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(11) | EP 0 098 884 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
| published in accordance with Art. 158(3) EPC |
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| (54) | CHOLESTEROL LOWERING DRUG |
| (57) A cholesterol lowering drug containing as a major component an anion exchange resin
which is a halomethyl- oxirane compound-modified copolymer between an imidazole compound
and a multi-functional epoxy resin and has an imidazolium salt group as a functional
group in the main chain thereof. |
Technical field
[0001] This invention relates to an anticholesteremic, more particularly to an anticholesteremic, comprising a principal ingredient of an epoxy type anion exchange resin having as a functional group an imidazolium salt in the main chain thereof.
Background art
[0002] It has been already known in the art to apply an anion exchange resin as the so called anticholesteremic which promotes a reduction of cholesterol levels in the blood (U.S. Patents 3,499,960 and 3,780,171; U.K. Patent 929,391; and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.10386/1978). The mechanism in which cholesterol levels in the blood are reduced may be considered as follows. That is, a basic anion exchange resin immobilizes through adsorption bile acids existing in the intestinal tract to prevent bile acids from being absorbed again, whereby conversion of cholesterol in equilibrium relations with bile acids to bile acids is promoted to result in reduction of cholesterol levels in the blood.
[0003] In the prior art, a typical example of a basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic is an ion-exchange resin having an aliphatic quaternary ammonium salt as the functional group (U.S. Patents 3,499,960 and 3,780,171). This ion-exchange resin having an aliphatic quaternary ammonium salt as the functional group can be produced by allowing an aliphatic tertiary amine to react with a haloalkyl introduced onto a crosslinked polymer, but the resultant anion exchange resin is accompanied with an objectionable odor inherent in an aliphatic amine and therefore cannot be put into practical uses as such. Thus, in practical applications, coating is applied on the surface of the anion exchange resin to alleviate the bad odor, but the dosage is obliged to be increased due to the reduction in ion-exchange capacity as the result of the surface coating. Also, such an anion exchange resin of the prior art is low in selective adsorption of bile acids and had the drawback that useful substances such as vitamines are also removed by adsorption.
Disclosure of the invention
[0004] The present inventors have already invented, as a resin having improved the drawbacks as mentioned above, a polystyrene type anion exchange resin having imidazolium group as the functional group which has a high selective adsorption capacity for bile acids (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.150017/1981).
[0005] On the other hand, along the thought that an anticholesteremic composed principally of an anion exchange resin can be more effective through adsorption of not only bile acids existing in the the intestinal tract but also of cholesterol, investigations have been made intensively about a resin having high selective adsorption capacity for bile acids and having further enhanced cholesterol adsorption capacity. As a consequence, this invention has been accomplished.
[0006] That is, an object of this invention is to provide a basic anion exchange resin which is free from a bad odor and has selective adsorption capacity for bile acids and cholesterol, and it concerns an anticholesteremic principally composed of an epoxy type anion exchange resin having animidazolium salt in the main chain as the functional group.
[0007] The basic anion exchange resin to be used as the principal ingredient in the anticholesteremic of this invention is a water-insoluble anion exchange resin which is a copolymer of:
(A) a reaction product between a halomethyl oxirane compound represented by the formula
[I]:
wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and X is a halogen atom, and an imidazole
of the formula [II]:
wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms or an aryl group having
6 to 8 carbon atoms; R2 and R31 which may be identical or different, are each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group
having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and
(B) a polyfunctional epoxy resin having two or more oxirane rings and an epoxy equivalence of 100 to 600,
having an imidazolium salt as the functional group with the counter-ion being one selected from halogen ion, hydroxyl ion or 1/2(sulfate ion).
[0008] In the above anion exchange resin, the halomethyl oxirane compound is represented by the formula [I]:
wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and X is a halogen atom such as chlorine or bromine.
