[0001] The present invention relates to a process for surface treatment of a stainless steel
sheet (including a stainless steel strip) according to which electrochemical treatment
is performed using the stainless steel sheet as a cathode for forming a noncorroding
film on the surface thereof.
[0002] Chrome plating is known as a process for surface treatment of this type. Chrome plating
is a kind of electroplating according to which a surface film of pure chrome is formed
on the surface of the stainless steel sheet by electrodeposition oi metal chrome.
This surface film is advantageous in that it is noncorroding and has excellent gloss.
This film is utilized for treating stainless steel sheets which are inexpensive but
are not sufficiently noncorroding, such as sheets according to JIS SUS430.
[0003] However, this chrome plating adopts as a treatment solution a mixture of sulfuric
acid and chromic acid of high concentration. For this reason, the waste solution from
the treatment contains a large amount of chromic acid and thus requires costly treatment
for prevention of pollution.
[0004] Chrome plating further requires a large current of over several amperes per dm and
a long treatment time. This plating process thus results in great power consumption
(e.g., integrated current density 6,000 A·sec/dm
2) and higher treatment cost.
[0005] In view of these problems, it has been proposed, as an alternative to chrome plating,
to perform an electrochemical treatment using a mixture of chromic acid, dichromic
acid and phosphoric acid as a treatment solution, and a stainless steel sheet as a
cathode for forming a noncorroding film on the surface of the stainless steel sheet.
[0006] This process is advantageous in that the concentration of residual chromic acid in
the solution is low, and the treatment of the waste solution is easy. Furthermore,
a corrosion resistance comparable to that obtained with chromic plating may be obtained
with a smaller current density and a shorter conduction time.
[0007] However, this process has drawbacks in that resistance to sulfurous acid which is
essential in stainless steel sheets for automobiles is poor, and surface gloss is
poor, thus reducing the product value as compared with chrome-plated stainless steel
sheets.
[0008] The present invention has been made in view of this and has for its object to provide
a process for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet wherein the treatment solution
is improved so that gloss and resistance to sulfurous acid are improved.
[0009] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process
for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet characterized by dipping a stainless
steel sheet having a BA (bright annealing) film or a passive film in a treatment solution
and carrying out cathodic treatment under conditions of 1 to 600 Aosec/dm
2 integrated current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature, said treatment solution
containing 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of chromic
acid, and 0.1 to 2% by weight of a member selected from-the group consisting of magnesium
oxide, sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.
[0010] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process
for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet characterized by dipping a stainless
steel sheet having a BA film or a passive film in a treatment solution containing
0.1 to 70% by weight of phosphoric acid and 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of a molybdate,
and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 A·sec/dm
2 integrated current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature.
[0011] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process
for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet characterized by, before or after
dipping a stainless steel having a BA film or a passive film in a first treatment
solution containing 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight
of chromic acid, and 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting
of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate and mixtures thereof and carrying out cathodic
treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 A·sec/dm
2 integrated current density and 0 to 90°C solution temperature, dipping the stainless
sheet in a second treatment solution containing 0.1 to 70% by weight of phosphoric
acid and 0.1 to 10% by weight of a molybdate and carrying out cathodic treatment under
the conditions of 1 to 600 Aosec/dm
2 integrated current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature.
[0012] According to a fourth aspect to the present invention, there is provided a process
for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet characterized by dipping a stainless
steel sheet having a BA film or a passive film in a treatment solution containing
0.1 to 50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of chromic acid,
0.1 to 2.0% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium
oxide, sodium silicate and mixtures thereof, and 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of a molybdate,
and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 Aosec/dm2 integrated
current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature.
[0013] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process
for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet characterized by dipping a stainless
steel sheet having a BA film or a passive film in a 0.1 to 70% by weight aqueous solution
of phosphoric acid, and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions of 1
to 600 A·sec/dm
2 integrated current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature, utilizing the stainless
steel as a cathode and metal molybdenum as an anode.
[0014] Before practicing the present invention, a BA (bright annealing) film or a passive
film must be formed on the surface of the stainless steel sheet to be treated. The
BA film or the passive film is a film which renders the surface of the stainless steel
sheet inactive. The BA film may be obtained by bright heat- treatment according to
which the sheet is heated in a vacuum, an inert gas, a reducing gas, or a hot salt.
