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(11) | EP 0 156 092 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | Process and apparatus for the automatic folding of rectangular textile articles |
| (57) A process and apparatus for the automatic sequential folding of napkins, towels,
pillow cases, tablecloths and sheets after washing and ironing. The folding apparatus comprises a horizontal conveyor (N1) with fixed guide means (5), an inclined conveyor (N2) with a retractable rake (R2), an inclined plane (S) with another retractable rake (R1) and a horizontal delivery conveyor (N3). Four rollers (1, 2, 3, 6) move and guide the article of linen. There are also provided two ducts (C1, C2) which push the fold between adjacent rollers (1, 2; 2,3) by jets of compressed air. The process and folding apparatus are characterized by the factthat they may be used for any article of linen, whatever its measurements, and for any desired type of fold. |
[0001] This application for industrial patent relates to a process with relative machine for the automatic folding in sequence of napkins, towels, pillow cases, tablecloths and sheets after they have been washed and ironed.
[0002] The automatic machines currently in use are onlv able to fold one type or several similar types of linen as, not onlv is there a great difference in size between one article of linen and another, but also, each article requires a particular fold.
[0003] For the sake of illustration and clarification a towel, for example, is usually folded lengthwise in three more or less equal parts and crosswise in two exactly equal parts, whilst a napkin is usuallv folded in three parts both lengthwise and crosswise.
[0004] As regards the folding processes commonly used, they are essentially based on the use of groups of conveyor belts along which are various stations where "knives" or "guillotines" descend and press into the li nen, thus folding it.
[0005] In the case of smaller sized linen, for example, pillow cases, napkins or hand towels, the folding processes commonly used consist essentially of a table with moveable palettes or brackets along its edges, which are able, according to a preset sequence, to lift, turn over and fold articles of linen placed upon them.
[0006] The aim of this invention is to invent a new automatic felding process tigetger with the relative machine able to be used for anv article of linen, whatever its measurements, and for anv desired tvpe of fold.
[0007] A further aim of this invention is to invent a folding process which allows the machine to work at high speeds, thus giving a high hourly rate of production.
[0008] All this has been made possible thanks to our invention which folds the article of linen twice in rapid succession and always at the same station, in contrast with traditional machines where for each fold a different station (with "knife" or "guillotine") is necessary.
[0009] Furthermore, this new folding process, according to the instant inven tion, means that it has been possible to realize a far less cumbersome machine a machine which in anv case is more compact than present-day models.
[0010] The fullv automatic folding of the aforementioned articles of linen ta kes place, according to this invention, at a station which essentially comprises a set of three straight rollers on a horizontal axis, adjacent to one another and positioned in such a way as to have two rollers side by side and two placed one above the other.
[0011] The ironed article of linen moves forward over the two adjacent rollers where a pressing mechanism is provided above and close to the two adjacent rollers in order to fold the article in the desired place.
[0012] Said rollers grip and pull the fold which has been made downwards, thus folding the article for the first time.
[0013] Another mechanism, situated immediatelv in front of the two rollers placed one above the other, and identical to the previous one, makes a second fold alwavs in the desired place.
[0014] Said rollers grip and pull this second fold sideways, thus the article is folded a second time. It is then released onto a horizontal conveyor belt found immediatelv behind the two rollers placed one above the other. Should for anv reason the second fold not be required the second me chanisn, does not operate and the article of linen, on leaving the two adjacent rollers, automatically passes between the rollers placed one above the other.
[0015] 1he accompanving drawings are for a clearer illustration of the machine which carries out the folding process according to the herein described invention, but thev exemplifv onlv one preferred embodiment in a schema tic form.
Fig. 1 schematicallv illustrates, in side view and in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rollers, the members present in the station.
Fig. 2 schematicallv illustrates, in side view, the supporto members of each roller found at the station, in accordance with the invention, as well as the drive svstem employed there.
Figures 3 and 4 are e schematic illustration in prospective of the machine in accordance with the invention, which for obvious reasons of space has been divided and set out in two different tables.
Figures 5 and 6 are a schematic top view of the machine, in accordance with the invention, which for obvious reasons of space have been divided and set out in two different tables.
[0016] With reference to figure 1, the folding of the linen takes place at a station which comprises a main group of three staight rollers on a horizontal axis, equal in diameter and indicated bv the numbers (1), (2), and (3). Said rollers are close together and arranged in such a wav that roller (1) and roller (2) are adjacent but slightlv offset with respect to a horizontal plane, in that roller (2) in relation to the forward movement of the linen, comes after, and is slightlv lower than roller (1).
