Method and array for laying up stranded ropes

Abstract

 The invention relates to a method of laying up stranded ropes, in which a plurality of strands are disposed in substantially parallel interrelationship between front (12) and rear (5) attachment points, the strands being threaded through a strand guide member (7,8) having guiding apertures therein corre­sponding to the attachment points (12), the ends of the strands behind the strand guide member being rotated relatively to the strand guide member about a central axis in the longitudinal direction of the strands, the ends of the strands ahead of the strand guide member being rotated relatively to the strand guide member about their longitudinal axes in the same direc­tion of rotation as the direction of rotation of the ends behind the strand guide member and the strand guide member (7,8) during the laying up of the rope being moved from the rear strand ends to the front strand ends. In accordance with the invention the rope is laid by keeping at least a part of the strands behind the strand guide member, which is formed by a lay plate (8), in a fixed orientation relative to a ground surface, rotating the lay plate (8) and the ends of the strands ahead of the lay plate relatively to the ground about a central axis in the longitudinal direction of the strands, the lay plate and the ends of the strands rotating in the same direction and at the same speed of rotation and the parts of the strands ahead of the lay plate being supported between the lay plate (8) and the ends of the strands by means of guiding apertures in at least one support member (20) which rotates in the same direction and at the same speed of rotation as the lay plate (8) and the front ends of the strands ahead of the lay plate.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method of laying up stranded ropes, in which a plurality of strands are disposed in substantially parallel interrelationship between front and rear attachment points, the strands being threaded through a strand guide member having guiding apertures therein corre­sponding to the attachment points, the ends of the strands behind the strand guide member being rotated relatively to the strand guide member about a central axis in the longitudinal direction of the strands, the ends of the strands ahead of the strand guide member being rotated relatively to the strand guide member about their longitudinal axes in the same direc­tion of rotation as the direction of rotation of the ends behind the strand guide member and the strand guide member during the laying up of the rope being moved from the rear strand ends to the front strand ends.

[0002] Such methods are conventionally practised in a rope-­walk, the strand guide member being designated as bobbin. During the laying up of the rope the bobbin is moved in a fixed orientation relative to the ground from the rear ends of the strands to the front ends of the strands. The ends of the strands at the rear end of the rope-walk are rotated about the axis of a wheel to which they are attached. The opposite ends of the strands at the front end of the rope-walk are kept in a fixed position viewed in a circular circumferential direction, and rotated about their respective central axes in the same direction of rotation as the direction of rotation of the rear strand ends.

[0003] Particularly, inter alia wire ropes are laid up over a core, which is also a strand, extending longitudinally and centrally relatively to the other strands and rotating about its own axis together with the strands behind the bobbin.

[0004] Although this known method has been practised for a long time, it has always presented a problem in that it imposes limitations on the length and the mass of the length of rope that can be laid up with it. A particular problem is laying up ropes of both great length and great mass per length. The length of the rope that can be laid up is limited by the length of the rope-walk.

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method of laying up ropes, which permits the laying up of ropes of very great length and/or very great mass per length in a relatively simple manner.

[0006] This object is achieved in accordance with the invention by laying up the rope by keeping at least a part of the strands behind the strand guide member, which is formed by a lay plate, in a fixed orientation relative to a ground surface, rotating the lay plate and the ends of the strands ahead of the lay plate relatively to the ground about a central axis in the longitudinal direction of the strands, the lay plate and the ends of the strands rotating in the same direction and at the same speed of rotation, and the parts of the strands ahead of the lay plate being supported between the lay plate and the ends of the strands by means of guiding apertures in at least one support member which rotates in the same direction and at the same speed of rotation as the lay plate and the front ends of the strands ahead of the lay plate.

[0007] Holding the parts of the strands behind the lay plate, at least a longitudinal portion thereof, in a fixed orienta­tion relative to the ground, makes it possible to rest the finished rope on the ground or, if desired, to wind it on a spool arranged on the ground. Therefore the part of the strands behind the lay plate formed into finished rope does not have to be kept tensioned or rotated in supports. On account of the fact that the parts of the strands between the lay plate and the front attachment points are supported, those parts of the strands need not span the total distance between the lay plate and the attachment points either. By arranging a sufficiently large number of support members, also for the purpose of suspending the strands ahead of the lay plate, a limited tension of the strands will suffice, so that a rela­tively light, and hence movable, array will suffice. This, in turn, offers the advantage that the maximum length of the rope that can be laid up is no longer dependent on the length of the available rope-walk in a fixed location.