The passive film may be obtained by leaving to the sheet in air or dipping the stainless
steel sheet in a 20% (by volume) aqueous solution of nitric acid at room
' temperature for 30 minutes or at 65°C for 10 minutes.
[0015] The reason why the BA film or the passive film should be formed before the treatment
according to the present invention is that if such a film is not formed in advance,-corrosion
resistance may not be improved even if cathodic treatment is conducted according to
this invention. This has been confirmed by experiments to be described later (Example
1).
[0016] As has been described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention,
a stainless steel sheet having a BA film or a passive film formed thereon undergoes
cathodic treatment in a treatment solution containing phosphoric acid, chromic acid,
magnesium oxide and/or sodium silicate.
[0017] Phosphoric acid. and chromic acid contained in this treatment solution are necessary
components for forming a noncorroding film on the surface of the stainless steel sheet.'
The lower limit of the amount of phosphoric acid to be used has been set at 0.1% by
weight since with smaller amounts of phosphoric acid, satisfactory corrosion resistance
may not be obtained. The upper limit of phosphoric acid to be used has also been set
to 50% by weight, since larger amount of phosphoric acid result in loss of gloss at
the surface of the stainless steel sheet and a greater waste of solution. The preferable
range of the amount of phosphoric acid to be used herein is 5 to 20% by weight.
[0018] The range for the amount of chromic acid has also been set between 0.1 and 10.0%
by weight for the same reason as in the case of phosphoric acid. When the amount of
chromic acid is not in this range, satisfactory corrosion resistance may not be obtained.
When the amount of chromic is out of this range, surface gloss is lost and the amount
of the waste solution will be great. The preferable range'of the amount of chromic
acid is 0.5 to 1.8% by weight.
[0019] Magnesium oxide and sodium silicate are components for preventing loss of gloss at
the surface of the stainless steel sheet. The range of the amount of magnesium oxide
has been limited since satisfactory gloss may not be obtained below 0.1% or above
2.0% by weight. The preferable range of the amount of magnesium oxide is 0.5 to 1.5%
by weight.
[0020] The amount of sodium silicate has been limited between 0.1 and 2% by weight. When
this amount is less than 0.1% by weight, satisfactory gloss may not be obtained. When
the amount of sodium silicate exceeds 2% by weight, it precipitates in the form of
gel from the solution, so that it may not exhibit the advantageous effects of sodium
silicate. The preferable range of sodium silicate is 0.1 to 0.8% by weight. The amounts
of magnesium oxide or sodium silicate have been limited to within the range of 0.1
to 2% by weight. When the amount of either of these is below 0.1% by weight, the satisfactory
effects provided by addition of these members may not be obtained. When the amount
exceeds 2% by weight, the surface gloss may not be obtained. The preferable range
of the amount of magnesium oxide or sodium silicate is 1.0 to 1.8% by weight.
[0021] The treating conditions for cathodic treatment in such a treatment solution are 1
to 600 Aosec/dm2 integrated current density and 0 to 90°C solution temperature. The
integrated current density has been limited to the range of 1 to 600 Aosec/dm2 since
a lower integrated current density than 1 A·sec/dm
2 results in insufficient corrosion resistance and a higher integrated current density
than 600 A·sec/dm
2 results in unsatisfactory surface gloss and higher cost. The preferable range of
integrated current density is 60 to 360 Aosec/dm
2. The solution temperature has been limited to the range of 0 to 90°C since the solution
temperature below 0°C results in a longer treating time and difficulty in maintaining
the temperature of the treatment solution; a higher solution temperature than 90°C
results in degradation in quality of the treatment solution. The preferable range
of solution temperature is 50 to 70°C.
[0022] According to the second aspect of the present invention, a stainless steel sheet
with a BA film or a passive film formed thereon undergoes cathodic treatment or dipping
treatment in a treatment solution containing phosphoric acid and molybdate.
