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(11) | EP 0 244 461 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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REFRIGERANT RECOVERY AND PURIFICATION SYSTEM WIEDERGEWINNUNG VON KUEHLMITTELN UND REINIGUNGSSYSTEM RECUPERATION DE L'AGENT DE REFROIDISSEMENT ET SYSTEME DE PURIFICATION |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
[0001] This invention relates to systems designed to recover refrigerant within an air conditioning or heat pump system and purify the same for later re-use in the same or other air conditioning or heat pump systems.
[0002] During the operation of any air conditioning and heat pump system, the refrigerant will become increasingly contaminated by particulate and liquid matter. Eventually, the refrigerant will suffer a degradation of its thermodynamic properties from being contaminated. Hence, refrigerant is typically bled from the system to the atmosphere. After bleeding, the refrigerant system is flushed with an inexpensive gas, such as that sold under the trademark Freon 11, to remove the contaminants and oil which may still exist in the system after bleeding. After bleeding and flushing, the refrigerant system is recharged with new refrigerant. Since the oil in the refrigerant was also bled from the system, the system must also be refilled with a proper amount of oil to be again mixed with the refrigerant for circulation throughout the system.
[0003] In addition to general maintenance procedures on refrigerant systems, it is also necessary to bleed the refrigerant to the atmosphere whenever the closed circuit of the refrigerant system is repaired. Indeed, the repair of many components of the refrigerant system (such as the compressor, evaporator, condenser and throttling device) typically require that the entire system be bled of the refigerant and then, after the repair, recharged.
[0004] Obviously, the wasteful bleeding of the refrigerant to the atmosphere is undesirable, both economically and environmentally, inasmuch as some refrigerants (such as freon) are believed to adversely affect the ozone layer of the earth's atmosphere. Indeed, several refrigerant recovery systems have been developed in various attempts to efficiently recover the refrigerant from the refrigerant system for storage and subsequent recharging of the refrigerant system. The refrigerant recovery systems presently known include those described in U.S. Patents 3,232,070, 4,261,178, 4,285,206, 4,363,222 and 4,476,688, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
[0005] The earliest patent listed above discloses the simplest form of a refrigerant system as including a compressor having its suction inlet connected to the refrigerant system to be evacuated. A condenser is connected to the outlet of the compressor to condense the evaucated refrigerant. The condensed, liquidfied refrigerant flows through a dryer/strainer into a storage tank. U.S. Patent 4,261,178 and its divisional (4,363,222) discloses a refrigerant recovery system utilizing a positive displacement transfer pump to evacuate the refrigerant from the refrigerant system and flow the evacuated refrigerant through a condenser and then storing the liquid refrigerant in a tank. U.S. 4,285,206 discloses a microprocessor- controlled refrigerant recovery system. Finally, U.S. 4,476,688 discloses a refrigerant recovery system in which refrigerant from the refrigerant system is drawn through an oil trap and acid purification filter/dryer by means of a compressor and then into a condensor. The liquid refrigerant then flows through another acid purification filter/ dryer for storage in a receiving tank. A portion of the liquid refrigerant from the recieving tank flows through a return line into a heat exchanger adapted to assist in the condensing of the gaseous refrigerant in the condenser and then recirculate it to the suction side of the compressor.
[0006] A major disadvantage to the system described above is their inability to completely purify the refrigerant during the evacuation and recovery process. Indeed, conventional oil traps and filters only provide a certain degree of purification which, of course, gradually degrades during use until the oil traps and filters are only marginally effective in removing impurities. Consequently, during recharging, the impurities and other contaminants still contained in the refrigerant are undesirably placed back into the refrigerant system even though the refrigerant system may have been properly and effectively flushed of all contaminants.
[0007] A still further disadvantage to the systems noted above (based at least in part upon actual use in regard to the unit manufactured and sold by the owner of U.S. 4,476,688) is that the recovery systems do not completely or quickly evacuate the refrigerant from the refrigerant system. Experience has shown that adequate evacuation of the refrigerant can only be attained during operation of the recovery unit over a significantly prolonged period of time. Consequently, the evacuation time required to adequately recover the refrigerant significantly precludes commercial use of the recovery units in applications where speed is important.
