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(11) | EP 0 411 492 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
High voltage vacuum insulating container Unter Hochspannung arbeitendes, isolierendes Vakuumgefäss Enceinte isolante sous vide et sous haute tension |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
[0001] The present invention relates to a high voltage vacuum insulating container used for a vacuum switch tube, an electron tube or the like.
[0002] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an X-ray tube disclosed in, for instance, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 36735/1982, and Figure 7 is an enlarged view showing a part A in Figure 6. In Figures 6 and 7, a reference numeral 1 designates an insulating tube, a numeral 2 designates a sealing metal member, numerals 3 and 4 designate electrodes and numerals 3A and 4A designate terminals for the electrodes. A metal ring 11 is attached to both ends of the insulating tube so as to be close to the outer circumference of the insulating tube 1, and the sealing metal member has its free end curved with a large radius of curvature. The insulating tube 1, the sealing metal member 2 and the metal ring 11 constitute a high voltage vacuum insulating container 20.
[0003] The function of the above-mentioned high voltage vacuum insulating container will be described. Generally, the high voltage vacuum insulating container 20 used for a device such as an electron tube, a vacuum switch tube or the like maintains the electrodes 3, 4 in a vacuum condition and isolates electrically the one of the electrodes 3, 4 from the other. As a material for the insulating tube 1 which constitutes the main body of the high voltage vacuum insulating container 20, glass or ceramics is usually used. In particular, ceramics having an excellent strength is widely used. When such ceramic material is used for the insulating tube 1, it is necessary to sealingly attach the sealing metal members 2 to the insulating tube 1. The attaching of the sealing metal members 2 has been conducted by forming a metallized layer 5 such as molybdenum, manganese or the like at the ceramic side and the sealing metal members 2 are attached to the metallized layers 5 by soldering.
[0004] The conventional high voltage vacuum insulating container 20 having the above-mentioned construction had a problem that when a high voltage is applied to the container, an electric field is concentrated to a metallized layer on the ceramic tube or a soldered portion to thereby produce an electric discharge along the outer surface of the ceramic tube. In order to solve such problem, the metal ring 11 was proposed. The metal ring 11 is to moderate the concentration of an electric field near the metallized layer 5, the soldered portion or a joint portion therebetween because the metal ring 11 having a bent portion bent with a large radius of curvature is arranged in an annular form in the vicinity of the outer circumference of the both ends of the ceramic insulating tube. Thus, an electric discharge caused along the outer circumference of the ceramic tube was suppressed.
[0005] However, in the high voltage vacuum insulating container as constructed above, when a further high voltage was applied across the electrodes, there was found a creeping discharge from the metal ring 11 to the insulating tube as indicated by a reference numeral 6 in Figure 8. The creeping discharge is resulted because the metal ring 11 is disposed in the vicinity of the insulating tube 1 and the intensity of an electric field increases at the place including the metal ring 11 and the surface of the insulating tube 1 which are adjacent to each other. In order to increase a creeping discharge voltage, the metal ring 11 has to have a large radius of curvature, which results in the manufacture of a high voltage vacuum insulating container with a metal ring 11 having a large outer diameter. This is contrary to a demand of miniaturization of a container for an electron tube, a vacuum switch tube or the like.
[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide a small-sized high voltage vacuum insulating container which is usable under a high voltage.
[0007] In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a high voltage vacuum insulating container comprising a cylindrical insulating tube and sealing metal members sealingly fitted to both ends of the cylindrical insulating tube which receive therein a pair of opposing electrodes to be applied with a high voltage, a metal ring being provided at each end of the cylindrical insulating tube said ring being attached to both the tube and the sealing member and extending downward so as to surround each end in an annular form, characterized in that the metal ring has a plurality of portions bulged out with a radius of curvature toward the insulating tube wherein the top of each of the bulged-out portions is in contact with or near an imaginary line extending from the outer edge of the cylindrical tube at an angle of 45°-30° to the outer surface of the insulating tube.
[0008] In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an important portion of the high voltage vacuum insulating container according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Figures 2 through 5 are respectively longitudinal cross-sectional views similar to Figure 1 which show other embodiments of the present invention;
Figure 6 is a front view partly cross-sectioned of a conventional high voltage vacuum insulating container;
Figure 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a part A in Figure 6; and
Figure 8 is a diagram showing a creeping discharge in a conventional high voltage vacuum insulating container.
