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(11) |
EP 0 404 047 B1 |
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EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
| (45) |
Mention of the grant of the patent: |
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18.01.1995 Bulletin 1995/03 |
| (22) |
Date of filing: 19.06.1990 |
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| (51) |
International Patent Classification (IPC)6: D06F 35/00 |
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A process and a machine for washing and drying textile articles
Verfahren und Maschine zum Waschen und Trocknen von Textilwaren
Procédé et machine pour laver et sécher des articles textiles
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Designated Contracting States: |
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AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI NL SE |
| (30) |
Priority: |
23.06.1989 IT 2096589
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Date of publication of application: |
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27.12.1990 Bulletin 1990/52 |
| (73) |
Proprietor: Vota, Roberto |
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I-13061 ANDORNO MICCA (VC) (IT) |
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| (72) |
Inventor: |
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- Vellati, Pierino
I-13055 Occhieppo Inferiore (Vercelli) (IT)
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| (74) |
Representative: Marietti, Giuseppe |
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MARIETTI e GISLON S.r.l.
Via Larga, 16 20122 Milano 20122 Milano (IT) |
| (56) |
References cited: :
FR-A- 1 364 698 FR-A- 2 632 329 US-A- 3 388 410
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FR-A- 1 418 870 US-A- 2 432 766
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European
patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to
the European patent
granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall
not be deemed to
have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent
Convention).
|
[0001] The present invention concerns a process and a machine for washing and/or drying
textile products, and namely "very delicate" textile products, i.e. those liable to
dimensional shrinkage due to felting and/or relaxation, that up to now could be washed
only by hand.
[0002] Machines for washing and/or drying textile products have been widely known for long
time; said washing-machines are mainly used to wash in a water medium clothes and
linen, and they essentially comprise a rotating drum housed in a water tight bowl
and connected to an electric motor which has said drum rotate about its own longitudinal
axis. In almost all washing-machines the motor is controlled for actuation by a programmer
where the washing cycles or programmes are previously set; said programmes comprise
at least one of the following stages: pre-washing, washing, rinsing, spinning, drying.
[0003] As known, in the pre-washing and washing stages a detersive solution in water is
used, the water being generally heated by a resistor, and the drum is rotated at a
preselected speed, causing a motion which replaces the manual mechanical action; said
motion provides for the partial lifting of the articles of clothing to be washed along
the drum walls until they fall down on the bottom of the drum itself, in that the
acceleration of gravity exceeds the centrifugal acceleration caused by the drum rotation.
During the rinsing operation pure water is used or possibly additioned with products
such as softening, blueing, sizing agents, etc. During the spinning stage, water is
almost completely eliminated from the washed articles which, in the latest models
of washing-machines, are then completely dried in the drying stage by means of hot
air.
[0004] In an average household washing-machine, usually having a drum diameter of approximately
40-50 cm, the so called gentle cycles require a water consumption, for each stage,
of approximately 18-25 litres, which are discharged at the end of each stage. The
drum rotation speed for these average machines with drum having a 40-50 cm diameter,
is approximately 50-60 revolutions per minute during the pre-washing, washing and
rinsing stages, while it increases up to approximately 250 or even 1000 revolutions
per minute during the spinning stage.
[0005] The main drawback of said washing-machines lies in the fact that the above reported
type of washing, which is the most commonly used, is extremely damaging for all those
textile products classified as "very delicate", and specially for knitted articles,
in that they are particularly liable to size shrinkage due to felting (i.e. those
articles made of wool, mohair, cashmere, alpaca, camel, etc.) and/or size shrinkage
due to relaxation occurring in products made of any type of textile fibres.
[0006] Though specific washing programmes have been developed for delicate items or for
woollen goods only, the abovementioned problems and drawbacks, even if reduced, are
still present to such an extent as to make unsuitable the use of a washing-machine
for "very delicate" products, which thus can be washed only by hand.
[0007] There is therefore the need of a process for automatic washing allowing all kind
of items to be washed in a machine, included those now washable only by hand, without
causing size shrinkage (for felting and/or relaxation) such as to jeopardize the possibility
of wearing that article again.
[0008] Object of the present invention is to solve the aforesaid problems by means of a
process and a machine for washing and/or drying textile articles, especially the "very
delicate" ones, that reduces and limit within acceptable values size shrinkage due
to felting and/or relaxation of the treated items.
[0009] To this purpose, the present invention provides a process for washing textile articles
(e.g. clothing articles) according to claim 1. The invention also provides a process
for hot-air drying textile articles, according to claim 2.
[0010] The invention furthermore concerns an automatic or semi-automatic machine for washing
textile articles, according to claim 8.
[0011] The invention also relates to a machine for drying textile articles, according to
claim 9.
[0012] With reference to FR-A-2632329, the applicant has voluntarly limited the scope of
the present application, and submitted separate claims for France.
[0013] The process and the machine are especially suitable for those textile articles up
to now washable only by hand in that liable to size shrinkage due to felting and/or
relaxation. By these process and machine it will be possible to machine wash repeatedly
(at least 20 times) all the products up to now washable only by hand, and to avoid
size shrinkage, for felting and/or relaxation, exceeding 10% in area (a value deemed
as the maximum acceptable one with respect to wearability).
[0014] While the invention is mainly conceived for the so-called "very delicate" articles,
it is obvious that its use is not limited to treatment of these articles only, but
also comprises the washing and drying of all textile articles normally machine washable.
[0015] The invention will be now further described with reference to the accompanying table
and drawings, where:
- figure 1 is a graph showing the percentage of shrinkage measured on textile articles
washed according to the invention and according to the state of the art; and
- figure 2 is a graph showing the corresponding percentages of shrinkage measured on
samples of standard fabric according to the IEC method.
