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(11) | EP 0 334 427 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | Alkyl sulphonyl peroxycarboxylic acids and bleaching and detergent compositions containing the same |
| (57) The present disclosure relates to alkyl sulphonyl peroxycarboxylic acids, processes
for preparing such acids, and their use as additives in bleaching, detergent, cleaning
and/or disinfecting compositions. |
[0001] The invention relates to storage-stable bleaching agents of the general structural formula
where R is a linear or branched alkyl group and n is equal to 1 or more. The invention also relates to detergent, bleaching, cleaning and/or disinfecting compositions which incorporate such bleaching agents.
[0002] European Patent Application 0 267 175 broadly discloses sulfone peroxycarboxylic acids of the general formula
wherein A and B are organic moieties and A or B contains at least one C(O) - OOH group. According to European Patent Application 0 267 175, A and/or B may incorporate any of many organic substituents, including alkyl, aralkyl (inclusive of cyclic, straight and branched chain radicals), aryl groups and alkaryl groups. Organic substituents having 1-18 carbon atoms are preferred for A and B. In its examples, European Patent Application 0 267 175 reports the bleaching and stability performance of various sulfone peroxycarboxylic acids, including 3-decylsulfonylperoxypropionic acid.
[0003] European Patent Application No. 0 166 571 provides a broad disclosure of peracids which may be used as cleaners and laundry bleaches. In said patent application, peracids of the following general formula are disclosed:
[RX]m AOOH
where R is hydrocarbyl or alkoxylated hydrocarbyl, X is 0, SO2, N(R')2, P(R')2, P(R )-0 or N(R)-O (where R is H or alkyl) and A is one of various carbonyl-containing radicals. Only three peracids (in the form of bleach activators) are actually produced as working examples in European Patent Application No. 0 166 571. In those three peracids "X" is always oxygen. The current invention has for its objective to provide particular alkyl sulphonyl peroxycarboxylic acids which have superior stability in their peracid form.
[0004] The bleaching agents of the current invention are of the type indicated above and are characterized in that the linear or branched alkyl group R contains 6 to 9 carbon atoms and n is an integer between 1 and 10. inclusive. Preferably, n = 2 or 3. Most preferably, the alkyl group R contains 6 to 9 carbon atoms and n = 2. Specific examples of the alkyl groups of the current invention include n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, t-octyl, 2-ethyihexyl, 3,5,5-trimethyi hexyl, n-nonyl and t-nonyl.
[0005] The alkyl sulphonyl peroxycarboxylic acids of the current invention may be prepared by reacting a precursor carboxylic acid, such as alkyl sulphonyl carboxylic acid, alkyl mercaptosulphonyl carboxylic acid or alkyl sulphoxyl carboxylic acid, with hydrogen peroxide in an acidic medium. The reaction mixture of carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide may be enhanced by the presence of an additional acid, such as methane sulphonic acid or sulphuric acid. The alkyl sulphonyl carboxylic acids and alkyl mercaptocarboxylic acids may be prepared according to L. Rapoport et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 69, pages 693-4 (1947). The alkyl mercaptocarboxylic acids may also be prepared by one of the following processes:
(1) condensing a mercaptan with a haloacid, haloester or halonitrile then hydrolyzing the reaction product;
(2) alkylating a mercaptocarboxylic acid with an alkyl halogenide;
(3) reacting a mercaptocarboxylic acid, ester or nitrile with an alkene then hydrolyzing the reaction product; or
(4) reacting a mercaptan with acrylic acid, acrylic esters or acrylonitrile then hydrolyzing the reaction product.
[0006] Specific precursor carboxylic acids which are useful in the processes of the current invention are an alkyl sulphonyl carboxylic acid of the following formula
an alkyl mercaptocarboxylic acid of the followinq formula
or an alkyl sulphoxyl carboxylic acid of the following formula
wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group containing 6 to 9 carbon atoms and n is an integer between 1 and 10, inclusive.
[0007] Additionally the alkyl sulphonyl peroxycarboxylic acids of the current invention may also be prepared in situ in a liquor or solution for washing, bleaching, cleaning and/or disinfecting. Such in situ preparation of the compounds of the current invention is carried out in a manner similar to that described in references known in the art which employ bleach activators (for example, U.S. patents 3 163 606 and 4 412 934 and the European patent application 202 698).