[0008] WO-A-81/00756 discloses a recovery system for drawing off cooling agents from refrigeration and heating plant, having a construction according to the pre-characterising part of accompanying claim 1. In this system, an initialization operation is necessary to equalise the pressures in the system, in which unpurified gaseous cooling agent enters a storage cylinder used for final storage. The unpurified gaseous cooling agent is later recirculated for purification; however, it is impossible to attain a high degree of purity in the finally-stored liquid cooling agent because the storage cylinder has already been contaminated.
[0009] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a refrigerant recovery and purification system for recovering and purifying refrigerant from a vapor compression refrigerant system, comprising in combination;
an input conduit;
means for connecting said input conduit to the vapor compression refigerant system;
compressor means having an input and an output;
first accumulator means fluidly connected between said input conduit and said input of said compressor means;
first heat exchange coil means having an input connected in fluid communication with said output of said compressor means, and an output, said heat exchange coil means being positioned in heat exchanging relationship with said first accumulator means;
condenser means having an input and an output;
an output conduit connected in fluid communication with said output of said condenser means; and
means for connecting said output conduit to a storage tank for storage of refrigerant purified by vaporisation in said first accumulator means, whereby the refrigerant in the vapor compression refrigerant system is evacuated from said vapor compression refrigerant system and accumulated in said first accumulator means, a portion of which is vaporized by means of heat applied by said first heat exchange coil means to flow into said compressor means, through said first heat exchange coil means, and is completely condensed for storage in the storage tank; characterised in that:
said condenser means is connected in fluid communication with said output of said first heat exchange coil means so that the refrigerant from said compresor means is not completely condensed to a liquid state until after being passed through said first heat exchange coil means, thereby allowing heat including latent heat of the refrigerant to be used to vaporize refrigerant in said first accumulator means;
and in that the system is arranged so as at all times to isolate said first heat exchange coil means, condenser means and output conduit from direct fluid communication with the input conduit thereby preventing unvaporized refrigerant from entering said output conduit.
[0010] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for recovering and purifying refrigerant from a vapor compression refrigerant system, comprising the steps of, not necessarily in order;
evacuating the refrigerant from the vapor compression refrigerant system along an input conduit connected thereto using a compressor means;
accumulating the refrigerant in a first accumulator means fluidly connected between said input and an input of said compressor means;
vaporizing a portion of the refrigerant accumulated in the first accumulator means by means of heat applied by first heat exchange coil means having an input connected in fluid communication with an output of said compressor means and an output, said heat exchange coil means being positioned in heat exchanging relationship with said first accumulator means, whereby by operation of said compressor means the vaporized refrigerant flows into said compressor means and subsequent through said first heat exchange coil means;
condensing the refrigerant from said first heat exchange coil means using condenser means having an input and an output; and
leading the condensed refrigerant to a storage tank for storage of purified and recovered refrigerant, via an output conduit connected to the storage tank; characterised in that:
said condensing step using said condenser means is performed after said vaporizing step, said condenser means being connected in fluid communication with said output of said first heat exchange coil means, thereby allowing heat including latent heat of the refrigerant to be used to vaporize refrigerant in said first accumulator means, said condenser means completing the condensation, and the condensed refrigerant being led from the output of the condenser means;
and by arranging and controlling the system such that bypassing of said accumulating, vaporizing and condensing steps is precluded, thereby preventing unvaporized refrigerant from being led to said storage tank.
[0011] An embodiment of the present invention may provide an apparatus and method which addresses the aforementioned inadequacies of the prior art and may provide an improvement which is a significant contribution to the advancement of the refrigerant recovery and purification art.
[0012] An embodiment of the present invention may provide a refrigerant recovery and purification system operable to quickly and substantially completely evacuate refrigerant from a refrigerant system for storage in a tank for later re-use.
[0013] In embodiments of the invention, the refrigerant evacuated from the refrigerant system is purified during the recovery process by evaporating the evaucated refrigerant in a tank to distill the evaporated refrigerant from the oil and contaminants thereby purifying the refrigerant to almost its absolute form.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a closed-loop oil separator is fluidly connected to the compressor to circulate oil therethrough, thereby precluding premature burn-out of the compressor which would otherwise occur from compressing refrigerant containing no oil.
