BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a device for transferring and holding a working
robot which effects the inspection, maintenance or washing and the like, of heat transfer
tubes on the surface of a tube plate within the water chamber of the heat exchanger.
[0002] At present there are various manual tasks both dangerous and simple in nature which
need to be carried out in the hostiled environment of thermal or atomic power plants,
calling strongly for the improvement thereof through automatization of the work.
[0003] As regards the heat exchanger, too, an eddy current test of the steam generator or
the condenser needs to be carried out, both being dangerous and/or difficult, and
a variety of proposals have been made concerning methods of automatization of such
tests.
[0004] As shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10201/1976, for example, there is known
an eddy current test automatization device intended for use with steam generators,
which can be shifted in the directions of X and Y by the use of a guiding shaft along
with holding the device utilizing an expandable band at the end of a tap shaft fed
into the heat transfer tube.
[0005] As well known, there are two sorts of arrays of heat transfer tubes used in heat
exchangers; in one type the tubes are arranged in a checker-board fashion and in the
other the tubes are arrayed in a staggered fashion. When travelling on the surface
of a tube plate in an array of the former type, the working efficiency of transfer
unit due to the freedom of movement in the directions of the X and Y axes is very
high.
[0006] In a great number of heat exchangers, however, in order to improve the efficiency
of heat transfer, staggered tube arrays are used and flow-in lanes are often partially
provided in which no heat transfer tubes are arrayed, to reduce the loss of pressure
on the outer side of the tubes. This flow-in lane is of such a configuration that
it will form a land portion which is inclined by 60° or 120° relative to the horizontal
or vertical axis on the tube plate.
[0007] In the transfer device described above having freedom of movement in the directions
of the X and Y axes, it is often difficult to readily jump this land portion in dimensional
terms, which calls for the development of such a device as can be transferred readily
and efficiently on the surface of a tube plate of a heat exchanger having the staggered-type
tube array, since, in such cases, the route of transfer and the construction of the
transfer device will be very complicated.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide a working robot which can be transferred
on the surface of a tube plate in a case where the tubes are arrayed in a staggered
fashion so that the robot may effect a variety of tasks.
[0009] The feature of the present invention, as shown. in Fig. 2, resides in the fact that,
in the case of the tubes being arranged in a staggered fashion, heat transfer tubes
are arrayed on the tube plate generally along the inclined axis so that the transfer
axis of a working robot are set in at least three directions (horizontal or vertical
axis, and directions offset therefrom by 60 and 120°) to rationalize the manner of
transfer of the robot on the tube plate and simplify the transfer device.
[0010] When the surface of a tube plate is considered separately in terms of (1) the sum
of the holes in which heat transfer tubes are inserted and fixed and (2) the remaining
area, the latter (2) is generally smaller than the former (1). Thus the present invention
utilizes the holes for supporting the robot instead of using the portion between the
holes (2) aforementioned.
[0011] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object in accordance with the above principle,
the device for transferring and holding a robot according to the invention comprises
a body of the working robot which rotatably holds an arm for holding the working device,
a unit for supporting the body which is provided on said body, a transfer rail for
guiding the movement of said body and a unit for supporting said rail, said rail being
composed of at least three sets of members and a plurality of support shafts, which
are inserted into the inner surface of heat tubes such as to fixedly abut against
said inner surface, said plurality of support shafts being mounted (in the direction
of center of axis) on said unit for supporting the body and the unit for supporting
the rail.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012]
Fig. 1 shows an overall elevational view of an embodiment according to the invention.
Fig. 2 shows an explanatory view illustrating the array of heat transfer tubes of
a heat exchanger.
Figs. 3 to 16 show embodiments of Fig. 2 and in particular Fig.'3 shows a perspective view of a working robot and a control apparatus.
Fig. 4 shows a cross sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of Fig. 4.
Fig. 5 shows a cross sectional view taken along the line V-V of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 shows a rear view of a working robot.
Fig. 7 shows an explanatory view illustrating an example of the array of support rods.
Figs. 8A to 10B show explanatory views of the mechanism of a support unit.
Figs. ll to 13 show explanatory views of a transfer mechanism.
Fig. 14 shows an explanatory view of the transfer route of the working robot.
