[0001] The present invention relates generally to offshore production equipment and in particular
to motion compensating apparatus for use on a floating platform for supporting a marine
riser extending to the platform from the ocean floor.
[0002] In performing both drilling and production operations on an offshore well, it is
necessary to provide a riser connection between the sea floor and a surface facility
to provide a stable conduit through which a drill string, production fluids and electrical
power may be conveyed between the ocean floor and the surface facility. The surface
facility may be a tanker, a drill ship, a barge, a floating platform or a platform
which is fixed to the ocean floor. The riser must be supported at or near the water
surface to prevent collapse. This is easily accomplished when the surface facility
is a platform which is fixed to the ocean floor, but a more difficult problem is presented
when the water depth is 30 great that the surface facility must be floating and hence
is not stationary.
[0003] In regard to risers which are connected to floating structures, substantial forces
act on the riser which, if not properly compensated for, will result in its failure.
Of particular concern is the excessive strain which is applied to the riser as the
result of upward and down and heave motions of the vessel in response to wave action.
Additionally, the riser is subjected to considerable stress induced by water currents
which pass around the riser bui which have no particular detrimental effect on the
platform. In this situation, the riser string tends to be distorted as it is displaced
laterally in one or more directions in response to the underwater currents. A further
problem associated with supporting a production riser from a vessel such as a floating
platform or the like is the bending stress induced in the riser by the roll and pitch
of the vessel. The combination of the induced bending stress and the compressive forces
which are exerted by the support vessel in response to wave action will cause rapid
destruction of the riser unless the destructive effects are compensated or offset
in some way.
[0004] Riser tensioner systems have been developed for offshore drilling and production
activities to compensate for the rise and fall of a floating platform. Such tensioner
systems have commonly comprised hydraulic compensating cylinders connected by cables
to the riser at symmetrically arranged tie points. In the course of their travel from
cylinders to a riser, the cables pass over one or more sheaves and hence are subject
to wear. It thus bscomes necessary to periodically adjust the cables so that unworn
portions of the cable are shifted to the sheave locations and from time to time the
cables must be replaced, typically at thirty day intervals. To make this cable replacement
and cylinder repair possible, a duplicate riser tensioner system with independent
riser connections has normally been installed as a backup. Such an arrangement could
be used on a floating production platform, but the cable wear problem is more pronounced
because the productive life of the well is substantially longer than the typical drilling
time of the well. Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a riser tensioner system
in which the cable replacement problem is eliminated.
[0005] The problem of bending stresses induced by roll and pitch movements of the vessel
have been minimized in the past by designing special support vessels and platforms
which do not react significantly to wind and wave action, and also by limiting the
water depth in which these vessels operate. Other approaches have attempted to decouple
detrimental ship motions by providing a reliable riser connection which will tend
to minimize the rigidity of the riser structure attachment to the surface vessel.
The pitch and roll of the