[0015] For the purpose of summarizing the invention, the invention comprises a refrigerant recovery and purification system operable to evacuate and recover refrigerant from a refrigerant system, such as a heat pump, air conditioner, refrigerator, freeze or cooler, to a storage tank for later re-use. During the recovery process, the invention further includes means for purifying the evacuated refrigerant to a high degree of purification not attainable through the use of conventional oil traps and filteres. The recovery and purification allows the refrigerant system to be economically repaired and maintained without loss of the refrigerant which, in many applications, the value thereof may significantly exceed the cost of a simple repair.
[0016] More specifically, the invention comprises a conventional compressor operatively connected to evacuate the refrigerant from the refrigerant system and then condense the evaucated refrigerant by means of conventional condensers for storage in a tank for later re-use. However, one or more accumulators are also provided in line between the compressor and the refrigerant system, the output of the compressor being operatively connected to heat exchangers contained within the accumulators prior to condensing the refrigerant in the condenser.
[0017] A preferred embodiment provides two accumulators in series. During operation, the compressor evacuates the refrigerant from the refrigerant system into the first accumulator. The refrigerant is evaporated by means of the heat exchanger coil positioned in the accumulator and, then, upon evaporation, flows into the second accumulator. In the second accumulator, the refrigerant is still again evaporated prior to flowing into the suction inlet of the compressor. During the steps of evaporating the refrigerant in each of the accumulators, it is noted that all contaminants are removed from the refrigerant through a distillery process which separates the refrigerant gas from the oil normally contained therein. The separated oil, which contains virtually all of the impurities and contaminants in a refrigerant system, is then drawn out of the accumulators via drains therein. As a result, high grade purified refrigerant flows through the compressor for later condensing and storage in a tank.
[0018] Indeed, experience has shown that the distilled refrigerant is so free of oil and it impurities and contaminants that the compressor must be supplied with an alternated source of lubrication (oil) or else premature burnout of the compressor will occur. Hence, a preferred feature is the incorporation of a conventional oil separator to the compressor to assure circulation of oil through the compressor.
[0019] Reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying Figure (Fig. 1) which is a schematicflow and electrical diagram of a refrigerant recovery and purification system embodying the present invention.
[0020] Referring to the Figure, the invention comprises a refrigerant recovery and purification system, generally indicated by the numeral 10, adapted to evacuate and recoverthe refrigerant contained in a conventional refrigerant system (not shown) such as an air conditioner, heat pump, refrigerator, or cooler. More particularly, the refrigerant recovery and purification system 10 of the invention comprises a compresor 12 electrically connected to an electrical power source represented by plug 14 via power and ground lines 16 and 18, respectively. A startup capacitor 20 is provided for starting of the compressor 12.
[0021] The suction input 22 of the compressor 12 is connected via input conduit 24 to the refrigerant system. An input valve 26 and check valve 28 are connected in-line to control the one-way flow of the refrigerant through the input conduit 24. Additionally, a commercial refrigerant filter 30 is connected in-line to filterthe largest contaminants and impurities from the refrigerant.
[0022] Interposed in the input conduit 24 between the compressor 12 and input valve 26 and check valve 28 is a pair of accumulators 32 and 34. The accumulators 32 and 34 are interconnected by intermediate conduit 36. The input and intermediate conduits 24 and 36 are connected in fluid communication with the upper portions of the accumulators 32 and 34 and do not extend significantly into the bottom portions of the accumulators 32 and 34. The pressurized output 38 of the compressor 12 is serially connected via conduit 40 to a heat exchange coil 42 positioned within the second accumulator 34 and then via intermediate conduit 44 to another heat exchange coil 46 positioned within first accumulator 32. Preferably, both of the heat exchange coils 42 and 46 are adapted so that their input extends from the bottommost portion of the accumulators 32 and 34 and their outputs extend from the upper portions.
[0023] The output of the heat exchange coil 46 in the first accumulator 32 is then connected via conduit 48 to a pair of condensers 50 and 52 serially interconnected via intermediate conduit 54. Each condenser 50 and 52 is provided with electrical blower fan 56 and 58, respectively, which are shrouded by shrouds 56S and 58S and electrically connected to powder and ground lines 16 and 18.