[0017] On the other hand roller (2) and roller (3) are placed one above the other but slightly offset with respect to a vertical plane, in that rol ler (3), which is below roller (2), is laterallv offset towards roller (1).
[0018] Roller (1) lies immediatelv at the end of a convevor (N1) which moves forward horizontally and on which the ironed linen is placed for folding.
[0019] Number (5) indicates the flat tooth of a fixed "comb" which holds the article of linen in place on its wav from the end of the conveyor (Nl) and the beginning of the roller (1).
[0020] Immediately umstreanc from the roller (1) and immediately above the rol ler (2) begins a second convevor (N2), which moves upwards.
[0021] Under the roller (1) is an inclined plane (S), the upper edge of which is close to the top and side of the roller (3).
[0022] The upper edge of this slide (S) is characterized bv a plurality of U-shaped notches, regularlv spaced, into which fit the flat teeth of a rake (Rl), which mav be pushed forward bv a hydraulic ram (F) fixed under the slide (S).
[0023] The station also comprises two thin tubular ducts on a horizontal axis, perforated along a generating line and from which, at the appropriate moment, jets of compressed air are released:
- the first duct (Cl) is placed immediately above the beginning of the convevor (N2), which is provided with its own driving mechanism (M2);
- the second tube (C2) is placed immediately above the upper edge of the slide (S), in front of the entrv point between roller (2) and roller (3).
[0024] With reference to figure (2) the drive motion present at the herein described station shall be examined.
[0026] (P4) indicates the driving pulley of the roller (4) which moves the conveyor (N1), a pulley which is connected to the main motor bv a toothed belt (1). (in dotted lines).
[0028] Pullev (P4) drives, bv means of a toothed drive belt (Tl) (in continuous line) roller (3), roller (2), and a roller (6), on a horizontal axis, exactlv above roller (1).
[0029] Said roller (1) is also driven bv the pullev (4), independently of the others, by means of its own toothed drive belt (T2) (indicated by lines and dots).
[0030] In the light of what has been described above and with reference to the illustrations, we shall now proceed to describe the operational phases in the folding process in accordance with the instant invention, presu ming that the linen is to be double-folded and has already been placed on the conveyor (N1).
[0031] The main motor drives the pulley (P4) and through the belts (T1) and (T2) respectivelv sets in motion the roller (1) and the rollers (2), (3) and (6) all at the same time, the conveyor (N2) is, however, driven bv its own motor (M2).
[0032] Along the convevor (N1) is provided a photoelectric cell (E) the signals from which activate an electronic memory which controls each operational phase according to a preset programme for each article of linen as a manual push-button selector has been provided for each article to be folded.
[0033] Therefore, at preset intervals, depending on the type of linen preselected, the following operational phases occur (presuming that a double fold is required):
a) the article of linen moves along the conveyor (N1) towards the rollers (6) and (1) which grip and push it over a flat-toothed rake (R2) which supports it, making a retractabele bridge between the beginning of the conveyor (N2) and the point of exit from the aforesaid pair of rollersj
b) the article of linen moves upwards along convevor (N2);
a preset interval from the moment when the photoelectric cell intercepts, the motor (M2) of the convevor (N2) is stopped and simultaneouslv the rake (R2) is moved backwards bv means of the hvdraulic ram (G) and compressed air is released from the duct (C1) into the area between rollers (1) and (2);
d) a first fold is made in the article of linen; this fold tends automatically to push itself between the rollers (1) and (2) but it is also pushed bv the jets of compressed air. Said rollers grip and pull the article of linen downwards;
e) the fold is placed onto the teeth of the rake (R1) which is in a forward position almost touching the roller (2), the article then slides down the inclined plane (S);
f) the rake (R1) after a preset time from when the photoelectric cell (E) intercepts, suddenlv moves backwards and at the same time compressed air is released from the duct (C2) into the area between rollers (2) and (3);
g) the second fold is made in the article of linen; a fold which auto matically tends to push itself between rollers (2) and (3) but is also pushed bv the iets of compressed air. These rollers grip and pull the article of linen sidewavs depositing it onto the horizontal convevor (N3) situated upstream from the aforesaid pair of rollers.