to the angle associated with maximum horizontal excursion of the production riser
due to the ocean current result in excessively high bending stresses in the riser
at the point of attachment unless these forces are decoupled in some way.
[0006] The most common solution to the elimination of excessively high bending stresses
in the riser at the point of attachment is the provision of a riser pin connection
with the surface vessel. Other arrangements have utilized a two axis gimbal connection.
The use of pin and gimbal connection arrangements has been limited generally to relatively
short lengths of production risers operating in relatively calm waters. However, as
the search for petroleum resources advances into deeper waters requiring increased
length of production risers and where more severe wave action induces higher roll,
pitch and heave reactions in the support vessel, it becomes imperative to provide
improved connection means for minimizing the bending action induced in the production
riser string while also minimizing the axial stresses induced into the riser string
by the upward and downward heave motions of the support vessel.
[0007] It is an object of the present Invention to provide a marine riser tensioner system
in which cables and sheaves are not utilized.
[0008] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a load supporting resilient
bearing apparatus for minimizing the bending stresses induced into a pipe string by
the pitching and rolling movements of a floating vessel from which the pipe string
is supported.
[0009] According to an important aspect of the invention, the invention may be practiced
in combination with a floating platform or vessel of the type including a deck and
having a well opening extending through the deck to provide access to the ocean beneath
the platform. The invention is embodied in motion compensating apparatus which includes
displaceable means engageable between the deck of the vessel and the pipe string and
operable for varying the distance between the vessel and the pipe string. Passive
means are coupled to the displaceable means for operating the displaceable means to
maintain a positive lifting force on the pipe string as the vessel is displaced vertically
relative to the pipe string. A resilient bearing member is disposed intermediate the
vessel and the displaceable means with the resilient - bearing member being coupled
in supporting engagement with the displaceable means for permitting angular displacement
of the vessel relative to the pipe string in response to roll and pitch movements
imparted to the vessel by wave action, while reacting both radial and axial loads.
[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the displaceable means comprises a linear hydraulic actuator
which includes a cylindrical housing and a cylindrical piston having a first end or
rod portion for attachment to the pipe string and a second end or head portion movably
disposed in the housing and defining a fluid pressure chamber that changes in volume
as the piston is displaced relative to the housing. Accumulator means are connected
in fluid communication with the pressure chamber for supplying hydraulic fluid to
and for receiving hydraulic fluid from the pressure chamber in response to changes
in its volume. A source of compressed gas is connected in .fluid communication with
the accumulator means for maintaining the hydraulic working fluid under pressure in
the chamber as the platform rises and falls in response to tidal or wave movements
of the ocean. Hydraulic fluid leakage past the primary piston and rod portion seals
or packings is conducted through separate fluid lines to a low pressure fluid reservoir.
Seal leakage is monitored by pressure switches and associated indicators connected
to the leakage flow return lines.
[0011] According to another important aspect of the invention, the aforementioned resilient
bearing member comprises an annular section of a substantially spherical laminated
body of superposed layers-of an elastic material and of a relatively inelastic material
for reacting radial and axial loads. Thus the resilient bearing member cooperates
with the displaceable means to relieve axial stresses as well as decoupling bending
moments.
[0012] In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the hydraulic actuator comprises a
cylinder member or housing projecting through a central opening of the resilient bearing
member and having an annular piston slidably disposed within the housing. The annular
volume intermediate the piston and housing defines a fluid pressure chamber which
changes in volume with

of the piston relative to the housing so that the piston and the riser. which is attached
to the piston- is suported on an annular column of hydraulic fluid. One important
advantage of the piston and cylinder arrangement is that the high pressure hydraulic
fluid supply lines are connected to the member or housing cylinder and therefore are
normally not required to move and flex as the piston is extended and retracted, thereby
improving the reliability of the system. However, in the event of high pressure fluid
supply line breakage, fluid is prevented from being lost through the broken lines
by an improved arrangement of back to back pilot operated check valves of the so called
velocity fuse type. A further advantage of the abeventioned piston and cylinder arrangement
is that drill tybing other production equipment may pass directly through the piston
of the actuator and through the central opening of the resilient bearing member for
direct connection to a diverter assembly or to the other production equipment without
the interference associated with the complex cables and sheave arrangements of prior
art tensioner systems.
[0013] The foregoing as well as other objects, advantages and features of the invention
will hereinafter become apparent to those skilled in the art, and for purposes of
illustration, but not of limitation, an exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown
in the various views of the appended drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is an elevation view of motion compensating apparatus embodying the present
invention in association with a floating production platform;
Figure 2 is an enlarged front elevation view, with parts shown in longitudinal section,
of the motion compensating apparatus of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a sectional view of a portion of the resilient bearing member of the motion
compensating apparatus taken along the Line 3-3 of Figure 1, and
Figure 4 is a graphi illustration of the relationship between

