[0001] The invention relates generally to the fabrication of wire harnesses and more particularly
to methods and equipment for the manufacture of wire harnesses as well as a system
including certain equipment for the manufacture of wire harnesses. This equipment
relates generally to taping arrangements and more particularly to arrangements for
the mechanized wrapping of tape about an elongated object, such as a bundle of wires
undergoing fabrication into a wire harness. The invention relates even still more
particularly to a taping machine for use in a taping arrangement. This equipment further
relates generally to a terminal assembling tool and more particularly to a terminal
assembling tool for connecting terminated wires to a common bus connector. The equipment
also relates to loom tables.
[0002] The manufacture or fabrication of wire harnesses has assumed many forms and used
various techniques, ranging from being highly manual-labor intensive to the use of
a relatively significant level of automation. The former may be acceptable only if
a low cost source of labor is available, whereas the latter requires significant capital
expenditure and may be relatively inflexible. The manufacture of high quality, cost-effective
wire harnesses for motor vehicles may be a challenge, particularly where the high
initial cost of equipment and variations in harnesses because of differing models
of automobiles serve to argue against a high degree of automation. Yet the relatively
high cost of the labor available also dictates against an inefficient use of such
labor.
[0003] Thus, while it may be desirable for the sake of flexibility to retain a manual system
of manufacture, it is important that the procedures and machinery employed be as efficient
and effective as possible in order to be cost competitive.
[0004] Systems used in the prior art have involved different persons or workers performing
respective different batch functions at different locations, i.e., one person cutting
wires, another person doing subassembly and another doing gross assembly. More recently
this has been improved by a flow process in which one worker might perform multiple
functions, as for instance cutting wires, preparing subassemblies and preparing final
wire harness assemblies. However this technique might also require considerable expenditure
of time and physical effort by a worker or operator because of the amount of walking
required at a work station. Moreover, the time required to train a worker to perform
all of these functions can be considerable.
[0005] Since the incorporation of numerous wires in various routing arrangements is at the
heart of wire harness fabrication, the efficient handling of those wires during the
fabrication process is particularly important.
[0006] In the manufacture of wiring harnesses and other bundles of elongated objects, it
is often necessary to maintain the compactness of the bundle by winding tape about
it. In the formation of wire harnesses, it has been common to perform the taping of
the wire bundle by manually winding the tape about the bundle. Depending upon the
size of the bundle, the character of the tape and the number of times the operation
must be performed, such operation may be extremely tiring and perhaps even painful
to the person performing it. In that regard, motor driven taping machines have been
provided for the mechanized application of tape to a wiring bundle. Those taping machines
typically include a framework or housing, a driving motor and some form of orbiting
mechanism within the housing which is driven by the motor and causes a spool of tape
to orbit about a bundle of wires. To permit ingress and egress of the wire bundle
to the center region of the machine, it has been common to provide one portion of
the machine with a permanently open mouth to that central region. An example of such
taping machine is the ISOTAP BABY 040 which is marketed by Design Equipments Representation
France Internacional (DERFI) of Cormeilles en Parisis, France. Such a machine may
be suspended by a cable or slideably mounted on rails for the necessary translational
movement along the wire bundle.
[0007] While such taping arrangements may be generally satisfactory, further refinement
of the taping arrangement generally, and of the taping machine specifically, are desirable
to contribute to the ease, efficiency and accuracy with which wire harnesses and the
like may be taped.
[0008] In the formation of wired circuits it is often necessary or desirable to connect
a number of conductor wires to the same potential. This may often be effected by connecting
those wires to a common bus, or common bus connector. Further, the common bus connector
may include a plurality of terminals to which the individual wires, themselves being
terminated, are respectively connected. Such connection of several terminated wires
to a common bus connector often occurs in the formation of wiring harnesses, as for
instance wiring harnesses for automotive vehicles.
[0009] The operation of connecting terminated wires to the respective terminals of a common
bus connector has often been performed manually, particularly where it is included
as one of the steps in the formulation of a wiring harness via a significant use of
manual labor. The manual interconnection of terminated wires with the terminals of
the common bus connector may prove to be tiring to the operator, particularly where
respective terminals are individually connected via the application of opposed manual
forces. This may be further complicated if the positions of terminals on the connector
are closely adjacent one another such that they interfere with or complicate the manual
insertion of terminals.
[0010] Some types of wire harness manufacturing processes of the prior art have employed
one or more so-called loom tables which are constructed to facilitate the formation
of portions of the wire harness thereon. Those loom tables typically include various
supports positioned thereon in a pattern which assists in establishing the formation
of the wire harness. Typically also, those loom tables are large, stationary and serve
to establish the location of a work station, and they may be positioned at various
locations within the fabrication area.