Figs. 15 and 16 show working flow charts for a robot.
Figs. 17A to 19 show explanatory views illustrating further embodiments of a transfer
mechanism.
Figs. 20 to 23 show explanatory views illustrating still further embodiments of a
transfer mechanism.
Fig. 24 show a cross sectional view illustrating further embodiments of the telescopic
mechanism of a working arm.
Fig. 25 shows a cross sectional view illustrating further embodiments of the telescopic
mechanism of a working arm.
Fig. 26 shows an overall elevational view illustrating a further embodiment of a working
robot according to the invention.
Fig. 27 shows a cross sectional view taken along the line XXVII-XXVII of Fig. 26.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0013] An embodiment according to the present invention will be hereinafter described referring
to appended drawings.
[0014] Fig. 3 shows a construction of the subject device and peripheral units thereof working
within the condenser of a power plant, the working robot being transferred along the
surface of tube plate 4 positioned within the water chamber 3 of the condenser which
is connected to the condenser body 2 under the control of a control-operational unit
6 through the medium of a control cable. A working device 7 retained at the end of
the working arm is connected by the working cable 9 to an operation control-recording
unit 8 under the control of which it effects the work while the robot is being transferred
and the results of operation are recorded on the control-recording device 8. The robot
1 is carried via a manhole in the side of the water chamber into the interior thereof.
[0015] Figs. 1, 4 and 5 show overall constructions of robot 1, Fig. 1 being an elevational
view of robot 1 seen from the side of the water chamber, Fig. 4 being a cross sectional
view taken along the line VI-VI of Fig. 1 and Fig. 5 being a cross sectional view
taken along the line V-V of Fig. 4.
[0016] The body of robot 1 comprises a drive unit 12 for driving the body support unit 12,
drive units 13A, 13B, 13C and 13D for driving rails 1, a drive unit 14 for driving
the working arm, a rotatable telescopic working arm 16 having a handle 15 (Fig. 1)
for holding the working device at the end thereof, which is driven by said drive unit
14.
[0017] The drive unit 13 for driving rails is intended for driving rails 17A, 17B, 17C and
17D (Fig. 1). In view of the fact that the tubes are arrayed in a check- board and
staggered fashion, each of the rails are positioned on transfer axes A, 18A which
coincide with the horizontal axis of tube plate 14 as well as on transfer axes B and
18B, C and 18C, and D and 18D inclined by 60°, 120° and 90° relative to the shaft
A.
[0018] Additionally, rails 17A, 17B, 17C and 17
D are mounted on each of the rail support units A, 19A, 19
B, C, 19C, D, 19D at both ends thereof.
[0019] The positional relation between the body 11 and each rail 17, as seen in Fig. 5 can
be varied by actuating an actuator 20 located within the interior of rail drive unit
13B. Although not shown, the same can be said of rail drive units 13A, 13C and 13D.
Support rods 21 and 22 are each mounted parallel to the longitudinal axis of heat
transfer tube 25 located on the surface of tube plate 4 within the interior of drive
unit 12 (Fig. 4) and drive unit 19 so that by the actuation of actuators 23 and 24
they can be freely fed into and drawn out and from the interior of tube 25.
[0020] Fig. 6 shows a rear view of working robot 1 as shown in Fig. 1, illustrating the
location of working rods 21 and 22.
[0021] A plurality of supporting rods is disposed such as to securely hold the body 11 of
the working robot and rail 17. The location of supporting rods 21, and 22 will depend
upon the arrangement of tubes located on the tube plate, Fig. 7 showing an example
of the arrangement thereof. Fig. 7 is an explanatory view of the arrangement of supporting
rods on the mesh 26 of a tube plate in which tubes are arranged.
[0022] Circles 21A and 22B marked on the mesh 26 each denote the positions where supporting
rods 21, and 22 are disposed. In view of the fact that the distance between individual
tubes within the heat exchanger differs from one to the other, the drive unit 12 for
driving the body support device and the drive unit 19 for driving the rail support
device may be provided which coincide with each pitch of arrangement of tubes to apply
this robot 1 to a variety of heat exchangers.
[0023] Figs. 8 to 10 show enlarged views of a device and mechanism for holding the working
robot 1, especially of the drive unit for driving the rail support device. Figs. 8A,
9B and 10B represent side elevational views respectively of Fig. 8A, 9A and 10A.