[0023] The phosphoric acid contained in this treatment solution is a necessary component
for forming a noncorroding film on the surface of the stainless steel sheet as in
the case of the first aspect of the present invention. The lower limit of the amount
of phosphoric acid has been set to 0.1% by weight since a smaller amount of phosphoric
acid results in unsatisfactory corrosion resistance. The upper limit of phosphoric
acid has been set to 70% by weight since larger amount results in loss of surface
gloss at the surface of the stainless steel sheet and a greater solution loss. The
preferable range of the amount of phosphoric acid is 5 to 50% by weight.
[0024] The molybdate is effective in improving resistance to sulfurous acid by forming the
corrosion resistant film on the surface of the stainless steel sheet and in maintaining
excellent gloss. The molybdate may be included in the form of ammonium molybdate,
sodium molybdate and so on. The amount of the molybdate to be used herein has been
set as described above since a smaller amount of the molybdate does not provide satisfactory
effects and a larger amount results in loss of surface gloss. The preferable range
of the amount of the molybdate is 1 to 3% by weight.
[0025] The treating conditions for this treatment are the same as those as have been described
with reference to the first aspect of the present invention except that the lower
limit of the solution temperature may be lowered to 0°C in this case.
[0026] The third aspect of the present invention provides three options:
(a) a process for carrying out cathodic treatment of a stainless steel sheet having
BA film or passive film formed thereon under predetermined conditions with a solution
mixture (first treatment solution) containing phosphoric acid, chromic acid, and magnesium
oxide and/or sodium silicate; and thereafter carrying out again cathodic treatment
under predetermined conditions with a solution mixture (second treatment solution).
containing phosphoric acid and a molybdate;
(b) a process of carrying out cathodic treatment of a stainless steel sheet having
a BA film or a passive film formed thereon under predetermined conditions with a solution
mixture (second treatment solution) containing phosphoric acid and a molybdate; and
thereafter carrying out again.cathodic treatment under predetermined conditions with
a solution mixture (first treatment solution) containing phosphoric acid, chromic
acid, and magnesium oxide and/or.sodium silicate; and
(c) a process for carrying out cathodic treatment in a solution mixture (solution
mixture of the first and second treatment solutions) containing phosphoric acid, chromic
acid, the molybdate, and magnesium oxide and/or sodium silicate.
[0027] Among these three options, the best effects are obtained with the first method (a).
[0028] The mixing ratio of the respective components in the first treatment solution is
the same as that described before with reference to the first aspect of the present
invention. Similarly, the mixing ratio of the respective components of the second
treatment solution is the same as that described with reference to the second aspect
of the present invention. The cathodic treatment conditions in the first treatment
solution are 1 to 600 A·sec/dm
2 in integrated current density, and 0 to 90°C in solution temperature, preferably
10 to 30°C. The integrated current density has been limited to this range for the
reasons as described below. When the integrated current density is below 1 Aosec/dm
2, the gloss may be maintained but the resistance to corrosion, such as resistance
to sulfurous acid, salt damage (table 1) and so on, is not satisfactory. When the
integrated current density exceeds 600 A·sec/dm
2, the gloss may not be maintained and the process is uneconomical. Particularly for
improving the resistance to sulfurous acid, it is preferable to set the integrated
current density within the range of 40 to 120 A
'sec/dm
2. Particularly for improving the resistance to salt damage, it. is preferable to set
the integrated current density of 10 to 80 A·sec/dm
2. For improving both these resistance characteristics, it is preferable to set the
integrated current density within the range of 50 to 70 A·sec/dm
2. The temperature of this treatment solution should be controlled between 0 and 90°C
for the reasons to be.described below. When the solution temperature is below 0°C,
the treatment time becomes longer and maintenance of the temperature of treatment
solution becomes difficult. When the solution temperature exceeds 90°C, the effects
of improving resistance to corrosion may not be obtained. In the cathodic protection
with the first treatment solution, the treatment time may be shortened and the power
consumption may be reduced with an increase in temperature of the treatment solution.
With a solution temperature ranging from 70 to 90°C, a film of sufficient corrosion
resistance may be formed on the surface of the stainless steel sheet with an integrated
current density of below 1 Aosec/dm
2, or even at 0 A·sec/dm
2 (dipping in the solution with no electric current flowing through the stainless steel
sheet).