[0024] Output conduit 60 is connected in fluid communication with the output of the second condenser 52 for connection to a separate storage tank (not shown). A commercial refrigerant filter 62 is connected in-line with the output conduit 60 together with cut-off valve 64 and check valve 66 controlling the one-directional flow of the refrigerant through the output conduit 60.
[0025] The refrigerant recovery and purification system 10 of the invention further includes a main pressure cut-off switch 68 connected in-line with the compressor 12 to turn off the compressor when the pressure exceeds a preset amount. A single-pole, double-throw (SPDT) pressure switch 70 is connected to input conduit 24 between the compressor 12 and the output of the second accumulator 34. The switch's 70 normally open poles 70NO are electrically connected to a white light 72 (and serially with the power lines to the compressor 12) to indicate operation of the compressor 12. Additionally, an amber or red light74 is connected to the normally closed poles 70NC to indicate turning off of the compressor 12. The switch 70 is actuated when the pressure in input conduit 24 reaches a pre-set amount (e.g. 30 lbs), and is deacuated when the pressure drops to a lower pre-set amount (e.g. 20 lbs), thereby providing a dwell. This assures that liquid refrigerant in the refrigerant will freely flow into the first accumulator before operation of the compressor 12. When pressure rises to the pre-set amount switch 70 is actuated, cmpressor 12 is turned on and operates until the second, lower pre-set pressure is present and switch 70 is deactuated, indicating the evacuation of the refrigerant system. Finally, a low-pressure gauge 76 is connected to the suction input 22 of the compressor 12 and a high-pressure gauge 78 is connected to the input of the first condenser 50 to indicate the low- and high-pressure of the system 10.
[0026] During operation, actuation of the main power switch 80 starts compressor 12 running since pressure switch 70 is in its normally closed position as indicated in the drawing. With input conduit 24 connected to the refrigerant system (not shown), the refrigerant contained therein is evacuated therefrom into the first accumulator 32. As the system 10 continues to operate, additional refrigerant is evacuated from the refrigerant system and is drawn through the second accumulator 34 into compressor 12. Still further operation results in the compressor 12 compressing the refrigerant to a vapor or a saturated vapor state whereupon the gaseous refrigerant serially flows through the heat exchange coils 42 and 46 located in the second and first accumulators 34 and 32, respectively. In the heat exchange coils 42 and 46, the gaseous refrigerant is partially condensed due to the heat transfer to the liquid refrigerant contained in the accumulators 32 and 34. Upon exiting the heat exchange coil 46 in the first accumulator 32, the now partially liquidifed, gaseous refrigerant then flows through the condensers 50 and 52 for complete condensing of the refrigerant. The now completely liquid refrigerant is then stored within a storage tank (not shown) via output 60.
[0027] The purification process accomplished by the system 10 of the invention occurs additionally by means of the filter 30 connected to the input conduit 24, which removes the largest impurities and contaminants. However, significantly more purification and decontamination is accomplished within the accumulators 32 and 34 because of the evaporative distilling of the liquid refrigerant as the refrigerant flows from the first accumulator 32 to the second accumulator 34. Indeed, experiments have shown that virtually all of the oil normally contained within the refrigerant is removed during this evaporative distilling process in the accumulators 32 and 34 and, hence, the refrigerant is virtually free of all contaminants and impurities upon exiting the second accumulator 34.
[0028] Both of the accumulators 32 and 34 are provided with an oil drain conduit 82 to allow draining of the oil contained within the accumulators 32 and 34. A check valve 84 is provided in the oil drain conduit 82 to prevent back-flow of the oil from the first accumulator 32 to the second accumulator 34. Additionally, an output valve 86 is provided for controlling the draining of the oil.
[0029] It is noted that the use of two accumulators 32 and 34 becomes. necessary only when the first accumulator 32 begins to fill with liquid refrigerant (and oil) to the point of possibly flowing into and slugging the compressor 12 (if the second accumulator 34 was not present). However, since slugging of the second accumulator 34 is anticipated and actually occurs in practice, a pressure regulator 88 is provided in practice in intermediate conduit 36 to limit the amount of pressure in the second accumulator 34 and, consequently, the level of liquid refrigerant therein. Accordingly, adjustment of pressure regulator 86 has the effect of determining the liquid level in the second accumulator 34.