[0016] As is well known, the studies carried out on the problem of the size shrinkage due
to felting and/or relaxation of textile articles during their washing in water and/or
their drying, stated that said problem is mainly due to the mechanical agitation or
flapping action which the products undergoe. The known washing methods aim to reduce
said mechanical action by reducing the cycle time and the load of treated articles,
and by increasing the volume of water in the basin with respect to the "normal" cycles,
but they fail to obtain the required results.
[0017] It has now been surprisingly found that it is possible to perform the washing of
said textile products in an absolutely safe and reproducible way free from any drawback
by increasing the normal rotation speed of the drum (which is about 50-60 rounds per
minute) up to a value, as already said, equal to or higher than the lowest speed allowing
to hold the products adhering to the drum walls, notwithstanding the possible presence
of water in the basin.
[0018] In other words, the drum is rotated at such an angular speed ω that the corresponding
centrifugal force Fc is sufficient to hold every single textile product or article
adhering to the drum walls in spite of the presence of water in the drum, without
however squashing it against said walls too vigorously. In practice, a sort of "soft
spinning" is performed, where the centrifugal acceleration has a value that exceeds
the acceleration of gravity, but is lower than the centrifugal acceleration during
a stage of "strong spinning", i.e. the usual spinning stage in state-of-the-art methods.
[0019] Of course the required values of angular speed ω or of centrifugal acceleration will
vary depending on the radius r of the drum of the washing-machine. Considering an
average household washing-machine, i.e with a drum diameter within a range from 40
to 50 cm, and a wash load not exceeding 1-1.5 kg of textile products, the preferred
speed and acceleration will be those corresponding to a speed of rotation of the drum
within the range from about 80 to about 240 revolutions per minute.
[0020] Said speed of rotation is similar to the speed used, in some of the latest models
of washing-machines, during the stage of pre-spinning in order to obtain a uniform
distribution of the load, but, unlike the latter ones, it is used during the whole
washing cycle and/or during drying; said speed is thus maintained also in the presence
of soapy water in the bowl, or vassel, as well.
[0021] Anyhow, such a speed is preferably used during at least part of the actual washing
stage, in order to have every article at least partially soaked at each revolution
by the soapy solution in the bowl. The use of the speed according to the invention
provides a cleansing action that is equal and even better than that obtainable according
to known washing methods.
[0022] In order to prevent the formation of folds on the textile article, the machine will
preferably alternate periods of drum rotation at the speed according to the invention
to periods of zero speed (steady drum) and/or reduced speed (20-40 revolutions per
minute), in order to allow the articles to be differently positioned.
[0023] Moreover, at the end and/or during the different stages of the washing cycle, rotations
of the drum at high speed (250-600 rpm) are preferably performed, to remove water
and/or possible soap and detergent from the articles.
[0024] It was also noted that the total time of actual agitation or flapping of the articles,
i.e. the total amount of the washing and drying cycle periods during which the textile
articles are actually lifted and dropped at each drum revolution, is preferably within
the range from 20 to 200 seconds.
[0025] Besides the aforedescribed advantage, the washing machine and the washing process
according to the invention provide other advantages.
[0026] A first advantage consists in the possibility of reducing even by 40% the quantity
of water used in each washing cycle. In fact, according to the invention, it is possible
to reduce said volume of water in order to have a water level at approximately 3-10
cm above the lower edge of the drum, and in any case such as to at least partially
wet the textile product by temporary immersion into the soapy solution or the rinsing
water at each revolution of the drum.
[0027] In the washing-machine according to the invention this result in a consumption of
about 5-13 litres of water during the washing stage itself, as compared to the 18-25
litres previously needed.
[0028] Of course the saving of water results in a corresponding saving of the electrical
power used for heating the water up to a temperature that in a preferred embodiment
is within the range from 30 to 40 degrees C.
[0029] Furthermore, said saving of water also involves a corresponding saving of detergent.
In fact, it is sufficient to maintain the same previous concentration of detergent
to obtain a good cleansing degree of the products washed according to the invention;
therefore, keeping constant the detergent concentration value, a reduction of water
automatically involves a reduction of the detergent needed. Preferably the detergent
used will be of the liquid type with limited foam formation, but a detergent in powder
can be used as well.
[0030] The following table summarizes the above cited data for an easier comparison between
the performances according to the invention and the traditional ones.
TABLE 1
| |
Invention |
State of the art |
| Drum diameter |
40-50 cm |
40-50 cm |
| Washing load |
1-1.5 kg |
1-1.5 kg |
| Water load for the washing stage |
5-13 l |
18-25 l |
| Water consumption in each complete cycle |
40-60 l |
70-100 l |
| Detergent consumption |
40-60 g |
80-100 g |
| Rotation speed of the washing drum |
80-240 rpm |
30-60 rpm |
| Cycle Felting Severity (CFS) |
< 0.4% |
3-4.5% |
[0031] A typical programme of washing cycle using a process and a machine according to the
invention is designed in a way as to have a first washing stage prior to heating at
30-40 degrees C the soapy solution containing the detergent, followed by the washing
stage at said temperature, successively followed by 2 or 3 rinsings with cold water.
[0032] The washing takes place alternating periods of rotation of the drum at the speed
according to the invention to periods of "strong spinning" (250-600 rpm) and to periods
of steady drum (zero speed) and/or slow rotation (20-40 rpm) to allow the products
change their position in the drum and avoid the formation of folds. The heating of
the soapy solution at the desired temperature (30-40 degrees C) may take place with
steady drum or during rotation at a speed according to the invention (80-240 rpm).