[0009] The imidazoles are represented by the formula [III:
wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, hexyl, undecyl, etc. or an aryl group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms such as phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, etc.; R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, are each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.
[0010] The polyfunctional epoxy compound (B) has two or more oxirane rings, referring to those having an epoxy equivalence of 100 to 600, more specifically bisphenol type epoxy resins, novolak type epoxy resins, polyglycol type epoxy resins, carboxylilc acid type epoxy resins, amine type epoxy resins or alicyclic type epoxy resins, etc.
[0011] The counter-ion in the anion exchane resin of this invention is one selected from halogen ion such as chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.; hydroxyl ion or 1/2(sulfate ion).
[0012] The anion exchange resin employed contains a residue of a reaction product between a halomethyl oxirane compound and an imidazole at a content of 30 to 80 % by weight, preferably 40 to 70 % by weight.
[0013] The polymeric substance constituting the anion exchange resin specified by these substituents may have a molecular weight which is not particular limited, so long as it is insoluble in water. Preferable examples of the anion exchange resin of this invention are shown below.
Also, the anion exchange resin of this invention should preferably have a water content of 30 to 90 %, with the particles sizes passable through 50 mesh (Tyler), generally from 50 to 325 mesh.
[0014] The anion exchange resin having an imidazolium salt as the functional group can be prepared according to the method as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.151681/1977 (Method for Preparation of Anion Exchange Resin). That is, an anion exchange resin having an imidazolium salt as the functional group can be prepared by allowing a compound having a halomethyl group and an oxirane ring within the molecule to react with an imidazole to prepare a modified imidazole compound, which is in turn made into a resin with a polyfunctional epoxy compound.
(1) Halomethyl oxirane compound:
[0015]
In the above formula, X is a halogen atom, particularly, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, and R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Typical examples are epichlorohydrin and 0-methyl epichlorohydrin. These can be used in combination.
(2) Imidazoles:
[0017] In the above formula, R1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group; R2 and R3 may be each a hydrogen atom or a Cl - C3 alkyl group. The alkyl group or alkyl moiety with no designation of carbon number has generally a carbon number of C1 - C6. And, the aryl group is generally phenyl, tolyl or xylyl.
[0018] Typical examples of such imidazoles include the following, which may also be used in combination. That is, there are imidazole, 2-methyl imidazole, 2-ethyl imidazole, 2-isopropyl imidazole, 2-undecyl imidazole, 2-phenyl imidazole, 2,4-dimethyl imidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methyl imidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methyl imidazole and the like.
(3) Preparation of modified imidazoles:
[0019] Generally speaking, when a compound having a chloromethyl group and an oxirane ring in the molecule such as epichlorohydrin is allowed to react with an imidazole, an addition product is formed.
[0020] A halomethyl oxirane compound is allowed to react in a suitable amount of 0.5 mole or more with one mole of an imidazole.
[0021] In order to permit this reaction to proceed smoothly, an organic hydroxy compound may be added in an amount of 10 to 200 % by weight based on the imidazole, preferably within the range from 30 to 150 % by weight. A hydroxy compound can also act as the catalyst for the reaction to form the modified imidazole in addition to the function as the solvent for imidazoles. The hydroxy compound used in this step was also recognized to have an excellent action as a diluent during the resin formation with a polyfunctional epoxy compound in the subsequent step.
[0022] As the hydroxy compound exhibiting such effects, there may be included saturated mono-valent alcohols, particularly primary alcohols having about 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propanols, butanols; polyvalent alcohols having about 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycols, butylene glycols, glycerine, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; phenols such as phenol, cresols, xylenols, catechol, resorcin. These may be used in combination.