[0011] Accordingly, it is a principal object of the invention to provide improved method
system and apparatus for the cost efficient manufacture of wire harnesses of high
quality.
[0012] It is a further object to provide such method and apparatus with an acceptable degree
of flexibility to accommodate changes in the design of the wire harness.
[0013] It is a still further object to provide method and apparatus for the efficient handling
of wires used, and to be used, in the process of fabricating wire harnesses.
[0014] It is an additional object to provide such apparatus which facilitates the assembly
and handling of wire harnesses, and especially the formation of subassemblies for
inclusion in those wire harnesses.
[0015] It is an additional further object to provide such apparatus in efficient combination
with an improved general system for the fabrication of wire harnesses.
[0016] It is a further additional object to provide such apparatus which facilitates the
assembly and handling of wire harnesses during the formative stages.
[0017] Further, it is an object of the invention to provide a terminal assembling tool for
facilitating the connection of multiple terminated wires to a common bus connector.
[0018] Still further, it is an object to provide such terminal assembling tool which is
capable of interconnecting female terminations on the respective wires with respective
male terminals on the common bus connector.
[0019] Additionally it is an object to provide an improved terminal assembling tool which
reduces the amount and complexity of manual involvement in the interconnection of
terminated wires with the common bus connector.
[0020] It is still an additional further object of the invention to provide an improved
arrangement for the mechanized wrapping of tape about an elongated bundle of wires
undergoing fabrication into a wire harness. Included in this object is the provision
of apparatus, including a taping machine, which affords relatively easy and accurate
application of tape to a wire harness bundle.
[0021] It is still an additional object to provide an improved taping machine which conveniently
and positively retains a wire harness bundle therewithin for ease and accuracy of
the wrapping of tape thereabout.
[0022] There is provided an improved method for assembling wire harnesses which includes
the steps of, in a first region, precutting and terminating quantities of the various
wires of which a harness is comprised, and in a second region, assembling the wire
harnesses via the steps which include providing a conveyor line for conveying the
harnesses substantially from inception in embryonic form at an upstream end to completion
at a downstream end; providing a multiplicity of local work stations along the conveyor
at which operators perform various manual assembly functions, those functions being
variable as required; providing local supplies of wires at various of the work stations
for use in the assembly functions thereat, including transporting wires from the first
region to the respective work stations to provide the local supplies; providing local
supplies of connectors at various of the work stations for use in the assembly function
thereat; and connecting various of the wires to various of the connectors at various
of the work stations and integrating the wires and connectors into respective wire
harnesses.
[0023] The conveyance of the harnesses on the conveyor line is, typically, generally linear.
the conveyor is advanced periodically, and the connecting and integrating steps are
performed in the interval between such periodic advancing of the conveyor. The assembly
functions to be performed at each of the work stations are preselected to require
substantially equal times to accomplish.
[0024] There is provided an improved system for the fabrication of wire harnesses having
multiple wires. The system includes a mechanized conveyor of particular width having
relative upstream and downstream portions and multiple work stations therealong for
the progressive formation of the harnesses from embryonic to completed states respectively.
It also includes means proximate at least some of the work stations for providing
wires, including some terminated wires, for inclusion in a wire harness. The length
of at least some of the wires is substantially greater than the particular width of
the conveyor. Still further, the system includes a trough adjacent at least one side
of the conveyor along at least the upstream portion thereof whereby the wires of an
embryonic harness may extend transversely of the conveyor beyond its particular width
and into the trough.
[0025] The conveyor includes means affixed thereto for positively engaging and moving the
embryonic harness therewith. The harness engaging means comprises a pair, and typically
a number of pairs, of fingers extending upwardly from the conveyor. The fingers of
each said pair are spaced from one another in the direction in which the conveyor
moves, and each pair of fingers is spaced from the other pairs in the direction in
which the conveyor moves.
[0026] The embryonic harness includes a junction box connected thereto, and the width of
the trough is sufficient to receive the junction box therewithin. The conveyor may
also include another, or second, trough on the side thereof opposite the first trough.
[0027] The embryonic harness may cross the conveyor in generally U-shaped form, with the
two arms of its U-shape being engaged respectively by two pairs of fingers extending
upwardly from the conveyor, and the nexus portion of the U-shape being disposed in
one of the troughs and the other ends of the U-shape being in the other of the troughs.
