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(11) | EP 0 255 200 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
Low velocity air seal Niedergeschwindigkeits-Luftsperre Rideau d'air à faible vitesse |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
[0001] This invention relates to seals for elongated ovens of the type in which articles to be treated are moved longitudinally through successive zones of the oven system.
[0002] Elongated ovens are in common usage in the automotive and other industries to dry articles following the application of a finish coat to the articles. The coated articles are typically moved longitudinally and continuously through the oven system, through radiant and/or convection zones, to accomplish a permanent setting and curing of the finish coat. Whereas these oven systems are generally satisfactory with respect to their ability to effectively cure the finish coat, they are energy inefficient and also tend to pollute the adjacent building environment.
[0003] Specifically, large amounts of heat energy are lost out of the open ends of the oven by heated air escaping out of the open ends into the adjacent building, and the environment of the adjacent building is polluted since the escaping air contains fumes from the drying finish coat as well as other contaminants. This movement of air out of the open ends of the oven system occurs primarily as a rollover movement in which hot, relatively thin air escapes out of the upper region of the open end and cold dense air simultaneously moves into the lower region of the open end. It is therefore desirable to seal the open ends of these elongated oven complexes to preclude energy loss and preclude contamination of the adjacent environment.
[0004] In the past, sealing has been attempted by defining sealing compartments as a prefix or suffix to the oven proper in which the articles to be treated within the oven are passed through a low, narrow tunnel having dimensions just sufficient to pass the article. While these tunnels have been partially effective, they have still allowed significant amounts of energy and contaminants to escape from the oven.
[0005] Attempts have also been made to seal the open ends of the oven by the use of forced air blown into the open ends of the oven through adjustable nozzles positioned around the periphery of the open oven ends to achieve a direct frontal assault on the air attempting to escape the oven. Whereas these frontal attack systems have been effective in preventing the escape of the hot contaminated gases from the oven, they have served-to stir up the air within the oven itself with the result that the as yet uncured paint often picks up the contaminants in the stirred up air with the result that the finish coat is significantly marred.
Summary of The Invention
[0006] This invention is directed to the provision of a seal for an oven which prevents the escape of hot contaminated gases from the oven without significantly disturbing the air within the oven.
[0007] According to the invention, the seal comprises an air seal compartment lying generally horizontally and including two sides and a roof, and being adapted to be aligned with the entry to the oven to form a prefix to the oven and including an exit adapted to be juxtaposed to the entry to the oven and an entrance ;
means for withdrawing air from the upper region of said compartment adjacent said exit; and
means for supplying air to the lower region of said compartment.
[0008] According to a further feature of the invention, the air supplied to the lower region of the air seal compartment is the air withdrawn from the upper region of the air seal compartment. This arrangement ensures that the air supplied to the lower region of the compartment is heated air since the air withdrawn from the upper region of the compartment adjacent the compartment entrance is relatively high temperature air by virtue of its elevated position within the compartment and by further virtue of its proximity to the oven entrance.
[0009] According to a further feature of the invention, the means for withdrawing air from the upper region of the air seal compartment comprises a fan communicating with that region and the means for supplying air to the lower region of the air seal compartment comprises ducting extending from the outlet of the fan to the lower region of the air seal compartment. This arrangement provides a simple and effective means of recirculating the heated air from the upper region of the compartment to the lower region of the compartment.
[0010] According to a further feature of the invention, the upper portion of the entrance to the air seal compartment is blocked to define a relatively low height opening therebelow, and the seal further includes means defining a ceiling panel sloping upwardly from the entrance of the air seal compartment to the exit of the air seal compartment. This sloping panel causes the hottest air in the compartment to migrate to the highest point in the compartment and away from the entrance to the compartment. The sloping panel thus discourages the escape of hot air from the entrance to the air seal compartment and funnels the hot air to the intake of the exhaust fan associated with the upper region of the air seal compartment.
[0011] According to a feature of a further embodiment of the invention, the seal is intended for use with an elongated oven having a convection drying zone ; the air withdrawn from the upper region of the air seal compartment is ducted to the convection zone of the associated oven; and the air supplied to the lower region of the air seal compartment is ducted from the convection zone of the associated oven.