[0023] The structure of the reaction product has not yet been clarified, but it may be considered to be constituted primarily of the following compounds:
(4) Polyfunctional epoxy compound:
[0025] A group of polyfunctional epoxy compounds to be suitably used in combination in this invention are those known as so called epoxy resins having an epoxy equivalence of about 100 to 600. Typical examples include the following, namely bisphenol type epoxy resins (e.g. bisphenol A diglycidylether), novolak type epoxy resins (e.g. phenol novolac glycidylether), polyphenol type epoxy resins (e.g. tetrahydroxyphenylethane tetraglycidylether), polyglycol type epoxy resins (e.g. glycerine triglycidylether), carboxylic acid type epoxy resins (e.g. phthalic acid diglycidyl ester), amine type epoxy resins (e.g. glycidylaniline), alicyclic epoxy resins (e.g. vinylcyclohexene diepoxide). These may be used in combination.
(5) Resin formation with polyfunctional epoxy compound:
[0026] The heat curing reaction between the modified imidazole as prepared above and a polyfunctional epoxy compound may be carried out by mixing both at predetermined ratios, followed by heating.
[0027] In general, polyfunctional epoxy compounds may be used in combination in amounts of 20 to 70 % by weight, preferably 30 to 60 % by weight based on the total amount with the modified imidazoles, and heating effected at 60 to 190 °C, preferably 70 to 180 °C. The heating time is about 3 to 15 hours. The heat curing may be carried out in the presence of a diluent, and an example of such a diluent is a hydroxy compound as mentioned above.
(6) Granulation of anion exchange resin formed:
[0028] According to the above reaction, there is manufactured a resin mass of an anion exchange resin, which is in turn granulated into an appropriated particle size.
[0029] A means for crushing is to crush the resin mass by means of a ball mill or other crushing devices.
[0030] Another means for crushing utilizes the characteristic of the ion-exchange resin of this invention, comprising permitting the resin mass to be hydrated in a large amount of an aqueous medium, thereby effecting self- disintegration.
[0031] As the aqueous medium, other than water, there are methanol, ethanol and others, and the hydration temperature may be about 20 to 100 °C.
[0032] After granulation, soluble unaltered reactants are removed by washing successively with a dil. acid (e.g. ca. 0.05 - 2 N inorganic acid such as hydrocholoric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid) and a dil. alkali (e.g. ca. 0.05 - 2 N alkali hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potasium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide) (the order of washing may optionally be selected), finally washed thoroughly with pure water, followed by drying, to give granulate anion exchange resin.
[0033] When the particle size of the resin granulated by self- disintegration through hydration of the resin mass in a large amount of an aqueous medium is not sufficiently small, the particles can futher be subjected to crushing by means of a crushing means such as ball mill or other crushing devices to be granulated into suitable particle sizes.
[0034] The polymer formed into a resin may take various structures depending on the epoxy resin employed, but it is estimated to have the following structure, when there is employed an epoxy resin using bisphenol A:
[0036] These various properties were measured based on the methods as described in the Preparation example 1 shown below.
[0037] The essential feature as anticholesteremic of the epoxy type anion exchange resin having an imidazolium salt as the functional group in the main chain of this invention is in the first place high activity for absorption of bile acids (high even in the co-presence of inorganic ions), as described in detail in the following Test examples. Secondly, it has high cholesterol absorption ability. Thirdly, it has a good serum lipid lowering action, with potent arteriosclerosis suppressing action. Fourthly, it is odorless. Further characteristic can be seen in smaller adsorption of useful substances (Vitamin B1).
[0038] The reason for the above-mentioned good selective adsorption of bile acids, cholesterol adsorption, serum lipid lowering action and arteriosclerolysis action has not yet been clarified, but it may be estimated that the resonance structure of the imidazolium salt and the skeletal structure of the epoxy type resin having an imidazolium salt in the main chain will contribute greatly to such effects.
[0040] When a suspension of the resin in a dispersant of 1 % tragacanth solution was administered orally to ICR-JCL- strain mouse, the LD50 value determined from mortality after one week was 5 g/Kg or more.
[0041] The anticholesteremic of this invention may be administered at a dose of 0.5 to 30 g, preferably 2 to 20 g, per human adult per day, usually in 2 to 3 divided doses per day.
