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(11) | EP 0 072 874 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | Dual-purpose plant for producing cold rolled steel sheet and hot-dip galvanized steel sheet |
| (57) A dual-purpose production plant for cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized
steel sheets comprising, successively disposed in series, a heating zone (5), a soaking
zone (6), a primary cooling zone (7), an overaging zone (8) equipped with a controlled
cooling facility, a molten galvanizing zone (9), an intermediate cooling means (10),
a secondary cooling zone (11). a temper rolling means (14), and a chemical treatment
means (16), said overaging zone (8) and said secondary cooling zone (11) being equipped
with a bypass means (22) for directly connecting the two zones with each other. |
Field of the Invention
[0001] This invention relates to a dual-purpose plant for producing cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets and more particularly to a dual-purpose plant for producing cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets of deep drawing steel and high strength steel hardened by solid solution and dual-phase structure.
Background of the Invention
[0002] A dual-purpose plant for producing deep drawing steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets is disclosed in Japanese Pat. Appln. Public Disclosure No. 132,437/'78. In the known production plant, a reheating zone and a hot-dip galvanizing apparatus are provided at the outlet side of a secondary cooling zone following an overaging zone of a continuous annealing line and said galvanizing apparatus is disposed movably in the vertical direction so that the plant can be used either for production of cold rolled steel sheets or the production of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets and can be switched back and forth freely between these two modes of operation. This plant, however, has disadvantages in that it includes both a reheating zone and a means for vertically moving the galvanizing apparatus, thus increasing the cost of the plant as well as its operating cost, and in that, since the strip is reheated after the overaging treatment, carbides precipitated in the matrix of the steel dissolve in solid solution again, as a result degrading the mechanical properties thereof. Moreover, since the galvanizing apparatus is provided at the outlet side of a secondary cooling zone, an additional cooling means is required to cool the strip after galvanizing, which also results in increasing the cost of the plant.
[0003] A dual-purpose plant using continuous hot-dip galvanizing equipment and production equipment for black plates is disclosed in Japanese Pat. Appln. Public Disclosure No. 19,407/'79. In the plant, a hot-dip galvanizing apparatus and a roundabout passageway are provided between the primary cooling zone of a continuous annealing line for black plates and the overaging zone thereof. In the plant, however, since the galvanized steel sheets are subjected to overaging, alloy formation proceeds in the zinc layer of the steel sheet with iron as substrate during the overaging, whereby the adhesive strength of the galvanized layer is degraded. Also, in the plant, the overaging temperature is kept low for preventing hearth rolls disposed in the overaging zone from picking up zinc from the zinc layer in the overaging treatment. As a consequence, the effect of the overaging is not sufficient to produce deep drawing galvanized steel sheets of satisfactory quality. Moreover, the plant does not possess an in-line temper rolling means which is indispensable to a continuous annealing line having an overaging zone.
[0004] For eliminating these defects of plants wherein the overaging treatment system presumes reheating before galvanizing and of plants wherein the overaging is carried out after galvanizing, there has been proposed in Japanese Pat. Appln. Public Disclosure No. 149,129/'76 a process wherein a preliminary overaging is conducted before galvanizing and a further, secondary overaging is conducted after galvanizing. In the proposed process, the overaging before galvanizing, which is a preliminary treatment, is performed over a short period of time and then after finishing the galvanizing, a regular overaging treatment at a proper temperature above 350°C is conducted. However, with this process, adhesion of zinc to the hearth rolls in the overaging zone is inevitable in the regular overaging treatment and any countermeasure taken to avoid this trouble is certain to considerably increase the cost of the plant.
Summary of the Invention
[0005] An object of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages met in overaging treatments conducted before or after hot-dip galvanizing in conventional processes while at the same time solving the problem of increasing equipment and operating costs in a dual-purpose plant for producing cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets, and to provide a plant capable of being used for producing both cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets (such a plant being referred to as "dual-purpose plant" in this specification) having excellent performance.
[0006] Another object of this invention is to provide a plant for producing deep drawing hot-dip galvanized steel sheets, particularly for car bodies, having zinc plating with good adhesive strength and having excellent performance as well as for producing galvanized steel sheets of high strength steel hardened by solid solution and dual-phase structure.
[0007] That is, the invention provides a dual-purpose production plant for cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets comprising, successively disposed in series, a heating zone, a soaking zone, a primary cooling zone, an overaging zone equipped with a controlled cooling facility, a molten galvanizing zone, an intermediate cooling means, a secondary cooling zone, a temper rolling means, and a chemical treatment means, said overaging zone and said secondary cooling zone being equipped with a bypass means for directly connecting the two zones with each other.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0008]
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a plant line showing an embodiment according to the first aspect of this invention,
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of the bypass in the plant line shown in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view showing the bypass removed in the case of producing galvanized steel sheets,
Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of the same arrangement as shown in Fig. 3,
Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view showing the bypass installed in the production of cold rolled steel sheets,
Fig. 6 is a schematic side view of the same arrangement as shown in Fig. 5,
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing an intermediate cooling section disposed between the galvanizing bath and the secondary cooling zone in the case of producing galvanized steel sheets of deep drawing steel and high strength solid solution hardening steel,
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a part of a plant line showing an embodiment according to the second aspect of this invention,
Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing an example of a quenching section disposed between the hot-dip galvanizing bath and the secondary cooling zone in the case I of producing galvanized steel sheets of high strength dual-phase steel according to still another embodiment in line with the third asoect of this invention, and
Fig. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the change in the amount of carbon in solid solution in the structure of the steel strip and the overaging time and temperature.