[0012] According to a further feature of this embodiment, the ducting for the air withdrawn from the upper region of the air seal compartment is connected to the exhaust air ducting system of the convection zone of the associated oven and the ducting for the air supplied to the lower region of the air seal compartment is connected to the air supply ducting system of the convection zone of the associated oven. This arrangement allows the utilization of existing exhaust and supply ducting to provide the desired movement of the air from the upper region of the air seal compartment to the lower region of that compartment.
Brief Description Of The Drawings
[0013]
Figure 1 is a perspective somewhat schematic view of an oven system employing the air seal of the invention ;
Figure 2 is a view taken in the direction of the arrow 2 in Figure 1 ;
Figure 3 is a cross sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1 ;
Figure 4 is a cross sectional view taken on line 4-4 of Figure 2 ;
Figure 5 is an entrance end view of a second embodiment of the invention air seal ; and
Figure 6 is a cross sectional view taken on line 6-6 of Figure 5.
Detailed Description Of The Preferred Embodiment
[0015] As seen in Figure 1, the invention air seal is intended for use with an elongated oven system of the type used for example in drying automotive bodies after the application of a finish coat to the bodies and in which the articles to be dry are moved continuously and longitudinally through the elongated oven complex. The oven system may comprise, for example, a radiant heat compartment 12 followed by a convection heat compartment 14 and floor mounted conveyor means 16 may be provided to move the articles through the oven complex.
[0016] The invention air seal is seen generally at 18. Air seal 18 includes an air seal compartment 20 including parallel side walls 22 and 24, a roof 26 and an entrance end panel 28. Air seal compartment 20 corresponds in cross-sectional size and configuration to radiant heat compartment 12 and convection compartment 14 and is adapted to be aligned with the entry to the radiant heat compartment to form a prefix to the oven assembly so that the exit of the compartment 20 coincides with the entrance to the radiant heat compartment 12.
[0017] Compartment 20 further includes a vertical interior panel 30, a horizontal interior panel 32 and a further vertical interior panel 34. Panels 30, 32 and 34 coact with side wall 22 of the air seal compartment to form an L-shaped plenum chamber 36 extending from top to bottom of the compartment and from the entrance to the exit of the compartment. In similar fashion, a vertical panel 38, a horizontal panel 40, and a further vertical panel 42 coact with side wall 24 to form an L-shaped plenum chamber 44 extending from top to bottom of the air seal compartment and from the entrance to the exit of the air seal compartment at the opposite side of the compartment from plenum chamber 36. Panels 34 and 42 are spaced apart laterally by an amount sufficient to accommodate the conveyor system 16 as well as a suitable carriage assembly (not shown) for supporting the automotive body 45 and conveying the body through the oven complex. An air register 46 is positioned in each of the panels 34 and 42 adjacent the entrance to the air seal chamber and an adjustable slot structure 48 extends from register 46 to a region adjacent the exit of the air seal chamber.
[0018] Entrance end panel 28 includes an upper portion 28a blocking the upper portion of the entry end of the air seal compartment; vertical side portions 28b and 28c in substantial longitudinal alignment with the main body portions of plenum chambers 36 and 34, and lower portions 28d and 28e in substantial longitudinal alignment with the horizontally inwardly extending portions 36a, 44a of plenum chambers 36, 44. Panel portions 28a, 28b, 28c, 28d, and 28e coact to define an entrance opening 50 for passage of the automotive body 45, and the entrance opening is further defined by silhouette panels 52 and 54 at either side of opening 50 which are custom cut from sheet metal to conform to the cross sectional configuration of the particular automotive body being processed. A further silhouette panel 56, also custom cut from sheet metal, may also be provided in cooperation with the runs of conveyor system 16 to further customize the entry to the air seal chamber to match the specific outline of the particular vehicle body being processed. A further silhouette panel 58, custom cut from sheet metal to match the particular configuration of the particular vehicle body being processed, is positioned within the exit end of the air seal passage.
[0019] A sloping, false ceiling panel 60 extends upwardly from the entrance of the air seal chamber to a location adjacent the exit of the air seal chamber. The lower end of panel 60 is positioned a short distance above the lower edge of end panel portion 28a and extends upwardly therefrom for coaction with a transverse ceiling panel 62 positioned adjacent to but spaced from the exit end of the air seal chamber.
[0020] A blower mechanism 64 is positioned on the roof of the air seal chamber adjacent the exit end of the chamber with its inlet 64a in communication with the upper region of the air seal compartment adjacent the exit end of that compartment, between ceiling panel 62 and silhouette panel 58, and with its outlet 64b communicating with ducting 66 positioned on the roof of the air seal compartment and extending transversely of the air seal for communication at its opposite ends 66a and 66b with the upper ends of plenum chambers 36 and 44 respectively.