[0042] The anticholesteremic of this invention can be administered to a human body ordinarily by the route of oral administration. In case of oral administration, it may be administered before a meal in the state of a suspension in water or other liquids.
Best modes for practicing the invention:
[0043] This invention is to be described in further detail by referring to the following Preparation examples and Test examples, in order to clarify its effects.
Preparation example 1
[0044]
i) Into a four-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer were charged 25 g (0.37 mole) of imidazole, 25 ml of ethanol and 5 ml of ethylene glycol to prepare a homogeneous mixture. While maintaining the reaction temperature at 55 to 60 °c under stirring, 30 g (0.32 mole) of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over about 30 minutes, followed further by stirring for 5 hours, to obtain a modified imidazole.
ii) After 50 parts of the above modified imidazole and 50 parts of Epikote 828 (WPE:180, produced by Shell Chemical. Co.) which is a bifunctional epoxy compound were homogeneously mixed, the mixture was cured by heating at 80 °C for one hour and at 180 °C for 5 hours. The cured product was left to cool and put into water, whereby it was readily disintegrated by hydration to give granular resins. The granules formed were washed successively under stirring and heating at about 80 °C with 3 % caustic soda and with 3 % hydrochloric acid to remove soluble unaltered substances, followed finally by thorough washing with pure water. Then, the product was dried by heating and the resin obtained was crushed in a ball mill.
[0046] The various characteristics as mentioned above have been determined according to the methods as described below.
[0047] Ion-exchange capacity: the value of total exchange capacity shown by the sum of neutral salt decomposing capacity and moderately weak base capacity.
a) Neutral salt decomposing capacity: About 3 g of a resin is sampled, immersed in
100 ml of 1.0 N NaOH solution for 5 hours and washed with water until neutral. After
drying under reduced pressure, 2 - 3 g of a dry resin is precisely weighed (this weight
is defined as A g), and 100 ml of 0.5 N-NaCl solution is added thereto and the mixture
after stirring for 4 hours is left to stand overnight. After suction filtration, the
filtrate is titrated with 0.1 N-HCl solution (the amount of 0.1 N-HCl solution consumed
in this titration is defined as B ml). The neutral salt decomposing capacity is determined
by the following formula:
b) Moderately weak base capacity: The resin remaining on the funnel is placed in 100
ml of 0.2 N-HCl solution, and after left to stand overnight, 10 ml of the supernatant
is sampled and titrated with 0.1 N-NaOH solution (the amount of 0.1 N-NaOH solution
required in this titration is defined as C ml). Further, 10 ml of the above 0.2 N-HCl
solution is sampled and titrated with 0.1 N-NaOH solution (the amount of 0.1 N-NaOH
solution required is defined as D ml). The moderately weak base capacity is determined
by the following formula:
[0048] Water content: An amount of 5 - 10 g of the resin is immersed in pure water overnight, and thereafter subjected to suction filtration on a funnel until cracks are formed on the resin layer surface, followed by weighing of the hydrous resin (Wa). The weight of the resin after drying at 50 °C under reduced pressure for 8 hours (Wb), and the water content is determined from the following formula:
[0049] Particle size: Dried resin is crushed for 1 to 2 hours by means of a ball mill produced by Alfred Frisch Co., and the crushed resin is sieved to a predetermined particle size by an electromagnetic sieve shaker for laboratory use.
[0050] The properties of the anion exchange resin obtained in the following Preparation examples were also determined according to the above methods.
Preparation example 2
[0051] After 60 parts of the modified imidazole obtained in Preparation example 1-i) were mixed homogeneously with 40 parts of Epikote 828, the mixture was cured under heating at 80 °C for one hour and at 180 °C for 5 hours. The cured product was left to cool, and then put into water to be readily disintegrated by hydration into a granular resin product. The granular product was subjected to the post-treatment similarly as described in Preparation
example 1-ii).