[0009] A preferred embodiment of the high voltage vacuum insulating container according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0010] In Figure 1, a reference numeral 1 designates an insulating tube, a numeral 2 designates a sealing metal member, and a numeral 11 designates a metal ring which has two portions bulged-out toward the insulating tube 1. The first and second bulged-out portions respectively have radii of curvature r1 and r2. The metal ring with the bulged-out portions are arranged in an annular form in the vicinity of the outer circumference of the insulating tube 1. The top of first bulged-out portion formed with a radius of curvature r1 and the second bulged-out portion formed with a radius of curvature r2 are respectively in contact with or near an imaginary line extending at an angle of ϑ to the surface of the insulating tube 1, the imaginary line starting from a point at or near each end of the insulating tube and near the first bulged-out portion with radius of curvature r1. The angle ϑ is preferably in a range of 45°-30°. The first bulged-out portion with radius of curvature r1 is arranged near one of opposing electrodes.
[0011] The function of the above-mentioned embodiment will be described. In Figure 1, the first bulged-out portion with a radius of curvature r1 of the metal ring 11 is arranged in the same manner as the conventional container described before, and the intensity of an electric field at the metallize layer and the soldered portion at the joined portion between the insulating tube 1 and the sealing metal member 2 can be reduced. The second bulged-out portion with a radius of curvature r2 is formed so as to be contignous to the first bulged-out portion so that the top of the second bulged-out portion is in contact with or near the imaginary line extending to the surface of the insulating tube 1 at an angle of ϑ. Accordingly, the first bulged-out portion and the surface of the insulating tube 1 near the first bulged-out portion is behind the second bulged-out portion, whereby the intensity of the electric field is reduced.
[0012] The optimum angle ϑ in the arrangements of the first and second bulged-out portions to the surface of the insulating tube 1 is in a range of 45°-30°. When the angle ϑ is smaller than that range, the intensity of an electric field at the second bulged-out portion and the surface of the insulating tube 1 near the second bulged-out portion becomes strong and a creeping discharge may cause. On the other hand, when the angle ϑ is greater than that range, the intensity of the electric field becomes small to thereby provide little effect.
[0013] If the same effect as the above-mentioned is expected with use of a metal ring 11 having a single bulged-out portion, it is necessary to use the metal ring having a bulged-out portion with a large radius of curvature. This was confirmed through experiments.
[0014] In the above-mentioned embodiment, two bulged-out portions are stepwisely formed in the metal ring 11. However, a metal ring with a single bulged-out portion wherein the top of each of the bulged-out portions as in Figure 1 are connected by a linear line, may be used as shown in Figure 2.
[0015] Three or more bulged-out portions may be formed in the metal ring as shown in Figure 3 other than two bulged-out portions as in Figure 1.
[0016] In the embodiment as shown in Figure 1, the two bulged-out portions have the same radius of curvature. However, they may have different sizes of radius of curvature. In this case, more excellent effect can be obtained by constructing the metal ring in such a manner that the radius of curvature of the bulged-out portion remote from the insulating tube is larger than that of the bulged-out portion which is near the insulating tube.
[0017] When a plurality of insulating tube are used to constitute an electron tube or a vacuum switch tube, the metal ring 11 may be provided at each of the sealing metal members 2 as shown in Figure 5.
[0018] The same effect is obtainable even by using an insulating tube made of glass instead of the ceramic insulating tube. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, a high voltage vacuum insulating container having a small outer diameter which allows the application of a high voltage, can be provided.
1. A high voltage vacuum insulating container comprising a cylindrical insulating tube
(1) and sealing metal members (2) sealingly fitted to both ends of the cylindrical
insulating tube which receive therein a pair of opposing electrodes (3,4) to be applied
with a high voltage, a metal ring (11) being provided at each end of the cylindrical
insulating tube (1) said ring being attached to both the tube (1) and the sealing
member (2) and extending downward so as to surround each end in an annular form, characterized
in that said metal ring (11) has a plurality of portions bulged out with a radius
of curvature (r₁, r₂, r₃) toward the insulating tube (1) and in that the top of each
of the bulged-out portions is in contact with or near an imaginary line extending
from the outer edge of the cylindrical tube at an angle of 45°-30° to the outer surface
of the insulating tube (1).
2. The high voltage vacuum insulating container according to Claim 1, characterized in
that said bulged-out portions have different radii of curvature (r₁, r₂, r₃).
3. The high voltage vacuum insulating container according to Claim 1 or 2 characterized
in that said imaginary line extends from each end of said insulating tube (1) and
near the bulged-out portion to the insulating tube.