[0034] Should the second fold not be required, the first fold on leaving the rollers (I) and (2) automaticallv passes between the rollers (2) and (3) as, in this case, the rake (RI) is set back and therefore not able to pull the article of linen down between the rollers (1) and (2). with regard to this it should be noted that the roller (3) is laterally offset with respect to the roller (2) found above it, precisely to allow said roller (3) to independently catch hold of the article of li- rew which is descending from the pair of rollers (1) and (2) whenever the rake (R1) is set back.
[0035] It should also be emphasized that the fold in the article of linen occurs automatically as a part of the linen is on a fixed table whilst the other part continues to be moved forward.
[0036] The presence and the action of the jets of compressed air, therefore, are not really necessary but they are simplv extras to ensure a more reliable performance.
[0037] Still referring to figure (2), it should be noted that pulleys (P2) and (P6) are beld respectively on the ends of two support arms (9) which are both binged to plate (7). Two threaded support rods (8a) and (9a), which are cushioned, are provided in order to be able to regulate the distance between the centres of rollers (1) and (6) on the one side, and the pair of rollers (2) and (3), on the other side, depending on the thickness of the article to be folded.
[0038] Letter (G) indicates the jockey pullev supported bv a ball-crank lever (10) which is hinged to the plate (7) and supported by a threaded rod (11) bearing a shock-absorber spring (12).
[0039] With reference to figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 the fully automatic folding machine, in accordance with the herein described invention, comprises two stations as will now be described.
[0040] The first one (101) is situated at the exit point of a wide conveyor (Nl) which moves forward horizontally and consists of numerous parallel bands of material placed close to one another.
[0041] Immediately upstream from this station (101) a horizontal conveyor (N3) is provided onto which the folded linen is deposited from the station (101).
[0042] Under the conveyor (N3) another convevor (N4) as wide as conveyor (N1) is provided. Said conveyor (N4) moves at right angles to convevors (N1) and (N3) and comprises a series of straight rollers supported by a mobile frame which means that these rollers may, at the appropriate moment, move up through the gaps existing between the bands of conveyor (N3), remove the article of linen and transport it in a direction perpendicular to that of the conveyor (3).
[0043] It is not considered necessry to go into the technical and structural details of the interaction of the conveyor (N3) (bands of material) and the conveyor (N4) below it (rollers) since this procedure is com- monlv used in order to bring about 90° changes in the direction of movement.
[0044] The roller convevor (K4) deposits the article onto the conveyor consi sting of material belts (N5) which, in turn, feeds a second station (102) where, obviously, the folds perpendicular to those alreadv made, at the previous station (101), are carried out.
[0045] Upstream from the station (102) is a final conveyor (N6) which moves horizontally, onto which is deposited the completely folded article of linen according to the programme set bv the electronic memory belonging to the machine and preset bv the user with the push-button selector for the article of linen to be folded.
[0046] The machine, therefore, according to the instant invention allows for the following combination of folds to be had:
1) a longitudinal fold and a transversal one;
2) a longitudinal fold and two transversal ones;
3) two longitudinal folds and a transversal one;
4) two longitudinal folds and two transversal ones.
[0047] It should be noted that in the preferred embodiment of the machine ac cording to the herein described invention, illustrated in figures 3, 4, 5 and 0, all the convevers (N1), (N2), (N3), (N4), (N5) and (N6) can have more than the two independentlv forward moving tracks shown in the example, which means that the number of compressed air ducts must be equal to the number of moving tracks and in the same way there must be a photoelectric cell for each track.
[0048] This means that in the case of smaller sized linen (for example, napkins or hand towels), it is possible to have several parallel folding, lines, independent of one another, which gives a higher hourly rate of production.
[0049] In this case when activated a corresponding number of stop rods (two in the example, indicated respectively with numbers (103) and (104), descend onto the conveyor (N3). Said rods act both as a guide and a barrier to the linen during their transfer from convevor (N3) to convevor (N4) and during the following phase of forward movement in the new direction.
[0050] It should be clear that this specification refers to only one preferred embodiment of the machine according to the instant invention with the omission of the structural details regarding the pneumatic system, the electric system or the electronic memorv in that these are common knowledge to experts in this field.