[0008] As mentioned above, the compound according to the invention is an effective bleaching agent. Therefore the compound may be advantageously employed in bleaching, detergent, cleaning and/or disinfecting compositions. The amount of the current compound which is used in such compositions varies depending on the desired use. Further, it may be desirable to prepare blends or mixes of two or more compounds of the current invention to obtain a combined bleaching agent. For example, some compounds are more effective bleaches for hydrophobic stains while others are more effective for hydrophilic stains. Bleaching agents may also be obtained by mixing or blending one or more compounds of the current invention with other effective bleaches.
[0009] Detergent compositions incorporating the bleaching agent of the current invention will also contain a surfactant. Suitable surfactants for use in the present composition are the anionic, non-ionic and amphoteric surface active agents generally employed for this purpose. As examples thereof may be mentioned soaps of synthetic and natural fatty acids, alkyl benzene sulphonates, aliphatic sulphonates, addition products of ethylene oxide to fatty alcohols, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers and carboxyl group-, sulphate group- or sulphonate group-containing betaines. In addition to the current bleaching agent and at least one surfactant, detergent compositions of the current invention may contain the additives usually employed for detergent compositions, such as sequestering agents, fillers, builders, enzymes, fluorescent and optical brightening or whitening agents, dirt suspending agents, foam suppressors and the like. In actual practice, the detergent composition according to the invention may be in the form varying from powdered to granular and may be prepared by methods known in the art, such as crystallization or spray drying of an aqueous slurry or mechanical mixing of the substances.
[0010] Solid detergent compositions and/or bleach compositions containing alkyl sulphonyl peroxycarboxylic acids may also contain binders to provide mechanical strength and stability. For safety reasons, exotherm control agents may also be used with compositions of the current invention. The alkyl sulphonyl peroxycarboxylic acids of the current invention may also be formulated as liquid suspensions similar to those taught in European patent application 176 124.
Example 1
[0012] This Example 1 provides a description of the laboratory procedure used to prepare the alkyl sulphonyl peroxycarboxylic acid bleaching agents of the current invention. Table 1 below summarizes the preparation of three representative compounds. To produce the compounds of Table 1, a mixture of 50 ml of methane sulphonic acid (MeS03H-98%) and 0.075 mole of the precursor alkyl sulphonyl carboxylic acid was prepared for each compound. The precursor alkyl sulphonyl carboxylic acids were n-hexyl sulphonyl propionic acid, n-octyl sulphonylpropionic acid, n-nonyl sulphonyl propionic acid and n-decyl sulphonyl propionic acid for compounds 1, 2, 3 and A, respectively. Compound A is a comparative example since it is disciosed in European Patent Application 0 267 175. Over a period of 30 minutes, 0.225 mole H202 was added to each constantly stirred mixture of methane sulphonic acid and carboxylic acid. The temperature of the reaction mixture was maintained at 30`C. Stirring was continued for an additional 60 minutes at 30°C. The reaction mixture was poured into 200 ml of ice water. The resulting peracid particles were isolated by filtration (G-3 glasfilter). The obtained wet cake was dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of dichloromethane and ethylacetate then washed with water until the spent wash water had a neutral pH. Each peracid was isolated by removing the solvents in vacuo, producing a white powder. The yield from each reaction was determined by standard iodometric procedures (based on active oxygen). It should be noted that the order in which the alkyl sulphonyl carboxylic acid, an additional acid (such as methane sulphonic acid) and H202 are . combined is not essential to achieving the desired reaction product (alkyl sulphonyl peroxycarboxylic acid). That is, the reaction product is not dependant on the order of mixing. However, the order of mixing for the compounds of this Example 1 was employed for safety reasons.