[0029] The cathodic treatment conditions in the second treatment solution are 1 to 600 A·sec/dm
2 integrated current density, and 10 to 90°C solution temperature, preferably 40 to
60°C. The integrated current density has been set within the range of 1 to 600 A·sec/dm
2 for the reasons to be described below. When the integrated current density is below
1 A·sec/dm
2, the gloss may be maintained but the corrosion resistance may not be sufficient.
When the integrated current density exceeds 600 A·sec/dm
2, the surface gloss may not be obtained, discoloration may occur, and the process
is uneconomical. Particularly for improving the resistance to sulfurous acid, it is
preferable to set the integrated current density within the range of 60 to 200 A·sec/dm
2. Particularly for improving the resistance to salt damage, it is preferable to set
the integrated current density within the range of 40 to 80 Aosec/dm
2. For improving both these resistances, the integrated current density is preferably
set within the range of 60 to 80 Aesec/dm
2. The solution temperature of the second treatment solution has been set to be within
the range of 0 to 90°C for the same reasons described with reference to the second
aspect of the present invention.
[0030] As for the cathodic treatment in the second treatment solution, the treatment time
may be shortened and the power consumption may be reduced with a higher solution temperature.
With a solution temperature ranging from 70 to 90°C, a corrosion resistant film may
be formed on the surface of the stainless steel sheet with an integrated current density
of below 1 Aesec/dm
2, or even at 0 A·sec/dm
2 (dipping in the solution with no electric current flowing through the stainless steel
sheet).
[0031] The cathodic treatment conditions with a solution mixture of the first and second
treatment solutions may be substantially the same as those described with reference
to the cathodic treatment with either the first or second treatment solution, and
may be appropriately selected accordingly.
[0032] According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a stainless steel sheet having
a BA film or a passive film formed thereon is dipped in an aqueous solution containing
0.1 to 70% by weight of phosphoric acid, preferably 5 to 50% by weight, and cathodic
treatment of the stainless steel sheet is carried out under the treatment conditions
of 1 to 600 A'sec/dm2 integrated current density, and 10 to 90°C solution temperature,
preferably 40 to 60°C, using the stainless steel sheet as a cathode and metal molybdenum
as an anode. The reasons for setting the phosphoric acid amount and the cathodic protection
conditions are the same as those described with reference to the second aspect of
the present invention.
[0033] Metal molybdenum is used as the anode in this process for electrolytically eluting
the metal molybdenum during electrolysis. This metal molybdenum improves the resistance
to sulfurous acid of the noncorroding film formed on the surface of the stainless
steel sheet. It also maintains excellent gloss. Metal molybdenum of higher purity
is preferable for improving the corrosion resistance to thereby prevent degradation
of the treatment solution.
[0034] According to this process, since the metal molybdenum as the anode is electrolytically
eluted, the molybdate need not be incorporated in advance, thus improving the workability
of the treatment. Furthermore, since the metal molybdenum does not contain a large
amount of impurities, it prevents degradation in quality of the treatment solution
and prolongs the life of the treatment solution.
[0035] According to the present invention, the treatment time may be shortened with a higher
solution temperature and a greater current density. With the treatment solution and
the treatment conditions according to the present invention, a corrosion resistant
film may be formed, generally, in 10 seconds to 10 minutes.
[0036] In accordance with the present invention, a film having corrosion resistance may
be formed on the surface of a stainless steel sheet, and its corrosion resistance
will not be degradated for a long period of time after treatment. This film is rich
in gloss and improves the resistance to corrosion of a stainless steel sheet having
insufficient resistance to corrosion, thus improving its product value.
Example 1
[0037] As raw materials, stainless steel sheets (or strip) of JIS SUS 430 (No. 1), JIS SUS
434 (No. 2), and JIS SUS 304 (No. 3) having on their surface BA film formed by bright
annealing were used. The treatment solution contained 9.25% by weight of phosphoric
acid, 1.68% by weight of chromic acid, 0.78% by weight of magnesium oxide, and 0.10%
by weight of sodium silicate.
[0038] The stainless steel sheets were subjected to cathodic treatment for 3 minutes at
a current density of 2.0 A/dm
2 and a solution temperature of 20°C.
[0039] The surface-treated stainless steel sheets were then subjected to a corrosion resistance
test according to the conditions shown in Table 1. The obtained results are shown
in Table 2.