[0033] The rinsing is carried out twice or three times according to the aforereported concept
of alternating rotations at different speeds and pauses; at the end of each rinsing
the water is discharged (with steady drum or rotation at 80-240 rpm) and a final high-speed
spinning is performed.
[0034] While the drum rotates at a speed according to the invention the wetting of the products
both with soapy solution or with the rinsing water occurs by temporary and at least
partial immersion of the products into the bath provided in the bottom area of the
drum. Said wetting may be made easier and improved by means of shower or spraying
systems (in the machines which are provided with said devices).
[0035] As already mentioned, the total time of actual agitation, or flapping, of the articles
should not exceed 200 seconds.
[0036] Figure 1 is a graph showing the different behaviour of a knitted article made of
"pure wool" washable only by hand (not treated for "unshrinkability") after a series
of washings according to the traditional "delicate-wool" cycle and according to the
invention cycle. On the abscissae the number of washings performed is reported, while
on the ordinates there is indicated the percentage of area shrinkage of the washed
article. The dashed line shows the behaviour of the examined article washed in a household
washing-machine with a gentle cycle according to the state of the art, while the continuous
line indicates the behaviour of the same article washed with a cycle according to
the invention.
[0037] As it can be noted, the slope of the two curves is dramatically different: the curve
of size shrinkage upon a traditional gentle cycle washing (namely with the drum rotating
at about 50/60 rpm) reaches the critical value of 10% approximately only after 4-5
washings, while the curve of size shrinkage upon a washing according to the invention
attains this value only after 20 washings. Since this value of 20 washings corresponds
to the average number of washings which a woollen article undergoes during its life,
the process according to the invention allows a woollen product "washable by hand"
to be machine washed for the whole length of its average life without being aesthetically
damaged or its use being prevented upon extreme size shrinkage.
[0038] In figure 2 it is possible to note the dramatic difference of washing severity between
a "wool-gentle" cycle according to the state of the art (drum rotation at 60 rpm)
and a cycle according to the invention. This graph was drawn using the I.C.E. method
as criterium of evaluation for measuring the felting degree (size shrinkage) of the
wool washing programmes in the household electrical washing-machines. Said method
developed by the I.C.E. (International Electrotechnical Commission) is presently still
at the draft state (document 59D (secretariat) 48) but will be made official soon.
This method evaluates the C.F.S. (cycle felting severity), that is the average felting
severity of a wool washing cycle by measuring the size shrinkage of a standard wool
sample washed (under specific conditions) in the washing cycle under test.
[0039] The short dashed line shows the behaviour of a wool-gentle-cycle (with drum rotation
at 50/60 rpm) according to the state of the art, while the continous line shows the
behaviour of the washing cycle according to the invention.
[0040] From this graph it can be gathered that the C.F.S. (average felting severity of a
wool washing cycle) of a wool-gentle washing cycle according to the state of the art
is 3.5%, while the C.F.S. of the cycle according to the invention is below 0.4%. Thanks
to the washing process according to the invention, notwithstanding such a low CFS
it is possible to obtain a cleansing efficiency of the articles similar to that obtainable
with the known cycles, but with minimal felting. It is thus possible to perform up
to 20 washings of each product without its being appreciably altered in size. These
data show that the felting severity of the cycle according to the invention is 8-9
times lower than that of the wool-gentle cycle according to the state of the art.
[0041] What reported hereinabove gives evidence that the process and the machine according
to the invention represent the ideal solution not only for the washing and drying
of "very delicate" textile articles usually washable only by hand, but also more generally
for any textile article, as already mentioned. The invention can thus be applied also
to the so-called washing-and-drying machines and to dryers, maintaining the characteristic
properties of non-felting and non size shrinkage.
Claims for the following Contracting State(s): AT, BE, CH, LI, DE, DK, ES, GB, GR,
IT, NL, SE
1. A process for washing textile articles, by means of an automatic or semi-automatic
washing machine having a rotating drum and in the presence of still soapy solution
or rinsing water within drum and bowl of said washing machine, characterized in that
during at least the washing step of said washing cycle the said drum is rotated at
an angular speed equal to or higher than the lowest speed allowing to hold the articles
adhering to the drum walls while at the same time temporarily and at least partially
immersing said textile articles in the soapy solution or rinsing water present in
the drum and in the bowl at each revolution of the drum.
2. A process for hot-air drying textile articles by means of an automatic or semi automatic
washing and drying machine or of a drying machine having a rotating drum, characterized
in that during at least part of said hot-air drying cycle said drum is rotated at
an angular speed equal or higher than the lowest speed allowing to hold said articles
adhering to the drum walls.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said washing and/or drying machine has
drum with diameter within the range from about 40 cm to about 50 cm, said drum being
rotated at a speed within the range from about 80 to about 240 rpm.
4. A process according to any claim 1 to 3, characterized in that during the washing,
rinsing and/or drying steps of said washing or drying cycle the rotation of the drum
at the aforesaid speed is alternated with periods of quick rotation (250-600 rpm),
periods of absence of rotation ("steady drum") and/or with periods of reduced rotation
(20-40 rpm); the total time of actual article agitation being within the range from
20 to 200 seconds.
5. A process according to any preceding claim, wherein during the washing and/or rinsing
step a volume of water proportional to the volume of the bowl and the drum is used,
said water volume for drums with diameter within the range from 40 to 50 cm, being
within the range from 5 to 13 litres.
6. A process according to claim 5, wherein the water level in said bowl and drum is within
3 to 10 cm above the lower edge of said drum.
7. A process according to any claim from 1 to 6, characterized in that it has a CFS (index
of cycle felting severity) lower than 0.4%, measured according to the I.E.C. regulations.