by the motion compensating apparatus with

position.
[0014] Referring now to Figure 1, the motion compensating apparatus of the present invention
is indicated generally at 10 and is mounted on the deck 12 of a surface facility such
as a floating oil well production platform indicated generally at 14. The surface
facility 14 has an opening 16, extending through the deck 12, to provide access to
a production riser 18 extending thereto from the ocean floor 20. It will be apparent
to those skilled in the art that the surface facility 14 is not limited to a floating
platform but may be any such floating structure such as a drill ship, a tanker, or
a barge. However, for purposes of illustration of the invention, the motion compensating
apparatus will be described in connection with a floating platform. It should also
be appreciated that the motion compensating apparatus 10 has utility for use in connection
with drilling, servicing or production operations in which a marine riser is employed.
[0015] The deck 12 is supported above the surface 22 of the ocean by means of a plurality
of downwardly extending controllably buoyant members or legs 24 which maintain the
deck 12 at a desired elevation above the ocean surface 22. The buoyant members 24
have sufficient tank capacity that the deck 12 can be raised or lowered as desired
by use of a suitable control system for transporting the structure at minimum draft
while in transit or for positioning it at a working draft over a production site.
While not shown in detail, the respective buoyant members 24 are further provided
with an interconnecting truss structure 26 and other necessary understructure for
stabilizing the platform. To further stabilize the floating platform 14, a plurality
of mooring lines and anchors (not shown) may be provided for holding the platform
over a production site 23. An example of such an arrangement is illustrated in U.S.
Patent 3,983,706,
[0016] Basic wellhead equipment 30 is shown imbedded in the ocean floor 20 beneath the platform
14. The production riser 18 expends from the wellhead equipment 30 to a conventional
marine riser

which is provided with flex joints and integral choke and kill

usual christmas tree arrangement and control member. although not shown, may also
be included in the wellhead equivalent 30 to control the production operation insofar
as production fluid flow is

The lower and of the riser 18 is preferably pivotally

allow for a limited amount of relative movement at the platform 14 is subjected to
some lateral displacement from is desired location above the production site 28.
[0017] The production riser is typically comprises a numbe of elongated tubular members
connected end to end and having sufficient diameter to enclose drill tubing and to
conduct drilling mud. A typical cross-section dimension of the riser is sixteen inches
O.D. with one-half inch wall thickness. For production operations it is used for conveying
crude oil

the wellhead equipment 30 to the platform is where it is discharged into a reservoir
carried by the platform or into a tanker (notshown) lying alongside.
[0018] As discussed above, prior art marine riser structures are subject to buckling forces
induced by the heaving action of the floating platform 14 and are also subject to
bending moments induced by the roll and pitch movements of the platform. The harmful
effects of the binding moment and buckling forces are intensified when the platfcrm
14 is laterally displaced excessively, and subjected to extreme vertical movement
due to severe weather conditions on the water surface, for example. These problems
are overcome in the present invention by the provision of the motion compensating
apparatus 10 which includes a resilient bearing member 38 which reacts both radial
and axial loads and decouples the roll and pitch movements of the fleating vessel
with respect to the production riser 18. and by the provision of a linear hydraulic
actuator assembly 40 which is connected to a pneumo-hydraulic accumulator for maintaining
hydraulic working fluid under pressure in the actuator assembly as the platform heaves
and falls in response to wave movements of the sea. According to this arrangement,
the production riser 18 is supported of a column of pressurised hydraulic fluid whose
volume varies in proportion to the displacement of the floating platform 14 relative
to