[0040] For the purpose of comparison, a conventional stainless steel sheet having simply
a BA film formed thereon, i.e. without carrying out the cathodic treatment according
to this invention, was also subjected to the corrosion test according to the method
shown in Table 1, and the obtained results are also shown in Table 2.
[0041] A stainless steel sheet without a BA or passive film formed thereon was subjected
to the cathodic treatment under the same conditions as in the example described above.
The corrosion test results of this material are also shown in Table 2.
Example 2
[0043] The gloss of the surfaces. of the stainless steel sheets obtained in Example 1 was
compared with the gloss of the stainless steel sheets having the BA film formed thereon.
The presence or absence of gloss was evaluated. The obtained results are shown in
Table 3..
[0044] For the purpose of comparison, the same evaluations were made on stainless steel
sheets treated with the treatment solutions wherein the amounts of phosphoric acid,
chromic acid, magnesium oxide and sodium silicate deviated from the ranges according
to the present invention, and on stainless steel sheets obtained at integrated current
densities which deviated from the ranges according to the present invention. The obtained
results are shown in Table 3.

Example 3
[0045] Stainless steel sheet raw materials were used which were obtained by bright annealing
the sheets according to JIS SUS 430, JIS SUS 434, and JIS SUS 420J2 to form BA films,
and by hair-line treating (forming a passive film on) the sheet according to JIS SUS
304. The treatment solution contained 9.37% by weight of phosphoric acid and 1.34%
by weight of sodium molybdate.
[0046] These stainless steel sheets were subjected to cathodic treatment in this treatment
solution under the conditions of a current density of 1.0 A/dm
2., a solution temperature of 20°C, and a treatment time of 3 minutes (treatment 1).
These stainless steel sheets were then subjected to cathodic treatment again at a
current density of 1.0 A/dm
2, a solution temperature of 50°C, and a treatment time of 30 seconds (treatment 2).
[0047] The stainless steel sheets surface-treated in this manner then underwent the corrosion
resistance test shown in Table 1, and the obtained results are shown in Table 4.
[0048] For the purpose of comparison, a stainless steel sheet having a BA film formed thereon
was similarly subjected to the corrosion resistance test and the obtained results
are shown in Table 4.
[0049] A stainless steel sheet having neither the BA film nor the passive film was subjected
to cathodic protection under the same conditions as in this example. The obtained
results are also shown in Table 4.
[0050] A stainless steel sheet as in the above example was similarly subjected to cathodic
treatment with a treatment solution which contained phosphoric acid but which did
not contain a molybdate. The results of the corrosion resistance test on this stainless
steel sheet are also shown in Table 4.

Example 4
[0051] The surface gloss of the stainless steel sheet (JIS SUS 430) obtained in Example
3 was compared with that of the stainless steel sheet having the BA film formed thereon.
The presence or absence of gloss was evaluated. The obtained results are shown in
Table 5.
[0052] For the purpose of comparison, evaluations were made on the presence or absence of
gloss on the stainless steel sheets obtained with the treatment solutions wherein
the amounts of phosphoric acid and molybdate deviated from the ranges according to
the present invention, and on the stainless steel sheets obtained at current densities
which deviated from the ranges according to the present invention. The obtained results
are also shown in Table 5.
[0053]

Example 5
[0054] Stainless steel sheets were used which were obtained by bright annealing sheets according
to JIS SUS 430 to form BA films thereon. The first treatment solution
'contained 9.25% by weight of phosphoric acid, 1.68% by weight of chromic acid, 0.78%
by weight of magnesium oxide, and 0.10% by weight of sodium silicate. The stainless
steel sheets were subjected to cathodic treatment by varying the treatment conditions
within the ranges according to the present invention. The second treatment solution
contained 9.37% by weight of phosphoric acid and 1.34% by weight of sodium molybdate.
The stainless steel sheets were subjected to cathodic treatment again by varying the
treatment conditions within the ranges according to the present invention.
[0055] The stainless steel sheets surface-treated in this manner were subjected to the corrosion
resistance test according to the method shown in Table 1 (the resistance to sulfurous
acid was evaluated according to the sulfurous acid gas corrosion test as defined in
Dln, and the resistance to salt damage was evaluated according to the Dip and Dry
method (GM conditions)). The obtained results are shown in Table 6. Observations were
made on gloss and discoloration of the surfaces of the sheets, and the obtained results
are also shown in Table 6.
