the waste subjected to the combustion treatment, calculating
a treated waste amount per unit supply amount of the combustion air.
From the supply amount Wi of the waste W subjected to the combustion treatment, and
the supply amount Ai of the combustion air at that time, the amount of waste treated
per unit supply amount of the combustion air (converted waste amount) Wo is calculated
according to the following formula 15.
(R8) From the calculated heating value, the latent heat quantity, and the waste amount,
calculating an estimated heating value A per treated waste amount. From the calculated
heating value (Hd + Hw), the latent heat quantity Lw and the waste amount Wo, an estimated
heating value A per treated waste amount is calculated according to the following
formula 16.
At this time, the calculated estimated heating value Aa is a numerical value per unit supply amount of the combustion air, and can be converted
into the estimated heating value A per unit supply amount of the waste W by using
the actually measured supply amount of the combustion air. An evaluation value for
the quality (characteristics) of the waste W having high objectivity can be obtained.
(S) Calculation of estimated heating value B
(S1) Measuring component concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture in
the exhaust gas.
By measuring component concentrations of oxygen, moisture, and carbon dioxide in the
combustion exhaust gas with an O2 concentration meter, an H2O concentration meter
and CO2 concentration meter provided inside or at the outlet of the incinerator, information
of the combustion state can be obtained in real time.
The subsequent steps (S2) to (S7) can be carried out in the same manner as in the
above steps (R3) to (R8). The description is omitted herein.
(S2) From each of the measured component concentrations, calculating a nitrogen concentration in the exhaust gas.
(S3) On the basis of the calculated nitrogen concentration, calculating a conversion factor for the nitrogen concentration in the combustion air and calculate converted component concentrations of the oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture by multiplication by the conversion factor.
(S4) From the converted component concentrations of the oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture, calculating an oxygen consumption amount per unit supply amount of the combustion air used in the combustion treatment.
(S5) From the calculated oxygen consumption amount, calculating a heating value in relation to carbon dioxide and moisture generated in the combustion treatment per unit supply amount of the combustion air, and a latent heat quantity from the total amount of the generated moisture amount and the moisture amount contained in the waste.
(S6) From the supply amount of the waste subjected to the combustion treatment, calculating a treated waste amount per unit supply amount of the combustion air.
(S7) From the calculated heating value, the latent heat quantity, and the waste amount, calculate an estimated heating value B per treated waste amount.
(T) Calculation of estimated heating value C
(T1) Measuring component concentrations of oxygen and moisture in exhaust gas
This can be carried out in the same manner as the step (R1). The description is omitted
herein.
(T2) Calculating an actually measured excess air ratio
From the measured oxygen concentration, an actually measured excess air ratio λο is
calculated according to the following formula 17.
(T3) Calculating an estimated heating value C
For a preset correlation with a heating value of a waste, and an excess air ratio
λ and a moisture amount (concentration) in the combustion gas (exhaust gas) used as
indexes, applying the actually measured moisture amount and the actually measured
excess air ratio, and calculating an estimated heating value C. Concretely, a waste
that is to be a basis is preset, and a correlation diagram of moisture concentration-estimated
heating value C using an actually measured excess air ratio as an index is prepared,
and by applying an actually measured moisture concentration [H2O] and an actually
measured excess air ratio λο for the correlation, it is possible to obtain the estimated
heating value C. By preparing a plurality of correlation diagrams according to the
properties (quality) of the waste which is to be a basis, it is possible to calculate
the estimated heating value C more accurately. Concretely in place of the correlation
diagram, by preparing a correlation function of moisture concentration-estimated heating
value C using an actually measured excess air ratio as an index and applying an actually
measured moisture concentration [H2O] and an actually measured excess air ratio λο,
it is possible to calculate the estimated heating value C.