[0051] Therefore, it is understood that the present invention is susceptible of numerous changes and modifications, above all concerning the struc ture, as known to a person skilled in the art and still come within the scope of the invention herein described with reference to and as indicated by the accompanving drawings.
a) the article of linen moves along a horizontal convevor
b) the article of linen coming off the aforesaid conveyor, passes over two rollers, on a horizontal axis and placed one above the other, which grip and push the article forwards over a flat-toothed rake which, acting as a bridge, carry it to the entry point of another conveyor with a forscard-umward movement;
c) at the appropriate moment the convevor with forward-umward movement is stopped and simultaneously the aforesaid rake moves backwards;
d) a fold is made in the article of linen, parallel to the axis of the aforesaid rollers; a fold which progressively deepens in the space left by the rake which has now moved back until it is gripped between the two adjacent horizontal rollers, slightlv offset from one another, which pull and push the folded linen downwards;
e) a retractable flat-toothed rake intercepts the descending article of linen and, since said rake projects from the upper surface of an inclined plane situated under the pair of rollers indicated above, the article slides down said plane;
f) the rake indicated above, at the appropriate moment, moves back, thus a second fold in the article of linen is made level with the upper edge of the aforesaid inclined plane; this fold progressivelv deepens in the space left by the rake which has now moved back, until it reaches a third roller on a horizontal axis which coordinates with one of the two adjacent rollers, see point d), in such a way that the fold is gripped bv the two slightly offset rollers placed one above the other. These rollers push and place the fold sideways onto a conveyor upstream of the rollers placed one above the other, so that, should this second fold not be required, the rake indicated above which is now set back, cannot intercept and send the article of linen along the aforesaid slide, the article, in this case automatically passes between the two rollers placed one above the other.
a) a main group of three rollers, on a horizontal axis, equal in diame ter, situated close together and in such a way that the first and second roller, in accordance with the forward movement of the article of linen, are adjacent and slightly offset with respect to a horizontal plane, in that the second roller is lower than the firstj the second and third rollers, instead, are one above the other and slightly offset with respect to a vertical plane, and the third roller below the second one is laterally offset towards the first roller;
b) a fourth roller on a horizontal axis placed exactly above the afore said first roller;
c) a conveyor with a forward-upward movement, upstream from the first roller and immediatelv over the second roller;
d) a flat-toothed rake provided at the entry point to the aforesaid convevor, for temporarily holding the article of linen at the exit point of the first and fourth reller;
e) an inclined plane found under the first roller the upper edge of which is close to the top and side of the third roller; the edge of said slide is provided with a plurality of matches, regularlv spaced, into which fit the flat teeth of a rake which may be pushed forward bv a hvdraulic ram fixed under the slide until it just touches the second roller;
f) two thin tubular ducts on a horizontal axis perforated along a generating line, and from which, at the appropriate moment, jets of compressed air are released. The first duct is placed immediately above the beginning of the aforesaid convevor, and the second duct is placed immediately above the upper edge of the aforesaid slide in front of the entrv point between the second and third roller.
a) a first station, as claimed in claim 3), fed by a convevor with a forwrd-hori-ontal movement, comprising numerous parallel bands of ma terial placed close to one another, onto which the ironed linen is placed and conveved towards the entrv point between the aforesaid first and fourth rollers;
b) a second convevor with a forward-bori-ontal movement as wide as the above convevor, also comprising numerous rarallel bands of material, onto which the folded linen is deposited on leaving the aforesaid second and third rollers;
c) a conveyor moving at right angles to the aforesaid conveyors, compri sing a series of metal rollers supported by a mobile frame which means that these rollers move up through the gaps existing between the bands of the aforesaid second convevor, remove the article of linen and transport it in a direction perpendicular to that of the second conve vor;
d) a third convevor with a forward-horizontal movement, the same as the aforesaid first convevor, fed bv the roller convevor claimed above;
e) a second station, as claimed in claim 3), fed bv the third conveyor, where folds perpendicular to those already made at the first station are carried out on the article of linen;
f) a fourth convevor with a forward-horizontal movement, as wide as the third convevor, which receives the linen leaving the second station;
g) an electronic panel where the folding procedures and times are programmed for each article of linen, as each of the feed belts of the stations is provided with a photoelectric cell, the signals of which activate the electronic panel which sets in motion each of the operational phases according to a preset and memorized programme for each article of linen, there also being a push-button selector for each article to be folded.
6) Folding machine, fullv automatic, as claimed in the preceding claims, characterized bv a second preferred embodiment wherein all the aforesaid convevers may have several independently forward moving tracks, also means that the compressed air ducts, the roller conveyors and the photoelectric cells must be equal to the number of moving tracks. In this case, when activated a corresponding number of stop rods descend onto the second convevor in order to act both as a barrier and a guide to the linen during their transfer from the second convevor the reller conveyor during the following phase of forward movement In the new Sirection.