[0056] For the purpose of comparison, stainless steel sheets were subjected to various treatment
methods. Some stainless steel sheets were subjected to the first and second treatments
wherein the treatment conditions deviated from the ranges according to the present
invention (Nos. 9 to 12). A stainless steel sheet was subjected to cathodic treatment
in the first treatment solution but not to the second treatment (No. 13). Stainless
steel sheets were subjected to the first treatment but not to the second treatment
(Nos. 14 and 15). A stainless steel sheet which did not have a BA film was subjected
to the first and second treatments (No. 16). A stainless steel sheet was subjected
to the second treatment first and to the first treatment thereafter (No. 17). A stainless
steel sheet was subjected to a treatment with a solution mixture of the first and
second treatment solutions (No. 18). These stainless steel sheets were subjected to
the corrosion resistance test and were evaluated for gloss and discoloration. The
results are shown in Table 6.
[0057] In the case of sample No. 18, the composition of the solution mixture was 9.37% by
weight of phosphoric acid, 1.68% by weight of chromic acid, 0.78% by weight of magnesium
oxide, and 1.34% by weight of a molybdate. The treatment conditions were 1 A/dm
2 current density, 60 second treatment time, and 50°C solution temperature.
Example 6
[0059] Stainless steel sheets were obtained by bright annealing the sheets according to
JIS SUS 430 to form BA films thereon. A treatment was carried out using these sheets
as cathodes and metal molybdenum plates of 99.0% by weight purity as anodes in a treatment
solution containing 10% by weight of phosphoric acid.
[0060] Some of these stainless steel sheets were subjected to a treatment under the conditions
of 2 A/dm
2 current density, 25°C solution temperature, and 3 minutes treatment time (treatment
1), and the rest to another treatment under the conditions of 1 A/dm
2 current density, 60°C solution temperature and 1 minute treatment time (treatment
2).
[0061] The stainless steel sheets surface-treated in this manner were subjected to the corrosion
resistance test by the method shown in Table 1, and the obtained results are shown
in Table 7.
[0062] For the purpose of comparison, 0.5% by weight of sodium molybdate was added to the
treatment solution of the example, and a stainless steel sheet was surface-treated
in this treatment solution. The obtained sheet was subjected to the corrosion resistance
test, and the. obtained results are shown in Table 7.
[0063] The stainless steel sheet having a BA film was also subjected to the corrosion resistance
test and the obtained results are shown in Table 7.
[0064] The stainless steel sheet having neither the BA film nor the passive film was subjected
to cathodic treatment under the same conditions as in the example. The results of
the corrosion resistance test of this sheet are also shown in Table 7.
[0065] In the above example, a similar sheet was subjected to cathodic treatment using lead
instead of metal molybdenum as the anode. The results of the corrosion resistance
test of this sheet-are also shown in Table 7.

[0066] It is seen from the above table that corrosion resistance is significantly improved
according to the present invention.
[0067] A treatment solution containing sodium molybdenum also results in good corrosion
resistance of the resultant sheet. However, as will be made clear in Example 8, degradation
in quality of the treatment solution is significant with this composition.
Example 7
[0068] The surface gloss of the stainless steel sheet (JIS SUS 430) obtained in Example
6 was compared with that of the stainless steel sheet having a BA film formed thereon.
Evaluations were made as to the presence or absence of gloss. The obtained results
are shown in Table 8.
[0069] For the purpose of comparision, similar evaluations were made on a stainless steel
sheet subjected to cathodic treatment using lead instead of metal molybdenum as the
anode, on a stainless steel sheet subjected to cathodic treatment after being dipped
in a treatment solution wherein the amount of phosphoric acid deviated from the range
according to the present invention, and a stainless steel sheet subjected to cathodic
treatment. wherein the current density deviated from the range according to the present
invention. The obtained results are'shown in Table 8.

[0070] It is seen from the above table that excellent gloss may be obtained according to
the process of the present invention.
Example 8
[0071] After the treatment (treatment 1) of Example 6, degradation in quality of the treatment
solution was evaluated'. Degradation in quality was not observed after 75 hours.
