Field of the Invention
[0001] The invention relates to the field of gas cleaning, and more specifically to pulse
voltage supplies for electrostatic precipitators.
Frior Art
[0002] Widely known in the art is a pulse voltage supply for electrostatic precipitators
(K.Porle et al."Snizhenie vybrosov potreblyaemoi energii s pomoshju impulsnogo pitania
elektrofiltrov" International Conference on Electrostatic Precipitation, Nos. 12 -
15 , 1984, Kyoto, Japan, p. 77 ), comprising a step - up transformer with the primary
thereof connected via a thyristor controller to a sine voltage supply. The thyristor
gates in the thyristor controller are connected to the outputs of a control unit.
The corona--forming and precipitating electrodes are connected to the inputs of an
electrostatic precipitator parameters sensor, the output whereof is connected to the
input of the control unit. The secondary of the step-up transformer is connected to
the inputs of a bridje rectifier. The voltage supply further comprises a capacitor
with the first lead thereof connected to the first input of the bridge rectifier and,
via connected in series choke and parallel-opposition connected electronic key end
gate, to the corona--forming electrode of the electrostatic precipitator, and with
the second lead thereof connected to the precipitating electrode of the electrostatic
precipitator and to the second input of the bridge rectifier. The terminal of a heavy-duty
contact and the control input of the electronic key are connected to the output of
a pulse generator.
[0003] At a disabled electronic key, the voltage across the electrostatic precipitator electrodes
is approximately equal to the corona initiation voltage. The capacitor connected across
the output of the bridge rectifier is charged to a voltage, the magnitude whereof
is.set by the thyristor controller under control of a signal, arriving at the control
input thereof from the output of the control unit and depending on the electric processes
in the electrostatic precipitator. Enabling the electronic key initiates an oscillatory
process in the oscillatory network "capacitor--electrostatic precipitator electrodes-choke"
and the voltage across the electrostatic precipitator electrodes exceeds the voltage
drop across the capacitor. Thus, a pulse voltage is generated at the electrostatic
precipitator electrodes. In this voltage supply a spark or arc breakdown results in
considerable overvoltage across its components: capacitor, electronic key, electrostatic
precipitator electrodes, this impairing the voltage supply performance reliability.
In operation, the electronic key may be enabled earlier than the thyristors of the
thyristor controller. Under such conditions, a breakdown in the electrostatic precipitator
at a voltage across its electrodes equal to the amplitude of the pulse voltage causes
the voltage across the capacitor to drop to zero and the electronic key has to carry
an emergency short-circuit. The thyristors in the controller are fired at a control
angle equal to its settled value, so that in the oscillatory circuit "sine voltage
supply - thyristor controller -- step-up transformer - bridge rectifier - capacitor"
an oscillatory process is set up at which the voltage across the capacitor may substantially
exceed its steady-state value.
Disclosure of the Invention
[0004] This invention is to solve the problem of providing a pulse voltage supply for electrostatic
precipitators, wherein the electric interconnection of the control unit outputs and
the electronic key inputs would allow an improvement of the gas cleaning efficiency,
while providing reliable performance of the electrostatic precipitator.
[0005] This is achieved by that in the pulse voltage supply for electrostatic precipitators,
comprising a step-up transformer with the primary thereof connected via a thyristor
controller to a sine voltage supply, a control unit with the outputs thereof connected
to the thyristor gates in the thyristor controller, a sensor of the electric parameters
of the electrostatic precipitator with the inputs thereof connected to the corona-forming
and precipitating electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator and with the. output
thereof connected to the input of the control unit, a bridge rectifier with the inputs
thereof connected to the secondary of the step-up transformer and with the first and
second outputs thereof electrically connected to the corona-forming and precipitating
electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator, a capacitor with the first lead thereof
connected via connected in series choke and parallel-opposition connected electronic
key and gate to the corona-forming electrode of the electrostatic precipitator, and
with the second lead thereof connected to the precipitating electrode of the electrostatic
precipitator, and a pulse generator with the outputs thereof electrically connected
to the terminal of a heavy-duty contact and to the control input of the electronic
key, according to the invention the outputs of the control unit are electrically connected
to the terminal of the heavy-duty contact and to the control input of the electronic
key.
[0006] It is expedient, that to increase the reliability of the electrostatic precipitator
performance the pulse generator be provided with a synchronization input, with the
output of the control unit directly connected to the synchronization input of the
pulse generator, the outputs whereof are connected to the terminal of the heavy-duty
contact and to the control input of the electronic key.