of the production riser 18.
[0019] The construction details of the motion compensating apparatus 10 are illustrated
in Figure 2 of the drawing. The linear hydraulic actuator assembly 40 includes a cylinder
member comprising a housing 44 having a first open end portion 46 suitably connected
to an annular collar 48. The collar 48 includes a cylindrical mounting flange portion
which is bolted to a mounting weldment or ring 50 of the resilient bearing member
38. The actuator assembly 40 includes a cylindrical annular piston member 52 which
is concentrically disposed for extension and retraction within the housing 44. The
piston member 52 has a tubular piston rod portion 53 of relatively smaller diameter
than the bore 54 of housing 44, thereby defining an annular pressure chamber 55 which
changes in volume as the piston is displaced along the longitudinal axis of the housing.
The piston 52 includes a head 58 formed as a separate part which is threadedly connected
to the upper end of the rod 53. The piston head 58 includes primary seals or packings
56 and secondary packings 60 which are disposed in annular grooves formed in the head
for sliding engagement with the cylinder bore 54. A circumferential fluid leakage
flow groove 57 is formed in the head 58 between the packings 56 and 60 and is in communication
with an elongated passages 61 formed in the rod portion 53. The passage 61 may be
formed as a groove in the rod portion 53 which is closed by a sleeve 63 disposed over
the outer diameter of the rod portion as shown. The passage 61 is in communication
with a flexible leakage flow return line 65 by way of a suitable fitting, as shown.
[0020] The piston rod portion 53 extends through an end cap 62 threadedly secured to the
lower end 64 of the housing 44 and is in fluid sealing engagement with primary seals
or packings 67 and secondary packings 66. An annular groove 69 is formed in the inner
bore wall of the cap 62 for conducting primary packing leakage fluid to a flexible
return line 84. The cylinder end cap 62 is threadedly connected to the lower end 64
of the housing 44 in sealing engagement therewith.
[0021] The piston 52 is displaceable along the longitudinal axis of the housing 44 and is
slidable with respect to an elongated tubular sleeve 68 which is concentrically disposed
within the piston and suitably secured to the annular collar 48. Also secured to the
collar

a corresponding connector

diverter assembly (not shown). Connection to the opposite and of the motion compensating
apparatus is provided by a connector portion 72 threadedy secured to the lower end
of the piston red 53, The connector 72 is adapted to be connected to the user connector
32. The piston 52 and sleeve 68 cooperate to form an central passage extending through
the apparatus 10 from the connector 70 to the connector 72.
[0022] The linear hydraulic actuator assembly 40 is supported from the deck 12 cf the floating
platform 14 by the resilient bearing member 38 which is disposed in load supporting
relation intermediate the deck 12 and the annular cellar assembly 48. The bearing
member 38 is an annular section of a substantially spherical laminated body of superposed
layers of an elastic material 74 and of a relatively inelastic material 76 as can
best be seen in Figure 3 of the drawing. The laminated body is interposed between
the mounting ring 50 and a supporting base member 51 disposed on the deck 12. A central,
somewhat conical shaped passage 15 is formed axially through the bearing member 38
for receiving the cellar 48 whereby the actuator 40 extends downwardly through the
bearing member and the deck 12.
[0023] The purpose of the resilient bearing member 38 is to permit angular displacement
of the floating platform 14 with respect to the hydraulic aactuator assembly 40 and
the riser 18 and, in particular, to decouple the bending moment forces which would
otherwise be imparted to the riser 18 as the platform 14 rolls and pitches in response
tc wave movements of the sea. The elastic layer 74 is preferably formed of an elastomer
material such as rubber and the relatively inelastic layer 76 is preferably formed
of a metal such as steel which in combination are capable of supporting a working
compressive load in excess of the production riser weight. The resilient bearing member
33 can react axial as well as radial loads, thereby cooperating' with the linear actuator
assembly 40 to relieve stresses induced by heaving and lateral displacement of the
platform 11. In a preferred ambodiment, the resilient bearing member 38 is designed,
to support an axially applied, load of 350,000 pounds and is able tc withstand a full
plus or minus seven degree rotation about a radial