[0024] The holding device comprises the drive unit for driving the rail support device,
the support rod 22, an air bag pad 31, an air pipe 32, and a flange as a stopper,
the holding action being effected in accordance with the following steps.
[0025] Step 1 (see Fig. 8A and 8B); make the central axes of support rod 22 and the heat
tranfer tubes 25 on the tube plate coincide with each other.
[0026] Step 2 (Figs. l0A and 10B); the air is fed via the air pipe 32 into the air bag pad
to expand the pad until it contacts the inner surface of heat transfer tube 25, thus
generating holding force.
[0027] To release the holding action, the above-mentioned steps may be reversed. The present
holding mechanism is completely identical to that of the drive unit for driving the
body support device.
[0028] Next, Figs. 11 to 13 show the mechanism for moving a working robot. In this case,
take as an example a case in which the robot is held by the rail holding mechanism
and the body of robot 11 is positioned at the lower end of rail 17.
[0029] Step 1 (see Fig. 11); the body 11 of the robot is moved to the upper end of rail
17 by actuating the actuator of the rail drive unit 13.
[0030] Step 2 (see Fig. 12); after aligning the support rod 21 with the central axis of
the heat tube, the rod 21 is fed into the interior of heat transfer tubes so that
the body 11 of the robot may be supported by said body holding mechanism. Thereafter,
the rail support mechanism is released to draw out the support rod 22 from the interior
of heat transfer tubes and, by actuating the actuator of the rail drive unit, to move
the rail 17 upwardly.
[0031] Step 3 (see Fig. 13); after aligning the support rod 22 with the central axis of
the heat transfer tube, the rod 22 is fed into the interior of the heat transfer tube
to allow the rail 17 to be need by the rail holding mechanism. Thereafter the robot
body holding mechanism is released to draw out the support rod 21 from the interior
of the heat tube.
[0032] At the end of step 3 the condition in which the working robot 1 is held is restored
to the one mentioned in step 1, the working robot 1 being moved upwardly by the repetition
of similar actions.
[0033] Further, the principles of movement of the robot along other axes are completely
the same as this basic one. Fig. 14 shows the method of producing a part of transfer
route 41 on the surface of tube plate 4 of robot 1, taking the condenser used for
the power plant by way of example.
[0034] A hand for holding the working device of robot 1 according to the present embodiment
has degrees of freedom 3 and 1 respectively in the rectilinear direction of travel
of three rails 17 and in the direction in which working arm 16 is extended. Consequently,
it is clear that the holding hand 16 can reach every coordinate 2 (r, 6) positioned
on the surface of the tube plate. Furthermore, the holding handle 16, in addition
to travelling along axes X and Y, can implement the work on the tube plate along the
extremely simple and efficient transfer route 41 shown in this Figure since a transfer
axis is used which especially suits the tube arrangement. This transfer route may
be decided such that, by drawing a circle 42 which corresponds to the central radius
of the hand, a terminal end of each travel path constituting the travel route being
taken as a center, graphics obtained by enveloping these circles may envelope all
heat transfer tubes.
[0035] Figs. 15 and 16 show flow charts for the travelling and operation of a working robot
according to the present embodiment, each block being described in greater detail
as follows:
Start: Input into a control unit of a matrix of heat transfer tubes located on the
tube plate;
Coordinates on which heat transfer tubes are located are constructed into a matrix
and are input to the control and operational unit so as to be used as the basic control
data.
[0036] Mounting of the working robot; the working robot 1 is mounted on the surface of tube
plate 4 as well as mounting position being inputted as the initial value in the control
and operational unit.
[0037] Formation of the optimum transfer route by the control unit; the transfer route as
shown in Fig. 14 is calculated by the control unit. At the same time data is prepared
as to the travel path (minor transfer route of the same transfer axis) constituting
the transfer route and the travel step forming the travel path (travel action for
moving the rail) for the purpose of enabling the subsequent control of the robot.
[0038] The transfer of the robot along the rail; the robot transfer action is implemented
for moving the rail.
[0039] Decision as to range of heat transfer tubes; the rail .is fixed from this stage on.