<Combustion control apparatus according to present invention>
(a) Waste supply amount measuring part
(b) Combustion air supply amount measuring part
(c) Measuring part for measuring component concentration in exhaust gas
<Demonstration experiment of present method>
[Verification result]
a heating value (A) of the waste (W) is calculated on the basis of the following steps (R1) to (R8),
a boiler evaporation amount is estimated on the basis of the calculated heating value (A) of the waste (W), and
supply amounts of a waste (W), combustion air, and a combustion improver introduced in the incinerator (10) are controlled on the basis of the estimated boiler evaporation amount;
(R1) m easuring component concentrations of oxygen and moisture in the exhaust gas (E);
(R2) from the measured component concentrations of oxygen and moisture, estimating
a carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas (E) according to the following formula
1:
wherein the value in brackets [ ] indicates concentration in percent by volume, Ro
indicates a factor preset by subtracting the oxygen component amount to be taken into
the ash content from the atmospheric oxygen concentration;
(R3) from the oxygen concentration, moisture concentration and carbon dioxide concentration, calculating a nitrogen concentration in the exhaust gas (E);
(R4) on the basis of the calculated nitrogen concentration, calculating a conversion factor (t) for the nitrogen concentration in the combustion air and calculating converted component concentrations of the oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture by multiplication by the conversion factor;
(R5) from the converted component concentrations of the oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture, calculating an oxygen consumption amount per unit supply amount of the combustion air used in the combustion treatment;
(R6) from the calculated oxygen consumption amount, calculating a heating value in relation to carbon dioxide and moisture generated in the combustion treatment per unit supply amount of the combustion air, and then calculating a latent heat quantity of the total amount of the moisture in exhaust gas E, where total amount of the moisture means the moisture amount generated by combustion treatment and the moisture amount contained in the waste (W);
(R7) from the supply amount of the waste subjected to the combustion treatment, calculating a treated waste amount per unit supply amount of the combustion air;
(R8) From the calculated heating value, the latent heat quantity, and the treated waste amount, calculating a heating value (A) per treated waste amount.
a heating value (B) of the waste (W) is calculated on the basis of the following steps (S1) to (S7),
a boiler evaporation amount is estimated on the basis of the calculated heating value (B) of the waste (W), and supply amounts of a waste (W), combustion air, and a combustion improver introduced in the incinerator (10) are controlled on the basis of the estimated boiler evaporation amount;
(S1) m easuring component concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture in the exhaust gas (E);
(S2) from each of the measured component concentrations, calculating a nitrogen concentration in the exhaust gas (E);
(S3) o n the basis of the calculated nitrogen concentration, calculating a conversion factor for the nitrogen concentration in the combustion air and calculate converted component concentrations of the oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture by multiplication by the conversion factor;
(S4) from the converted component concentrations of the oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture, calculating an oxygen consumption amount per unit supply amount of the combustion air used in the combustion treatment;
(S5) from the calculated oxygen consumption amount, calculating a heating value in relation to carbon dioxide and moisture generated in the combustion treatment per unit supply amount of the combustion air, and then calculating a latent heat quantity of the total amount of the moisture in exhaust gas E, where total amount of the moisture means the moisture amount generated by combustion treatment and the moisture amount contained in the waste (W);
(S6) from the supply amount of the waste (W) subjected to the combustion treatment, calculating a treated waste amount per unit supply amount of the combustion air;
(S7) from the calculated heating value, the latent heat quantity, and the waste amount, calculating a heating value (B) per treated waste amount.