Preparation example 3
[0053] After 70 parts of the modified imidazole obtained in Preparation example 1-i) were mixed homogeneously with 30 parts of Epikote 828, the mixture was cured under heating at 80 °C for one hour and at 180 °C for 5 hours. The cured product was left to cool, and then put into water to be readily disintegrated by hydration into a granular resin product. The granular product was subjected to the post-treatment similarly as described in Preparation
example 1-ii).
Preparation example 4
[0055]
i) Into a four-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer were charged 29 g (0.35 mole) of 2-methylimidazole, 30 ml of ethanol and 5 ml of glycerine to prepare a homogeneous mixture. While maintaining the reaction temperature at 55 to 60 °C under stirring, 30 g (0.32 mole) of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over about 30 minutes, followed further by stirring for 5 hours, to obtain a modified imidazole.
ii) After 60 parts of the above modified imidazole and 40 parts of Epikote 828 were
homogeneously mixed, the mixture was cured by heating at 80 °c for one hour and at
180 °C for 5 hours. The cured product was subjected to the same post-treatment as
described in Preparation example 1-ii). The anion exchange resin obtained (abbreviated
as CR - 4) had the following characteristics:
Preparation example 5
[0056]
i) Into a four-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer were charged 39 g (0.35 mole) of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2 ml of ethanol and 5 ml of ethylene glycol to prepare a homogeneous mixture. While maintaining the reaction temperature at 55 to 60 °C under stirring, 30 g (0.32 mole) of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over about 30 minutes, followed further by stirring for 5 hours, to obtain a modified imidazole.
ii) After 60 parts of the above modified imidazole and 40 parts of Epikote 828 were
homogeneously mixed, the mixture was cured by heating at 80 °C for one hour and at
180 °C for 5 hours. The cured product was subjected to the same post-treatment as
described in Preparation example 1-ii). The anion exchange resin obtained (abbreviated
as CR - 5) had the following characteristics:
Preparation example 6
[0057]
i) Into a four-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer were charged 51.4 g (0.35 mole) of 2-phenylimidazole, 30 ml of ethanol and 5 ml of ethylene glycol to prepare a homogeneous mixture. While maintaining the reaction temperature at 55 to 60 °C under stirring, 30 g (0.32 mole) of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over about 30 minutes, followed further by stirring for 5 hours, to obtain a modified imidazole.
ii) After 60 parts of the above modified imidazole and 40 parts of Epikote 828 were
homogeneously mixed, the mixture was cured by heating at 80 °C for one hour and at
180 °C for 5 hours. The cured product was subjected to the same post-treatment as
described in Preparation example 1-ii). The anion exchange resin obtained (abbreviated
as CR - 6) had the following characteristics:
Preparation example 7
[0058]
i) Into a four-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer were charged 79.2 g (0.35 mole) of 2-undecylimidazole, 25 ml of ethanol and 5 ml of ethylene glycol to prepare a homogeneous mixture. While maintaining the reaction temperature at 55 to 60 °C under stirring, 30 g (0.32 mole) of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over about 30 minutes, followed further by stirring for 5 hours, to obtain a modified imidazole.