cycles. The spring constant of the resilient bearing member 38 can be varied somewhat
by increasing or decreasing the amount of resilient material in the layer 74.
[0024] According to a preferred embodiment of the linear hydraulic actuator assembly 40,
it is designed to exert a force of 350,000 pounds at a hydraulic fluid pressure of
2,200 psi. The maximum recommended operating pressure is 2,650 psi. The cylindrical
housing member 44 and piston 52 are preferably constructed from a low carbon steel
which is suitable for low temperature service. The piston 52 preferably has a maximum
stroke of 18 feet and is adapted to be driven at a rate of 0.6 feet per second. The
force, stroke and displacement rate may, of course, vary according to the requirements
of a particular application.
[0025] The annular fluid pressure chamber 55 is supplied with hydraulic fluid by a pump
92 and an accumulator assembly 42 through a flexible supply line or hose 80. High
pressure working fluid is preferably conveyed through multiple runs of hydraulic hoses
80 to provide redundancy, although only one hose is shown in the drawing figures.
The hoses 80 are preferably provided with back to back flow rate limiting or velocity
fuse type check valves 78 and 79 as shown schematically in Figure 2. The valves 78
and 79 are operable to close in response to a break in the line 80 to prevent fluid
from escaping from the chamber 55 or from being totally discharged from the supply
circuit including the pump 92 and accumulator assembly 42. A manually operable valve
81 is connected across check valve 78 for repressurizing a repaired or replaced hose
so that the valve 78 may be reopened without depressurizing the fluid supply circuit.
High pressure hydraulic fluid is conducted through the line 80 into an inlet passage
82 in end cap 62 which leads to the annular fluid pressure chamber 55 by way of an
annular chamber 83 and fluid passages 85.
[0026] According to operation cf the hydraulic actuator assembly 40, the accumulator assembly
42 is suitably charged to place the riser 18 under a predetermined level of tension.
The pneumo-hydraulic accumulator assembly 42 includes a plurality of hydraulic pressure
tanks 88 which are adapted to receive a variable volume of hydraulic working fluid
and to be charged with air or an inert gas from a

The air or gas pressure is regulate to a substantially constant valve and may also
be provided by