[0008] In particular when heavy wire ropes are laid up, a further advantage is provided in that the array can readily be moved in the vicinity of the location where the rope is required, so that any laborious transport of the rope can be kept to a minimum.

[0009] A further advantage of the invention is that because the force required for laying up the rope is applied at the loca­tion of the lay plate, and not at the location of the attach­ment point of the end of the length of rope formed, and is passed on through that length of rope formed, the lay length can be controlled more accurately. The disturbing influence induced in the known array by the friction imparted by the finished length of rope to the strands being laid up and torsion of the length of rope formed can thus be avoided.

[0010] In a further elaboration of the invention the front ends of the strands are rotated relatively to the lay plate at such a speed of rotation that the orientation of each strand end about its longitudinal axis, relative to the ground, remains the same during rotation about the central axis. This offers the advantage that the strands are laid up without any addi­tional torsional stress.

[0011] It is advantageous in laying up heavy stranded rope when the lay plate during laying up is moved forward relatively to the ground and the part of the strands which has been formed into a finished rope is put down on the ground behind the lay plate. This renders a voluminous spool unnecessary and the risk of the rope being damaged when it is bent during winding is avoided. Further it permits a simple construction of the rear attachment points because during laying up these are kept in a fixed position relative to the ground.

[0012] It is important for the quality of a rope that it is laid up accurately with the right constant lay length. The lay length is the length of rope comprising one full winding of strands. To achieve an accurate control of the lay length the rotation of the lay plate can be driven proportionally to the displacement of the lay plate. If the parts of the strands behind the lay plate are put down on the ground, the rotation of the lay plate can be coupled to the displacement of the lay plate relative to the ground. If the parts of the strands behind the lay plate are moved relatively to the ground, then the rotation of the lay plate can be coupled to the displace­ment of the lay plate relative to the strands.

[0013] During laying up the part of the strands ahead of the lay plate, where the support members are arranged, becomes increasingly shorter. The support members should therefore be removed or displaced along the strands. The displacement of the support members can be readily effected by having the lay plate move them along the strands.

[0014] Particularly for the purpose of laying up long ropes it is advantageous when the rotation of at least a number of the support members is driven externally, the drive of the support members being coupled to the drive of the lay plate.

[0015] Although the support members may be of simple construc­tion, it is advantageous if as few as possible are required. In accordance with a further elaboration of the invention the required number of support members is reduced by virtue of the strands between the support members being passed through guiding apertures in spacers, which are suspended from the strands. Thus a situation is avoided where sagging of the strands in between the support members leads to the strands engaging each other upon rotation about the central axis and intertwine ahead of the lay plate.

[0016] The method according to the invention is rendered particularly simple and universally applicable when the displacement of the lay plate and the support members is guided by means of rails on which the attachment points are mounted too. Rails are a widely available guide.

[0017] A further object of the invention is to provide an array for carrying out the method according to the invention, comprising, for arrangement in succession in a longitudinal direction, a frame with front attachment points for strands, a frame with a strand guide member and a frame with rear attach­ment members for strands, the front attachment members being rotatable relatively to the strand guide member about their longitudinal axes and the rear attachment members being rotat­able relatively to the strand guide member about a central axis in longitudinal direction.

[0018] To this effect the invention provides that the front attachment members are rotatable relatively to their frame about the central axis as well as about their longitudinal axes, the strand guide member constituted by a lay plate is rotatable relatively to its frame, the rear attachment members are mounted on their frame in a fixed orientation about the central axis, and between the lay plate and the front attach­ ment members at least one support frame is arranged, in which a support member is mounted which is rotatable relatively to the frame about the central axis.

[0019] To achieve an accurate control of the lay length, the lay plate is preferably provided with driving means for driving the rotation about the central axis and, coupled to it, the displacement of the lay plate in longitudinal direc­tion.

[0020] During laying up, the part of the strands ahead of the lay plate, where the support means are arranged, becomes increasingly shorter. For the purpose of displacement of the support means, the support means are preferably adapted to be mobile in longitudinal direction.

[0021] Further, at least a number of the support frames are preferably provided with driving means for driving the rotation of the support members about the central axis. This makes it possible to rotate very long strands in parallel about the central axis.

[0022] For the purpose of reducing the number of support members required the array may comprise a plurality of spacers which are provided with guiding apertures corresponding to the attachment members. Thus a situation can be avoided where sagging of the strands betweeen the support members leads to the strands' engaging each other upon rotation about the central axis and their intertwining ahead of the lay plate.

[0023] To make the use of the array more general, in accordance with a further elaboration of the invention, the frames are adapted to be mobile on rails.