(R1) Messen der Komponentenkonzentrationen von Sauerstoff und Feuchtigkeit im Abgas (E);
(R2) Schätzen einer Kohlendioxidkonzentration im Abgas (E) aus den gemessenen Komponentenkonzentrationen
von Sauerstoff und Feuchtigkeit gemäß der folgenden Formel 1:
wobei der Wert in Klammern [ ] die Konzentration in Volumenprozent, und Ro einen
Faktor angibt, der durch Subtraktion der in den Aschegehalt aufzunehmenden Sauerstoffkomponentenmenge
von der Luftsauerstoffkonzentration voreingestellt wird;
(R3) Berechnen einer Stickstoffkonzentration im Abgas (E) aus der Sauerstoffkonzentration, der Feuchtigkeitskonzentration und der Kohlendioxidkonzentration;
(R4) Berechnen eines Umrechnungsfaktors für die Stickstoffkonzentration in der Verbrennungsluft auf der Grundlage der berechneten Stickstoffkonzentration und Berechnen der umgewandelten Komponentenkonzentrationen von Sauerstoff, Kohlendioxid und Feuchtigkeit, multipliziert mit dem Umrechnungsfaktor;
(R5) Berechnen einer Sauerstoffverbrauchsmenge pro Einheitszufuhrmenge der bei der Verbrennungsbehandlung verwendeten Verbrennungsluft aus den umgewandelten Komponentenkonzentrationen des Sauerstoffs, des Kohlendioxids und der Feuchtigkeit;
(R6) Berechnen eines Heizwerts in Bezug auf Kohlendioxid und Feuchtigkeit, die in der Verbrennungsbehandlung pro Einheitszufuhrmenge der Verbrennungsluft erzeugt werden, aus der berechneten Sauerstoffverbrauchsmenge, und dann Berechnen einer latenten Wärmemenge der Gesamtfeuchtigkeitsmenge im Abgas (E), wobei Gesamtfeuchtigkeitsmenge die in der Verbrennungsbehandlung erzeugte Feuchtigkeitsmenge und die im Abfall enthaltene Feuchtigkeitsmenge (W) bedeutet;
(R7) Berechnen einer behandelten Abfallmenge pro Einheit Zufuhrmenge der Verbrennungsluft aus der Zufuhrmenge des der Verbrennungsbehandlung unterzogenen Abfalls wird;
(R8) Berechnen eines geschätzten Heizwerts (A) pro behandelter Abfallmenge aus dem berechneten Heizwert, der latenten Wärmemenge und der Abfallmenge.
(S1) Messen der Komponentenkonzentrationen von Sauerstoff, Kohlendioxid und Feuchtigkeit im Abgas (E);
(S2) Berechnen einer Stickstoffkonzentration im Abgas (E) aus jeder der gemessenen Komponentenkonzentrationen;
(S3) Berechnen eines Umrechnungsfaktors für die Stickstoffkonzentration in der Verbrennungsluft auf Grundlage der berechneten Stickstoffkonzentration und Berechnen der umgewandelten Komponentenkonzentrationen von Sauerstoff, Kohlendioxid und Feuchtigkeit durch Multiplikation mit dem Umrechnungsfaktor;
(S4) Berechnen einer Sauerstoffverbrauchsmenge pro Versorgungseinheit der bei der Verbrennungsbehandlung verwendeten Verbrennungsluft aus den umgewandelten Komponentenkonzentrationen des Sauerstoffs, des Kohlendioxids und der Feuchtigkeit;
(S5) Berechnen eines Heizwerts in Bezug auf Kohlendioxid und Feuchtigkeit, die bei der Verbrennungsbehandlung pro Einheitszufuhrmenge der Verbrennungsluft erzeugt werden, aus der berechneten Sauerstoffverbrauchsmenge, und dann Berechnen einer latenten Wärmemenge der Gesamtfeuchtigkeitsmenge im Abgas (E), wobei Gesamtfeuchtigkeitsmenge die bei der Verbrennungsbehandlung erzeugte Feuchtigkeitsmenge und die im Abfall enthaltene Feuchtigkeitsmenge (W) bedeutet;
(S6) Berechnen einer behandelten Abfallmenge pro Einheit Zufuhrmenge der Verbrennungsluft aus der Zufuhrmenge des der Verbrennungsbehandlung unterworfenen Abfalls (W);
(S7) Berechnen eines geschätzten Heizwerts B pro behandelter Abfallmenge aus dem berechneten Heizwert, der latenten Wärmemenge und der Abfallmenge.
