[0001] This invention relates to induction heating circuits for cooking appliances.
[0002] Such circuits may comprise a rectifier for converting A.C. mains supply to direct
current which is then converted by an inverter to an alternating supply at a suitable
frequency, usually in the range of from 20-35 kc/s. That supply energises a coil which
induces currents in a suitable utensil placed over the coil thereby heating the utensil
and its contents.
[0003] The present invention is particularly concerned with the coil and its construction
and has the object of providing a coil having a requisite inductance but which is
of a smaller physical size than has been possible hitherto.
[0004] The present invention also provides a method of energising such a coil.
[0005] According to the present invention, a pan heating coil for an induction heating appliance
of a cooking appliance comprises a coil of Litz wire of flat pancake form with the
conductors of the Litz wire divided into two groups electrically connected together
to form a three terminal inductor, the connection between the groups being of opposing
ends of the groups and in which the mutual inductance between the two groups is substantially
unity.
[0006] According to another aspect of the present invention, an induction heating circuit
for a cooking appliance comprises a pan heating coil powered from a power source via
a switching device and in which the pan heating coil is a coil of Litz wire of flat
pancake form with the conductors of the Litz wire divided into two groups electrically
connected together to form a three terminal inductor, the connection between the groups
being of opposing ends of the groups and in which the mutual inductance between the
two groups is substantially unity.
[0007] The switching device may be in series connection with one group across the power
supply, the other group being in series connection with a diode across the power supply,
the diode being poled to allow current flow through the other group only when the
switching device is non-conducting.
[0008] Means may be provided for switching the switching device into conducting and non-conducting
states of equal duration.
[0009] By way of example only a heating coil embodying the invention and a method of energising
the coil will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying
drawing which is a circuit diagram of the embodiment.
[0010] A rectified and smoothed d.c. supply VS is applied across a capacitor CS in parallel
connection with which is a branched circuit containing an inductor LM and a switching
device S1 in one branch and a second inductor LA and a diode D1 in the other branch.
[0011] Inductors LM and LA constitute the pan heating coil which has the physical form of
a single pancake winding of Litz wire. The two inductors are produced by dividing
the conductors of the Litz wire into two groups. The two inductors thus formed are
electrically connected to produce a three terminal inductor, the joint between the
two groups being a connection of opposing ends of the groups. The mutual coupling
between the two groups is as near unity as possible.
[0012] When switch S1 is closed, current will flow through inductor LM only and will increase
linearly at a rate defined by VS/LM amps/sec.. Whilst that current flow is increasing,
the voltage at the cathode of diode D1 will be increased to 2VS because of the coupling
between the inductors.
[0013] If switch S1 is now opened, the inductor terminal voltage at the junction S1-C2 will
increase rapidly to a value of at least 2VS. At that voltage, diode D1 will be forward
biassed and will conduct allowing energy stored in the inductor to flow into capacitor
CS.
[0014] As switch S1 is opened, any leakage inductance between inductors LM and LA will produce
a voltage at the junction additional to the 2VS excursion and therefore leakage inductance
must be kept to a minimum.
[0015] The switching cycle just described is repeated at a frequency within the range 20
kHz to 35 kHz, the ON-OFF periods being of equal duration so avoiding any net d.c.
component.
[0016] In practice, the switch device S1 will be a semi-conductor switch for example a thyristor
which may be a gate turn-off thyristor or a bipolar high voltage device. ON-OFF switching
of the semi-conductor switch may be controlled by a timing circuit in a manner similar
to that described in co-pending Patent Application No. (Case 218). The timing circuit
will be under the control of the user.
[0017] Also included will be an interrogation circuit and a pan sensing circuit as described
in the Patent Application just referred to as well as circuit monitoring devices.
[0018] The cooking appliance may be a hob unit in case one or more of the pan heating units
may be of the form described above. Other pan heating units may be gas burners and/or
electric heating units.
[0019] The invention may also be embodied in a cooker which may be free-standing. One or
more of the top or pan heating units may be of the form described above. Other top
heating units may he gas burners and/or electric heating units.
1. A pan heating coil for an induction heating circuit of a cooking appliance comprising
a coil of Litz wire of flat pancake form with the conductors of the Litz wire divided
into two groups electrically connected together to form a three terminal inductor,
the connection between the groups being of opposing ends of the groups and in which
the mutual inductance between the two groups is substantially unity.
2. An induction heating circuit for a cooking appliance comprising a pan heating coil
powered from a power source via a switching device and in which the pan heating coil
is a coil of Litz wire of flat pancake form with the conductors of the Litz wire divided
into two groups electrically connected together to form a three terminal inductor,
the connection between the groups being of opposing ends of the groups and in which
the mutual inductance between the two groups is substantially unity.
3. An induction heating circuit as claimed in claim 2 in which the switching device
is in series connection with one group across the power supply, the other group being
in series connection with a diode across the power supply, the diode being poled to
allow current flow through the other group only when the switching device is non-conducting.
4. An inducting heating circuit as claimed in claim 2 or 3 in which means are provided
for switching the switching device into conducting and non-conducting states of equal
duration.
5. A pan heating coil for an induction heating circuit of a cooking appliance substantially
as herein described with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.