[0024] The array according to the invention is particularly easy to transport when adapted for accommodation in a standard container.

[0025] It is observed that as regards the laying up of very long ropes it is known per se to lay the rope by rotating relatively to the ground both a strand guide member and the front attachment members of the strands. For this purpose so-­called "closer" arrays are used in which spools constitute the front attachment members. The strands are wound on these spools, and during laying up the spools rotate about the central axis and about the axes of the strands.

[0026] The complicated construction required for this purpose is extremely expensive particularly when the construction is to have sufficient load capacity for laying up ropes of large mass per length. Laying up a rope with such an array is very inefficient because initially the strands have to be wound on the respective spools, which must then be hoisted into the array by means of a crane. Due to its large mass the "closer" array makes particularly heavy demands on the foundation, and transporting a "closer" array for laying up a stranded rope on the site is out of the question due to its large mass and overall height. Finally the quality of a length of stranded rope is adversely affected because winding the length of rope newly laid up onto the spool causes tension in the rope.

[0027] Hereinbelow one embodiment of the invention will be further explained and illustrated, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side-elevational view of the lay-up array according to the invention, with strands assembled in it for a rope to be laid up, and

Fig. 2 is a side-elevational view according to Fig. 1 after the laying up of the rope has been completed.

[0028] The lay-up array according to the embodiment shown is arranged on rail track 1. Connected to a frame 2, which during the laying up of a rope 3 is anchored relatively to the rails by means of an anchoring member 4, are rear attachment members 5 in a fixed orientation relative to a central axis in the longitudinal direction of the rails 1. These attachment members are movable in a vertical direction by means of a pivoting arm 6 onto which the attachment members are mounted for pivoting movement about a horizontal axis extending trans­versely to the rail 1.

[0029] Mounted onto a mobile frame 7 for rotational movement about the central axis is a lay plate 8. The lay plate is formed by a disc having guiding apertures therein. The frame can travel along the rails 1 by means of wheels 9. The lay plate 8 is adapted to be driven by an electric motor (not shown), which also drives at least one set of wheels 9. The electric motor is coupled to the wheels 9 and the lay plate 8 in such a way that the rotation of the wheels 9 and the lay plate 8 is carried out in a pre-determined ratio.

[0030] Mounted on a tensioning trolley 10 which is mobile along the rails is a frame 11, onto which front attachment members 12 are mounted. The attachment members 12 are connected to a disc 13 by means of swivel bearings 14. The disc 13 can rotate about the central axis and is coupled to an electric motor 15. The electric motor 15, in turn, is coupled to the electric motor of the lay plate 8, so that the disc 13 with the front attachment members 12 rotates at the same speed of rotation as the lay plate 8. The attachment members 12 are also coupled to the electric motor 15, the ratio of transmission being such that they are kept in a fixed orientation relative to the frames 2, 7, and 11. The tensioning trolley is provided with brakes.

[0031] Ahead of the tensioning trolley there is an attachment point 16 which is fixed relatively to the rails 1 and intended for a tensioning line 17, used to tension a core 18.

[0032] Arranged between the front attachment points 12 and the lay plate 8 are support frames 19 onto which support members 20 are mounted for rotating movement about the central longi­tudinal axis. The support members 20 are constructed as discs with apertures that correspond to the attachment members 5 and 12. The support members 20 may be coupled to an electric motor which in turn is coupled to the electric motor for rotating the lay plate 8, so that the support members 20 can be rotated at the same speed of rotation as the lay plate 8. The support frames each comprise a set of wheels 21 and collapsible trestles 22.

[0033] Reference numeral 23 designates a spacer which, follow­ing a support member 20, the lay plate 8 or the attachment members member 12 can be arranged about strands 24, which are to be laid up about the core 18, and the core 18. To that effect the strands and the core are passed through the apertures provided in the spacer.

[0034] The array is operated as follows. The strands 24 are mounted between corresponding attachment points onto the attachment members 5 and 12, the strands being threaded through corresponding guiding apertures in the lay plate 8 and the support members 20. A strand 18 functioning as core is tensioned between an attachment point 5 and the fixed attach­ment point 16 ahead of the tensioning trolley 10 and also threaded through respective corresponding guiding apertures in the lay plate 8 and the support members 20. The tensioning trolley 10 is driven forward, pulled, for instance, by a winch arranged near the attachment point 16, until the strands 24 are sufficiently taut to permit the lay plate 8, the spacer 23, the support members 20 and the attachment members points 12 to be rotated without the strands 24 coming into contact with each other.