[0013] Compound Example B is one of the compounds disclosed in European Patent Application 0 166 571 and is thus a comparative example.Compound B was prepared by the following method. To a 0°C mixture of 181.7 g of demineralized water, 0.47 g of the sequestering agent for metallic ions (Dequest@ 2060 S (50%)), 170.0 g methanol, 215 mmole NaOH (32.7%), 215 mmole H202 (69%) and 482.7 g CC14 was added under stirring 47.6 mmole cetyl-chloroformate (97.5%) in 54.2 g CCl4. The addition took place over a 90 minute period. During addition the temperature was maintained at 0°C. Stirring was continued for an additional period of 4 hours at 0° C. The obtained thick slurry was filtered over a G-2 and washed 5 times with demineralized water. The filtering and washing were carried out at 0 C in vacuo (1 mm Hg) providing 12.5 g solid material having an active oxygen content of 4.93% and a yield of 71.1 %. A solution of 2.84 g sodium salt of the peracid (active oxygen content = 3.68%) in 140 ml acetic acid was prepared at 20 C. To this solution 100 ml CCl4 and 350 ml demineralized water were added sequentially. The CCl4 layer was separated then washed 5 times with 50 ml demineralized water. After drying on MgSO4·2H2O, titration and removing CCl4 in vacuo, the obtained peroxy carbonic acid was a solid residue having an active oxygen content of 4.29% and a yield of 91% on sodium salt. The structure was confirmed by IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy.
Example 2
[0014] Bleaching agents which have low loss of active oxygen over time are preferred for detergent, bleaching, cleaning and disinfecting compositions. Bleaching agents which have low active oxygen loss are often referred to as "storage stable". The storage stability of the bleaching agents of the current invention were compared to that of a known bleaching additive by storing Compounds 1, 2, A and B at the conditions specified in Tables 2A and 2B. The active oxygen of each compound was determined at designated time intervals by standard iodometric procedures. The results are contained in Tables 2A and 2B. A comparison of Table 2A and Table 2B demonstrates the clear and surprising superiority of the storage stability of the compounds of the current invention. This is true even though the compounds of the current invention were stored at a temperature substantially higher than the storage temperature of Compound A and higher temperatures promote active oxygen loss.
Example 3
[0015] It is also important that bleaching agents retain their storage stability when they are combined in detergent compositions. To demonstrate such stability of the bleaching agents of the current invention, the storage stability of Compound 2 in combination with a standard test detergent ("IEC detergent") was compared with that of the commercially available bleaching agent "DPDA (desensitized) 12%" (12 wt.% diperoxydodecandioic acid and 88 wt.% Na2S04). "DPDA (desensitized) 12%" is hereinafter referred to as "Compound C". The standard detergent was of the following composition:
[0016] Two test samples were prepared by adding 400 mg of Compound 2 and 400 mg of Compound C to two separate 600 mg samples of IEC detergent. The active oxygen content of each sample was determined by standard iodometric procedures then the samples were stored at 40 C for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks Compound 2 retained 95% of its initial active oxygen and Compound C retained only 55% of its initial active oxygen.
Example 4
[0017] Two separate groups of laboratory test washings were performed to demonstrate how varying the alkyl chain length of alkyl sulphonyl carboxylic acids affects the laundry bleaching performance of such acids.
[0018] In the first group of laboratory test washings, a laboratory Linitest washer was used to examine the bleaching effectiveness of Compounds 1, 2 and A, as defined in Example 1. A control test washing without a bleaching additive of the current invention was also performed. In all four Linitest laboratory test washings, tea and red wine stained fabric swatches (4 grams) were washed in Tide@ detergent for 30 minutes in 300 ml water at 40 C.
[0019] The detergent concentration was 2.0 g/l. The concentration of the alkyl sulphonyl carboxylic acid (if present) was 20 ppm active oxygen. The bleaching effectiveness was determined with the aid of a reflectometer The reflectometer measures the light reflected in all directions at an angle of 45. when a beam of tristimulus blue light is directed perpendicularly to a piece of cloth. The value obtained from the reflectometer is called "reflectance". A higher reflectance indicates better bleaching action. The reflectance values measured for each of the four Linitest laboratory test washings are reported in Table 3A. Analysis of the data reported in Table 3A indicates that the bleaching performance of Compound 1, 2 and 3 (n-hexyl sulphonyl peroxy propionic acid, n-octyl sulphonyl peroxy priopionic acid and n-nonyl sulphonyl peroxy propionic acid, respectively) are better than, or in the case ofolive oil and soot, substantially equal to, the bleaching performance of Compound A (n-hexyl sulphonyl peroxy propionic acid).
