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(11) | EP 0 078 052 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
PAL digital video signal processing arrangement Digitale Anordnung zur Verarbeitung eines PAL Videosignals Dispositif de traitement numérique de signal vidéo PAL |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
Background of the invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a processing arrangement for a PAL digital video signal, and more particularly to an arrangement for processing a digital color subcarrier carrying chrominance signals such as U and V signals into which the color subcarrier is sampled on a discrete time base.
[0002] A PAL composite video signal contains a luminance (Y) signal, (B-Y) color difference (U) signal and a (R-Y) color difference (V) signal, and especially, the U and V signals are simultaneously carried by a color subcarrier which is joined in the Y signal.
[0003] In general, a color video signal containing the Y signal and the color subcarrier is sampled at a rate, which is, for example, three, four or more times as much as a subcarrier frequency, to produce a digital color video signal. Such the digital color video signal is often used for various processing. With a digital video special effect system, for example, a video image is compressed and magnified under such digital processing. Digitalization of the television signal may facilitate the video signal to be stored, read out and delayed in stable with desired characteristics. It is often the case to select a sampling rate for digitalization of the video signal which is, for example, four times as much as the color subcarrier frequency.
[0004] In this case of the sampling rate-equal to four times the subcarrier frequency, a sampling axis is preferably set to ±1 and ±Q axes on a color vector plane for the NTSC video signal, and for the PAL video signal to ±U and ±V axes.
[0005] EP-A-33 607 and "FKTG - Tagungsband der 9. Jahrestagung vom 21.-24. September 1981 in Ulm-Vortrag 23 von M. Jacobsen, W. Wettersback: Bildverbesserung durch prozessor- gesteuerte digitale Signalverarbeitung im PAL - Farbfernsehempfänger, pp 429―457" both disclose such a PAL video signal processor comprising converter means for converting a color subcarrier into a digital signal, said digital signal being sampled at sampling points associated with ±U and ±V axes on a color vector plane.
[0006] In a PAL digital video signal, especially, in a digitized PAL color subcarrier, the sequence of samples is associated with the V, U, -V, -U axes and so on while the PAL video signal has not yet been encoded for broadcasting.
[0007] In the modulation of PAL system for broadcasting, the phase of the V signal, i.e. the (R-Y) color difference signal is inverted from one to another horizontal line. Therefore, when the sequence of samples on one line is aligned by V, U, -V, -U axes and so on, the sequence of samples on the succeeding line is aligned by -V, U, V, -U axes and so on.
[0008] In the PAL system, furthermore, the relationship
is established between the subcarrier frequency fsc and the horizontal synchronous frequency fH so that each line includes 283,7516 subcarriers. When such the PAL color video signal is sampled at the rate equal to four times the subcarrier frequency, each line contains 1135,0064 (=283,7516x4) samples. Since the decimal fraction is so small as to be negligible, it may thus be considered that each line ultimately contains 1,135 samples or numbers of digital data, which number is an odd number. Consequently, the sequence of samples on one line starts with V, U, -V, -U axes and so on, and ends with the series of V, U and -V axes. That is, it ends with the -V axis so that a sampling point associated with the next -U axis will be involved in the successive line. In this manner, one sample is shifted from one line to the succeeding line. In addition, with the PAL system, modulation axes for V signals are inverted between successive lines as described above, resulting in losing correspondence in arrangement of samples between two successive lines.
[0009] The above-mentioned characteristics of the PAL system gives rise to preventing direct arithmetic operations on digitally sampled data, such as addition, subtraction, averaging, etc., between successive lines. Rather than direct operations, a color decoder was conventionally used to restore original V and U signals, which are in turn operated on various kinds of processing. Such provision of the color decoder results in complicating the circuit configuration and deteriorating the video information.
Summary of the invention
[0010] It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a PAL digital video signal processing arrangement for converting a digitized color subcarrier into the form susceptible of direct arithmetic operations between successive lines without employing a color decoder circuit.
