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(11) | EP 0 125 917 A2 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | Apparatus and method to add kinetic energy to a low pressure waste gas flare burner |
| (57) A flare for burning low pressure waste gas wherein kinetic energy is imparted to
the gas in a device having a central conduitforthe low pressure waste gas and a plurality
of radial arms surrounding the central conduit to which are supplied high pressure
fluids at a steep upward angle to impart time- turbulence and temperature for creating
'stand-up' flare burning substantially unaffected by wind. |
Background of the Invention
[0002] It is well known in the art that flaring of low pressure hydrocarbon gases having a molecular weight ratio of hydrogen to carbon less than 0.30 tends to produce smoke as a result of incomplete combustion and the formation of free carbon particles. The release of free carbon into the atmosphere creates a dark smoke plume which is unsightly and a matter of poor ecological practice. Various methods have been devised for coping with smoke generation. One method involves the introduction of a smoke suppressant, typically steam or water to the combustion zone. The water, in vapor phase, reacts with the hydrocarbon by familar and well known endothermal reactions. In some instances, the introduction of this suppressant also introduces air to assist in the complete combustion of the burning gases. Another method relates to the use of powered air for turbulent mixing of air with the hydrocarbon qas for more complete smokeless combustion.
[0003] There are instances in certain refineries, or process plants where neither-steam or water or air powered turbulent mixing are available to.smokelessly burn or flare low pressure hydrocarbon gases that are created as a part of the plant. The flaring of such gases is the only economical manner in which to handle these gases which must be removed from the system since they are not capable of being utilized elsewhere.
[0004] Wind is another problem with burning low pressure hydrocarbons above an elevated stack. If there is insufficient pressure to cause the flame to 'stand-up' the flames will 'lick' the side of the stack causing its destruction, besides the constant problem of maintaining ignition. Standing the flames upward is preferred.
[0005] An object of this invention is to provide an apparatus which will impart additional energy to a low pressure waste gas which is to be flared since the gas, being a relatively low pressure cannot of its own energy inspirate the necessary combustion air for complete smokeless combustion.
[0006] The flare apparatus of this. invention for inducing or imparting the kinetic energy to a low pressure waste gas stream which is to be burned includes a burner structure having a low pressure waste gas supply conduit which terminates at a burning tip. A high pressure fluid manifold surrounds the supply conduit and includes, adjacent the tip a plurality of outwardly extending hollow arms. One or more openings in the top of each of the arms are angularly oriented such that high pressure gases being directed therefrom are directed inwardly and upwardly or along the direction of the axis of the low pressure gas conduit above the tip. Preferrably, the angle of said openings or the direction of high pressure gas flow is greater than 450 to the horizontal or tip surface. A high pressure fluid typically a gas is supplied to the manifold. The injection of the high pressure gas causes the inspiration of air and turbulence to the low pressure gases flowing from the center conduit for complete and smokeless combustion.
[0007] Another object of the invention is to provide a method of burning low pressure waste gases by the induction of additional kinetic energy thereto.
[0008] The invention will now be described further, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Fig.1. is a top elevational view of the burner of this invention;
Fig.2. is a sectional on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;
Fig.3. is a top elevational view of a conventional flare stack which incorporates the burners of this invention about its tip;
Fig.4. is a sectional view on the line 4-4 of Fig 3; and
Fig 5. is a schematic view of an embodiment of the invention showing a sequential flow of waste gases from a low pressure condition to a high pressure condition utilizing the apparatus of this invention to in-line burners as used in a ground level flare burning system.
[0009] Before explaining the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practised or carried out in a variety of ways. Also it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose for description and not limitation.
[0010] Referring to FIGURES 1 and 2 the numeral 10 generally indicates the flare apparatus of this invention. The low pressure gas conduit 12 extends to a tip 14. Surrounding the conduit is a coaxial manifold 16 and a plurality of outwardly extending arms 20 that are in communication with the manifold 16. In each of the arms are one or more openings 22, of size and oriented to the horizontal or tip surface 14 so as to not only impart kinetic energy to the low pressure gas flowing upwardly in conduit 12 but also maintain the burning above tip 14 in a stand-up condition substantially unaffected by wind conditions. Preferrably, an angle A of at least 45° and openings 22 of size relative to the high pressure gas to create sonic velocity therefrom.
[0011] FIGURES 3 and 4 indicate another embodiment of the use of the apparatus of this invention wherein like numerals are used for like parts as shown in FIGURES 1 and 2. In .this embodiment a central emergency flare stack 30 is provided for venting large quantities of waste gas or high pressure waste gas, whichever the case may be. Surrounding the tip of waste flare conduit 30 are one or more flare burner apparatus 10 extending circumferentially around the stack. Supply manifold 32 for the low pressure waste gas and 34 for the high pressure fluids are provided. This embodiment provides flexibility to plants where low pressure and high pressure waste gases are to be flared.
[0012] The embodiment of FIGURE 5 represents a flow sequential system for waste gases which may vary at low flow or pressure rates to an extreme high flow or pressure rate. During normally low pressure or low flow conditions waste gas enters via conduit 50 and 52 to one or more burners 10a via conduit 12. Likewise, high pressure gas will enter via conduit 60 through 62 into the manifold system 16 surrounding the low pressure conduit 12 as best shown in FIGURE 2. In the event the flow or pressure of the inlet waste gas via 50 should increase a second set of burners 10b will come into use. This occurs by sensing the pressure or flow condition in waste gas inlet 50 which will then operate valve 70 controlling the high pressure fluid and valve 72 to the low pressure gas which will allow for passage through respective conduits 63 and 64 and 54 and 55. Further increase in flow or pressure of the waste gas via conduit 50 additional burner systems 10c, 10d, etc. may be utilized or an emergency flare which can handle larger quantities of gas may be provided by flow through conduit 56 and thence 58. The flow being controlledc by valve 74 and/or flow control through pipe 76 into a water seal 78, the outlet 80 of which will enter conduit 58 to an emergency flare stack, not shown.
1. A flare apparatus for inducing kinetic energy to low pressure waste gas which is
to be burned characterized in that it comprises a plurality of burners (10a), each
of which comprises a conduit (12) which terminates at a tip (14), means to supply
the low pressure waste gas to the conduit (12), a manifold (16) surrounding the conduit
(12) which manifold includes, adjacent the tip (14), a plurality of arms (20) which
are directed outwardly of the low pressure conduit, at least one opening (22) in at
least one of the arms (20), the axis of each opening (22) being directed inwardly
and primarily the direction along the axis of the low pressure gas conduit (12) above
the tip(14) and means to supply a high pressure fluid to the manifold (16).
2. A flare apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste gas is
of pressure not more than 5 p.s.i. (3515.35kg/m2).
3. A flare apparatus according to claim .1,. characterized in that the plurality of
burners (10a) are situated in a circular array.
4. A flare apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the burners are
vertically oriented with the tip (14) of the conduit (12) at the top.
5. A flare apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the high
pressure fluid is gaseous including one of steam, air, inert gas and combustible gas.
6. A flare apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of the
axis of each opening is no less than 45°.