ii) After 60 parts of the above modified imidazole and 40 parts of Epikote 828 were
homogeneously mixed, the mixture was cured by heating at 80 °C for one hour and at
180 °C for 5 hours. The cured product was subjected to the same post-treatment as
described in Preparation example 1-ii). The anion exchange resin obtained (abbreviated
as CR - 7) had the following characteristics:
Preparation example 8
[0059] After 50 parts of the modified imidazole obtained in Preparation example 1-i) and 50 parts of Epikote 154 (WPE:178, produced by Shell Chemical Co.) were homogeneously mixed, the mixture was cured by heating at 80 °c for one hour and at 180 °C for 5 hours. The cured product was subjected to the same post-treatment as described in Preparation example 1-ii). The anion exchange resin obtained (abbreviated as CR - 8) had the following characteristics:
Test example 1 (in vitro test)
1) In vitro test for adsorption of sodium bile salt by various anion exchange resins:
[0060] Into an Erlenmeyer flask was charged 30 ml of a solution of sodium bile salt with a concentration of 0.43 mg/ml prepared by use of a phosphate buffer (0.25 M, pH 7.5), and each 30 mg of CR - 1, CR - 2, CR - 3, CR - 4, CR - 5, CR - 6, CR - 7, CR - 8, and Cholestyramine was added thereto. After incubation at 37 °c for 24 hours, each mixture was subjected to centrifugation, and the
[0061] supernatant was recovered. According to the enzyme reaction method (using Sterognost-3a-kit: Reagent for assay of bile acid concentration, produced by Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co.), the residual sodium bile salt was quantitatively determined. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0062] From the results shown in Table 1, it can clearly been seen that the anion exchange resins CR - 1, CR - 2, CR - 3, CR - 4, CR - 5, CR - 6, CR - 7 and CR - 8 can adsorb a large amount of sodium bile salt in a phosphate buffer.
2) In vitro test for adsorption of sodium bile salt with various kinds of buffers at various concentrations:
[0063] Into an Erlenmeyer flask was charged 30 ml of a solution of sodium bile salt with a concentration of 0.43 mg/ml prepared by use of each phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), and 30 mg of each resin was placed into the solution. The adsorption test was practiced according to the method 1) to quantify the residual sodium bile salt. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0064] From the results shown in Table 2, the anion exchange resins CR - 1 and CR - 5 of this invention are small in dependence on concentration of adsorption lowering in phosphate buffer and also have higher adsorption capacity in carbonate buffer.
[0065] That is, the anion exchange resin of this invention can adsorb selectively bile acids even in the presence of various inorganic ions. This suggests that the anion exchane resin of this invention is very useful in the the intestinal tract where various inorganic ions are present.
3) In vitro test for adsorption of sodium bile salt at various pH:
[0066] Into an Erlenmeyer flask was charged 30 ml of a solution of sodium bile salt with a concentration of 0.43 mg/ml prepared by use of phosphate buffers with various pH values, and 30 mg of each resin was placed into the solution. The adsorption test was practiced according to the method 1) to quantify the residual sodium bile salt. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0067] From the results in Table 3, it can clearly been seen that the anion exchange resins of this invention have high adsorption capacity for sodium bile salts under the conditions approximate to those in a living body (within the intestinal tract), namely a buffer concentration of 0.25 M and pH 6 - 8.
4) In vitro test for adsorption of cholesterol by various anion exchange resins:
[0068] In a test tube were placed 2 ml of a cholesterol solution with a concentration of 2 mg/ml dissolved in dimethylformamide and 1 ml of a buffer (HC1-Tris-aminomethane, pH 8.0), and further 20 mg of a resin was added. After shaking at room temperature for 30 minutes, the mixture was centrifuged and 2 ml of the supernatant was sampled. To this sample was added 4 ml of a chloroform-methanol (2 : 1) solution, and after shaking for 20 minutes, the mixture was centrifuged. The supernatant was sampled and the residual cholesterol was quantified according to the UV-absorption method [using Cholesterol Test Wako Kit, produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co.]. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0069] From the results in Table 4, it can be understood that the anion exchange resins of this invention have cholesterol adsorption capacity.
5) In vitro test for adsorption of Vitamin Bi by various anion exchange resins.
[0070] Into an Erlenmeyer flask was charged 30 ml of an aqueous Vitamin B1 hydrochloride solution with a concentration of 0.34 mg/ml, and 30 mg each of various anion exchange resins was added thereto. After incubation at 37 °C for 6 hours, the mixture was centrifuged and the supernatant was sampled for quantitative determination of the residual Vitamin B1 according to the UV-method (λ 268 nm). The results are shown in Table 5.