Detailed Description of the Invention
[0009] According to the first aspect of this invention, there is provided a dual-purpose production plant for cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets comprising, successively disposed in series, a heating zone, a soaking zone, a primary cooling zone, an overaging zone equipped with a controlled cooling facility, a hot-dip galvanizing zone, an intermediate cooling means, a secondary cooling zone, a temper rolling means, and a chemical treatment means, said overaging zone and said secondary cooling zone being equipped with a bypass means for directly connecting the two zones with each other.
[0010] . This arrangement is particularly suitable for producing cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets of deep drawing steel and high strength steel hardened by solid solution.
[0012] The plant line shown in Fig. 1 is equipped with such ordinary auxiliary equipment as a welder 2 for welding the starting material, a payoff reel 1 from which a cold reduced steel strip S is uncoiled, an electrolytic cleaning section 3 for cleaning the surface of the steel strip S, and an entry looper 4. Following this auxiliary equipment, there are provided successively in series according to the first aspect of this invention a heating zone 5, a soaking zone 6, a primary cooling zone 7, an overaging zone 8, a hot-dip galvanizing apparatus 9, an intermediate cooling means 10, a secondary cooling zone 11, a water cooling means 12, a delivery looper 13, a temper rolling mill 14,a trimmer 15, a chemical surface treatment means 16, a dryer 17, an inspection apparatus 18, an oil coater 19, a shearing machine 20, and a coiler 21. Also according to the first aspect of this invention, a bypass 22 is provided for directly passing the steel strip S coming from the overaging zone 8 to the secondary cooling zone 11.
[0014] The heating zone 5 has an indirect heating system using radiant tubes. Therefore, it is necessary to dispose an electrolytic cleaning means at the inlet side of the heating zone for removing the iron powder which has come to adhere to the surface of the cold reduced steel strip in the cold rolling step. Although there is no need for such a cleaning means when a non-oxidation direct-fired heating furnace is employed in conjunction with a conventional plant or installation of this type for producing hot-dip galvanized steel sheets, it is necessary to provide one in the case of producing-cold rolled steel sheets which are required to have strictly controlled surface property since without one there is a possibility of the surface property being degraded by the formation of a porous layer which gives the surface poor corrosion resistance or of the surface being degraded by the formation of pik-up scars.
[0015] In addition, in the plant of this invention it is preferred that the gas atmosphere in the heating zone, the soaking zone, the primary cooling zone, and the overaging zone contain about 5 - 30% H2 to activate the surface of the cold rolled steel strip before the steel is subjected to the hot-dip galvanizing treatment. Also, as the chemical used for the electrolytic cleaning, it is recommendable to avoid the use of one based on sodium silicate and to use one based on sodium hydroxide instead.
[0017] As the primary cooling system in the continuous annealing of cold rolled steel sheets, not only gas jet cooling systems but also mist cooling systems,water cooling systems, etc. are commonly used. However, in the dual-purpose type production plant of this invention, the gas jet cooling system is highly suitable for the following reason. In the case of a mist cooling system, the surface of the steel strip is oxidized during primary cooling and the oxidized layer usually remains even after the overaging treatment. As a result, the steel strip is not suitable for hot-dip galvanizing. Also, in the case of a water cooling system, since the end point temperature of cooling cannot be controlled in the primary cooling, the steel strip must be reheated to the overaging temperature before overaging, which results in an energy loss and the degradation of mechanical properties. However, the gas jet cooling system does not cause such difficulties. Furthermore, since the steel strip is bright cooled by a gas jet cooling system, the steel strip can subsequently be subjected to hot-dip galvanizing without causing trouble. Moreover, since the cooling end point temperature can be controlled by a gas jet cooling system, it is unnecessary to reheat the steel strip in the subsequent overaging treatment, Whereby energy costs can be reduced and a galvanized steel sheet of good quality can be obtained.
[0018] In addition, a metal contact cooling system can be also employed as the primary cooling system in this invention with the same effect as a jet cooling system. In the metal contact cooling system, a steel strip is cooled by, for example, bringing into contact with the steel strip a metallic rotator through the inside of which cooling water is passed.
[0019] As in the case of employing the gas jet cooling system, it is in this case also possible to realize bright cooling and control of the end point cooling temperature.
[0020] Moreover, cooling can be achieved more rapidly than in the case of employing the gas jet cooling system. Therefore, as compared with the case of employing the gas jet cooling system, it is possible in the case of employing the metal contact cooling system to more effectively:
(i) reduce the overaging period in the case of producing deep drawing cold rolled steel sheets and high strength solid solution hardening cold rolled steel sheets, and
(ii) reduce the amount of the alloying elements used in the case of producing high strength dual-phase cold rolled steel sheets.
[0021] As the heat retaining system for the overaging zone 8, an electric resistance indirect heating system is employed. Also, to make controlled cooling of the overaging zone possible, a cooling means such as a weak cooling gas jet cooling system or a cooling tube system may be employed in the overaging zone.
[0022] A conventional production plant for continuous hot-dip galvanized steel sheet does not have an overaging zone and hence can produce only hard galvanized steel sheets. In the case of producing such a hard galvanized steel sheet in the plant of this invention, it is necessary to control the overaging zone so that the steel strip is gradually cooled from the primary cooling zone through the overaging zone and thus is not subjected to the overaging treatment in the overaging zone. For this purpose, cooling in the primary cooling zone may be reduced or discontinued but it is necessary that the overaging zone have not only a heat-retaining means but also a controlled cooling means. This is the reason that the overaging zone of the plant is equipped with the controlled cooling facility in accordance with the first aspect of this invention.