[0007] It is also advantageous, that to increase the reliability of the electrostatic precipitator
performance the pulse voltage supply further comprise an inhibitory gate with the
first input thereof connected to the output of the control unit and with the output
thereof connected to the synchronization input of the pulse generator, and a threshold
gate with the input thereof connected to the output of the electrostatic precipitator
parameters sensor and with the output thereof connected to the second input of the
inhibitory gate.
[0008] It is further suitable, that to reduce the overvoltage across components the pulse
voltage supply for electrostatic precipitators be supllemented with a logic OR gate
with the inputs thereof connected to the outputs of the control unit, a pulse shaper
with the input thereof connected to the output of the logic OR gate, a logic AND gate
with the first input thereof connected to the output of the pulse shaper, with the
second input thereof connected to the output of the pulse generator, and with the
outputs thereof connected to the terminal of the heavy-duty contact and to the control
input of the electronic key.
[0009] This invention allows increasing the pulse voltage amplitude at the electrodes of
the electrostatic precipitator, thus improving the efficiency of gas cleaning. At
the same time the overvoltage across the supply components, caused by spark and arc
discharge in the electrostatic precipitator, is reduced, the overall resulting being
an improved performance reliability of the electrostatic precipitator.
[0010] Herein below this invention is illustrated by a detailed description of the pulse
voltage supply for electrostatic precipitators with reference to specific embodiments
thereof and to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig.l shows the schematic diagram of the pulse voltage supply for electrostatic precipitators,
according to the invention;
Fig.2 shows the schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the pulse voltage supply,
according to the invention;
Fig.3 shows the schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the pulse voltage supply,
according to the invention;
Fig.4a shows the output voltage of the sine voltage supply as a function of time;
Fig.4b shows the output voltage of the control unit as a function of time;
Fig.4c shows the voltage across the capacitor as a function.of time;
Fig.4d shows the output voltage of the pulse generator as a function of time;
Fig.4e shows the voltage at the electrostatic precipitator electrodes as a function
of time;
Fig.4f shows the output voltage of the threshold gate as a function of time;
Fig.4g shows the output voltage of the pulse shaper as a function of time.
Preferred Embodiments
[0011] The pulse voltage supply for electrostatic precipitators comprises thyristor comtroller
1 (Fig.l) designed as parallel-opposition connected thyristors 2,3.
[0012] The output of thyristor controller 1 is connected to one terminal of primary 4 of
step-up transformer 5. The first and second terminals of step-up transformer 5 primary
4 are connected via thyristor controller 1 to a sine voltage supply (not shown in
the drawing), with the thyristor controller 1 control inputs 6 connected to the outputs
of control unit 7. Control unit 7 is of the generally known design configuration (G.M.-A.Aliev,
"Agregaty- pitaniya elektrofiltrovr" (Electrostatic precipitator power supplies),
Moscow, Energoizdat Publisheres, 1981,. pp.96-97. - In Russian). The corona-forming
and precipitating electrodes 8, 9 of electrostatic precipitator 10 are connected to
the inputs precipitator parameters sensor 11 designed as a voltage divider with connected
in series resistors 12,13 thereof connected in parallel to electrodes 8,9 of electrostatic
precipitator 10. The first lead of sensor 11 is connected to corona-forming electrode
8 of electrostatic precipitator 10, the second lead of sensor 11 is connected to common
bus 14.
[0013] The precipitating electrode 9 of electrostatic precipitator 10 is connected to common
bus 14.
[0014] The output of precipitator parameters sensor 11 is connected to the input of control
unit. 7.
[0015] Secondary 15 of step-up transformer 5 is connected to the inputs of bridge rectifier
16 designed with diodes 17, 18, 19, 20. The first output of bridge rectifier 16 is
connected to the first lead of capacitor 21, the second lead of bridge rectifier 16
is connected to common bus 14.
[0016] The first lead of capacitor 21 is also connected via connected in series choke 22
and electronic key 23 to corona-forming electrode 8 of electrostatic precipitator
10. Electronic key 23 is shunted by connected in series opposition connected gate
24 and choke 25. The second lead of capacitor 21 is connected to common bus 14. Terminal
26 of the heavy-duty contact and control input 27 of electronic key 23 are driven
from the outputs of pulse generator 28.
[0017] Pulse generator 23 is of the generally known design configuration (SU, A,249462).
[0018] The outputs of control unit 7 are connected to the input of pulse generator 23.
[0019] A reduction of the overvoltage level of the pulse voltage supply components is provided
by a second embodiment of the pulse voltage supply for electrostatic precipitators,
according to this invention.