[0030] Finally, due to the removal of virtually all of the oil in the evacuated refrigerant, it has been experimentally shown that the compressor 12 will prematurely fall due to the lack of adequate lubrication. In order to remedy this problem, a separate oil separator 90 filled with an appropriate level of clean oil is connected in fluid communication with the oil recirculation line 92 of the compressor 12 to supply oil to the compressor 12 thereby precluding the premature failure thereof.
[0031] The present disclosure includes that contained in the appended claims, as well as that of the foregoing description. Although this invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example.
an input conduit (24);
means (26) for connecting said input conduit to the vapor compression refrigerant system;
compressor means (12) having an input (22) and an output (38);
first accumulator means (32) fluidly connected between said input conduit (24) and said input (22) of said compressor means;
first heat exchange coil means (46) having an input connected in fluid communciation with said output (38) of said compressor means (12), and an output (48), said heat exchange coil means (46) being positioned in heat exchanging relationship with said first accumulator means (32);
condensor means (50, 52) having an input and an output;
an output conduit (60) connected in fluid communication with said output of said condenser means (50, 52); and
means (64) for connecting said output conduit (60) to a storage tank for storage of refrigerant purified by vaporisation in said first accumulator means, whereby the refrigerant in the vapor compression refrigerant system is evacuated from said vapor compression refrigerant system and accumulated in said first accumulator means (32), a portion of which is vaporized by means of heat applied by said first heat exchange coil means (46) to flow into said compressor means (12), through said first heat exchange coil means (46), and is completely condensed for storage in the storage tank; characterised in that:
said condenser means (50, 52) is connected in fluid communication with said output (48) of said first heat exchange coil means so that the refigerant from said compresor means is not completely condensed to a liquid state until after being passed through said first heat exchange coil means, thereby allowing heat including latent heat of the refrigerant to be used to vaporize refrigerant in said first accumulator means;
and in that the system is arranged so as at all times to isolate said first heat exchange coil means, condenser means and output conduit from direct fluid communication with the input conduit thereby preventing unvaporized refrigerant from entering said output conduit.
evacuating the refrigerant from the vapor compression refrigerant system along an input conduit (24) connected thereto using a compressor means (12);
accumulating the refrigerant in a first accumulator means (32) fluidly connected between said input (24) and an input (22) of said compressor means (12);
vaporizing a portion of the refrigerant accumulated in the first accumulator means (32) by means of heat applied by first heat exchange coil means (46) having an input connected in fluid communication with an output (38) of said compressor means (12) and an output, said heat exchange coil means (46) being positioned in heat exchanging relationship with said first accumulator means (32), whereby by operation of said compressor means the vaporized refrigerant flows into said compressor means (12) and subsequently through said first heat exchange coil means (32);
condensing the refrigerant from said first heat exchange coil means (46) using condenser means (50, 52) having an input and an output; and
leading the condensed refrigerant to a storage tank for storage of purified and recovered refrigerant, via an output conduit (60) connected to the storage tank; characterised in that:
said condensing step using said condenser means (50, 52) is performed after said vaporizing step, said condenser means being connected in fluid communication with said output of said first heat exchange coil means (46), thereby allowing heat including latent heat of the refrigerant to be used to vaporize refrigerant in said first accumulator means, said condenser means completing the condensation, and the condensed refrigerant being led from the output (38) of the condenser means (12);
and by arranging and controlling the system such that bypassing of said accumulating, vaporizing and condensing steps is precluded, thereby preventing unvaporized refrigerant from being led to said storage tank.