[0072] To the treatment solution used in Example 6 was added 0.5% by weight of sodium molybdate.
Cathodic treatment was carried out using a ferrite anode. Degradation in quality of
the treatment solution was evaluated. Degradation in quality of the treatment solution
was first observed after 25 hours.
[0073] For judging the degradation, a belt-shaped plate of a sample 100 mm in width was
continuously treated in 1 liter of the electrolytic solution. The solution was judged
to have been degraded when the rusting rate according to the sulfurous acid resistance
test exceeded 10%.
[0074] In summary, according to the process of the present invention, corrosion resistance
particularly resistance tc sulfurous acid, is excellent and excellent gloss may be
maintained, providing an excellent process for surface treatment of stainless steel
sheets for automobiles. With the process of the present invention, preparation for
the treatment is easy and degradation in the treatment solution may be prevented for
a long period of time.
1. A process for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet characterized by dipping
a stainless steel sheet having a BA film or a passive film in a treatment solution
and carrying out cathodic treatment under conditions of 1 to 600 A·sec/dm2 integrated current density and 0 to 90°C solution temperature, said treatment solution
containing 0.1 to 70.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of a
member selected from the group consisting of a molybdate, chromic acid, and mixtures
thereof, and, optionally, 0.1 to 2% by weight of a member selected from the group
consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the treatment solution contains 0.1 to
50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of chromic- acid, and 0.1
to 2.0% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide,
sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.
3. A process according to claim 2, wherein the treatment solution contains 5 to 20%
by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.5 to 1.8% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.5 to 1.5%
by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium
silicate, and mixtures thereof.
4. A process according to claim 1, wherein the treatment solution contains 0.1 to
50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid and 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of the molybdate.
5. A process according to claim 4, wherein the treatment solution contains 5 to 50%
by weight of phosphoric acid and 1 to 3% by weight of the molybdate.
6. A process according to claim 1, characterized by performing said cathodic treatment
in two steps, a first step comprising dipping a stainless steel sheet having a BA
film or a passive film in a treatment solution containing 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of
phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.1 to 2.0% by weight
of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate
and mixtures thereof and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions of 1
to 600 Aosec/dm2 integrated current density and 0 to 90°C solution temperature, and
a second step comprising dipping the stainless steel sheet treated in the first step
in a treatment solution containing 0.1 to 70% by weight of phosphoric acid and 0.1
to' 10.0% by weight of the molybdate and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions
of 1 to 600 A·sec/dm2 integrated current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature.
7. A process according to claim 6, wherein the treatment solution in the first step
contains 5 to 20% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.5 to 1.8% by weight of chromic acid,
and 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium
oxide, sodium silicate and mixtures thereof, and the treatment solution in the second
step contains 5 to 50% by weight of phosphoric acid and 1 to 3% of the molybdate.
8. A process according to claim 1, characterized by performing said cathodic treatment
in two steps, a first step comprising dipping a stainless steel sheet having a BA
film or a passive film in a treatment solution containing 0.1 to 70% by weight of
phosphoric acid and 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of the molybdate and carrying out cathodic
treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 A·sec/dm2 integrated current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature, and a second step
comprising dipping the stainless steel sheet treated in the first step in a treatment
solution containing 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight
of chromic acid, and 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting
of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate and mixtures thereof and carrying out cathodic
treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 A·sec/dm2 integrated current density and 0 to 90°C solution temperature.
9. A process according to claim 8, wherein the treatment solution in the first step
contains 5 to 50% by weight of phosphoric acid and 1 to 3% by weight of ' the molybdate, and the treatment solution in the second step contains 5 to 20% by
weight of phosphoric acid, 0.5 to 1.8% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.5 to 1.5%
by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium
silicate and mixtures thereof.
10. A process according to claim 1, wherein the molybdate is supplied by using metal
molybdenum as an anode.
11. A process according to claim 4, wherein the molybdate is supplied by using'mainly
metal molybdenum as an anode.
12. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the integrated current
density is 60 to 360 Aosec/dm2 and the solution temperature is 40 - 70°C.
13. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the stainless steel
sheet conforms to JIS SUS 430, JIS SUS 420 or JIS SUS 434.