[0020] In this embodiment primary 4 (Fig.2) of step-up transformer 5 is connected via thyristor
controller 1 comprising parallel-opposition connected thyristors. 2, 3 to a sine voltage
supply (not shown in. the drawing). Gates 6 of thyristors 2,3 in controller 1 are
connected to the outputs of control unit 7. Secondary 15 of step-up transformer 5
drives bridge rectifier 16 designed with diodes 17,18,19, 20. The first output of
bridge rectifier 16 is connected to corona-forming electrode 8 of electrostatic precipitator
10, the second output of bridge rectifier 16 is connected to common bus 14.
[0021] Corona-forming and precipitating electrodes 8,9 of electrostatic precipitator 10
are connected to the inputs of sensor 11. of the precipitator electric parameters,
with sensor 11 leads connected, respectively, to corona-forming electrode 8 of electrost'atic
precipitator 10 and to common bus 14 and with sensor 11 output electrically connected
to the input of control unit 7.
[0022] Precipitating electrode 9 of electrostatic precipitator 10 is connected to common
bus 14.
[0023] Capacitor 21 has one lead connected via connected in series choke 22 end electronic
key 23 to corona-forming electrode 8 of electrostatic precipitator 10. Electronic
key 23 is shunted by.connected in series opposite polarity gate 24 and choke 25. The
other lead of capacitor 21 is connected to common bus 14. Terminal 26 of the heavy-duty
contact and control input 27 of electronic key.23 are connected to the outputs of
pulse generator 28, the synchronization input whereof via inhibitory gate 29 is electrically
connected to the outputs of control unit 7. Inhibitory gate 29 has its first input
connected to the output of control unit 7 and its second input connected to the output
of threshold gate 30, the input whereof is connected to the output of precipitator
electric parameters sensor 11 and the output whereof is connected to the synchronization
input of pulse generator 28.
[0024] Inhibitory gate 29 is designed as a completely controllable switch with a transistor
of logic AND gate.
[0025] Threshold gate 30 is designed with a Zener diode, dy- nistor or operational amplifier.
[0026] A third embodiment of the pulse voltage supply for electrostatic precipitators according
to the invention may be used to reduce the overvoltage level across components of
the pulse supply.
[0027] In this embodiment step-up transformer 5 (Fig.3) has its primary 4 connected via
thyristor controller 1 to a sine voltage supply (not shown in the drawing). Thyristor
gates 6 in thyristor controller 1 are connected to the outputs of control unit 7.
Secondary 15 of step-up transformer 5 is connected to the inputs of bridge rectifier
16 designed with diodes 17,18,19,20. The first output of bridge rectifier 16 is connected
via resistor 31 to corona-forming electrode 8 of electrostatic precipitator 10, the
second output of bridge rectifier 16 is connected to common bus 14.
[0028] Corona-forcing and precipitating electrodes 8,9 of electrostatic precipitator 10
are connected to the inputs of precipitator electric parameters sensor II, the output
whereof is connected to the input of control unit 7.
[0029] Precipitating electrode 9 of electrostatic precipitator 10 is connected to common
bus 14.
[0030] Capacitor 21 has its first lead connected via diode 32 to the first output of bridge
rectifier 16, with the cathode of diode 32 connected to the first capacitor 21 lead
and the anode of diode 32 connected to the first input of bridge rectifier 16. The
first lead of capacitor 21 is also connected via connected in series choke 22 and
electronic key 23 to corona-forming electrode 8 of electrostatic precipitator 10.
Electronic key 23 is shunted by connected in series opposite polarity gate 24 and
choke 25. The second lead of capacitor 21 is connected to com- non bus 14.
[0031] The outputs of control unit 7 are electrically connected to terminal 26 of the heavy-duty
contact and to the control input of electronic key 23 via connected in series logic
OR gate 33, pulse shaper 34 and logic AND gate 35.
[0032] The first and second inputs of logic OR gate 33 are connected to the first and second
outputs of control unit 7, the output of logic OR gate 33 is connected to the input
of pulse shaper 34, designed with an operational amplifier and having its output connected
to the first input of logic AND gate 35, the second input whereof is connected to
the input of pulse generator 23. The first and second outputs of logic AND gate 35
are connected to terminal 26 of the heavy-duty contact and to control input 27 of
electronic key 23.
[0033] The pulse voltage supply for electrostatic precipitators of this invention functions
as follows.