[0020] In the second group of laboratory test washings, a miniwasher from ITT was used to examine the bleaching effectiveness of Compounds 1 and 2, as defined in Example 1. The effect of multiple wash cycles was also tested. In each miniwasher test washing, 7 towels, each with 4 swatches of stained fabric, were washed in a standard detergent (defined in Example 3) for 10 minutes (each cycle) in 12 I water at 38 C. The detergent concentration was 1.25 g/I. The concentration of the alkyl sulphonyl carboxylic acid was 6 ppm active oxygen. The bleaching effectiveness was determined by a reflectometer as described above. The reflectance values measured for each miniwasher test are reported in Table 3B. The data in Table 3B demonstrates that Compound 2 is a more effective bleaching agent than Compound 1. (It should be noted that a miniwasher test is more sensitive than a Linitest.) In addition, the data indicata that the superior performance of Compound 2 is more marked for hydrophobic stains (Stains 4 through 7 of Table 3B) than for hydrophobic stains (Stains 1 through 3 of Table 3B).
Example 5
[0021] This example compares the bleaching performance of a n-hexyl sulphonyl peroxypropionic acid (Compound 1 as defined in Example 1) to the bleaching performance of the highly effective bleaching agent diperoxydodecanedioic acid (DPDA). For a discussion of DPDA as a bleaching agent, see, for example, the article:
[0022] "Diperoxydodecanedioic Acid (DPDDA) a New Bleaching Agent for Low-Temperature Laundry Process" by Dr. Peter Kuzel, Dr. Thomas Lieser and Dr. Manfred Dankowski, published in Seifen-Ole-Fette-Wachse, 15, p. 448 (1985).
[0023] All tests of this Example 5 were run in a drum-type household Miele@ washer in about 20 I tap water (hardness about 1 m mole/I) at 30 C with 125 g standard detergent (defined in Example 3). Each wash load consisted of terry cloth towels and five additional towels, each additional towel containing 4 6x6 cm stained swatches as defined in Table 4. The bleach was rinsed together with the detergent powder into the wash tub. The reflectance of the test swatches was measured by a reflectometer as explained in Example 4. The data in Table 4 demonstrates that the n-hexyl sulphonyl peroxy propionic acid of the current invention provides bleach performance which is better thank or substantially equal to that of DPDA.
1. A storage stable bleaching agent of the general structural formula
where R is a linear or branched alkyl group and n is equal to 1 or more characterized in that R contains 6 to 9 carbon atoms and n is an integer between 1 and 10, inclusive.
where R is a linear or branched alkyl group and n is equal to 1 or more characterized in that R contains 6 to 9 carbon atoms and n is an integer between 1 and 10, inclusive.
2. A bleaching agent according to claim 1 characterized in that the alkyl group is
n-hexyl, n-octyl or n-nonyl.
3. A bleaching agent according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in
that n = 2 or 3.
4. A combined bleaching agent characterized in that use is made of at least two bleaching
agents according to any one of the preceding claims.
5. A detergent, bleaching, cleaning and/or disinfecting composition characterized
in that use is made of a bleaching agent according to any one of the preceding claims.
6. A process for preparing a bleaching agent according to any one of the preceding
claims 1-4 comprising reacting a precursor carboxylic acid with an effective amount
of hydrogen peroxide to form alkyl sulphonyl peroxycarboxylic acid characterized in
that the reaction takes place in an acidic medium.
7. The process of claim 7 wherein the precursor carboxylic acid is an alkyl sulphonyl
carboxylic acid of the following formula
an alkyl mercaptocarboxylic acid of the following formula
or an alkyl sulphoxyl carboxylic acid of the followinq formula
or mixtures thereof wherein R and n are defined as in claim 1.
an alkyl mercaptocarboxylic acid of the following formula
or an alkyl sulphoxyl carboxylic acid of the followinq formula
or mixtures thereof wherein R and n are defined as in claim 1.
8. The process of any one of the preceding claims 7 and 8 wherein the precursor carboxylic
acid and the hydrogen peroxide are reacted in the presence of at least one additional
acid.
9.The process of claim 9 wherein the additional acid is methane sulphonic acid, sulphuric
acid or a combination thereof.