[0021] In the operation of the air seal of the Figures 1-4 embodiment, blower assembly 64 operates to suck air upwardly out of the upper region of the air seal compartment adjacent the exit end of the compartment. Blower assembly 64 moves this air through duct 66 and downwardly into plenum chambers 36 and 44 where the air moves downwardly within the plenum chamber and longitudinally within the chambers toward the entrance end of the air seal compartment for discharge through registers 46 and slots 48 at locations generally below the articles, such as automotive bodies 45, being passed through the oven system. Since warm air is being supplied to the plenum chambers, the air exiting the registers 46 and the slots 48 moves upwardly within the chamber air seal until it encounters the sloping panel 60 whereafter it moves upwardly along the panel toward the entrance 64a of blower assembly 64 where it begins a new cycle. This gentle air movement has the effect of substantially eliminating any temperature gradient measured along the vertical height of the opening 50 to the air seal, thereby substantially eliminating the prior art characteristic of warm air exiting the oven adjacent the open upper end of the oven and cold air simultaneously entering the oven adjacent the open lower end of the oven. That is, this substantial elimination of a temperature gradient as measured along the vertical height of the entrance to the air seal substantially prevents the rollover of air at the entrance to the air seal since the differences in air density causing this rollover effect have substantially been eliminated. The air in the air seal, after a period of operation, is near building ambient temperature at the entrance end of the air seal and near oven ambient temperature at the exit end. There is substantially no difference in air density as measured form top to bottom of the air seal however, especially at the entrance to the air seal, so that the driving force for hot air and fume leakage at the open end of the oven assembly is substantially eliminated. The sloping panel 60 causes the hottest air in the air chamber to migrate to the highest point of the air seal and away from the entry silhouette opening, thus further helping to prevent hot air and fume leakage from the open end of the oven assembly. The movement of the air within the air seal is generally low velocity and passive so that the wet surface finish on the automobile bodies passing through the air seal is not disturbed or marred by the air flow itself or by contaminants carried by the air flow. The invention air seal will thus be seen to minimize infiltration and exfiltration by providing a chamber of substantially constant air temperature from top to bottom. By minimizing temperature differences in the air seal, convection currents are reduced, thereby reducing the natural flow of warm air out of the oven and cold air in. It will be understood that the ducting size, blower assembly size, and blower assembly speed are selectively determined and regulated to achieve an air flow rate and pattern sufficient to substantially eliminate the vertical temperature gradient at the air seal entrance.
[0023] The air seal of Figures 5 and 6 is generally similar to the air seal of Figures 1-4 except that it is especially suitable for use with an overhead conveyor system as opposed to the floor mounted conveyor system utilized in the Figures 1-4 embodiment.
[0024] In the embodiment of Figures 5 and 6, sloping ceiling panel 60 is eliminated ; front entry panel 28 is eliminated and replaced with two separate floor to ceiling panels 68 and 70 respectively longitudinally aligned with plenum chambers 36, 44 ; and the entrance and exits of the air chamber are provided with sheet metal silhouette panels 72 and 74 which are custom cut to accommodate an overhead conveyor and to accommodate the particular configuration of the particular automotive body being processed ; registers 46 are eliminated in favor of extending the slots 48 substantially the full length of the plenum chambers ; a central longitudinally extending duct 76 communicates with the upper region of the air seal compartment adjacent the exit end of the compartment; and a pair of laterally spaced, longitudinally extending ducts 78 and 80 communicate respectively with plenum chambers 36 and 44 at the exit end of the air seal chamber. Conduit 76 communicates at its other end with the existing exhaust air duct system 82 of the convection heating compartment 14 of the oven system and ducts 78 and 80 communicate at their other ends with the existing air suppiy duct system 84 of the convection heating compartment 14.