[0071] From the results in Table 5, it can be seen that the adsorption of Vitamin B1 by the anion exchange resin of this invention is small.
[0072] Test example 2: In vivo tests by mouse Five male ICR - JOL mice, weighing about 18 g, were used per each group. To the first group of mice was given 2 g/10 g-body weight/day of a mixture of a powdery feed for mouse produced by Kurea Japan Inc. mixed with 1 % of cholesterol and 0.5 % of bovine bile powders, and to the mice of the second, third and fourth groups were further given CR - 1, CR - 5 and Cholestyramine, respectively. The resin employed was mixed in the feed at a level of 2.5 %. Seven days after administration of high cholesterol feed and the medicament, blood was sampled from the eye ground vein of mouse, and the total cholesterol content in the centrifuged plasma was quantitatively determined by use of the Cholesterol Test Wako Kit produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co.. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0073] From these data, it can clearly been seen that the anion exchange resin of this invention has anticholesteremic action in a living body.
Test example 3: In vivo tests by rabbit
[0074] Five to seven male New Zealand species rabbits, weighing about 2.2 Kg, were used per each group. To the first group of rabbits was given 40 g/Kg-body weight/day of a mixture of a feed produced by Oriental Yeast Co. mixed with 0.67 % of cholesterol, and to the rabbits of the second and third groups were further given CR - 1 and Cholestyramine, respectively. The resin employed was mixed in the feed at a level of 0.5 %. Seven days and 14 days after administration of high cholesterol feed and the medicament, blood was sampled from the pinnal vein of rabbit, and the total cholesterol content in the centrifuged plasma was quantitatively determined by use of the Cholesterol Test Wako Kit produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co.. The results are shown in Table 7.
From these results, it can be seen that the anion exchange resin of this invention has a potent anticholesteremic action in a living body (rabbit).
Test example 4: In vivo tests by rabbit (Arteriosclerolysis inhibition test)
[0075] Eight to fourteen male New Zealand species rabbits, weighing about 2.2 Kg, were used per each group. To the first group of rabbits was given 40 g/Kg-body weight/day of a mixture of a feed produced by Oriental Yeast Co. mixed with 0.67 % of cholesterol for 12 weeks, and to the rabbits of the second and third groups were further given CR - 1 and Clofibrate, respectively.
[0076] CR - 1 and Clofibrate employed was mixed in the feed at levels of 1.25 % and 0.25 %, respectively.
[0077] During the tests, the plasma lipid concentrations were measured, and after 12 weeks, all the rabbits were sacrificed by bleeding. Descending aorta were subjected to incision and the conditions of arteriosclerolysis were observed. The results are shown in Table 8.
As apparently seen from the Table, the anion exchange resin of this invention exhibits inhibiting action against increase of plasma lipids (total cholesterol, S-lipoprotein, triglyceride).
[0078] Further, particularly effective is the fact that the group of rabbits administered with CR - 1 was 21.6 % in percentage of arteriosclerolysis, indicating about 60 % of arteriosclerolysis inhibiting action, as contrasted to the group of rabbits to which is given 0.67 % cholesterol feed with a percentage of arterioscleroysis of 53.9 %. The plasma lipid lowering action by the anion exchange resin of this invention may be considered to be due to the effect of inhibiting absorption of cholesterol.
(A) a reaction product between a halomethyl oxirane compound represented by the formula
[I]:
wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and X is a halogen atom, and an imidazole of the formula [II]:
wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms or an aryl group having
6 to 8 carbon atoms; R2 and R3' which may be identical or different, are each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having
1 to 3 carbon atoms, and
(B) a polyfunctional epoxy resin having two or more oxirane rings and an epoxy equivalence of 100 to 600,
having an imidazolium salt as the functional group with the counter-ion being one selected from halogen ion, hydroxyl ion or 1/2(sulfate ion).