[0040] Heat transfer tubes are picked up which can be covered by the robot body being moved
on the rail.
[0041] Setting of operation sequence of heat transfer tubes; the operation sequence for
the heat transfer tubes is set in accordance with what has been previously determined.
[0042] Hereinafter values r, and 9 are calculated as to each heat transfer tube;
[0043] Travelling of robot body and rotation of working arm; the appropriate action apable
of minimizing the travel of robot body is selected so that power comsumption may be
minimized, the center of the working hand being aligned with said coordinates r, and
6 by moving the robot body and rotating the working arm.
[0044] Implementation of robot operation;
[0045] Recording of operation results; results of operation are recorded in the operation
control and recording unit.
[0046] Termination; the afore-mentioned flow has three kinds of repetitive loops, which
are illustrated by loops A, B and C as in Figs. 15 and 16.
[0047] According to the present embodiment as described herein, the working robot used within
the water chamber of a heat exchanger can be contructed with an extremely simple mechanism
which needs a reduced degree of freedom of movement and which is econimical as well.
[0048] Figs. 17A to 19 show further embodiments according to the present invention which,
as compared with the ones shown in Figs. 8A to 10B, differ in the holding mechanisms
used for holding the robot body and rail.
[0049] Fig. 17A shows an enlarged view of the drive unit 19 for driving the rail holding
unit and Fig. 17B shows a side profile thereof. Fig. 17 differs from the embodiment
shown in Fig. 8 in that a pad 51 is provided at the end of the rod comprising hard
rubber, or the like whose outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of heat
transfer tube 25.
[0050] Fig. 18 is an explanatory view illustrating schematically the front view of the drive
unit for driving the rail support unit wherein the support rod 22 can be moved not
only in the perpendicular direction (in the longitudinal direction of the axis of
the heat transfer tube) relative to the surface of a tube plate, but also parallel
to the tube plate, i.e., in the direction in which the distance between support rods
22 and 22 can be increased or decreased. The holding mechanism according to the present
embodiment differs in the aforementioned step 3 from the embodiment shown previously.
In step 3 the support rod 22, as shown in Fig. 19, is moved horizontally, as shown
by a pair of arrows in Fig. 18, by the actuator positioned within the drive unit such
as to press the outer surface of pad 51 against the inner surface of heat transfer
tubes 25 so that the heat transfer tube 25 can be clamped, as shown in Fig. 19. This
holding mechanism is also the same as the one for the drive unit 12 for driving the
body support unit.
[0051] According to the present embodiment, since the support rod 12 can be moved at a right
angle relative to the central axis of a heat transfer tube, the working robot 1 can
be used on a variety of surfaces of tube plates having different pitch arrangements
without replacing the drive unit 19 for driving the rail support unit 1 and the drive
unit 12 for driving the body support unit.
[0052] Figs. 20 to 23 show further embodiments according to the present invention, which
differ from those described previously in the holding mechanisms for holding the robot
body and the rail.
[0053] Fig. 20 is an enlarged view of the drive unit 19 for driving the rail support unit,
which differs from Figs. 8 and 17 in that a pad comprising a holding band 61 and a
band stiffener 62 is provided at the end of a rod. Moreover, an air pipe 63 and the
electric cable 64 are connected to said pad. The holding band is made of a plurality
of configuration memorizing alloys which are formed at a high temperature in such
a form as that shown in Fig. 21, the surface S being contructed in a columnar form.
[0054] Fig. 22 shows a cross sectional view of a pad under ordinary temperature conditions
within which is provided a coiled spring 65, the band stiffener 62A being slidable
relative to the support rod 22 and the stiffener 62B being fixed.
[0055] As shown in this Fig. 22, at a cold temperature the holding band extends under the
action of coiled spring 65 in the axial direction of support rod 22 so that the outer
diameter thereof becomes smaller than the inner diameter of heat transfer tube 25.
[0056] Fig. 23 shows such a condition in which the holding pad 61 is supplied with current
and heated by the electric cable 64. The holding band 61 heated to a high temperature
by current heating compresses the coiled spring 65 by the action of the configuration
memorizing alloy so that it may assume a form as shown in Fig. 21, the outer diameter
thereof being increased as shown in Fig. 23. The air pipe 63 connected to the pad
is intended for cooling the holding band and, after the supply of current has been
stopped, feeds the cooling air and the band is restored in a short time to the condition
shown in Fig. 22.