[0028] The local supplies of wires for use in the fabrication of wire harnesses are stored
and dispensed at the respective work stations in a convenient manner. The wires are
precut to various appropriate lengths and wires of a respective length are stored
in a respective channel tray. The channel tray is configured to facilitate manual
removal of wires therefrom. A number of such channel trays may conveniently be supported
on a stand or mobile carriage and positioned at a respective work station. The mobile
carriage is further suited to moving wire-laden channel trays from the first precutting
and terminating region to the region of the conveyor line and a particular work station.
The channel trays are generally U-shaped and opened at an end to provide manual access
for removing a wire. The base of the U-shaped channel tray is, in one embodiment,
generally flat to facilitate an even distribution of the wires contained therein.
Some of the stands or mobile carriages are provided with supports which orient the
channel trays generally horizontally. Yet other stands or mobile carriages may be
configured and the channel trays oriented thereon, such that the channel trays are
substantially vertical and the wires disposed in the channels extend beyond and hang
from the upper end of the channel to facilitate removal. Particularly for channel
trays in such vertical orientation, a clamp arrangement is affixed thereto near the
discharge end for releasably retaining the group of wires in that channel. The supports
for the wheels or rollers on the mobile carriages may be adjustable to permit a reduced
cross-sectional area to the carriage base.
[0029] There is provided an improved system for the fabrication of wire harnesses each having
multiple wires. The system includes a mechanized conveyor having multiple work stations
therealong for the progressive manual formation of the harnesses. Means are provided
proximate at least some of the work stations for providing wires, some being terminated,
for inclusion in the wire harnesses. Further, the system includes one or more loom
tables each adjacent a respective work station for facilitating the fabrication of
a multiwire harness subassembly thereat for inclusion in the wire harness at the respective
work station. Still more specifically, one or more of the loom tables is pivotally
mounted for selective displacement between an operating position and an idle position.
That operating position disposes the loom table so as to facilitate the fabrication
of a harness subassembly and the idle position is displaced from the operating position
and serves to dispose the loom table in a substantially non-interfering relation at
the work station for operations thereat other than the fabrication of the harness
subassembly.
[0030] The loom table comprises a platform member and a plurality of wire supporting members,
or jigs, mounted to and extending from the platform member for receiving, supporting
and routing various wires of the multiwire subassembly. The wire supporting members
each extend upwardly from the generally-horizontal platform member and include respective
bifurcations at their upper ends for receiving the wires therebetween. The conveyor
includes a supporting frame and the loom tables are each pivotally mounted to the
frame. A mechanism may be provided for detenting or locking the pivotable loom table
alternatively in either the operating or the idle position.
[0031] In accordance with the invention there is a provided a taping arrangement for the
mechanized wrapping tape about an elongated bundle of wires undergoing fabrication
into a wire harness and disposed on a conveyor. The taping arrangement is disposed
at a work station adjacent the conveyor and includes a mounting means for the taping
machine to facilitate its manual displacement longitudinally of the wire bundle to
be taped and wherein the mounting means and the taping machine are positioned adjacent
to the conveyor at least during the taping of a wire bundle.
[0032] More particularly, the taping machine includes a housing, a drive motor connected
to the housing, an orbiting mechanism supported by the housing and driven by the motor
in an orbital path about a central region in which the wire bundle is disposed, and
tape dispensing means mounted on the orbiting mechanism for dispensing tape to the
wire bundle as the mechanism orbits about the wire bundle. The taping arrangement
is supported on a support platform which is positioned adjacent to the conveyor and
which may be pivotally mounted to the conveyor frame. The taping machine may be slideably
mounted via a bracket to one or more rails supported by the support platform. Adjustable
stops may be positioned on the rail to limit the displacement of the taping machine.
A manually actuatable clamp may be mounted, as for instance to the support platform,
for gripping the wire bundle sufficiently to resist its longitudinal displacement
during application of a tensile force thereto during taping.
[0033] The taping machine is preferably constructed such that its housing is annular and
defines an annular race and comprises two complementary arcuate portions joined in
hinged relation and moveable between relatively open and closed positions. Moreover,
the machine's orbiting mechanism comprises an annular plate having a central opening
and being divided into two separate complementary arcuate portions which substantially
coincide with the complementary housing portions and which are capable of being moved
with the housing portions between the open and the closed positions. The motor, which
may be pneumatically powered, drives a pinion which in turn is in driving engagement
with an arcuate gear formed on the face of the arcuate portions of the plate. More
specifically, the pinion is in driving engagement with the gear on first one and then
the other of the arcuate portions of the plate, with the arcuate portion of the plate
which is not in engagement with the pinion being pushed and driven by the one which
is in engagement with the pinion.