[0023] As a hot-dip galvanizing apparatus 9 disposed following the overaging zone 8, a conventional hot-dip galvanizing means may be used.
[0024] The galvanized deep drawing steel or high strength steel sheets produced by the plant of this invention are used mainly for carbodies and hence thin plating is frequently conducted. Therefore, the hot-dip galvanizing apparatus of the plant of this invention throughwhich a steel strip to be galvanized is passed at a high speed can be equipped with a means such as a high pressure N2 gas wiper for carrying out thin galvanizing. Also, the galvanizing apparatus may be equipped with a one-side galvanizing means and also with an intermediate cooling means covered by a hood for protecting the galvanized steel strip from atmospheric oxidation when the steel strip enters the secondary cooling zone.
[0025] The intermediate cooling means 10 disposed between the hot-dip galvanizing apparatus 9 and the secondary cooling zone 11 is composed of an intermediate primary cooling section 101 and an intermediate secondary cooling section 102, each of which is equipped with a gas jet cooling means. In addition, in the case'of two-side galvanizing, an air jet cooling means may be used in place of the gas jet cooling means and further water spray may be used for the intermediate secondary cooling section 102 and hence in this case a dryer is required.
[0026] The manner in which the intermediate cooling apparatus is used is explained with reference to the example shown in Fig. 7.
[0027] In the case of hot-dip galvanizing a deep drawing steel or high strength solid solution hardening steel, the galvanized steel strip S at a temperature of about 460°C coming from the hot-dip galvanizing bath 9 is passed through a primary intermediate cooling section 101 disposed before a deflector roll 33 to cool the steel strip to a temperature below about 400°C, preferably below about 350°C, whereby pick-up of zinc from the zinc layer of the steel sheet by the deflector roll 33 can be prevented. In addition, it is more effective for preventing pick-up of zinc if the deflector 33 itself is of an internal water-cooling type. The steel strip S is passed over the deflector roll 33 and further through the secondary intermediate cooling section 102, wherein it is cooled to a temperature below about 350°C, preferably about 300°C, at which zinc in the galvanizd layer of the steel strip S is not picked up by a guide roll in the secondary cooling zone 11 when the steel strip S is passed through the secondary cooling zone 11.
[0028] In addition, in the case of producing a zero-spangle galvanized steel sheet by the plant line of this invention, a means 103 for zero-spangling the galvanized layer by blowing, for example, steam on the surface of the steel strip directly after galvanizing is disposed just above the molten galvanizing bath 9 as shown in Fig. 1.
[0029] Also in the case of producing a galvanized steel sheet having an alloyed galvanized layer by the plant line of this invention, an alloying furnace 104 for heating the surface of the steel strip to about 550°C directly after galvanizing is disposed above the galvanizing bath 9.
[0030] The steel strip is reheated in the alloying furnace to a temperature higher than the overaging temperature (about 460°C) in the case of producing galvanized steel sheets of deep drawing steel and high strength solid solution hardening steel. However, since the reheating period is very short, even if a part of the carbides precipitated by the overaging before galvanizing dissolve and form a solid solution, the resulting degradation of the mechanical properties is negligibly small.
[0032] The temper rolling mill 14 can be of the conventional type. The reason for employing the temper rolling mill 14 in the plant line in accordance with the invention is as follows:
Usually, in the case of producing cold rolled thin steel sheets, temper rolling is applied after overaging and in the case of producing hot-dip galvanized steel sheets, it is also necessary to apply temper rolling after the overaging treatment and galvanizing. More specifically, since the yield point of the overaged steel strip becomes low and the steel strip is therefore liable to yield, buckling caused by yield point elongation is liable to occur if the steel strip is passed therethrough as it is. Hence it is necessary to dispose a temper rolling mill in the plant line in order to avoid this phenomenon. That is, it is necessary to eliminate the yield point elongation by temper rolling the steel strip as quickly as possible. In addition, it is preferred to use a large diameter roll for preventing the occurence of buckling as the roll passes between the overaging zone and the temper rolling mill.
[0033] The chemical surface treatment means 16 is provided after the temper rolling mill 14. Ordinarily, for chemically treating the galvanized surface, a chemical treatment bath is located to follow the hot-dip galvanizing bath.
[0034] Such a chemical treatment is, as a matter of course, necessary in the galvanized steel sheets produced by the plant of this invention and thus the chemical treatment means 16 is -disposed between the temper rolling mill 14 and the coiler 21. The reason for disposing the chemical treatment means at this position is that if the chemical treatment means is disposed before the temper rolling mill, the coating or layer formed by the chemical treatment will be mechanically broken by temper rolling.
[0035] In addition, according to the plant of this invention, there is greater latitude in the selection of the kind of chemical treatment to be applied to the deep drawing galvanized steel sheets. This is because the plant of this invention is not subject to the limitation of the conventional production process for deep drawing galvanized steel sheets which is composed of four steps, namely hot-dip galvanizing, batch annealing, temper rolling and inspection, with the chemical treatment being performed in the hot-dip galvanizing step so that the risk of the layer formed on the surface of the galvanized steel by the chemical treatment being broken by the temper rolling makes it impossible to apply such chemical treatments as chromate treatment. Thus the present invention is superior in this connection to the conventional process by which only non-treated, simply oil-coated galvanized steel sheets can be produced.
[0036] The invention aims at providing a plant which can be used for both the production of cold rolled steel sheets and the production of galvanized steel sheets and hence a bypass 22 is provided according to the first aspect of this invention for directly passing the steel strip S from the overaging zone 8 to the secondary cooling zone 11. An embodiment of the construction of the bypass 22 is explained with reference to the example shown in Fig. 2.