[0034] Primary 4 (Fig.l) of step-up transformer 5, via thyristor controller 1, receives
voltage U
1 (Fig.4a) from the sine voltage supply (not shown in the drawings). The voltage from
the terminals of secondary 15 (Fig.1) of step--up transformer 5 arrives at the input
of bridge rectifier 16, the output whereof is voltage with an amplitude and frequency
determined by the firing angle α(Fig.4a) of thyristor controller 1. The signal from
the output of sensor 11 is applied to the input of control unit 7 and contains data
on the electric processes taking place in electrostatic precipitator 10, sucl. as
corona discharge in electrostatic precipitator 10, dust particle charging, dust particle
drift toward the precipitating electrode 9 in electrostatic precipitator 10, dust
particle deposition on precipitating electrode 9 in electrostatic precipitator 10.
Pulses U
i4 from the output of control unit 7 are passed to gates 6 of thyristors 2,3 in thyristor
controller 1 and set the thyristor firing angle α. Enabling thyristors 2,3 in thyristor
controller 1 at the moment of time t
1 (Fig.4a) causes voltage U
1 transformed by step--up transformer 5 and rectified by bridge rectifier 16 to be
passed to electrodes 8,9 of electrostatic precipitator 10 and to charge the equivalent
capacitance of the gap between the corona-forming electrode 8 and precipitating electrode
5 of electrostatic precipitator 10. At the same time capacitor 21 is charged via gate
24 to a voltage U
c (Fig.4c) equal to the amplitude value.
[0035] Simultaneously with U
i4 (Fig.4b) voltage pulses arriving from the output of control unit 7 (Fig.l) at the
thyristor gates 6 in thyristor controller 1, voltage pulses U
i (Fig.4d) are passed to the input of pulse generator (Fig.l).
[0036] Output voltage pulses from pulse generator 28 are applied to terminal 26 of the heavy-duty
contact and to control input 27 of electronic key 23, this causing oscillations in
the interelectrode gap between electrodes 8,9 of electrostatic precipitator 10 and
parallel to them connected capacitor 21, resulting in voltage pulses U
i (Fig.4e)
[0037] being superimposed onto pulsating voltage U
2.
[0038] Since voltage pulses U
; (Fig.4d) arrive at the input of electronic key 23 at the moment pulsating voltage
U
2 across electrodes 8,9 is at a minimum value U
min (Fig.4e),
[0039] the amplitude of voltage pulses U
i (Figs 4a, e), equal to
Ui 2(U
a-U
min), is at a maximum. This results in a corona discharge of higher intensity, leading
to an increased efficiency of dust particle charging and an increased efficiency of
gas cleaning.
[0040] Arc or spark discharges in electrostatic precipitators 10, most probable at a maximal
U
i pulse (Fig.4e) across electrodes 8,9 of electrostatic precipitator 10, at the moment
of time t
1 voltage U
i across capacitor 21 (Fig.l) drops off to zero and the emergency value of short-circuit
current flows through corona-forming and precipitating electrodes 8,9 of electrostatic
precipitator 10 and through electronic key 23. The input and output signals of control
unit 7 are zero and the next pulse (Fig.4b) fails to arrive from the output of pulse
generator 28 (Fig.1) at terminal 26 of the heavy-duty contact and at control input
27 of electronic key 23.
[0041] On conclusion of the breakdown, at the moment of time
t2 voltage U
c (Fig.4c) across capacitor 21 (Fig.1) and voltage U
2 (Fig.4e) at the corona-forming and precipitating electrodes 8,9 of electrostatic
precipitator 10 gradually rise, in accordance with the increase in firing angle (Fig.
4b) of thyristor controller 1; α'<α''<α''', from α - 0 at which the output signal
of cnntrol unit 7 (Fig. 1) is zero to the value corresponding to the steady-state
firing angle of thyristor controller 1.
[0042] Voltage pulses (Fig.4b) generated at the output of control unit 7 (Fig.1) are gradually
increased in duration from zero to the steady-state duration. At the same time pulses
(Fig.4d) from the output of pulse generator 28 arrive at terminal 26 of the heavy-duty
contact and at control input 27 of electronic key 23. Voltage U
c (Fig.4c)
[0043] across capacitor 21 (Fig.1) and voltage U
2 (Fig.4e) at corona-forming and precipitating electrodes 8,9 of electrostatic precipitator
10 gradually increase, so that the mean value of voltage U
2 and the amplitude of the voltage pulse gradually attain their steady-state values,
this reducing the level of overvoltage across electrodes 8,9 (Fig.1) of electrostatic
precipitator 10, across capacitor 21 and across electronic key 23.
[0044] The second embodiment of the pulse voltage supply for electrostatic precipitators
described herein above functions in a similar manner.
[0045] In case of a breakdown in the electrostatic precipitator, inhibitory gate 29 inhibits
passage of a signal to the input of pulse generator 23 from the output of control
unit 7.