8. An automatic or semi-automatic machine for washing textile articles, of the type provided
with a rotating drum, characterized in that it is provided with means to control,
during at least part of the washing step of the washing cycle, the rotation speed
of the drum at a value equal to or higher than the lowest speed allowing to hold said
textile articles adhering to the drum walls while at the same time at least partially
immersing, said articles in soapy solution or water provided within the bowl and the
drum of said washing machine, at each drum revolution.
9. A machine for hot-air drying textile articles, of the type provided with a rotating
drum, characterized in that it is provided with means to control, during at least
part of said hot-air drying cycle, the rotation speed of the drum at a value equal
to or higher than the lowest speed allowing to hold said textile articles adhering
to the drum walls.
10. A machine according to claim 8 or 9, wherein said drum has a diameter ranging between
40 and 50 cm and said control means provide a speed of rotation within the range from
80 to 240 rpm.
11. A machine according to any claim 8 to 10, wherein said control means comprise means
to alternate, during said steps of the washing and/or drying cycle, periods of rotation
of the drum at said selected speed (80-240 rpm) to periods of quick rotation (250-600
rpm) and periods of no rotation ("steady drum") and/or reduced rotation (20-40 rpm),
the total time of actual article agitation being within the range from 20 to 200 seconds.
12. A machine according to any claim from 8 to 11, characterized in that it comprises
a washing and/or drying programme providing washing and/or drying steps according
to any claim from 1 to 6.
Claims for the following Contracting State(s): FR
1. A process for washing textile articles, by means of an automatic or semi-automatic
washing machine having a rotating drum and in the presence of still soapy solution
or rinsing water within drum and bowl of said washing machine, characterized in that
during at least the washing step of said washing cycle the said drum is rotated at
an angular speed equal to or higher than the lowest speed allowing to hold the articles
adhering to the drum walls while at the same time temporarily and at least partially
immersing said textile articles in the soapy solution or rinsing water present in
the drum and in the bowl at each revolution of the drum, and in that, during said
washing and/or rinsing steps, said rotation speed allowing to hold the articles against
the drum wall is alternated to periods of steady drum, of quick rotation and of reduced
rotation.
2. A process for hot-air drying textile articles by means of an automatic or semi automatic
washing and drying machine or of a drying machine having a rotating drum, characterized
in that during at least part of said hot-air drying cycle said drum is rotated at
an angular speed equal or higher than the lowest speed allowing to hold said articles
adhering to the drum walls.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said washing and/or drying machine has
drum with diameter within the range from about 40 cm to about 50 cm, said drum being
rotated at a speed within the range from about 80 to about 240 rpm.
4. A process according to any claim 1 to 3, characterized in that during the washing,
rinsing and/or drying steps of said washing or drying cycle the rotation of the drum
at the aforesaid speed is alternated with periods of quick rotation (250-600 rpm),
periods of absence of rotation ("steady drum") and/or with periods of reduced rotation
(20-40 rpm); the total time of actual article agitation being within the range from
20 to 200 seconds.
5. A process according to any preceding claim, wherein during the washing and/or rinsing
steps a volume of water proportional to the volume of the bowl and the drum is used,
said water volume for drums with diameter within the range from 40 to 50 cm, being
within the range from 5 to 13 litres.
6. A process according to claim 5, wherein the water level in said bowl and drum is within
3 to 10 cm above the lower edge of said drum.
7. A process according to any claim from 1 to 6, characterized in that it has a CFS (index
of cycle felting severity) lower than 0.4%, measured according to the I.E.C. regulations.
8. An automatic or semi-automatic machine for washing textile articles, of the type provided
with a rotating drum, characterized in that it is provided with means to control,
during at least part of the washing step of the washing cycle, the rotation speed
of the drum at a value equal to or higher than the lowest speed allowing to hold said
textile articles adhering to the drum walls while at the same time at least partially
immersing said articles in soapy solution or water provided within the bowl and the
drum of said washing machine, at each drum revolution, and control means to alternate,
during said washing and/or rinsing steps, said rotation speed allowing to hold the
articles against the drum wall, to periods of steady drum, of high rotation speed
and of reduced rotation.
9. A machine for hot-air drying textile articles, of the type provided with a rotating
drum, characterized in that it is provided with means to control, during at least
part of said hot-air drying cycle, the rotation speed of the drum at a value equal
to or higher than the lowest speed allowing to hold said textile articles adhering
to the drum walls.
10. A machine according to claim 8 or 9, wherein said drum has a diameter ranging between
40 and 50 cm and said control means provide a speed of rotation within the range from
80 to 240 rpm.
11. A machine according to any claim 8 to 10, wherein said control means comprise means
to alternate, during said steps of the washing and/or drying cycle, periods of rotation
of the drum at said selected speed (80-240 rpm) to periods of high speed (250-600
rpm) and periods of no rotation ("steady drum") and/or reduced rotation (20-40 rpm),
the total time of actual article agitation being within the range from 20 to 200 seconds.
12. A machine according to any claim from 8 to 11, characterized in that it comprises
a washing and/or drying programme providing washing and/or drying steps according
to any claim from 1 to 6.
13. A process for washing textile articles, with the proviso that said textile articles
are not woollen articles, by means of an automatic or semi-automatic washing machine
having a rotating drum and in the presence of still soapy solution or rinsing water
within drum and bowl of said washing machine, characterized in that during at least
the washing step of said washing cycle the said drum is rotated at an angular speed
equal to or higher than the lowest speed allowing to hold the articles adhering to
the drum walls while at the same time temporarily and at least partially immersing
said textile articles in the soapy solution or rinsing water present in the drum and
in the bowl at each revolution of the drum.