eine Einlaßleitung (24);
eine Einrichtung (26), um die Einlaßleitung mit dem Dampfkompressor-Kühlsystem zu verbinden;
einen Kompressor (12), der einen Einlaß (22) und einen Auslaß (38) besitzt;
einen ersten Sammler (32), der strömungsmäßig zwischen der Einlaßleitung (24) und dem Einlaß (22) des Kompressors liegt;
eine erste Wärmetauscherschlange (46), die einen Einlaß, der strömmungsmäßig mit dem Auslaß (38) des Kompressors (12) in Verbindung steht, und einen Auslaß (48) besitzt, wobei die Wärmetauscherschlange (46) so angeordnet ist, daß sie mit dem ersten Sammler (32) in Wärmeaustausch steht;
einen Kondesator (50, 52), der einen Einlaß und einen Auslaß besitzt;
eine Auslaßleitung (60), die strömungsmäßig mit dem Auslaß des Kondensators (50, 52) verbunden ist; und
eine Einrichtung (64), um die Auslaßleitung (60) mit einem Lagerbehälter zu verbinden,
um das durch eine Verdampfung im ersten Sammler gereinigte Kältemittel zu lagern,
wobei das Kältemittel im Dampfkompressor-Kühlsystem dem Dampfkompressor-Kühlsystem
abgelassen und im ersten Sammler (32) gesammelt wird, wobei ein Teil des Kältemittels
mit Hilfe jener Wärme verdampft wird, die von der ersten Wämetauscherschlange (46)
angelegt wird, um durch die erste Wärmetauscherschlange (46) in den Kompressor (12)
zu fließen, wobei für eine Lagerung im lagerbehälter vollständig kondensiert wird;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß;
der Kondensator (50, 52) strömungsmäßig mit dem Auslaß (48) der ersten Wärmetauscherschlange so verbunden ist, daß das Kältemittel vom Kompressor nicht vollständig in den flüssigen Zustand kondensiert wird, bis es die erste Wärmetauscherschlange durchlaufen hat, um dadurch Wärme einschließlich der lantenten Wärme des Kältemittels für die Verdampfung des Kältemittels im ersten Sammler verwenden zu können;
und daß das System so aufgebaut ist, um jederzeit die erste Wärmetauscherschlange, den Kondensator und die Auslaßleitung strömungsmäßig direkt von der Einlaßleitung zu trennen, um dadurch zu verhindern, daß unverdampftes Kältemittel in die Auslaßleitung eindringt.
Äblassen des Kältemittels aus dem Dampfkompressor-Kühlsystem über eine Einlaßleitung (24), die daran angeschlossen ist, unter Verwendung eines Kompressors (12);
Sammeln das Kältemittels in einem ersten Sammler (32), der strömungsmäßig zwischen dem Einlaß (24) und einem Einlaß (22) des Kompressors (12) liegt;
Verdampfen eines Teils des Kältemittels, das im ersten Sammler (32) gesammelt wurde, mit Hilfe von Wärme, die über eine erste Wärmetauscherschlange (46) anliegt, die einen Einlaß, der strömungsmäßig mit einem Auslaß (38) des Kompressors (12) verbunden ist, und einen Auslaß besitzt, wobei die Wärmetauscherschlange (46) so angeordnet ist, daß sie mit dem ersten Sammler (32) in Wärmeaustausch steht, wobei durch einen Betrieb des Kompressors das verdampfte Kältemittel in den Kompressor (12) und nachher durch die erste Wärmetauscherschlange (32) fließt;
Kondensieren des Kältemittels von der ersten Wärmetauscherschlange (46) unter Verwendung eines Kondensators (50, 52), der einen Einlaß und einen Auslaß besitzt; und
Leiten des kondensierten Kältemittels zu einem Lagerbehälter, um ein gereinigtes und wiedergewonnenes Kältemittel zu lagern, über eine Auslaßleitung (60), die mit dem Lagerbehälter verbunden ist; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
der Kondensierschritt, der den Kondensator (50, 52) verwendet, nach dem Verdampfungsschritt ausgeführt wird, wobei der Kondensator strömungsmäßig mit dem Auslaß der ersten Wärmetauscherschlange (46) verbunden ist, um dadurch Wärme einschließlich der latenten Wärme des Kältemittels für die Verdampfung des Kältemittels im ersten Sammler verwenden zu können, wobei der Kondensator die Kondensators vollendet, und wobei das kondensierte Kältemittel von Auslaß (38) des Kondensators (12) geleitet wird;
und Anordnen und Steuern des Systems so, daß eine Umgehung des Sammel-, Verdampfungs- und Kondensationsschritts ausgeschlossen wird, um dadurch zu verhindern, daß unverdampftes Kältemittel zum Lagerbehälter geleitet wird.