of compressed air or gas bottles (not shown).
[0027] In

the lined hydraulic actuator assembly 40 is charged with hydraulic fluid to place
a predetermined level of tensi for example 250 kips, on the riser 18. As the floating
platform falls in elevation with respect to the production riser 18 in response to
wave movement or section, the housing 18 in displaced downwardly with respect to the
piston 52. The volume of the pressure chamber 55 increases proportionately and the
pressure of the working fluid contained therein tends to diminish but the check valves
78 and 79, which are suitably blased to be normally open, admit high pressure hydraulic
wherein fluid from the accumulator assembly 42 into the inlet passage of by way of
line 80. By this operation, the pressure chamber 55 is maintained filled with high
pressure hydraulic working fluid at a substantially constant pressure whereby the
piston 52 and production riser 18 are supported by a column of hydraulic fluid which
increases and decreases in its longitudinal extent as the housing member 44 is displaced
by the heaving action of the fleating platform. when the platform is being displaced
in an upward direction relative to the riser string, the working fluid contained within
the pressure chamber 55 is discharged back through the line 80 by way of the normally
open valves 78 and 79 into the accumulator tanks 88.
[0028] The hydraulic fluid supply circuit further includes a reservoir 86 connected to the
inlet port of the pump 92 for supplying makeup fluid through a check valve 94 to the
system including the accumulator tanks 88. The reservoir 83 includes a float switch
assembly 96 connected to a source of pressure air for operating the pump 92 When a
float 99 senses a predetermined level in the reservoir.
[0029] The leakage flow return lines 65 and 84 are connected to the reservoir by way of
the inlet line for pump 92, as shown. The leakage flow return lines 65 and 84 are
also connected to repsective pressure switches 95 and 97 which, in turn, are operable
to energize respective indicators 103 and 101 if the fluid flow through the lines
65 and/or to above exceed a predetermined rate. Accordingly, imminent failure of the
primary packings 56 and 67 may be detected and corrective action taken before the
actuator assembly 40 suffers a total loss of fluid from the chamber 55.
[0030] Dynamic operation of the hydraulic actuator assembly 40 is illustrated in Figure
4 of the drawing, where the force variation exerted by the actuator is shown graphically
as a function of the ship position with respect to an arbitrary reference level which
corresponds to a predetermined tension level. The force variation exerted by the actuator
40 for a 92 cubic foot accumulator is shown by the graph 100 and the corresponding
force variation for a 183 cubic feet accumulator is shown by the graph 102. These
graphs indicate that as the capacity of the accumulator system increases, proportionately
less cylinder force variation is experienced for a given change in platform position.
[0031] The present invention provides a versatile and robust motion compensating apparatus
for maintaining a substantially constant tension load on a production riser while
substantially reducing the bending stresses induced in the riser by the roll and pitch
of the platform to which it is attached. These advantages are made possible by the
resilient bearing arrangement in combination with the linear hydraulic actuator assembly.
This motion compensating arrangement therefore permits various activities to be carried
out at greater ocean depths and in heavier seas than has been possible with conventional
motion compensating arrangements.
[0032] The particular details of construction disclosed herein are, of course, only illustrative.
1. Motion compensating apparatus useful for maintaining a tension load on a pipe string
supported from a relatively movable platform such as a floating vessel subject to
movement by wave action and the like, the apparatus comprising:
displaceable means engageable between the vessel and the pipe string and operable
for varying the distance between the vessel and the pipe string;
passive means coupled to the displaceable means for actuating the displaceable means
to maintain a positive lifting force on the pipe string as the vessel is displaced
vertically relative to the pipe string; and
a bearing member disposed intermediate the vessel and displaceable means, the bearing
member having a resilient portion for reacting radial loads coupled in supporting
engagement with the displaceable means for permitting angular displacement of the
vessel relative to the pipe string in response to roll and pitch movements imparted
to the vessel by the wave action.
2. The motion compensating apparatus as defined in Claim 1 wherein:
the pipe string is a marine riser of the type enclosing a central passage through
which production equipment is extended from a production site to a floating vessel,
the displaceable means comprising a linear hydraulic actuator having a hollow housing
and a hollow piston concentrically disposed within the housing and defining an annular
fluid pressure chamber intermediate the housing and piston, the space enclosed within
the interior of the hollow piston defining a central passageway through which the
production equipment may be extended.
3. The motion compensating apparatus as defined in Claim 1 wherein:
. the bearing member comprising an annular section of a substantially spherical laminated
body of superposed layers of all elastic material and of a relatively inelastic material,
the annular section defining a central passageway through which the production equipment
may be extended.
4. The motion compensating apparatus as defined inClaim 1 wherein:
the passive actuating means comprising a hydraulic accumulator assembly connected
in fluid communication with the pressure chamber for supplying hydraulic fluid to
and for receiving hydraulic fluid from the pressure chamber in response to a change
in its volume.
5. The motion compensaung apparatus as defined in Claim 4 wherein:
the hydraulic accumulator assembly includes fluid accumulator means for storing pressurized
hydraulic working fluid anda source of compressed gas connected in fluid communication
with

accumulator means for providing

fluid pressure

hydraulic working fluid in the cylindric.
6. The motion compensating apparatus as defined in Claim 2 wherein:
said piston is sealingly engaged with said housing to form the pressure chamber by
respective sets of primary and secondary seal means, each of said sets of

interposed between said primary seal means and said secondary

means for conducting fluid leakage flow from said

circuit including a reservoir, and indicator means in said circuit for detecting excessive
fluid leakage flow through said primary real means.
7. The motion compensating apparatus as defined in Claim 5 wherein:
a hydraulic pump is provided for changing a portion of the fluid circuit, the pump
being connected

