[0001] Concurrently filed Applications entitled "Unsaturated Vapor Pressure Type High Pressure
Sodium Lamp", bearing Attorney's Docket No. 24,340 corresponding to U.S. Serial No.
473895, and "Unsaturated Vapor High Pressure Sodium Lamp Arc Tube Fabrication Process",
bearing Attorney's Docket No. 83-1-036 corresponding to U.S. Serial No. 473894, relate
to an arc tube and arc tube fabricating process for unsaturated vapor high pressure
sodium lamps. Also, concurrently filed Applications entitled "Arc Tube Fabrication
Process", bearing Attorney's Docket No. 24,833 corresponding to U.S. Serial No. 473896,
and "Arc Tube Dosing Process For Unsaturated High Pressure Sodium Lamps" bearing Attorney's
Docket No. 24,517 corresponding to U.S. Serial No. 473892, relate to arc tube fabrication
and arc tube dosing of unsaturated vapor type high pressure sodium lamps.
[0002] This invention relates to unsaturated vapor high pressure sodium lamps and more particularly
to the mounting of getters within the arc tube of an unsaturated vapor high pressure
sodium lamp.
[0003] In ·the field of high pressure sodium lamps, it is a common practice to provide an
arc tube fill which includes a large amount of sodium and mercury in order to compensate
for the undesired sodium losses encountered. These excess amount of sodium and mercury
result in an amalgam at the coolest points of the arc tube which is normally adjacent
the electrodes at the ends of the arc tube. As a result, undesired variations in source
voltage, color rendition and numerous other characteristics are encountered.
[0004] In an effort to eliminate or at least reduce such undesired effects, it has long
been known that a lamp wherein the amount of sodium and mercury employed is only that
which will become totally vaporized would provide the desired result. In other words,
a high pressure sodium lamp of the unsaturated vapor type wherein sodium and mercury
are introduced in only such an amount as to become totally vaporized is a highly desirable
structure insofar as efficiency, cost of manufacture and enhanced lighting capability
are concerned.
[0005] Also, it has long been recognized that a principal cause of undesired sodium loss
in high pressure sodium lamps is the presence of oxygen in the gas fill of the arc
tube. One known attempt to alleviate this undesired loss of sodium due to the presence
of oxygen is set forth in a concurrently filed Application bearing Attorney's Docket
No. 24,340, corresponding to U.S. Serial No. 473895, assigned to the Assignee of the
present Application. Therein, a getter in the form of a metal or metal alloy is located
within an elongated ceramic arc tube with the metal oxides of the getter having a
free energy of formation per mole of oxygen greater than that of sodium oxide. In
effect, the getter reacts with free oxygen to inhibit the formation of compounds containing
sodium and oxygen.
[0006] Although the above-described technique has been employed with varying amounts of
success, it has been found that the results do leave something to be desired. More
specifically, it has been found that intimate contact between the tubular ceramic
envelope of the arc tube and the oxygen-absorbing getter therein tends to cause an
undesired darkening of the ceramic envelope in the area of contact with the getter
material. Although the exact cause of this darkening condition of the ceramic envelope
is not thoroughly understood, it is believed that a chemical reduction takes place
between the getter and the aluminium envelope whereat contact therebetween is effected.
[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide an improved high pressure sodium
lamp. Another object of the invention is to enhance the arc tube of an unsaturated
vapor high pressure sodium lamp. A further object of the invention is the structure
of an unsaturated vapor high pressure sodium lamp.
[0008] These and other objects, advantages and capabilities are achieve.d in one aspect
of the invention by an arc tube having a tubular ceramic envelope with an electrode
sealed into each end of the envelope, a dosing of sodium, mercury and rare gas within
the envelope and an oxygen-absorbing getter attached to at least one of the electrodes
within the ceramic envelope.
[0009] The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a preferred form of unsaturated vapor high pressure sodium
lamp; and
Fig. 2 is an exploded sectional view of an electrode formed for enclosure within a
ceramic envelope and having an oxygen-absorbing getter affixed thereto.
[0010] For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further
objects, advantages and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following disclosure
and appended Claims in conjunction with the accompanying-drawings.
[0011] Referring to the drawings, Fig. 1 illustrates an unsaturated vapor high pressure
sodium lamp having a hermetically sealed and evacuated glass envelope 5 formed to
fit into an ordinary screw-type base member 7. A glass stem member 9 is sealed to
the envelope 5 and projects therein. Electrical conductors, 11 and 13 respectively,
are sealed into and pass through the stem member 9 to provide electrical connections
from the interior to the exterior of the glass envelope 5.
[0012] An electrically conductive support member 15 is affixed to one of the electrical
conductors 11 and has a pair of crossbars 17 and 19 affixed thereto at either end.