[0037] In Fig. 2, numeral 8 denotes the overaging zone 8 and numeral 11 denotes the secondary cooling zone 11, both of which are denoted by the same numerals in Fig. 1. Numeral 22 denotes a bypass directly connecting the overaging zone 8 and the secondary cooling zone 11. A snout 27 is bypassed starting from an outlet portion 23 for introducing the overaged strip S to the hot-dip galvanizing apparatus 9 shown in Fig. 1.
[0038] In the case of introducing the steel strip S from the overaging zone 8 to the secondary cooling zone 11 through the bypass 22, the bypass is constructed by mounting a tunnel chamber 24 between the outlet portion 23 of the overaging zone 8 and : the inlet portion 29 of the secondary cooling zone 11 by means of flanges 25 and 26. Numeral 28 denotes a sealing means for closing the snout 27, 30 a threaded hole, 31 an end plate for closing the opening of the outlet portion 23, and 32 a guide roll.
[0039] The manner in which the bypass 22 is used is explained with reference to the following examples.
[0040] In one example, the tunnel chamber 24 is mounted movably. The tunnel chamber 24 of the bypass 22 is so constructed that the chamber can be horizontally moved transverse to the passing direction of the steel strip S (the direction of the arrow) by means of rails 34 as shown in the plan view of Fig. 3. In the case of producing a galvanized steel sheet, the tunnel chamber 24 is removed from the passing line of the steel strip as shown in Fig. 3 and the cold rolled strip S is introduced from the overaging zone 8 into the secondary cooling zone 11 via the galvanizing bath 9 and the intermediate cooling means 10 shown in Fig. 4. In the case of producing a cold rolled steel sheet, the tunnel chamber 24 is connected to the outlet portion 23 and the inlet portion 29 to constitute the bypass 22 from the overaging zone 8 to the secondary cooling zone 11 as shown in Fig. 5 and the cold rolled steel strip S is passed directly from the overaging zone 8 into the secondary cooling zone 11 as shown in Fig. 6.
[0041] In another example, in the case of producing a galvanized steel sheet, the tunnel chamber 24 is not removed from the passing line of the steel strip S but, instead, the steel strip S rising from the galvanizing bath 9 is vertically passed through the openings formed one each in the bottom and the top surfaces of the chamber 24. In this case, however, the zero-spangling means 103 and the alloying means 104, which are usually disposed just above the galvanizing bath 9, must be disposed above the tunnel chamber 24 and hence less space is available for disposing them.
[0043] This plant is a dual-purpose production plant for higher grade cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets having excellent ductility comprising, successively disposed in series, a heating zone, a soaking zone, a primary cooling zone, an overaging zone equipped with a controlled cooling facility, a hot-dip galvanizing means, an intermediate cooling means, a low-temperature overaging zone, a second cooling zone, a temper rolling means, and a chemical treatment means, said overaging zone and said low-temperature overaging zone being equipped with a bypass means for directly connecting the two zones with each other.
[0044] As shown in Fig. 8, the constitution of the plant line according to the second aspect of this invention is the same as that of the plant line shown in Fig. 1 except that a low-temperature overaging zone 8a is disposed before the secondary cooling zone 11 so that the galvanized steel strip S is first introduced into the low-temperature overaging zone 8a after passing through the intermediate cooling section 10 and then introduced into the secondary cooling zone 11, and the bypass 22 is so constituted that the steel strip S is directly passed from the overaging zone 8 to the low-temperature overaging zone 8a through the bypass in the case of producing a cold rolled steel sheet.
[0045] The reason for employing the low-temperature overaging zone 8a in the plant line is as follows:
The purpose of applying the overaging treatment in the continuous annealing of steel strip is to make harmless the carbon, which is retained in the ferrite phase of the steel structure during high-temperature soaking treatment by allowing it to precipitate during overaging treatment and the extent to which this purpose can be attained depends upon the overaging temperature, which is explained with reference to Fig. 10. As will be understood from the graph shown in Fig. 10, in the case of an overaging treatment at a relatively high temperature of,e.g. 460°C (Curve A), the amount of C in solid solution decreases to a certain value in a short period of time due to the high diffusibility of carbon at high temperature but thereafter the amount of C in solid solution reaches equilibrium at the high temperature and hence the amount of C in solid solution does not decrease further. On the other hand, in the case of holding the steel strip at a relatively low overaging temperature of, e.g., 300°C (Curve B), it takes a long period of time to precipitate the carbon in solid solution due to its slow diffusion at low temperature but since the overaging temperature is lower, the amount of C in solid solution at equilibrium is lower, so that the amount of C in solid solution in the structure of the steel strip decreases finally to a considerably low value.
[0046] In the plant line according to the first aspect of this invention, the overaging treatment before galvanizing the steel strip is performed at a high temperature since the plant according to this aspect of the invention is aimed at avoiding reheating of the overaged steel strip before galvanizing. Consequently, a somewhat large amount of carbon in solid solution remains ( CC] in Fig. 10) as a result of the overaging treatment as shown by Curve D in Fig. 10 and has considerable influence on the ductility of the steel sheet. In general, however, the quality required of a galvanized steel sheet is usually one grade lower than that of a cold rolled steel sheet. Therefore, the steel sheet can, for the most part, suffice as a galvanized steel sheet of deep drawing steel or high strength solid solution hardening steel, though this depends on the product application.