[0035] The actual laying up of the rope 3 is initiated by starting the motors, which drive the rotation of the lay plate 8, the support members 20 and the attachment points 12. During the laying up of the rope the lay plate 8 is moved forward. Each time the lay plate 8 meets with a support frame 19, the collapsible trestles 22 collapse and the support frame is moved along the strands 24.

[0036] As the strands 24 are laid up about the core 18, the ends of the strands 24 at the location of the attachment points 12 move backwards relatively to the front end of the core 18. The tensioning trolley 10, therefore, moves backwards during the laying up of the rope. If a suitable length is chosen for the strands 24 and the core 18, the strands and the core will be in one plane after laying up, as shown in Fig. 2.

[0037] The laying up of rope 3 is terminated when the lay plate 8, or in this case the first or leading support frame 19, which has been moved on by the lay carriage, reaches the tensioning trolley. The part of the strands 24 which in that situation still extends through the lay plate and the support members cannot be laid up to form a rope. This is not a drawback, however, because such parts of the strands 24 in practice can be used to form a splice.

Claims

1. A method of laying up stranded ropes, in which a plurality of strands are disposed in substantially parallel inter­relationship between front and rear attachment points, the strands being threaded through a strand guide member having guiding apertures therein corresponding to the attachment points, the ends of the strands behind the strand guide member being rotated relatively to the strand guide member about a central axis in the longitudinal direction of the strands, the ends of the strands ahead of the strand guide member being rotated relatively to the strand guide member about their longitudinal axes in the same direction of rotation as the direction of rotation of the ends behind the strand guide member and the strand guide member during the laying up of the rope being moved from the rear strand ends to the front strand ends, characterized by laying up the rope by keeping at least a part of the strands behind the strand guide member, which is formed by a lay plate, in a fixed orientation relative to a ground surface, rotating the lay plate and the ends of the strands ahead of the lay plate relatively to the ground about a central axis in the longitudinal direction of the strands, the lay plate and the ends of the strands rotating in the same direction and at the same speed of rotation, and the parts of the strands ahead of the lay plate being supported between the lay plate and the ends of the strands by means of guiding apertures in at least one support member which rotates in the same direction and at the same speed of rotation as the lay plate and the front ends of the strands ahead of the lay plate.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the front ends of the strands are rotated relatively to the lay plate at such a speed of rotation that the orientation of each strand end about its longitudinal axis relative to the ground remains the same during the rotation about the central axis.

3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the laying up the lay plate travels forward relatively to the ground, and the part of the strands that has been formed into a finished rope is rested on the ground behind the lay plate.

4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation of the lay plate is driven proportionally to the displacement of the lay plate.

5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the rotation of the lay plate is effected proportionally to the displacement of the lay plate relative to the ground.

6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the rotation of the lay plate is effected proportionally to the displacement of the lay plate relative to the strands.

7. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the support members are displaced by moving them along the strands by means of the lay plate.

8. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation of at least a number of the support members is driven externally, the drive of the support members being coupled to the drive of the lay plate.

9. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the strands between the support members are threaded through guiding apertures provided in spacers which are suspended from the strands.

10. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement of the lay plate and the support members is guided by means of rails on which the attachment points for the strand ends are mounted too.

11. Array for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising, for arrangement in succession in a longitudinal direction, a frame with front attachment points for strands, a frame with a strand guide member and a frame with rear attachment members for strands, the front attachment members being rotatable relatively to the strand guide member about their longitudinal axes and the rear attachment members being rotatable relatively to the strand guide member about a central axis in longitudinal direction, characterized in that the front attachment members are rotatable relatively to the frame about the central axis as well as about their longitudi­nal axes, the strand guide member formed by a lay plate is rotatable relatively to its frame, the rear attachment members are mounted on their frame in a fixed orientation about the central axis, and between the lay plate and the front attach­ment members at least one support frame is arranged, in which a support member is mounted which is rotatable relatively to the frame about the central axis.

12. Array according to claim 11, characterized in that the lay plate comprises driving means for driving the rotation about the central axis and, coupled to it, the displacement of the lay plate in longitudinal direction.

13. Array according to claim 11, characterized in that the support members are constructed so as to be mobile in longitu­dinal direction.

14. Array according to claim 11, characterized in that at least a number of the support frames comprises driving means for driving the rotation of the support member about the central axis.

15. Array according to claim 11, characterized by a plurality of spacers having guiding apertures therein corresponding to the attachment members.

16. Array according to claim 11, characterized in that the frames are constructed so as to be mobile on rails.

17. Array according to claim 11, characterized in that it can be accommodated in a standard container.

Drawing