[0025] In the operation of the air seal of the Figure 5 and 6 embodiment, heated air is withdrawn from the upper region of the air seal adjacent the air seal exit through conduit 76 and the air moving through conduit 76 enters the existing exhaust duct system 82 of the convection heating compartment for exhaust from the oven along with the exhaust air being withdrawn from the convection heating zone. At the same time, air is supplied to plenum chambers 36 and 40 through conduits 78 and 80 by the fresh air duct system 84 of the convection heating zone. The air entering the plenum chambers 36 and 40 moves downwardly and toward the entrance end of the air seal compartment for discharge through slots 48. The air leaving slots 48, in a manner similar to the manner described with reference to the embodiments of Figures 1-4, flows upwardly and away from the entrance to the air seal to the upper region of the exit end of the air seal where it is exhausted through duct 76 to complete the cycle. The system of Figures 5 and 6 has the advantage of providing the desired gentle air flow within the air seal without the use of additional fan systems beyond that already in place in the oven system. As with the embodiment of Figures 1-4, the air seal of Figures 5 and 6 minimizes the temperature gradient from top to bottom of the air seal at the entrance to the seal, thereby minimizing convection currents within the air seal and substantially eliminating the rollover flow of warm air out of the oven and cold air in. And as with the embodiment of Figures 1-4, the various parameters of the air exhaust and supply system are determined and regulated in a manner to achieve the desired substantial elimination of the vertical temperature gradient at the entrance to the air seal.
[0026] The invention air seals will be seen to provide a simple and effective way of minimizing the escape of heated air from the open ends of the oven system and thereby minimizing the pollution of the environment of the associated building by the oven system, and the invention seals accomplish these results without creating any disturbing air flow within the oven such as would tend to mar the wet finish coat of the articles being processed.
[0027] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described in detail, it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, although the invention air seals are particularly suited for use as a prefix to the entry end of an oven system, since concerns about protecting the still wet finish coat on the articles is greatest at that end, it will be understood that an invention seal 20 may also be provided at the discharge or exit end of the oven complex with similar advantageous results.
an air seal compartment (20) lying generally horizontally and including two sides (22, 24) and a roof (26), and being adapted to be aligned with the entry to the oven to form a prefix to the oven and including an exit adapted to be juxtaposed to the entry to the oven and an entrance ;
means (64) for withdrawing air from the upper region of said compartment adjacent said exit; and
means (46) for supplying air to the lower region of said compartment.
the air supplied to said lower region is the air withdrawn from said upper region.
said seal further includes a fan for withdrawing air from said upper region and ducting extending from the output of said fan to said lower region.
the upper portion of said entrance is blocked to define a relatively low height opening therebelow; and
said seal further includes means defining a ceiling panel (60) sloping upwardly from said entrance to said exit.
said seal is intended for use with a floor conveyor (16) and is configured in its lower region to accommodate a floor conveyor.
the oven has a convection drying zone (14) ;
the air withdrawn from the upper region of said seal compartment is ducted to the convection zone of the oven ; and
the air supplied to said lower region of said seal compartment is ducted from the convection zone of the oven.
the ducting (76) for the air withdrawn from said . upper region of said seal compartment (20) is connected to the exhaust air ducting system (82) of the convection zone (14) of the oven ; and
the ducting (80) for the air supplied to said lower region of said seal compartment is connected to the air supply ducting system (84) of the convection zone (14) of the oven.
continuously removing air from the upper region of said entry ; while
continuously supplying air to the lower region of said entry.
the air supplied to the lower region of said entry is the air removed from the upper region of said entry ; and
the air flow is regulated to substantially eliminate any temperature gradient as measured along the vertical dimension of said entry.
establishing an air compartment as a prefix to the entrance to the oven ;
withdrawing air from the upper region of said air compartment adjacent said oven entrance ; and
supplying air to the lower region of said air compartment.
eine Luftsperrekammer (20), die allgemein horizontal liegt und zwei Seiten (22, 24) sowie ein Dach (26) aufweist und mit dem Eintrittsende des Ofens zur Bildung eines Vorschaltelements für den Ofen ausgerichtet werden kann und einen neben dem Eintrittsende des Ofens anzuordnenden Auslaß sowie einen Einlaß aufweist;
eine Einrichtung (64) zum Abziehen von Luft aus dem oberen Bereich der Kammer nahe dem Auslaß ; und
eine Einrichtung (46) zur Zuführung von Luft zum unteren Bereich der Kammer.
die dem unteren Bereich zugeführte Luft die dem oberen Bereich entzogene Luft ist.
die Sperre femer ein Gebläse zum Abziehen von Luft aus dem oberen Bereich und eine Kanalanordnung aufweist, die vom Auslaß des Gebläses in den unteren Bereich führt.