[0047] However, in the case of producing higher grade galvanizing steel sheet having excellent ductility, it is required to sufficiently carry out the overaging treatment. In the plant line according to the second aspect of this invention, a low-temperature overaging zone (secondary overaging zone) is provided for satisfying the foregoing requirement without reheating the overaged steel strip before the galvanizing treatment. Thus, the steel strip subjected to the high-temperature overaging treatment in the overaging zone is further subjected to a low-temperature overaging treatment after being galvanized, whereby the amount of carbon in solid solution can be decreased ( [C]2 in Fig. 10) as shown by Curve E. That is, the plant line according to the second aspect of this invention is suitable for producing higher grade galvanized steel sheets.
[0048] Thus, in the plant having the aforesaid feature, high-temperature overaging is applied to the steel strip at about 460°C in the overaging zone 8, the steel strip is galvanized in the galvanizing apparatus 9, and then after intermediate cooling, low-temperature overaging is applied to the steel strip at about 300°C by passing the steel strip through the low-temperature overaging zone 8a. Thus, deep drawing galvanized steel sheets and high strength solid solution hardening galvanized steel sheets having good ductility can be produced without need of a reheating step before galvanizing and without zinc pick-up by the hearth roll in the low-temperature overaging zone 8a.
[0049] Next, the plant according to the third aspect or third feature of this invention will be explained. This plant is a dual-purpose production plant for cold rolled steel sheets and galvanized steel sheets of high strength dual-phase steel comprising, successively disposed in series, a heating zone, a soaking zone, a primary cooling zone, a controlled cooling zone, a hot-dip galvanizing means, an intermediate rapid cooling means, a secondary cooling zone, a temper rolling means, and a chemical treatment means, said controlled cooling zone and said secondary cooling zone being equipped with a bypass means for connecting the two zones with each other.
[0050] The constitution of the plant is the same as that of the plant shown in Fig. 1 except that, as shown in Fig. 9, a controlled cooling zone 8b equipped with a cooling means such as a weak cooling gas jet cooler or cooling tube is employed in place of the overaging zone 8 in the plant shown in Fig. 1 and an intermediate rapid cooling section 1.05 is employed in place of the intermediate cooling section 10 in Fig. 1.
[0051] In the case of producing a cold rolled steel sheet of high strength dual-phase steel, a steel strip soaked to a temperature of , for example, Ac1 to Ac3 in the soaking zone 6 is rapidly cooled in a single operation to a temperature below the Ms temperature (the starting point of martensite transformation) in the primary cooling zone 7 to form a dual-phase structure in the steel strip, passed through the controlled cooling zone 8b and the secondary cooling zone 11, cooled to almost room temperature in the water cooling means 12, and then after being passed through a temper rolling mill 14, is coiled.
[0052] On the other hand, in the case of producing a high strength dual-phase hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, a steel strip from the soaking zone 6 is passed through the primary cooling zone 7 (see Fig. 1) the cooling means of which is kept inoperable, slowly cooled during passing through the controlled cooling zone 8b to enrich the carbon in 7-phase while maintaining γ-phase in the steel strip structure, and after being galvanized in the hot-dip galvanizing bath 9, is cooled in a single operation to a temperature below the Ms temperature at a cooling rate of 15 - 500°C/sec. in the intermediate rapid cooling section 105 to form a dual-phase structure.
[0053] The construction of the intermediate rapid cooling section 105 for attaining the cooling rate of 15 - 500°C/sec. is now explained. Practical means for use in the intermediate rapid cooling section 105 include a strong cooling type gas jet cooling system, a fog cooling system and a metal contact cooling system. The strong cooling type gas jet cooling system and fog cooling system have cooling rates in the range of about 15 - 500°C/sec., which is not excessively fast, and hence when such a cooling system is employed, no super-saturation of carbon in solid solution in the steel strip occurs and therefore the subsequent reheating or overaging treatment is not required.
[0054] The strong cooling type gas jet cooler is a gas jet cooling system employing a higher blowing pressure or a lower gas temperature than an ordinary gas jet cooler. In addition, in the case of producing a two-side galvanized steel sheet, air may be used as the "gas" in the cooling system but in the case of producing a one-side galvanized steel sheet, it is necessary to use an inert gas such as N2 gas for bright cooling. The fog cooling system is a cooling system for cooling a steel strip by blowing thereon a water-gas mixture. Since the cooling rate of the fog cooling system is higher than the foregoing gas jet cooler, the employment of the cooling system is advantageous , for the production of high strength dual-phase galvanized steel sheet but in this case, it is necessary to remove water from , the steel strip by means of a gas wiper, etc., so that the water drops blown onto the steel strip do not flow down into the galvanizing bath disposed under the cooling system. However, in the case of producing a one-side galvanized steel sheet, the employment of the fog cooling system is not preferred since the non-galvanized surface of the steel strip is oxidized by the water applied. A metal contact system can also be employed and since the system can perform bright cooling, it can be applied in the case of producing a one-side. galvanized steel sheet. Also, since the metal contact cooling system can produce a cooling rate higher than that of the strong cooling type gas jet cooler, it can be advantageously used for the production of a high strength dual-phase galvanized steel sheet.
[0055] In addition, in the case of producing galvanized steel sheets of high strength dual-phase steel using the plant according to the third aspect of this invention, it sometimes occurs that the cooling rate for the steel strip exceeds the prescribed cooling rate even in a natural cooling state while the steel strip is passed through the primary cooling zone (the cooling means of which is kept inoperative) and hence a heat retaining means such as an indirect electric resistance heating means may be provided in the primary cooling zone.