(R1) Mesure de la concentration des composants en oxygène et en humidité dans les gaz d'échappement (E);
(R2) estimation d'une concentration de dioxyde de carbone dans les gaz d'échappement
(E) a partir des concentrations mesurées des composants d'oxygène et d'humidité, selon
la formule 1 suivante ;
dans laquelle la valeur entre parenthèses [ ] indique la concentration en pourcentage
par volume, Ro indique un facteur préréglé en soustrayant de la concentration en oxygène
atmosphérique la quantité de composant d'oxygène à prendre dans la teneur en cendres;
(R3) computation d'une concentration d'azote dans les gaz d'échappement (E) à partir de la concentration d'oxygène, de la concentration d'humidité et de la concentration de dioxyde de carbone;
(R4) computation d'un facteur de conversion pour la concentration d'azote dans l'air de combustion et computation des concentrations des composants convertis de l'oxygène, du dioxyde de carbone et de l'humidité multipliées par le facteur de conversion sur la base de la concentration d'azote computationée;
(R5) computation d'une quantité de consommation d'oxygène par unité de fourniture de l'air de combustion utilisé dans le traitement de combustion à partir des concentrations converties des composants de l'oxygène, du dioxyde de carbone et de l'humidité,;
(R6) computatione un pouvoir calorifique par rapport au dioxyde de carbone et à l'humidité générés dans le traitement de combustion par unité de quantité d'alimentation de l'air de combustion à partir de la quantité d'oxygène consommée, puis computation d'une quantité de chaleur latente de la quantité totale d'humidité contenue dans les gaz d'échappement (E), où la quantité totale d'humidité signifie la quantité d'humidité générée dans le traitement de combustion et la quantité d'humidité contenue dans les déchets (W) ;
(R7) computation d'une quantité de déchets traités par unité de quantité d'air de combustion fournie à partir de la quantité de déchets soumis au traitement de combustion;
(R8) computation d'un pouvoir calorifique estimé (A) par quantité de déchets traités à partir du pouvoir calorifique calculé, de la quantité de chaleur latente et de la quantité de déchets.
(S1) Mesure de la concentration en oxygène, en dioxyde de carbone et en humidité des gaz d'échappement (E) ;
(S2) computation d'une concentration d'azote dans les gaz d'échappement (E) à partir de chacune des concentrations de composants mesurées;
(S3) computationer un facteur de conversion pour la concentration d'azote dans l'air de combustion sur la base de la concentration d'azote calculée et calculer les concentrations des composants convertis de l'oxygène, du dioxyde de carbone et de l'humidité par multiplication par le facteur de conversion ;
(S4) computation d'une quantité de consommation d'oxygène par unité de fourniture de l'air de combustion utilisé dans le traitement de combustion, où l'air de combustion utilisé dans le traitement de combustion est compris comme la quantité d'air ayant réagi pendant le traitement à partir des concentrations converties des composants de l'oxygène, du dioxyde de carbone et de l'humidité, ;
(S5) computation d'un pouvoir calorifique en relation avec le dioxyde de carbone et l'humidité générés dans le traitement de combustion par unité de quantité d'alimentation de l'air de combustion à partir de la quantité d'oxygène consommée, puis computation d'une quantité de chaleur latente de la quantité totale d'humidité contenue dans les gaz d'échappement E, où la quantité totale d'humidité signifie la quantité d'humidité générée dans le traitement de combustion et la quantité d'humidité contenue dans les déchets (W) ;
(S6) computation d'une quantité de déchets traités par unité de quantité d'air de combustion fournie à partir de la quantité de déchets (W) soumis au traitement de combustion ;
(S7) computation d'un pouvoir calorifique estimé (B) par quantité de déchets traités à partir du pouvoir calorifique calculé, de la quantité de chaleur latente et de la quantité de déchets.
REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION
Patent documents cited in the description