reservoir includes a float switch connected to a source

energizing the pump to recharge the portion of the fluid circuit including the hydraulic
actuatur when the fluid in the reservoir reaches a predetermined level.
8. The motion compensating apparatus as defined in Claim 4 wherein:
said accumulator assembly is connected to said pressure chamber by conduit means including
flow rate limiting valve means operable to shut off fluid flow out of said pressure
chamber and said accumulator assembly in response to a loss of fluid from said conduit
means.
9. Motion compensating apparatus for supporting a load from a platform which is subject
to vertical, roll and pitch movements comprising, in combination:
a linear actuator including a housing member and a piston member movable relative
to the housing member, the piston member being coupled in supporting engagement with
the load;
a bearing member disposed intermediate the platform and linear actuator and connected
in supporting engagement with the housing member, the bearing member having a resilient
portion for reacting radial and axial loads for permitting angular displacement of
the platform while cooperating with the linear actuator to relieve axial stresses
caused by vertical movement of the platform relative to the load; and
means coupled to the linear actuator for driving the piston member in opposition to
vertical movement of the platform relative to the load.
10. In combination:
a resilient bearing member comprising an annular section of a substantially spherical
laminated body of superposed layers of an elastic material and of a relatively inelastic
material;
a hydraulic actuator supported by said resilient bearing member comprising a cylindrical
housing connected to said bearing member and a cylindrical piston slidably disposed
within said housing, the piston and housing defining an annular fluid pressure chamber
which changes in volume with displacement of said piston relative to said housing;
and
accumulator means connected in fluid communication with the pressure chamber for supplying
pressurizea hydraulic fluid to and for receiving hydraulic fluid from the pressure
chamber in ressources to changes in its volume.
12. In an offshore production facility of the type including a floating platform situated
above a production site on the ocean floor and a marine riser extending from the production
site to the floating platform, the marine riser enclosing a central passageway through
which production equipment is extended for connection to production equipment carried
by the floating platform, the combination with the marine riser of a linear hydraulic
actuator having a hollow housing coupled to the floating' platform and a hollow piston coupled to the marine riser and concentrically disposed
for longitudinal movement within the housing defining a fluid pressure chamber in
the annular space intermediate the housing and piston, the space enclosed within the
interior of the hollow piston communicating with the riser passageway and defining
a central passageway through which the production equipment may be extended, and a
hydraulic accumulator connected in fluid communication with the fluid pressure chamber
for maintaining hydraulic working fluid under pressure in said chamber as said platform
heaves and falls in response to wave movements of the ocean.
13. In an offshore production rig of the type including a surface facility situated
above an ocean floor production site and a marine riser extending from the production
site to the surface facility, the marine riser enclosing a central passageway through
which production equipment is extended for connection to production equipment carried
by the surface facility, the combination with the marine riser of a bearing member
resiliently coupling the marine riser to the surface facility, the bearing member
having a resilient portion for reacting radial and axial loads for permitting angular
displacement of the surface facility relative to the marine riser in response to roll
and pitch movements of the surface facility.
14. The combination as defined in Claim 13, the bearing member comprising a laminated
body of superposed layers of an elastic material and of a relatively inelastic material.
15. The combination as defined in Claim 13, wherein the bearing member is characterized
bv an annular section of a substantially spherical laminated body of superposed layers
of an elastic material and of a relatively inclastic material, the annular section
defining a central opening communicating with the riser passageway through which the
production equipment may be extended.
16. In combination:
a floating platform having an opening for providing access to the water beneath the
platform;
a cylindrical housing projecting through said opening having a first open end portion
disposed above said platform and a second open end portion disposed below said platform;
a cylindrical piston concentrically disposed within said housing defining an annular
fluid pressure chamber radially intermediate the piston and housing, said piston having
a first open end portion disposed within said housing and having a second open end
portion projecting through said second open end of said housing;
a first annular seal disposed intermediate said piston and said housing, said seal
being secured to said first open end portion thereby providing a movable fluid barrier
for containing pressurized hydraulic fluid in said pressure chamber as said piston
is displaced within said housing in response to a change in pressure of said hydraulic
fluid;
a second annular seal disposed intermediate said piston and .said housing, said second
annular seal being secured to the second open end portion of said cylindrical housing
thereby providing a fixed fluid barrier for containing pressurized hydraulic working
fluid in said chamber as said piston is displaced within said housing in response
to a change in pressure of said fluid;
a load disposed in the water beneath said platform, said load being connected to the
second open end of said piston;
a bearing member disposed intermediate the platform and said housing and in load supporting
engagement with said housing for permitting angular displacement of said platform
relative to said housing as said platform rolls and pitches in response to wave movements
of the water; and
means connected in fluid communication with said fluid pressure chamber for maintaining
hydraulic working fluid under pressure in said chamber as said platform heaves and
falls in response to wave movements of the water.