[0056] Also, by using a heat retaining means such as an indirect electric resistance heating means in the controlled cooling zone 8b, the cooling zone can be made to function as an overaging zone. Therefore, in this case the plant according to the third aspect of this invention can also be used as a dual-purpose production plant for cold rolled steel sheets and galvanized steel sheets of deep drawing steel and high strength solid solution hardening steel.
[0057] Now the production of cold rolled steel sheets and the production of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets by the plant of this invention will be explained in detail with reference to the following examples.
[0058] First, the production of a deep drawing cold rolled steel sheet by the plant according to the first aspect of this invention is explained.
[0059] A steel strip obtained by hot rolling aluminum killed steel, coiling at high temperature, and then cold rolling is cleaned by means of the electrolytic cleaning means 3 and passed through the entry looper 4, the heating zone 5 of the radiant tube type,wherein the steel strip is heated to a temperature above the recrystallizing temperature, and then through the soaking zone 6 equipped with a heat retaining means wherein the steel strip is heated to the aforesaid temperature above the recrystallizing temperature for longer than 10 sec. The steel strip is then cooled to about 450°C in a bright cooling atmosphere at a cooling rate of about 5 - 50°C/sec. in the primary cooling zone 7 equipped with a gas jet cooler, subjected to overaging for 1 - 3 minutes, for example 2 minutes, at a temperature in the range of about 450 - 300°C in the overaging zone 8, passed through the tunnel chamber 24 moved into position as a bypass as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, cooled to about 300°C at a cooling rate of about 5°C/sec. in the secondary cooling zone 1,1 equipped with a gas jet cooler, and then cooled to room temperature in the water cooling means 12. Thereafter, the steel strip is passed through the delivery looper 13, temper-rolled by the temper rolling mill 14, and then coiled by means of the coiler 21 after passing through the trimmer 15, the inspection means 18, the oil coater 19, and the shearing machine 20. Thus, a deep drawing cold rolled steel sheet is produced.
[0060] Next the case of producing a deep drawing hot-dip galvanized steel sheet by the same plant as above using the same starting material as above is explained.
[0061] In this case, the tunnel chamber 24 of the bypass 22 is removed as shown in Fig. 3 so that the steel strip is introduced into the secondary cooling zone 12 from the overaging zone 8 through the hot-dip galvanizing bath 9 and the intermediate cooling means 10. Furthermore, the secondary cooling zone 11, the trimmer 15 and the oil coater 19 are kept inoperable.
[0062] The cold rolled steel strip S continuously treated in the heating zone 5, the soaking zone 6 and the primary cooling zone 7 under the same conditions as above is passed through the overaging zone 8 to be overaged at 600 - 450°C,for example 460°C, for 1 - 3 minutes, for example 2 minutes, and then passed through the hot-dip galvanizing bath 9 of 450 - 500°C (e.g. 460°C) to be galvanized and then passed through the zero-spangling apparatus 103. The steel strip thus zero- spangled is cooled to about 350°C in the primary intermediate cooling section 101, cooled to about 300°C in the secondary intermediate section 102,passed through the secondary cooling zone 11 and then cooled to room temperature in the water-cooling means 12. The steel strip is then passed through the delivery looper 13, chrarate-coated in the chemical treatment section 16, and coiled by means of the coiler 21 after passing through the dryer 17 and the inspection means 18. Thus, a deep drawing chemically treated galvanized steel sheet having excellent mechanical properties, zinc coat adherence and corrosion resistance is obtained.
[0063] Also, by the same manner as above, cold rolled steel sheets and galvanized steel sheets of high strength solid solution hardening steel can be produced by the plant of this invention.
[0064] Next, the case of producing a higher grade deep drawing cold steel sheet having excellent ductility by the plant according to the second aspect of this invention will be explained. In this case, the overaging zone 8 is connected to the low-temperature overaging zone 8a through the bypass 22.
[0065] An aluminum-killed steel strip produced by hot rolling and cold rolling in an ordinary manner is sent to the heating zone 5 through the electrolytic cleaning means 3 and the entry looper 4, wherein the steel strip is heated to a temperature above the recrystallizing temperature, and then introduced into the soaking zone 6 wherein the steel strip is soaked for longer than 10 seconds at the same temperature as above. The steel strip is then introduced into the primary cooling zone 7, wherein it is cooled to about 450°C at a cooling rate of 5 - 50°C/sec in a bright cooling atmosphere, passed through the overaging zone 8 and the low-temperature overaging zone 8a to be overaged at about 450 - 300°C through both zones for about 1 - 3 minutes, for example 3 minutes, and passed through the cooling zone 11 and the water cooling means 12 to cool.to room temperature. The steel strip is then temper-rolled by the temper rolling mill 14 and coiled by means of the coiler 21 after passing through the trimmer 15, the inspection means 18, the oil coater 19 and the shearing machine 20. Thus,a higher grade deep drawing cold steel sheet havin excellent ductility is produced.
[0066] Next the method for producing a higher grade deep drawing galvanized steel sheet having excellent ductility by the same plant as above using the same starting material as above is explained. In this case, the bypass 22 is removed from the line.