[0046] The value of threshold voltage U
n in threshold gate 30 is set approximately equal to corona discharge.initiation voltage
in electrostatic precipitator 10. At a voltage across the electrostatic precipitator
exceeding threshold gate 30 generates at its output signal U
n (Fig.4f) allowing passage of voltage pulses from the output of control unit 7 to
the input of pulse generator 28.
[0047] At a voltage across corona-forming and precipitating electrodes 8,9 of electrostatic
precipitator 10 below the output signal of threshold gate
30 inhibits passage of pulses to the input of pulse generator 28 from the output of
control unit 7. Only from the moment of time t
3 (Fig.4b), when the voltage across corona-forming and precipitating electrodes 3,9
(Fig.1) of electrostatic precipitator 10 exceeds the corona discharge initiation voltage
U
k and the output signal of threshold gate 30 is U
n, pulses U
i4 from the output of control unit.7 are allowed to pass to the input of pulse generator
28, the next pulse arrives at terminal 26 of the heavy-duty contact and at control
input 27 of electronic key 23, electronic key 23 is enabled and conjoint operation
of control unit 7 and pulse generator 28 is restored.
[0048] The independent schematic diagrams of the control unit and of the pulse generator
are brought into agreement in the third embodiment of the pulse voltage supply for
electrostatic precipitators, which functions similar to the first embodiment.
[0049] Thyristor gates 6 in thyristor controller 1 receive pulses (Fig.4b ) from the output
of control unit 7, these pulses setting firing angle α of thyristor controller 1 (Fig.3).
Enabling of thyristor controller 1 causes voltage U
1 (Fig.4a) to be transformed by step-up transformer 5 (Fig.3), rectified by bridge
rectifier 16 and applied via resistor 31 to electrodes 3,9 of electrostatic precipitator
10. Capacitor 21 is charged via diode 32 and gate 24 and voltage U
c (Fig.4c), to which the capacitor is charged, is equal to the voltage amplitude.
[0050] Voltage pulses (Fig.4b) arriving at gates 6 (Fig.3) in thyristor controller 1 from
the output of control unit 7, are applied to the inputs of logic OR gate 33, at the
output whereof a sum of the output signals of control unit 7 is generated and passed
to the input of pulse shaper 34, which generates logic "1" U
i3 , pulses at its output, to be passed to the first input of logic AND gate 35. The
second input of logic AND gate 35 receives pulses (Fig.4d)
[0051] from the output of pulse generator 28 (Fig.3). In case of time coincidence of these
pulses, logic AND gate 35 generates output pulses passed to terminal 26 of the heavy--duty
contact and to control input 27 of electronic gate 23. Enabling electronic key 23
causes oscillations in the circuit capacitor 21 - electrodes 3,9 of electrostatic
precipitator 10, producing voltage pulses U
i (Fig.4e) superimposed on the pulsating rectified voltage.
[0052] In case of an arc or spark breakdown in the electrostatic precipitator, the output
signal of control unit 7 (Fig.3) disappears, the output signal of pulse shaper 34
is a logic "0" passed to the first input of logic AND gate 35, so that there is no
signal at the output thereof irrespective of the pulses at the second input thereof
from the output of pulse generator 35..After control unit 7 begins generating pulses
(Fig.4b), firing angle α gradually increases from zero to its steady-state value and
pulse shaper 34 (Fig.3) generates logic "1" signals of a duration equal to the firing
angle. Arrival of logic "1" signals at the first input of logic AND gate 35 and pulses
(Fig.4d) at the second input thereof from the output of pulse generator 23 (Fig.3)
produces voltage pulses at the output of logic AND gate 35 passed to terminal 26 of
the heavy-duty contact and to control input 27 of electronic key 23. Electronic key
23 is enabled, voltage U
c (Fig.4c) across capacitor 21 (Fig.3) and voltage U
2 (Fig.4e) on corona-forming and precipitating electrodes 3,9 of electrostatic precipitator
10 gradually rise to their steady-state magnitudes.
[0053] Synchronization provided by coupling the outputs of control unit 7 to the input of
pulse generator 23 ensures reliable performance of the pulse voltage supply under
steady-state and transient conditions, because the time of firing angle increase from
zero to its steady-state value is a halfwave of the voltage supplied by the sine voltage
supply and this is sufficient for proper operation of control unit 7 and prevents
generation of overvoltages on the pulse voltage supply components.
[0054] The use of this invention allows the pulse voltage supply performance reliability
to be improved, and the mass and overall dimensions of its components to be reduced.
Industrial Applicability
[0055] This invention can be advantageously used in power engineering at thermal power plants,
in ferrous metallurgy, in the cement industry, in construction materials manufacture.