[0012] In accordance with the present invention, a PAL digital. video signal processing arrangement makes a conversion in such a manner that digital data associated with a ±V axis involved in a sample sequence of one line are coincident with those of the preceding line, in consideration of the feature of inversion in modulation axis for the V signal between successive lines.
Brief description of the drawings
[0013] The objects and features of the invention will become more apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description on the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1A shows modulation axes on a color vector plane for each sampling point on an n-th line, when the PAL color subcarrier is sampled at a rate equal to four times the subcarrier frequency thereof;
-Figure 1B is a figure similar Figure 1A and shows the modulation axes on the color vector plane with respect to an (n+1)-th line;
Figure 1C depicts the inversion of the sampling points associated with V and -V axes on a color vector plane in the sequence of samples shown in Figure 1B;
Figure 2 shows a schematic block diagram of a prior art circuit arrangement for averaging data on two adjacent lines;
Figure 3 illustrates a schematic block diagrm of an embodiment in accordumce with the present invention, in which digital data associated with V and -V axes on the color vector plane are inverted in its polarity;
Figure 4 depicts a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the preseht invention, in which an average value is derived between adjacent lines; and
Figure 5 illustrates a modification of the embodiment shown in Figure 4.
Description of the preferred embodiments
[0014] Figures 1A and 1 B show modulation axes of sampling points of two successive lines of the PAL color subcarrier, when the PAL video signal is sampled at a rate equal to four times as much as the subcarrier frequency thereof. In Figure 1A, a sequence of samples on an n-th line is shown with the modulation axes of V, U, -V, -U, .... , V, U, and -V. Figure 1B shows another sequence of samples on an (n+1)th line with the modulation axes of -U, -V, U, V, -U, .... , -V and U. As clearly be seen in Figures 1A and 1B, the modulation axes of sampling points are completely different in alignment between two adjacent lines, and thus successive lines. This makes it understandable to fail to arithmetic- operate directly on two data between successive lines. Figure 1C shows that the sampling points associated with ±V axes on an (N+1)-th line are inverted in its polarity. As can be seen from the figures, direct arithmetic operation on adjacent two lines would be possible if the signal shown in Figure 1C is shifted by one sample, which would be the same as those of Figure 1A. In Figures 1A, 1B and 1 C, the magnitude of the U signal is assumptively illustrated to be larger than that of the V signal.
[0015] A prior art exemplary circuit arrangement shown in Figure 2 averages data involved in two adjacent lines. In this figure, an input signal Av, which contains only the color subcarrier, i.e., never contains the Y signal, is converted into a digital PAL color subcarrier Dv in an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 1. If the input signal contains the Y signal, a luminance/chrominance (Y/C) separator should be provided between the AID converter and a following decoder 10, and only the separated chrominance signal i.e., the color subcarrier containing the U and V signals is supplied to the decoder 10. In this specification, however, only the chrominance signal is considered as the input signal. Back to Figure 2, the digital color subcarrier Dv is converted by a decoder 10 into the digital U signal and the digital V signal, each consists of parallel bits. The digital U and V signals are transmitted to averaging circuits each including a 1 H delay 11, and adder 12 and a 1/2 coefficient circuit 13, respectively. An encoder 14 receives the averaged U and V signals and produces digital signals Dv' similar to the original digital color subcarrier Dy. If the direct arithmetic operation can be made on data involved in successive lines, then the decoder 10, the averaging circuit and the encoder 14 would not be required.
[0016] Now with reference to Figure 3, showing an embodiment of the present invention, an input signal Av containing only a color subcarrier, in this case, is converted by an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 1 into a digital color subcarrier, i.e., eight parallel bits of digital data Dv which are in turn transmitted to an adder 3 through exclusive OR gates 2a to 2h. The polarity of the digital color subcarrier expressed by the digital data Dv is inverted by combination circuitry of exclusive OR gates 2a to 2h with the adder 3.