[0067] The colde reduced steel strip of the same material as above passed through the heating zone 5 and the soaking zone 6 under the same conditions as above is cooled to about 600-450°C (e.g. 460°C) in the primary cooling zone 7, introduced into the overaging zone 8 wherein the steel strip is overaged for 1 - 3 minutes (e.g. 2. minutes),and then passed trhough a hot-dip galvanizing bath 9 at a temperature in the range of about 450-500°C (e.g.460°C). Then, immediately after leaving the galvanizing bath 9, the steel strip thus galvanized is passed through the alloying furnace 104, wherein the galvanized layer is alloyed at a temperature of about 500-600°C (e.g.550°C), cooled to about 300°C through the intermediate primary cooling section 101 and the intermediate secondary cooling section 102 of the intermediate cooling section 10, and then introduced to the low-temperature overaging zone 8a wherein it is low-tenperature overaged for a period shorter than 180 sec. for example 60 sec., at a temperature in the range of about 300-250°C.By the low-temperature overaging, not only does carbon in solid solution reach equilibrium at the low temperature and the steel strip obtain excellent . ductility, but also even the carbon dissolved in solid solution during the alloying treatment fully precipitates, whereby the degradation of the mechanical properties as a result of the alloying treatment can be prevented. Thereafter, the steel strip is cooled to room temperature through the secon dary cooling zone 11 and the water cooling zone 12, passed through the. delivery looper 13, chromate-coated in the chemical treatment means 16,and then coiled by the coiler 21 after passing through the dryer 17, the inspection means 18, and the shearing machine 20. Thus, a higher grade deep drawing chemically treated galvanized steel sheet having excellent machanical properties ( in particular ductility), zinc coat adherence and corrosion resistance can be produced.
[0068] By the same manner as above, higher grade cold rolled steel sheets and galvanized steel sheets of high strength solid solution hardening steel having excellent ductility can be produced.
[0069] Next, the operation of the plant according to the third aspect of this invention will be explained.
[0070] This plant is mainly used for the production of cold rolled steel sheets and galvanized steel sheets of high strength dual-phase steel. In the case of producing a cold rolled steel sheet, the controlled cooling zone 8b is connected to the secondary cooling zone 11 by the tunnel type chamber 24 as a bypass.
[0071] A cold reduced strip of 1 - 2 % Mn-steel produced in an ordinary manner is introduced into the heating zone 5 through the electrolytic cleaning means 3 and the entry looper 4, wherein the steel strip is heated to a temperature in the range from the Ac1 transformation temperature to the AC3 transformation temperature and is then introduced into the soaking zone 6 wherein it is soaked for longer than 20 sec. at the same temperature as above. Then, the steel strip is introduced into the primary cooling zone 7 wherein it is rapidly cooled in one operation to a temperature below the Ms temperature in a bright atmosphere at a cooling rate of about 5 - 50°C/sec., passed through the controlled cooling zone 8b, the bypass (tunnel chamber 24), the secondary cooling zone 11 and the water cooling means 12, whereby the steel strip is cooled to room temperature, is temper-rolled by the temper rolling machine 14, and is coiled by the coiler 21 after passing through the trimmer ; 15, the inspection means 18, and the shearing machine 20. Thus, a high strength dual-phase cold rolled steel sheet is produced.
[0072] The operation of producing a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet of the same quality as above is now explained.
[0073] The cold reduced steel strip of the same material as above is heated in the heating zone 5, soaked in the soaking zone 6 under the same conditions as above, and then passed through the primary cooling zone 7 and the controlled cooling zone 8b, wherein it is slowly cooled to a temperature of about 450 - 500°C at a cooling rate of lower than about 15°C/sec. during passage therethrough. The steel strip is immersed at a temperature of about 450 - 500°C in the hot-dip galvanizing bath 9 to be applied with a zinc coating, introduced into the intermediate rapid cooling section 105 wherein it is rapidly cooled to below the Ms temperature at a cooling rate of about 15 - 500°C/sec., cooled to room temperature through the secondary cooling zone 11 and the water cooling means 12, introduced into the chemical treatment means through the delivery looper 13 whereby it is subjected to a chemical treatment, and then coiled by the coiler 21 after passing through the dryer 17,the inspection means 18, and the shearing machine 20. Thus, a high strength dual-phase chemically treated galvanized steel sheet having excellent mechanical properties, zinc coat adherence and corrosion resistance is produced.
[0074] The advantages of the plant of this invention are as follows:
Since the plant of this invention functions both as a production line for cold rolled steel sheet and as a production line for hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, the cost of the plant and equipment can be reduced by about 30 - 40 % below that in the case of installing two separte lines. Also, fixed operating costs for labor and maintenance can be reduced.
[0075] By producing deep drawing hot-dip galvanized steel sheets using the plant of this invention, the production cost is reduced as compared with the case of using the conventional "post annealing" process composed of the four steps, namely hot-dip galvanzing,batch annealing, temper rolling and inspection. More specifically in the plant according to this invention, the overaging zone, temper rolling mill, and inspection section originally employed in a continuous annealing line for cold rolled steel sheets can be practically utilized and hence such deep drawing galvanized steel sheets can be produced in-line. As a result, the transportation cost is reduced, the loss of steel strip by coil handling is reduced to increase the yield for the product etc. and thus the production cost for products is reduced on the whole.
[0076] The zinc coat adherence of the galvanized steel sheets produced by the plant of this invention is superior to that of the sheets produced by the conventional "post annealing" process. Since in the conventional process, a steel strip is subjected to overaging after hot-dip galvanizing, there is a problem that alloying occurs at the interface between base iron of the steel strip and the galvanized layer to reduce the zinc coat adherence but, in the plant according to this invention, since the overaging is performed before the hot-dip galvanizing step, there is no risk of deteriorating the zinc coat adherence. This is particularly important for deep drawing hot-dip galvanized steel sheets which generally encounter severe deforming.
[0077] Since by the plant of this invention, the chemical treatment of the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is performed after temper rolling, there is no risk of breaking the chemically treated coating on the steel sheets by the temper rolling and hence any desired type of chemical treatment can be performed even for deep drawing galvanized steel sheets- This is a considerable advantage over the conventional "post annealing" process of producing deep drawing galvanized steel sheets wherein the temper rolling is performed after the chemical treatment.