Patentansprüche für folgende(n) Vertragsstaat(en): AT, BE, CH, LI, DE, DK, ES, GB,
GR, IT, NL, SE
1. Verfahren zum Waschen von textilen Artikeln mittels einer automatischen oder halbautomatischen
Waschmaschine mit einer umlaufenden Trommel und bei Vorhandensein ruhender Seifenlösung
oder Spülwassers innerhalb der Trommel und des Behälters der Waschmaschine, gekennzeichnet
dadurch, daß mindestens während des Waschschrittes des Waschprogrammablaufes die Trommel
mit einer Winkelgeschwindigkeit gedreht wird, die gleich oder höher als die niedrigste
Geschwindigkeit ist, die es erlaubt, die Artikel an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten,
während die textilen Artikel bei jeder Umdrehung der Trommel gleichzeitig zeitweise
und mindestens teilweise in die in der Trommel und in dem Behälter vorhandene Seifenlösung
oder das Spülwasser eintauchen.
2. Verfahren zum Heißlufttrocknen von textilen Artikeln mittels einer automatischen oder
halbautomatischen Wasch- und Trockenmaschine oder einer Trockenmaschine mit einer
umlaufenden Trommel, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Trommel mindestens teilweise
während des Heißlufttrockenprogrammablaufes mit einer Winkelgeschwindigkeit gedreht
wird, die gleich oder höher als die niedrigste Geschwindigkeit ist, die es erlaubt,
die Artikel an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem die Wasch- und/oder Trockenmaschine eine
Trommel mit einem Durchmesser in dem Bereich von ungefähr 40 cm bis ungefähr 50 cm
besitzt, wobei die Trommel mit einer Geschwindigkeit in dem Bereich von ungefähr 80
bis ungefähr 240 U/min gedreht wird.
4. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß während der Wasch-,
Spül- und/oder Trockenschritte des Wasch- oder Trockenprogrammablaufes die Rotation
der Trommel mit der zuvor genannten Geschwindigkeit mit Perioden der schnellen Rotation
(250-600 U/min), Perioden ohne Rotation ("stillstehende Trommel") und/oder mit Perioden
verminderter Rotation (20-40 U/min) abgewechselt wird; wobei die Gesamtzeit der effektiven
Bewegung der Artikel innerhalb des Bereiches von 20 bis 200 Sekunden liegt.
5. Verfahren nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, bei dem während des Wasch- und/oder
Spülschrittes ein Wasservolumen verwendet wird, das proportional zu dem Volumen des
Behälters und der Trommel ist, wobei das Wasservolumen für Trommeln mit einem Durchmesser
in dem Bereich von 40 bis 50 cm in dem Bereich von 5 bis 13 Litern liegt.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, bei dem der Wasserspiegel in dem Behälter und in der Trommel
innerhalb von 3 bis 10 cm über dem unteren Rand der Trommel liegt.
7. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen von 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß es eine CFS
(Kennziffer des Verfilzungsausmaßes in einem Programmablauf) von weniger als 0,4 %
hat, gemessen entsprechend den I.E.C.-Vorschriften.
8. Automatische oder halbautomatische Maschine zum Waschen textiler Artikel von der Art,
die mit einer umlaufenden Trommel versehen ist, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß sie mit
Mitteln zur Steuerung der Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Trommel mindestens teilweise während
des Waschschrittes des Waschprogrammablaufes auf einen Wert versehen ist, der gleich
oder höher als die niedrigste Geschwindigkeit ist, die es erlaubt, die textilen Artikel
an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten, während die Artikel bei jeder Trommelumdrehung
gleichzeitig mindestens teilweise in eine in dem Behälter und der Trommel der Waschmaschine
vorgesehene Seifenlösung oder Wasser eintauchen.
9. Maschine zum Heißlufttrocknen textiler Artikel von der Art, die mit einer umlaufenden
Trommel versehen ist, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß sie mit Mitteln zur Steuerung der
Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Trommel mindestens teilweise während des Heißlufttrockenprogrammablaufes
auf einen Wert versehen ist, der gleich oder höher als die niedrigste Geschwindigkeit
ist, die es erlaubt, die textilen Artikel an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten.
10. Maschine nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, bei der die Trommel einen im Bereich zwischen 40
und 50 cm liegenden Durchmesser besitzt und die Steuerungsmittel eine Umlaufgeschwindigkeit
innerhalb des Bereiches von 80 bis 240 U/min zur Verfügung stellen.
11. Maschine nach den Ansprüchen 8 bis 10, bei der die Steuerungsmittel Mittel umfassen,
um während der Schritte des Wasch- und/oder Trockenprogrammablaufes Perioden der Rotation
der Trommel mit der ausgewählten Geschwindigkeit (80-240 U/min) mit Perioden schneller
Rotation (250-600 U/min) und Perioden keiner Rotation ("stillstehende Trommel") und/oder
verminderter Rotation (20-40 U/min) abzuwechseln, wobei die Gesamtzeit der effektiven
Bewegung der Artikel innerhalb des Bereiches von 20 bis 200 Sekunden liegt.
12. Maschine nach den Ansprüchen 8 bis 11, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß sie ein Wasch-
und/oder Trockenprogramm umfaßt, das Wasch- und/oder Trockenschritte entsprechend
den Ansprüchen von 1 bis 6 vorsieht.