[0034] The machine further includes a detector for sensing a particular position of rotation
of the arcuate plate portions with respect to the portions of the housing and for
providing a signal representative of that position. Means responsive to that signal
are provided for stopping the rotation of the arcuate plate portions to substantially
coincide with the complementary housing portion. The complementary housing portions
are provided with respective complementary locking means for releasably locking the
housing portions in the closed position.
[0035] There is provided a terminal assembling tool for facilitating the connection of multiple
terminated wires to a common bus connector. The terminated wires each include a terminal,
typically a female terminal, and the common bus connector includes multiple terminals,
typically male terminals, extending therefrom in substantially the same direction
for interconnection with the terminated wires. The tool includes a first jig for receiving
the multiple terminated wires, a second jig for receiving the common bus connector,
at least one of the first and second jigs being movable relative to the other between
relative proximate and distant positions which respectively correspond with a connecting
position and a load/unload position, and means, such as a pneumatic actuator, for
actuating the one of the first and second jigs between the connecting and the load/unload
positions. Further, the first jig includes means for pre-positioning the terminated
wires and the second jig includes means for prepositioning the common bus connector,
such that upon actuation of one of the first and second jigs the terminated wires
are accurately and completely connected to respective ones of the terminals on the
common bus connector.
[0036] The terminal assembling tool includes a base member and a pneumatically powered linear
actuator mounted via a respective housing to the base member. The first jig is substantially
fixedly mounted to the base member and the second jig is connected to the actuating
arm of the actuator for reciprocation between the connecting and the load/unload positions.
[0037] The common bus connector includes a common base portion having the multiple male
terminals extending forwardly therefrom and further having a pair of end fingers disposed
at opposite ends thereof and extending forwardly therefrom. The second jig is disposed
for actuation in the horizontal plane and includes a cavity therein open at the top
and at most of the front end for receiving/discharging the common bus connector via
vertical motion thereof and for closely orienting that connector when received in
the cavity. The second jig further includes a retainer which extends transversely
of the forward end of the common bus connector end fingers so as to engage the end
fingers and move the common base portion and connected terminated wires rearwardly
in unison for unloading when the second jig is actuated from the connecting position
to the load/unload position.
[0038] The first jig includes multiple, substantially parallel slots in the upper surface
thereof, a respective slot existing for each of the terminated wires. The slots are
substantially aligned with respective male terminals on the common bus connector,
and each of the slots is contoured at its forward end to retain a respective female
terminal therein in alignment with a respective male terminal.
[0039] The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying
drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a plan view in general diagrammatic form, of a wire harness assembling arrangement
in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of the wire harnesses assembling arrangement,
taken at the upstream end of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a carriage and channel trays for wire storage and
delivery, as used in the wire harness assembling arrangement of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a hinged double channel tray, as seen in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a perspective view depicting an alternate embodiment of the carriage and
channel trays of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a portion of the wire harness assembling arrangement
of Fig. 1, showing a pivotable loom table:
Fig. 7 is a side elevation view of a terminal assembly tool employed in the wire harness
assembling arrangement of Fig. 1;
Fig. 8 is a top view of the terminal assembly tool of Fig. 7, showing terminated wires
and a common bus connector prior to connection;
Fig. 9 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of Fig. 8 showing a jig, the terminated
wires and the common bus connector;
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of the wire harness assembling arrangement
of Fig. 1, showing a taping machine in a taping arrangement;
Fig. 11 is a view of a taping machine of Fig. 10, as viewed looking relatively upstream
; and
Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a part of the taping machine, taken along line 12-12
of Fig. 11.
Best Mode(s) For Carrying Out the Invention
[0040] Referring to the figures and initially to Fig. 1, there is depicted in plan view
and general diagrammatic form, a wire harness assembling arrangement or system 10
in accordance with the invention. Typically the harness assembling arrangement 10
will be situated in a common area including at least a first region 11 for certain
preliminary functions and a second region 12 throughout which the harness assembling
function occurs. A third testing region 13 might also be included.
[0041] The preliminary functions performed within the first region 11 result in precut,
terminated wires 4, and typically include the large scale cutting of wires to predetermined
lengths, appropriate stripping of insulation and the application and crimping of terminals
6 (seen in other figures) to one or both ends of most wires. This is done by wire
cutting, stripping and terminal crimping machinery 14 of conventional design, as for
instance the Komax 40S. The machinery 14 may prepare one or both ends of a wire for
receiving a terminal 6 or other termination without actually making the termination.