der obere Teil des Einlasses abgesperrt ist, so daß eine Öffnung mit verhältnismäßig geringer Höhe darunter gebildet ist; und
die Sperre ferner eine Einrichtung aufweist, welche eine Deckenplatte (60) bildet, welche vom Einlaß zum Auslaß schräg nach oben verläuft.
die Sperre für die Verwendung mit einem Bodenförderer (16) dient und in ihrem unteren Bereich so ausgebildet ist, daß sie an einen Bodenförderer angepaßt ist.
der Ofen eine Konvektionstrockenzone (14) aufweist ;
die vom oberen Bereich der Sperrkammer abgezogene Luft zur Konvektionszone des Ofen geleitet wird ; und
die dem unteren Bereich der Sperrkammer zugeführte Luft aus der Konvektionszone des Ofens abgeleitet wird.
die Kanalanordnung (76) für die aus dem oberen Bereich der Sperrkammer (20) abgezogene Luft mit dem Abluft-Kanalsystem (82) der Konvektionszone (14) des Ofens verbunden ist; und
die Kanalanordung (80) für die im unteren Bereich der Sperrkammer zugeführte Luft mit dem Luftzufuhr-Kanalsystem (84) der Konvektionszone (14) des Ofens verbunden ist.
kontinuierlich Luft aus dem oberen Bereich des Eintrittsendes entnommen wird ; während
kontinuierlich Luft dem unteren Bereich des Eintrittsendes zugeführt wird.
die dem unteren Bereich des Eintrittsendes zugeführte Luft die dem oberen Bereich des Eintrittsendes entnommene Luft ist; und
die Luftströmung derart geregelt wird, daß im wesentlichen jeglicher Temperaturgradient, gemessen längs der vertikalen Abmessung des Eintrittsendes, ausgeschaltet wird.
eine Luftkammer als Vorschaltelement für den Einlaß des Ofens gebildet wird ;
Luft aus dem oberen Bereich der Luftkammer nahe dem Ofeneinlaß abgezogen wird ; und
Luft dem unteren Bereich der Luftkammer zugeführt wird.
un compartiment de rideau d'air (20) placé en général horizontalement et comprenant deux côtés (22, 24) et un toit (26), et étant adapté pour être aligné avec l'entrée du four afin de former un préfixe du four et comprenant une sortie adaptée pour être juxtaposée à l'entrée du four et une entrée ;
un moyen (64) pour extraire l'air de la région supérieure dudit compartiment adjacent à ladite sortie ; et
un moyen (46) pour fournir de l'air à la région inférieure dudit compartiment.
l'air fourni à ladite région inférieure est l'air extrait de ladite région supérieure.
ledit rideau comprend en outre un ventilateur pour extraire l'air de ladite région supérieure et une canalisation s'étendant de la sortie dudit ventilateur jusqu'à ladite région .inférieure.
la portion supérieure de ladite entrée est obstruée pour définir au-dessous une ouverture de relativement faible hauteur ; et
ledit rideau comprend en outre un moyen pour définir un panneau de plafond (60) en pente vers le haut de ladite entrée à ladite sortie.
ledit rideau est destiné à être utilisé avec un transporteur au sol (16) et est configuré dans sa région inférieure pour loger un transporteur au sol.
le four comporte une zone de séchage par convection (14) ;
l'air extrait de la région supérieure dudit compartiment de rideau est canalisé jusqu'à la zone de convection du four ; et
l'air fourni à ladite région inférieure dudit compartiment de rideau est canalisé à partir de la zone de convection du four.
la canalisation (76) pour l'air extrait de ladite région supérieure dudit compartiment de rideau (20) est raccordée au système de canalisation de sortie d'air (82) de la zone de convection (14) du four ; et
la canalisation (80) pour l'air fourni à ladite région inférieure dudit compartiment de rideau est raccordée au système de canalisation d'entrée d'air (84) de la zone de convection (14) du four.
extraire de manière continue l'air de la région supérieure de ladite entrée ; tout en
fournissant de manière continue de l'air à la région inférieure de ladite entrée.
l'air fourni à la région inférieure de ladite entrée est l'air extrait de la région supérieure de ladite entrée ; et
la circulation d'air est régulée pour éliminer substantiellement tout gradient de température mesuré le long de la dimension verticale de ladite entrée.
établir un compartiment d'air comme préfixe à l'entrée du four ;
extraire l'air de la région supérieure dudit compartiment d'air adjacent à ladite entrée du four ; et
fournir de l'air à la région inférieure dudit compartiment d'air.