[0017] In general, an offset binary representation is often used for a signal format of digital data in the case of converting a signal having positive and negative polarities. In this format, the binary, representation "11111111" corresponds to a peak in positive polarity of the signal, the representation "0000000-1" to a peak in negative polarity, and the representation "10000000" to zero. In the illustrative embodiment, an eight-bit digital representation for the digital data is used. A two's complement may therefore be produced in order to invert the polarity of the signal. More specifically, the entire bits of the digital data are inverted and added by a binary "1" of the least significant bit (LSB). This is accomplished in the illustrative embodiment of Figure 3 in such a manner that exclusive OR gates 2a to 2h invert the whole bits of the digital data, and the adder 3 adds the LSB "1":
Timing indicating V and -V axes in the sequence of samples is generated by a flip-flop (F/F) 4, which receives a clock CL having a frequency of four times as much as the subcarrier frequency and also receives the subcarrier Sg as a clear input. Those subcarrier Sg and clock CL are produced in association with the burst signal contained in the input signal Av. The flip-flop 4 has an output Q connected in common to the other inputs of the exclusive OR gates 2a to 2h as well as the LSB input of the adder 3. The output Q derived from the flip-flop 4 is alternately inverted in the polarity in response to the clock CL thus provided, and is synchronous with every four samples, i.e., the one cycle period of the subcarrier, in the sequence of samples of the digital data delivered from the ananlog-to-digital converter 1, due to reception of the subcarrier Sg as the clear input.
[0018] The phase of the subcarrier Sg as the clear input of the flip-flop 4 is initially registrated so as to make the flip-flop produce the output Q in the timing of the ±V axis. Such the registration is performed by that, for example, only the V signal carried by the color subcarrier is supplied to the A/D converter 1 as the input signal Av and then the phase of the subcarrier Ss is registrated to derive the output "1" from the adder 3.
[0019] Resultantly, at the sampling points associated with V and -V axes, the exclusive OR gates 2a to 2h invert the polarity of the signal, and the adder 3 adds the LSB "1" to the output of the exclusive OR gates. At the output from the adder 3, the color subcarrier represented by the digital data is produced in which V and -V axes of the input color subcarrier have respectively been converted into -V and V axes. As a result, the digital color subcarrier Dv' in which the polarity of V and -V axes are inverted is derived from the outputs of the adder 3.
[0020] It is to be appreciated that while the digital color subcarrier Dv which containing the U and V signals have been applied to the embodiment shown in Figure 3, as another possible modification, the digital V signal extracted from the digital color subcarrier Dv may be applied to the same configuration of Figure 3 including the exclusive OR gates 2a to 2h and the adder 3.
[0021] Figure 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention in which the conversion circuitry shown in Figure 3 is utilized as an arithmetic circuitry for directly averaging two data involved in two adjacent lines. An analog-to-digital converter 1 has a digitized color subcarrier Dv connected via a 1H delay 5 to the V and -V axes inverting circuitry shown in Figure 3. The ±V axis inverted signal Dv' is added by another adder 7 to the signal Dv delivered from the analog-to-digital converter 1 through a one-sample delay 6 which delays the signal Dy by one sampling period of time. A coefficient circuit 8 multiplies the digital data from the adder 7 by a coefficient 1/2 to produce an averaged resultant digital video signal. The aforementioned circuit configuration eliminates the necessity of complicated decoding circuitry for restoring the digital data at the ±V. axis to the original U and V signals thereof, and facilitates the direct arithmetic operation on two data between successive lines. In Figure 4, the input signal Av also contains only the color subcarrier but not the Y signal.
[0022] Figure 5 shows modification of the embodiment shown in Figure 4. In Figure 5, an analog PAL composite signal which contains both the Y signal and the chrominance signal is supplied to an A/D converter 1 so that a Y/C separator 15 is provided after the A/D converter 1. The following process for the chrominance signal is equal to the embodiment of Figure 4. Furthermore, an averaging circuitry for the Y signal which includes a 1H delay 16, an adder 17 and a 1/2 coefficient circuit 18 is supplied in the modification.
[0023] It may be noted that although a direct addition and a subtraction have been made between two adjacent lines in the form of an analog signal Av in a PAL system television receiver, in the present invention, the arithmetic operation is advantageously made in the form of the digital signal Dv so as to establish a much more accurate and precise signal processing that satisfies the requirements under the broadcasting standards.