Patentansprüche für folgende(n) Vertragsstaat(en): FR
1. Verfahren zum Waschen von textilen Artikeln mittels einer automatischen oder halbautomatischen
Waschmaschine mit einer umlaufenden Trommel und bei Vorhandensein ruhender Seifenlösung
oder Spülwassers innerhalb der Trommel und des Behälters der Waschmaschine, gekennzeichnet
dadurch, daß mindestens während des Waschschrittes des Waschprogrammablaufes die Trommel
mit einer Winkelgeschwindigkeit gedreht wird, die gleich oder höher als die niedrigste
Geschwindigkeit ist, die es erlaubt, die Artikel an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten,
während die textilen Artikel bei jeder Umdrehung der Trommel gleichzeitig zeitweise
und mindestens teilweise in die in der Trommel und in dem Behälter vorhandene Seifenlösung
oder das Spülwasser eintauchen, und dadurch, daß die Umlaufgeschwindigkeit, die das
Halten der Artikel an der Trommelwand erlaubt, während der Wasch- und/oder Spülschritte
mit Perioden einer stillstehenden Trommel, schneller Rotation und verminderter Rotation
abgewechselt wird.
2. Verfahren zum Heißlufttrocknen von textilen Artikeln mittels einer automatischen oder
halbautomatischen Wasch- und Trockenmaschine oder einer Trockenmaschine mit einer
umlaufenden Trommel, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Trommel mindestens teilweise
während des Heißlufttrockenprogrammablaufes mit einer Winkelgeschwindigkeit gedreht
wird, die gleich oder höher als die niedrigste Geschwindigkeit ist, die es erlaubt,
die Artikel an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem die Wasch- und/oder Trockenmaschine eine
Trommel mit einem Durchmesser in dem Bereich von ungefähr 40 cm bis ungefähr 50 cm
besitzt, wobei die Trommel mit einer Geschwindigkeit in dem Bereich von ungefähr 80
bis ungefähr 240 U/min gedreht wird.
4. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß während der Wasch-,
Spül- und/oder Trockenschritte des Wasch- oder Trockenprogrammablaufes die Rotation
der Trommel mit der zuvor genannten Geschwindigkeit mit Perioden der schnellen Rotation
(250-600 U/min), Perioden ohne Rotation ("stillstehende Trommel") und/oder mit Perioden
verminderter Rotation (20-40 U/min) abgewechselt wird; wobei die Gesamtzeit der effektiven
Bewegung der Artikel innerhalb des Bereiches von 20 bis 200 Sekunden liegt.
5. Verfahren nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, bei dem während der Wasch- und/oder
Spülschritte ein Wasservolumen verwendet wird, das proportional zu dem Volumen des
Behälters und der Trommel ist, wobei das Wasservolumen für Trommeln mit einem Durchmesser
in dem Bereich von 40 bis 50 cm in dem Bereich von 5 bis 13 Litern liegt.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, bei dem der Wasserspiegel in dem Behälter und in der Trommel
innerhalb von 3 bis 10 cm über dem unteren Rand der Trommel liegt.
7. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen von 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß es einen CFS
(Kennziffer des Verfilzungsausmaßes in einem Programmablauf) von weniger als 0,4 %
hat, gemessen entsprechend den I.E.C.-Vorschriften.
8. Automatische oder halbautomatische Maschine zum Waschen textiler Artikel von der Art,
die mit einer umlaufenden Trommel versehen ist, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß sie mit
Mitteln zur Steuerung der Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Trommel mindestens teilweise während
des Waschschrittes des Waschprogrammablaufes auf einen Wert, der gleich oder höher
als die niedrigste Geschwindigkeit ist, die es erlaubt, die textilen Artikel an den
Trommelwänden haftend zu halten, während die Artikel bei jeder Trommelumdrehung gleichzeitig
mindestens teilweise in eine in dem Behälter und der Trommel der Waschmaschine vorgesehene
Seifenlösung oder Wasser eintauchen, und mit Steuerungsmitteln versehen ist, um während
der Wasch- und/oder Spülschritte die Umlaufgeschwindigkeit, die das Halten der Artikel
an der Trommelwand erlaubt, mit Perioden stillstehender Trommel, hoher Umlaufgeschwindigkeit
und verminderter Rotation abzuwechseln.
9. Maschine zum Heißlufttrocknen textiler Artikel von der Art, die mit einer umlaufenden
Trommel versehen ist, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß sie mit Mitteln zur Steuerung der
Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Trommel mindestens teilweise während des Heißlufttrockenprogrammablaufes
auf einen Wert versehen ist, der gleich oder höher als die niedrigste Geschwindigkeit
ist, die es erlaubt, die textilen Artikel an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten.
10. Maschine nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, bei der die Trommel einen im Bereich zwischen 40
und 50 cm liegenden Durchmesser besitzt und die Steuerungsmittel eine Umlaufgeschwindigkeit
innerhalb des Bereiches von 80 bis 240 U/min zur Verfügung stellen.
11. Maschine nach den Ansprüchen 8 bis 10, bei der die Steuerungsmittel Mittel umfassen,
um während der Schritte des Wasch- und/oder Trockenprogrammablaufes Perioden der Rotation
der Trommel mit der ausgewählten Geschwindigkeit (80-240 U/min) mit Perioden hoher
Geschwindigkeit (250-600 U/min) und Perioden keiner Rotation ("stillstehende Trommel")
und/oder verminderter Rotation (20-40 U/min) abzuwechseln, wobei die Gesamtzeit der
effektiven Bewegung der Artikel innerhalb des Bereiches von 20 bis 200 Sekunden liegt.
12. Maschine nach den Ansprüchen 8 bis 11, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß sie ein Wasch-
und/oder Trockenprogramm umfaßt, das Wasch- und/oder Trockenschritte entsprechend
den Ansprüchen von 1 bis 6 vorsieht.