4. The high voltage vacuum insulating container according to Claim 2, characterized in
that the radius (r₂, r₃) of curvature of the bulged-out portions remote from the insulating
tube (1) is larger than that (r₁) of the bulged-out portion which is near the insulating
tube.
1. Isolierender Hochspannungs-Vakuumbehälter, welcher eine zylindrische isolierende Röhre
(1) und metallische Dichtungselemente (2), welche dichtend an beiden Enden der zylindrischen
isolierenden Röhre angebracht sind, welche in ihrem Inneren ein Paar von einander
gegenüberstehenden Elektroden (3, 4) aufnimmt, an die eine hohe Spannung angelegt
werden soll, und einen Metallring (11) umfaßt, der an jedem Ende der zylindrischen
isolierenden Röhre (1) vorgesehen ist, wobei dieser Ring sowohl an der Röhre (1) als
auch an dem Dichtungselement (2) befestigt ist und sich nach unten erstreckt, so daß
er jedes Ende in einer Ringform umgibt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Metallring (11) eine Mehrzahl von mit einem Krümmungsradius (r₁, r₂, r₃) zu der isolierenden Röhre (1) hin ausgebauchten Abschnitten aufweist und daß die Oberseite jedes der ausgebauchten Abschnitte mit einer imaginären Linie, welche sich von der Außenkante der zylindrischen Röhre in einem Winkel von 45° - 30° zu der äußeren Oberfläche der isolierenden Röhre (1) erstreckt, in Kontakt steht oder nahe bei dieser liegt.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Metallring (11) eine Mehrzahl von mit einem Krümmungsradius (r₁, r₂, r₃) zu der isolierenden Röhre (1) hin ausgebauchten Abschnitten aufweist und daß die Oberseite jedes der ausgebauchten Abschnitte mit einer imaginären Linie, welche sich von der Außenkante der zylindrischen Röhre in einem Winkel von 45° - 30° zu der äußeren Oberfläche der isolierenden Röhre (1) erstreckt, in Kontakt steht oder nahe bei dieser liegt.
2. Isolierender Hochspannungs-Vakuumbehälter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die ausgebauchten Abschnitte verschiedene Krümmungsradii (r₁, r₂, r₃) aufweisen.
3. Isolierender Hochspannungs-Vakuumbehälter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sich die imaginäre Linie von jedem Ende der isolierenden Röhre (1) aus und in
der Nähe des ausgebauchten Abschnitts zu der isolierenden Röhre erstreckt.
4. Isolierender Hochspannungs-Vakuumbehälter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Krümmungsradius (r₂, r₃) der ausgebauchten Abschnitte, die von der isolierenden
Röhre (1) entfernt sind, größer als derjenige (r₁) des ausgebauchten Abschnitts ist,
der nahe bei der isolierenden Röhre liegt.
1. Enceinte isolante sous vide et sous haute tension comprenant un tube isolant cylindrique
(1) et des éléments métalliques d'étanchéité (2) ajustés de façon étanche aux deux
extrémités du tube isolant cylindrique qui reçoivent à l'intérieur une paire d'électrodes
opposées (3,4) devant être soumises à une haute tension, un anneau métallique (11)
étant prévu à chaque extrémité du tube isolant cylindrique (1), ledit anneau étant
monté à la fois sur le tube (1) et sur l'élément d'étanchéité (2) et s'étendant vers
le bas, de façon à entourer chaque extrémité en une forme annulaire, caractérisée
en ce que ledit anneau métallique (11) a une pluralité de parties bombées avec un
rayon de courbure (r1, r2, r3) vers le tube isolant (1) et en ce que le sommet de
chacune des parties bombees est en contact avec ou près d'une ligne imaginaire allant
du bord extérieur du tube cylindrique avec un angle de 45°-30° à la surface externe
du tube isolant (1).
2. Enceinte isolante sous vide et sous haute tension suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée
en ce que lesdites parties bombees ont differents rayons de courbure (r1, r2, r3).
3. Enceinte isolante sous vide et sous haute tension suivant les revendications 1 ou
2, caractérisée en ce que ladite ligne imaginaire va de chaque extrémité dudit tube
isolant (1) et près de la partie bombée du tube isolant.
4. Enceinte isolante sous vide et sous haute tension suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée
en ce que le rayon (r2, r3) de courbure des parties bombées éloignées du tube isolant
(1) est plus grand que celui (r1) de la partie bombée qui est près du tube isolant.