[0057] The holding mechanism according to the present embodiment differs from the aforementioned
example in Step 3. (In Steps 1 and 2 the pad assumes the condition shown in Fig. 22
so that it can be fed into the interior of a heat tube); in Step 3 by feeding the
current via the electric cable 64 to heat the pad, the latter is expanded as shown
in Fig. 23 such as to be pressed forcibly against the interior of heat transfer tube
25. The air flows out via the air pipe 63 after the current is stopped such as to
release the holding action and after the pad has been restored to the situation shown
in Fig. 22, the support rod 22 is drawn out from the inner surface of heat conduction
tube 25. The holding mechanism according to the present embodiment is identical with
that of the drive unit 12 for driving the body support device.
[0058] According to the present embodiment, thanks to the use of configuration memorizing
alloy, the pad expanding mechanism can be simplified, to thereby simplify the structure
of the robot and reduce the weight thereof. Fig. 24 shows an embodiment of the telescopic
mechanism of the working arm 16, the shaft of arm 66 being slidably inserted into
the tubular body 67 and threadably connected with the drive shaft 68.
[0059] The cross sectional configurations of the arm shaft 66 and the tubular body 67 are,
for example, equilateral polygons which can not be rotated relative each other. The
drive shaft 68 is rotated by the drive motor 69 so that the working arm 16 will be
telescoped due to the threadable connection with the arm shaft 66.
[0060] Fig. 25 shows a further embodiment of a telescopic mechanism of the working arm 16
wherein the arm shaft 66 positioned within the air cylinder 70 is driven pneumatically
so that it is easily telescoped. Arrows show the direction in which the air flows
in and is discharged. Figs. 26 and 27 show further embodiments of a working robot,
which differ from the one shown in Fig. 1 in that they comprise three sets of rail
drive units 13A, 13B and 13C and rails 17A, 17B and 17C and rail support units 19A,
19B and 19C, respectively.
[0061] Taking into consideration the staggered array of tubes, each rail is disposed on
the axis A, 18A which coincides with the horizontal axis (the vertical axis depending
on the tube array) and on the axis B, and 18
B and C and 18C which are inclined 60° and 120° relative to said axis A. Additionally,
the working arm 16 provided with the hand 15 for holding the working unit may be non-telescopic.
The holding mechanism according to the present embodiment may be chosen from a variety
of holding mechanisms as preciously described referring to Figs. 8A to 10B, 17A to
19 and 20 to 23. The travelling mechanism of the working robot according to the present
embodiment is identical with those described referring to Figs. 11 to 13.
[0062] The present invention makes it possible to provide a travelling and holding unit
suitable for use in a working robot, which travels on the surface of a tube plate
wherein tubes are arrayed in a staggered fashion within the water chamber of a heat
exchanger, and provides the following advantages;
(a) As a result of the shift axis being provided to the moving unit in consideration
of the arrangement of the heat transfer tubes, the mechanism for changing the route
of the working robot can be extremely simplified, thus making it possible to drastically
simplify'the robot control logic.
(b) Due to the matters defined in (a), the dangerous and difficult work which needs
to be effected within water chambers such as those of steam generators and condensors
can be completely automatized, lending itself to the elimination of the need for human
labor in the dangerous work of maintaining power plants and increasing the safety
of inspection work.
1. A working robot (1) positioned within a water chamber (3) of a heat exchanger comprising:
a body (11) of the working robot having an arm (16) rotatably mounted therein for
supporting a working device (7), a unit (12) for supporting the body which is provided
on said body, rails (17) for guiding the movement of said body and a unit (19) for
supporting rails provided on both ends of said rails, said rails being composed of
at least three sets of members (17A, 17B, 17C), a plurality of support shafts (21,
22) which are inserted into the interior of heat transfer tube (25) of said heat exchanger
such as to fixedly abut against the inner surface thereof being mounted on said body
support unit and said rail support unit in the direction of the central axis of said
heat transfer tubes.