un conduite d'entrée (24);
un moyen (26) pour relier ladite conduite d'entrée au système réfrigérant à compression de vapeur;
un cmpresseur (12) ayant une entrée (22) et une sortie (38);
un premier accumulateur (32) branché en communication par fluide entre ladite conduite d'entrée (24) et ladite entrée (22) dit compresseur;
un premier serpentin d'échange de chaleur (46) ayant une entrée reliée en communication par fluide à ladite sortie (38) dudit compresseur (12), et une sortie (48), ledit serpentin d'échange de chaleur (46) occupant une position d'échange de chaleur par rapport audit premier accumulateur (32);
un condenseur (50, 52) ayant une entrée et une sortie;
une conduite de sortie (60) reliée en communication par fluide à ladite sortie dudit condenseur (50, 52); et
un moyen (64) pour relier ladite conduite de sortie (60) à un réservoir de stockage en vue du stockage du réfrigérant purifié par vaporisation dans ledit premier accumulateur, de sorte que le réfrigérant dans le système réfrigérant à compression de vapeur est évacué dudit système réfrigérant à compression de vapeur et est accumulé dans ledit premier accumulateur (32), une partie de celui-ci est vaporisée par la chaleur appliquée par ledit premier serpentin d'échange de chaleur (46) pour circuler dans ledit compresseur (12), à travers ledit premier serpentin d'échange de chaleur (46), et est complètement condensé en vue du stockage dans le réservoir de stockage; caractérisé en ce que:
ledit condenseur (50, 52) est relié en communication par fluide à ladite sortie (48) dudit premier serpentin d'échange de chaleur de sorte que le réfrigérant provenant dudit compresseur n'est pas complètement condensé un état liquide jusqu'à ce qu'il soit passé dans ledit premier serpentin d'échange de chaleur, ce qui permet à la chaleur comprentant la chaleur latente du réfrigérant d'être utilisée pour vaporiser le réfrigérant dans ledit premier accumulateur;
et en ce que le système est disposé de façon à constamment isoler ledit premier serpentin d'échange de chaleur, le condenseur et la conduite de sortie d'une communication par fluide directe avec la conduite d'entrée pour empêcher le réfrigérant non vaporisé d'entrer dans ladite conduite de sortie.
évacuation à l'aide d'un compresseur (12) du réfrigérant du système à compression de vapeur par une conduite d'entrée (24) reliée à celui-ci;
accumulation du réfigérant dans un premier accumulateur (32) branché en communication par fluidé entre ladite entrée (24) et une entrée (22) dudit compresseur (12);
vaporisation d'une partie du réfrigérant accumulé dans le premier accumulateur (32) à l'aide de la chaleur appliquée par un premier serpentin d'échange de chaleur (46) ayant une entrée reliée en communication par fluide à une sortie (38) dudit compresseur (12), et une sortie, ledit serpentin d'échange de chaleur (46) occupant une position d'échange de chaleur par rapport audit premier accumulateur (32), de sorte que, par actionnement dudit compresseur, le réfrigérant vaporisé s'écoule dans ledit compresseur (12) puis à travers ledit premier serpentin d'échange de chaleur (32);
condensation du réfrigérant provenant dudit premier serpentin d'échange de chaleur (46) à l'aide d'un condenseur (50, 52) ayant une entrée et une sortie; et
amenée du réfrigérant condensé à un réservoir de stockage pour le stockage du réfrigérant purifié et récupéré, par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite de sortie (60) reliée au réservoir de stockage; caractérisé en ce que:
ladite étape de condensation à l'aide dudit condenseur (50, 52) est effectuée après ladite étape de vaporisation, ledit condenseur étant relié en communication par fluide à ladite sortie dudit premier serpentin d'échange de chaleur (46), ce qui permet à la chaleur comprenant la chaleur latente du réfrigérant d'être utilisée pour vaporiser le réfrigérant dans ledit premier accumulateur, ledit condenseur achevant la condensation, et le réfrigérant condensé étant conduit de la sortie (60) du condenseur (50, 52);
et en disposant et commandant le système de façon à empêcher un contournment desdites étapes d'accumulation, de vaporisation et de condensation est empêchée, pour empêchér le réfrigérant non vaporisé d'être conduit audit réservoir de stockage.