[0024] In accordance with the present invention, as discussed above, the polarity inversion of the ±V axis of the PAL digital video signal is accomplished by the relatively simpler circuit configuration, and the arithmetic operation on successive lines is therefore achieved without employing the conventional color decoder circuit.
a) means (4) for generating a timing signal associated with the ±V axis; and
b) inverter means (2a-2h, 3) responsive to said timing signal for inverting the polarity of said digital signal at the sampling points associated with the ±V axis.
a) a plurality of exclusive OR gates (2a-2h) each for receiving each of the parallel bits and the timing signal; and
b) means (3) for adding the timing signal as the least significant bit to the outputs of said plurality of exclusive OR gates (2a-2h).
a) first means (5) for delaying said digitized color subcarrier by one horizontal scanning period;
b) means (2a-2h, 3) for inverting the polarity of the delayed digitized color subcarrier delivered from said delaying means (5) at the sample points associated with the ±V axis;
c) second means (6) for delaying said digitized color subcarrier by one sample period; and
d) means (7, 8) for averaging the inverted digitized color subcarrier delivered from said inverting means (2a-2h, 3) and the second delayed digitized color subcarrier delivered from said second delaying means (6).
a) un moyen (4) pour générer un signal de synchronisation associé à l'axe ±V; et
b) un moyen d'inverseur (2a-2h, 3) sensible au signal de synchronisation pour inverser la polarité du signal numérique aux points d'échantillonnage associés à l'axe ±V.
a) une pluralité de portes OU Exclusif (2a-2h), chacune destinée à recevoir chacun des bits en parallèle et le signal de synchronisation; et
b) un moyen (3) pour additionner le signal de synchronisation comme bit de poids faible aux sorties de la pluralité de portes OU Exclusif (2a-2h).
a) un premier moyen (5) pour retarder la sous-porteuse de couleur numérisée d'une période de balayage horizontal;
b) un moyen (2a-2h, 3) pour inverser la polarité de la sous-porteuse de couleur numérisée retardée, fournie à partir du moyen de retard (5) aux points d'échantillonnage associés à l'axe ±V;
c) un second moyen (6) pour retarder la sous-porteuse de couleur numérisée d'une période d'échantillon; et
d) un moyen (7, 8) pour faire la moyenne de la sous-porteuse de couleur numérisée inversée provenant du moyen d'inversion (2a-2h, 3) et de la seconde sous-porteuse de couleur numérisée retardée provenant d'un second moyen de retard (6).
a) eine Einrichtung (4) zum Erzeugen eines mit der ±V-Achse verknüpften Zeitsignals; und
b) eine auf das Zeitsignal ansprechende Invertiereinrichtung (2a-2h, 3) zum Invertieren der Polarität des digitalen Signals an den mit der ±V-Achse verknüpften Abtastpunkten.
a) mehrere Exklusiv-ODER-Gatter (2a-2h), die jeweils jeden der Parallelbits und das Zeitsignal empfangen, und
b) eine Einrichtung (3) zum Addieren des Zeitsignals als niedrigstwertiges Bit zu den Ausgängen der mehreren Exklusiv-ODER-Gatter (2a-2h).
a) eine erste Einrichtung (5) zum Verzögern des digitalisierten Farbhilfsträgers um eine horizontale Abtastperiode;
b) eine Einrichtung (2a-2h, 3) zum Invertieren der Polarität des von der Verzögerungseinrichtung (5) zugeführten verzögerten digitalisierten Farbhilfsträgers an den mit der ±V-Achse verknüpften Abtastpunkten;
c) eine zweite Einrichtung (6) zum Verzögern des digitalisierten Farbhilfsträgers um eine Abtastperiode; und
d) eine Einrichtung (7, 8) zum Mitteln der von der Invertiereinrichtung (2a-2h, 3) zugeführten invertierten digitalisierten Farbhilfsträgers und des von der zweiten Verzögerungseinrichtung (6) zugeführten zweiten verzögerten digitalisierten Farbhilfsträgers.