2. A working robot (1) positioned within a water chamber (3) of a heat exchanger comprising:
a body (11) of the working robot holding telescopically and rotatably an arm (16)
for supporting a working device (7), a unit (12) for supporting the body which is
provided on said body, rails (17) for guiding the movement of said body and a unit
(19) for supporting rails provided on both ends of said rails, said rails being 4
sets of members (17A, 17B, 17C, 17D) and a plurality of support shafts (21, 22) which
are inserted into the interior of heat transfer tubes (25) of said heat exchanger
to fixedly abut against the inner surface thereof being mounted on said body support
unit, said rail support unit in the direction of the central axis of said.heat transfer
tubes.
3. A working robot (1) positioned within a water chamber (3) of heat exchanger as
defined in Claim 2 wherein each of said plurality of support shafts (21, 22) is provided
with a means for driving said support shaft in the direction of center of axis of
heat transfer tube (25) as well as for holding said shaft slidably in said direction
and at the end thereof a container (31) is mounted which expands and contracts due
to the injection and discharge of compressed air so that when said container contracted
said shaft can be slidable within the heat transfer tube and when it expanded it can
be held in an intensive abutment with the inner wall.
4. A working robot (1) positioned within a water chamber (3) of heat exchanger as
defined in Claim 2 wherein said support shaft (21) provided to the body support unit
(12) and support shaft (22) provided to the rail support unit (19) are constructed
respectively in a plural number such that the distance between one another can be
varied and the heat transfer tube (25) is clamped by support shafts inserted thereinto
in abutment with the surface of inner wall thereof to allow said support shafts to
be fixed.
5. A working robot (1) positioned within a water chamber (3) of heat exchanger as
defined in Claim 2 wherein each of said plurality of support shafts (21, 22) is provided
with a means for driving said support shaft in the direction of center of axis of
heat transfer tube as well as for holding said shaft slidably and a pad (61) made
of configuration memorizing alloy which is deformed by the heating to increase a diameter
thereof.
6. A working robot (1) positioned within a water chamber (3) of a heat exchanger comprising:
a body (11) of the working robot holding rotatably an arm (16) for supporting a working
device (7), a unit (12) for supporting the body which is provided on said body, transfer
rail (17) for guiding the movement of said body and a unit (19) for supporting rails
which is provided on both ends of said rails, said rails being constructed of three
sets of members (17A, 17B', 17C, 17D) intersecting at an angle of 60 with each other
and a plurality of support shafts (21, 22) which are inserted into the interior of
heat transfer tube (25) of said heat exchanger to fixedly abut against the inner surface
thereof, being mounted to said body support unit and both ends of rail in the direction
of center of axis of heat transfer tube.
7. A working robot (1) positioned within a water chamber (3) of heat exchanger as
defined in Claim 6 wherein each of said plurality of support shafts (21, 22) is provided
with a means for driving said support shaft in the direction of center of axis of
heat transfer tube (25) as well as for holding slidably said shaft in said direction
and a container (3l) at the end tnereof which expands and contracts due to the injection
and discharge of compressed air, said support shaft being slidable within the heat
transfer tube when said container contracted and said support shaft being held in
strong abutment with the inner wall of heat conduction tube when said container expanded.
8. A working robot (1) positioned within a water chamber (3) of heat exchanger as
defined in Claim 6 wherein said support shaft (21) provided to the body support unit
(12) and the support shaft (22) provided to the rail support unit (19) are constructed
respectively in a plural number such that the distance between one another and the
heat transfer tubes (25) are clamped by support shafts inserted thereinto in abutment
with surface thereof to allow support shafts to be fixed.
9. A working robot (1) positioned within a water chamber (3) of heat exchanger as
defined in Claim 6 wherein each of said plurality of support shafts (21, 22) is provided
with a means for driving said support shaft in the direction of center of axis of
heat transfer tube as well as for holding said shaft slidably and a pad (16) made
of configuration memorizing alloy which is deformed by heating to increase a diameter
thereof.
10. A working robot (1) positioned within a water chamber (3) of heat exchanger as
defined in Claim 6 wherein said body (11) of working robot holds the arm (16) for
supporting said working device (17) rotatably by 360°.
11. A working robot (1) positioned with a water chamber (3) of heat exchanger as defined
in Claim 6 wherein said body (11) of working robot holds telescopically the arm (16)
for supporting said working device (7).