13. Verfahren zum Waschen von textilen Artikeln mit dem Vorbehalt, daß die textilen Artikel
keine Wollartikel sind, mittels einer automatischen oder halbautomatischen Waschmaschine
mit einer umlaufenden Trommel und bei Vorhandensein ruhender Seifenlösung oder Spülwassers
innerhalb der Trommel und des Behälters der Waschmaschine, gekennzeichnet dadurch,
daß mindestens während des Waschschrittes des Waschprogrammablaufes die Trommel mit
einer Winkelgeschwindigkeit gedreht wird, die gleich oder höher als die niedrigste
Geschwindigkeit ist, die es erlaubt, die Artikel an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten,
während die textilen Artikel bei jeder Umdrehung der Trommel gleichzeitig zeitweise
und mindestens teilweise in die in der Trommel und in dem Behälter vorhandene Seifenlösung
oder das Spülwasser eintauchen.
Revendications pour l'(les) Etat(s) contractant(s) suivant(s): AT, BE, CH, LI, DE,
DK, ES, GB, GR, IT, NL, SE
1. Procédé pour laver des articles textiles au moyen d'une machine à laver automatique
ou semi-automatique ayant un tambour rotatif et en présence d'une solution savonneuse
ou d'une eau de rinçage immobile à l'intérieur du tambour et de la cuve de ladite
machine à laver, caractérisé en ce que, pendant au moins l'étape de lavage dudit cycle
de lavage, ledit tambour est mis en rotation à une vitesse angulaire égale ou supérieure
à la vitesse la plus faible permettant de maintenir les articles collés aux parois
du tambour tout en immergeant, au même moment, de manière temporaire et au moins partiellement,
lesdits articles textiles dans la solution savonneuse ou dans l'eau de rinçage présente
dans le tambour et dans la cuve, à chaque révolution du tambour.
2. Procédé pour sécher des articles textiles à l'air chaud au moyen d'une machine à laver
et à sécher automatique ou semi-automatique ou d'une machine à sécher ayant un tambour
rotatif, caractérisé en ce que, pendant au moins une partie dudit cycle de séchage
à l'air chaud, ledit tambour est mis en rotation à une vitesse angulaire égale ou
supérieure à la vitesse la plus faible permettant de maintenir lesdits articles collés
aux parois du tambour.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel ladite machine à laver et/ou sécher
possède un tambour d'un diamètre compris dans la plage d'environ 40 à environ 50 cm,
ledit tambour étant mis en rotation à une vitesse comprise dans la plage d'environ
80 à environ 240 tours par minute.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, pendant
les étapes de lavage, rinçage et/ou séchage dudit cycle de lavage ou séchage, la rotation
du tambour à la vitesse précédemment mentionnée est alternée avec des périodes de
rotation rapide (250 à 600 tours par minute), avec des périodes d'absence de rotation
("tambour stationnaire") et/ou avec des périodes de rotation lente (20 à 40 tours
par minute) ; la durée totale d'agitation réelle d'un article étant comprise dans
la plage de 20 à 200 secondes.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, pendant
l'étape de lavage et/ou rinçage, un volume d'eau, proportionnel au volume de la cuve
et du tambour, est utilisé, ledit volume d'eau, pour des tambours ayant un diamètre
compris dans la plage de 40 à 50 cm, étant compris dans la plage de 5 à 13 litres.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel ledit niveau d'eau dans ladite cuve
et ledit tambour est compris entre 3 à 10 cm au-dessus du bord le plus bas dudit tambour.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il a
un CFS (indice de sévérité de feutrage par cycle) inférieur à 0,4 %, mesuré selon
les règles I.E.C..
8. Machine automatique ou semi-automatique pour laver des articles textiles, du type
muni d'un tambour rotatif, caractérisé en ce qu'elle est munie d'un moyen pour commander,
pendant au moins une partie de l'étape de lavage du cycle de lavage, la vitesse de
rotation du tambour à une valeur égale ou supérieure à la vitesse la plus faible permettant
de maintenir lesdits articles textiles collés aux parois du tambour tout en immergeant,
au même moment, au moins partiellement, lesdits articles dans la solution savonneuse
ou dans l'eau présente dans le tambour et dans la cuve de ladite machine, à chaque
révolution du tambour.
9. Machine pour sécher des articles textiles à l'air chaud, du type muni d'un tambour
rotatif, caractérisé en ce qu'elle est munie d'un moyen pour commander, pendant au
moins une partie dudit cycle de séchage à l'air chaud, la vitesse de rotation du tambour
à une valeur égale ou supérieure à la vitesse la plus faible permettant de maintenir
lesdits articles collés aux parois du tambour.
10. Machine selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans laquelle ledit tambour a un diamètre compris
entre 40 et 50 cm, et dans laquelle ledit moyen de commande procure une vitesse de
rotation comprise dans la plage de 80 à 240 tours par minute.
11. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, dans laquelle ledit moyen
de commande comprend un moyen pour alterner, pendant lesdites étapes du cycle de lavage
et/ou de séchage, des périodes de rotation du tambour à ladite vitesse sélectionnée
(80 à 240 tours par minute) avec des périodes de rotation rapide (250 à 600 tours
par minute), et avec des périodes sans rotation ("tambour stationnaire") et/ou avec
des périodes de rotation lente (20 à 40 tours par minute), la durée totale d'agitation
réelle d'un article étant comprise dans la plage de 20 à 200 secondes.
12. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'elle
comprend un programme de lavage et/ou de séchage réalisant les étapes de lavage et/ou
de séchage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
Revendications pour l'(les) Etat(s) contractant(s) suivant(s): FR
1. Procédé pour laver des articles textiles au moyen d'une machine à laver automatique
ou semi-automatique ayant un tambour rotatif et en présence d'une solution savonneuse
ou d'une eau de rinçage immobile à l'intérieur du tambour et de la cuve de ladite
machine à laver, caractérisé en ce que, pendant au moins l'étape de lavage dudit cycle
de lavage, ledit tambour est mis en rotation à une vitesse angulaire égale ou supérieure
à la vitesse la plus faible permettant de maintenir les articles collés aux parois
du tambour tout en immergeant, au même moment, de manière temporaire et au moins partiellement,
lesdits articles textiles dans la solution savonneuse ou dans l'eau de rinçage présente
dans le tambour et dans la cuve, à chaque révolution du tambour, et en ce que, pendant
lesdites étapes de lavage et/ou de rinçage, ladite vitesse de rotation permettant
de maintenir les articles contre la paroi du tambour est alternée avec des périodes
de tambour stationnaire, de rotation rapide et de rotation lente.
2. Procédé pour sécher des articles textiles à l'air chaud au moyen d'une machine à laver
et à sécher automatique ou semi-automatique ou d'une machine à sécher ayant un tambour
rotatif, caractérisé en ce que, pendant au moins une partie dudit cycle de séchage
à l'air chaud, ledit tambour est mis en rotation à une vitesse angulaire égale ou
supérieure à la vitesse la plus faible permettant de maintenir lesdits articles collés
aux parois du tambour.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel ladite machine à laver et/ou sécher
possède un tambour d'un diamètre compris dans la plage d'environ 40 cm à environ 50
cm, ledit tambour étant mis en rotation à une vitesse comprise dans la plage d'environ
80 à environ 240 tours par minute.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, pendant
les étapes de lavage, rinçage et/ou séchage dudit cycle de lavage ou séchage, la rotation
du tambour à la vitesse précédemment mentionnée est alternée avec des périodes de
rotation rapide (250 à 600 tours par minute), avec des périodes d'absence de rotation
("tambour stationnaire") et/ou avec des périodes de rotation lente (20 à 40 tours
par minute) ; la durée totale d'agitation réelle d'un article étant comprise dans
la plage de 20 secondes à 200 secondes.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, pendant
l'étape de lavage et/ou rinçage, un volume d'eau, proportionnel au volume de la cuve
et du tambour, est utilisé, ledit volume d'eau, pour des tambours ayant un diamètre
compris dans la plage de 40 cm à 50 cm, étant compris dans la plage de 5 litres à
13 litres.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel ledit niveau d'eau dans ladite cuve
et ledit tambour est compris entre 3 à 10 cm au-dessus du bord le plus bas dudit tambour.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il a
un CFS (indice de sévérité de feutrage par cycle) inférieur à 0,4 %, mesuré selon
les règles I.E.C.
8. Machine automatique ou semi-automatique pour laver des articles textiles, du type
muni d'un tambour rotatif, caractérisé en ce qu'elle est munie d'un moyen pour commander,
pendant au moins une partie de l'étape de lavage du cycle de lavage, la vitesse de
rotation du tambour à une valeur égale ou supérieure à la vitesse la plus faible permettant
de maintenir lesdits articles textiles collés aux parois du tambour tout en immergeant,
au même moment, au moins partiellement, lesdits articles dans la solution savonneuse
ou dans l'eau présente dans le tambour et dans la cuve de ladite machine, à chaque
révolution du tambour, et d'un moyen de commande pour alterner, pendant lesdites étapes
de lavage et/ou de rinçage, ladite vitesse de rotation permettant de maintenir les
articles contre la paroi du tambour avec des périodes de tambour stationnaire, de
vitesse de rotation élevée et de rotation lente.
9. Machine pour sécher des articles textiles à l'air chaud, du type muni d'un tambour
rotatif, caractérisé en ce qu'elle est munie d'un moyen pour commander, pendant au
moins une partie dudit cycle de séchage à l'air chaud, la vitesse de rotation du tambour
à une valeur égale ou supérieure à la vitesse la plus faible permettant de maintenir
lesdits articles collés aux parois du tambour.
10. Machine selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans laquelle ledit tambour a un diamètre compris
entre 40 et 50 cm, et dans laquelle ledit moyen de commande procure une vitesse de
rotation comprise dans la plage de 80 à 240 tours par minute.
11. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, dans laquelle ledit moyen
de commande comprend un moyen pour alterner, pendant lesdites étapes du cycle de lavage
et/ou de séchage, des périodes de rotation du tambour à ladite vitesse sélectionnée
(80 à 240 tours par minute) avec des périodes de vitesse élevée (250 à 600 tours par
minute), et avec des périodes sans rotation ("tambour stationnaire") et/ou avec des
périodes de rotation lente (20 à 40 tours par minute), la durée totale d'agitation
réelle d'un article étant comprise dans la plage de 20 à 200 secondes.
12. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'elle
comprend un programme de lavage et/ou de séchage réalisant les étapes de lavage et/ou
de séchage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
13. Procédé pour laver des articles textiles, à la condition que lesdits articles textiles
ne soient pas des articles en laine, au moyen d'une machine à laver automatique ou
semi-automatique ayant un tambour rotatif et en présence d'une solution savonneuse
ou d'une eau de rinçage immobile à l'intérieur du tambour et de la cuve de ladite
machine à laver, caractérisé en ce que, pendant au moins l'étape de lavage dudit cycle
de lavage, ledit tambour est mis en rotation à une vitesse angulaire égale ou supérieure
à la vitesse la plus faible permettant de maintenir les articles collés aux parois
du tambour tout en immergeant, au même moment, de manière temporaire et au moins partiellement,
lesdits articles textiles dans la solution savonneuse ou dans l'eau de rinçage présente
dans le tambour et dans la cuve, à chaque révolution du tambour.