Also, a plurality of spring-like members 21 are affixed to the support member 15 and
formed for contact with the glass envelope 5. Moreover, a pair of getters 23 and 25
are attached to the support member 15 and serve to insure the integrity of the evacuated
envelope 5.
[0013] Disposed within the glass envelope 5-and supported by the crossbars 17 and 19 is
an arc tube 27. This arc tube 27, preferably of a material such as polycrystalline
alumina for example, includes an electrode 29 and 31 at either end thereof. One electrode
29 is affixed to and supported by the crossbar 17 while the other electrode 31 is
insulatingly supported by the other crossbar 19, but electrically connected to the
electrical conductor 13 passing through the stem member 9. Heat conserving elements
33 may be wrapped about the arc tube 27 at each end thereof in the vicinity of the
electrodes 29 and 31 in order to reduce the heat differential thereat from the center
of the arc tube 27.
[0014] Referring more specifically to FIG. 2 wherein a getter.37 is disposed within the
arc tube 27 of FIG. 1, an electrode member 39 is sealed into an apertured ceramic
41 which is, in turn, sealed into the end of a tubular ceramic envelope of an arc
tube. Similarly, the opposite end of the tubular ceramic envelope is sealed in substantially
the same manner.
[0015] The electrode member 39 includes a shank portion 43 which has a substantially circularly-wound
cathode portion 45 telescoped thereover and affixed thereto, as by welding for example.
Also affixed to the shank portion 43 intermediate the cathode portion 45 and the apertured
ceramic 41 is the getter 37.
[0016] Preferably, the getter 37 is in the form of a suitable substrate 47, such as nickel
plated iron, and a gettering material 49, such as zirconium-aluminum powder, is sintered
thereto. Therafter, the substrate 47 is affixed to or telescoped over the shank portion
43 of the electrode member 39. Although a preferred gettering material is a zirconium-aluminum
alloy known as ST-101, available from SAES Getters, Milan, Italy, other metals are
equally applicable. For example, metal alloys selected from the metal group consisting
of aluminum, titanium, scandium, cerium, lanthanum, thorium, zirconium, yttrium and
other rare earth oxides are suitable gettering materials for the above-described configurations.
[0017] Additionally, alternative methods of containing a getter material within the ceramic
envelope of the arc tube and separated therefrom are appropriate. For example, a small
tab containing a gettering material could be affixed to the electrode or alternatively,
the getter material could be applied to the wound cathode portion 45 of.the electrode
member 39. Obviously, other configurations of a similar nature are appropriate to
the structure so long as the gettering material is separated from the ceramic envelope
of the arc.tube.
[0018] While there has been shown and described what is at present considered the preferred
embodiments of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that
various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention
as defined by the appended claims.
1. An arc tube for a high pressure sodium lamp of the unsaturated vapor type, said
arc tube comprising:
a tubular ceramic envelope;
a dosing of sodium, mercury and a rare gas within said ceramic envelope;
an electrode sealed into each end of said ceramic envelope; and
an oxygen-absorbing getter located within said ceramic envelope and in contact with
said dosing and contiguous to at least one of said electrodes.
2. The arc tube of Claim, wherein said oxygen-absorbing getter is located within and
spaced from said tubular ceramic envelope.
3. The arc tube of Claim 1, wherein said oxygen-absorbing getter is affixed to a substrate
which is affixed to one of said electrodes within said tubular ceramic envelope.
4. The arc tube of Claim 1, wherein said oxygen-absorbing getter is in the form of
a metal powder sintered onto a substrate attached to one of said pair of electrodes
within said tubular ceramic envelope.
5. The arc tube of Claim 1, wherein said oxygen-absorbing getter selected from a-
group consisting of aluminium, titanium, scandium, hafnium, cerium, lanthanum, thorium,
yttrium and zirconium.
6. The arc tube of Claim 1, wherein sodium and mercury of said dosing within said
tubular envelope are in the form of an amalgam decomposable within said lamp to provide
said mercury and said sodium and oxygen which is absorbed by said oxygen-absorbing
getter.
7. The arc tube of Claim 1, wherein said tubular ceramic envelope is in the form of
a tubular polycrystalline aluminium envelope.
8. An unsaturated type high pressure sodium lamp having a tubular ceramic envelope
(27) containing a dosing of sodium, mercury and rare gas with an electrode member
(29,31) sealed into each end of the tubular ceramic envelope, characterised in that
it comprises an oxygen-absorbing getter (37) affixed to at least one of said electrode
members (29).
9. A lamp as claimed in Claim 8, characterised in that said oxygen-absorbing getter
(37) is spaced from said tubular ceramic envelope (27).
10. A lamp as claimed in Claim 8 or 9, characterised in that said oxygen-absorbing
getter (37) is in the form of a zirconium-aluminium alloy (49) sintered to a substrate
(47) and contiguous to at least one of said electrode members (29).