[0078] In the plant of this invention, continuous annealing is employed in place of conventional batch annealing in the production of galvanized steel sheets and hence consistent product quality can be assured and the flatness of the products can be stabilized and improved. Also, in the case of producing a one-side galvanized steel sheet, surface defects on the non-galvanized surface of the steel sheet can be reduced to improve the surface quality of the product.
[0079] By the plant of this invention, the number of days required for producing products can be reduced as compared with the conventional "post annealing" process and hence the products can be produced and shipped quickly to greatly improve the service to customers.
[0080] By the plant of this invention,high strength dual-phase galvanized steel sheet can be produced as a new product without reducing productivity.
[0081] In a conventional continuous hot-dip galvanizing line, there is employed neither an ordinary slow cooling facility before galvanizing nor a rapid cooling facility directly after galvanizing and hence dual-phase galvanized steel sheets cannot be produced.
[0082] In the plant of this invention, the overaging zone or the controlled cooling zone through which the steel strip is passed before galvanizing is equipped with an intermediate controlled cooling means and also with an intermediate rapid cooling means and also with an intermediate rapid cooling means for rapidly cooling the steel strip directly after galvanizing, and hence the production of the high strength dual-phase galvanized steel sheets can be advantageously carried out.
1. A dual-purpose production plant for cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized
steel sheets comprising successively disposed in series, a heating zone, a soaking
zone, a primary cooling zone,an overaging zone equipped with a controlled cooling
facility, a hot-dip galvanizing means, an intermediate cooling means, a secondary
cooling zone, a temper rolling means, and a chemical treatment means, said overaging
zone and the secondary cooling zone being equipped with a bypass for directly connecting
the two zones with each other.
2. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein said heating zone is equipped
with a radiant tube type indirect heating means.
3. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein said primary cooling zone
is equipped with at least one of a gas jet cooling type cooling means and a metal
contact type cooling means.
4. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein said overaging zone is equipped
with a weak cooling gas jet cooling type cooling means or a cooling tube type cooling
means together with an indirect electric resistance heating means.
5. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the atmosphere in the zones
before the hot-dip galvanizing means is a reducing gas.
6. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein said intermediate cooling
means is a strong cooling gas jet cooler, a fog cooler, a metal contact cooler or
a combination thereof.
7. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least one of a zero-spangling
means and an alloying means is provided between said hot-dip galvanizing means and
said intermediate cooling means.
8. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein said hot-dip galvanizing means
is equipped with a one-side galvanizing means.
9./ The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein said bypass means is a movable
tunnel chamber connecting said overaging zone and said secondary cooling zone.
10. A dual-purpose production plant for cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized
steel sheets comprising successively disposed in series, a heating zone, a soaking
zone, a primary cooling zone, an overaging zone equipped with a controlled cooling
facility, a hot-dip galvanizing means, an intermediate cooling means, a low-temperature
overaging zone, a secondary cooling zone, a temper rolling means, and a chemical treatment
means, said overaging zone and said,low-temperature overaging zone being equipped
with a bypass means for connecting the two zones with each other.
11. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 10 wherein said heating zone is equipped
with a radiant type intermediate heating means.
12. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 10 wherein said primary cooling zone
is equipped with at least one of a gas jet cooling type cooling means and a metal
contact type cooling means.
13. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 10 wherein said overaging zone is equipped
with a weak cooling gas jet cooling type or cooling tube type cooling means together
with an indirect electric resistance heating means.
14. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 10 wherein the atmosphere in the zones
before said hot-dip galvanizing means is a reducing gas.
15. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 10 wherein said intermediate cooling
means is a rapid cooling means comprising a strong cooling gas jet cooler, a fog cooler,
a metal contact cooler, or a combination thereof.
16. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 10 wherein at least one of a zero-spangling
means and an alloying means is provided between said hot-dip galvanizing means and
said intermediate cooling means.
17. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 10 wherein said hot-dip galvanizing
means is equipped with a one-side galvanizing means.
18. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 10 wherein said bypass means is a movable
tunnel chamber connecting said overaging zone and said low-temperature overaging zone.
19. A dual-purpose production plant for cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized
steel sheets comprising successively disposed in series, a heating zone, a soaking
zone, a primay cooling zone, a controlled cooling zone, a hot-dip galvanizing means,
an intermediate rapid cooling means, a secondary cooling zone, a temper rolling means,
and a chemical treatment means, said controlled cooling zone and said secondary cooling
zone being equipped with a movable bypass means connecting the two zones with each
other.
20. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 19 wherein said heating zone is equipped
with a radiant type indirect heating means.
21. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 19 wherein said primary cooling zone
is equipped with at least one of a gas jet cooling type cooling means and a metal
contact type cooling means.
22. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 19 wherein said controlled cooling
zone is equipped with an indirect electric resistance heating means together with
a weak cooling gas jet cooling type or cooling tube type cooling means.
23. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 19 wherein said intermediate rapid
cooling means comprises a strong cooling gas jet cooler, a fog cooler, a metal contact
cooler, or a combination thereof.
24. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 19 wherein at least one of zero-spangling
means and an alloying means is provided between said hot-dip galvanizing means and
said intermediate rapid cooling means.
25. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 19 wherein said hot-dip galvanizing
means is equipped with a one-side hot-dip galvanizing means.
26. The dual-purpose plant as claimed in claim 19 wherein said bypass means is a movable
tunnel chamber connecting said controlled cooling zone and said secondary cooling
zone.