A human operator 15 typically controls the operation of cutting and terminating machinery
14. These wire cutting and terminating functions might be undertaken as batch operations.
[0042] Adjacent to the wire cutting and terminating machinery 14 there is also provided
initial storage capacity for the temporary storing of wires 4 which have been precut
and terminated. This storage is represented by the wire storage shelving 18. The precut
and terminated wires 4 stored in shelving 18 are stored in channel trays 20 to be
described hereinafter in greater detail. The precut and terminated wires 4 are placed
in respective channel trays 20 in accordance with their respective length, gauge,
and/or type of termination.
[0043] Referring now to the wire harness assembling region 12, there is depicted a mechanized
conveyor system 22. The conveyor system 22 consists of one or typically a number of
motorized conveyors 23, arranged in a serial or continuous fashion. More specifically,
the conveyors 23 are arranged so as to form a line of continuous mechanized transport
from an upstream end thereof designated 25 to a downstream end designated 26. In many
respects, the conveyors 23 are of conventional design, including supporting framework
27 (seen in Figs. 2 and 3), moving belts or the like 28, and associated motors 29
for advancing the belts 28 in accordance with a desired schedule. The motors 29 are
typically controlled by a controller of known design which is preprogrammed to provide
the desired schedule of control. Typically such controllers also possess the capability
of manual override and control if such is desired.
[0044] A number of local work stations are situated or located along conveyor 23 of conveyor
system 22. Since the present wire harness assembling system 10 relies principally
upon a number of human operators 15 interacting with various types of tooling and
machinery along the conveyor system 22, those work stations will, for convenience
herein, be represented by the same symbols and reference numbers which represent the
presence of a human operator 15. It should be understood, however, that a work station
15 might also be represented in certain limited instances by machinery capable of
automated operation and/or by manually operated machinery to which an operator 15
moves from a different work station.
[0045] At each work station 15, wire harness manufacturing and assembly equipment of various
types and capability is located depending upon the one or more functions to be performed
thereat. Representative of such equipment are the terminal dispensing and crimping
machines 30, the stands or mobile carriages (carts) 32 which typically support a number
of the channel trays 20 which in turn contain the respective precut and terminated
wires 4, stationary worktables 34, loom tables and particularly pivotable looms 36,
one or more taping machines 38 and various receptacles or containers 40 containing
the appropriate hardware to be included in the wire harness at that location. Certain
types of assembly tooling, as for instance the terminal assembling tool 42, may also
be located at the work station 15, and located upon a respective worktable 34.
[0046] It should be mentioned at this juncture that the arrangement of the work stations
15 along the conveyor system 22 and the work functions performed thereat, are designed
to minimize or eliminate the need for the operator 15 at that work station to have
to walk more than a step or two. In many instances, the operator 15 may be able to
be seated at the work stations. In some instances, of course, it will be necessary
for the operator 15 to take a step or two in performing the respective work function,
but such movement is generally quite limited. This characteristic exists because most
of the equipment required at a work station 15 is closely arranged about that work
station on one or both sides of the conveyor 23 and further, because conveyor belt
28 is advanced only periodically so as to move the work in process from one work station
to the next.
[0047] The wire harness 8 undergoing fabrication at any particular work station 15 is, generally
speaking, at rest while at that work station. For this reason, it will be noted that
the spacing between successive work stations 15 along conveyor 23 is substantially
the same in most instances. It will be understood, however, that some variation in
this spacing may occur to accommodate two operators at one or two work stations 15
performing functions on the same wire harness 8, but at opposite ends thereof. In
the system depicted herein, the space between successive work stations is approximately
2-3 meters, the number of work stations is in the range of 8-12, and the conveyor
belt 28 is incremented or advanced from one work station 15 to the next at intervals
of several minutes.
[0048] It will be understood that optimum efficiency is obtained if each operator just completes
their allotted functions at the respective work station 15 immediately prior to the
conveyor belt 28 being incremented. This of course requires a judicious balancing
of the numbers and types of functions to be performed at a work station 15, as well
as a consideration of the capabilities of the respective operator 15 thereat. Because
much of the equipment at each work station 15 is mobile or relatively light weight,
it may be easily moved from one work station to another during setup of the wire harness
assembling 10 for the manufacture of a particular type of wiring harness. Indeed,
it is the aforedescribed flexibility of the present wire harness assembling system
10 which enables it to be employed economically to manufacture wire harnesses of various
sizes and configurations at different times. Although the present system does rely
significantly upon acceptably-priced manual labor, it does reduce the large capital
cost and inflexibility of a more automated system. Further, the program of work flow
and the equipment employed herein provide the economies and flexibility desired.
[0049] In Fig. 1, the wire harness 8 is depicted in its completed form at or near the downstream
end 26 of the conveyor 23. Wire harness 8 has its beginning or inception at the upstream
end 25 of conveyor 23, where, in its earliest "embryonic" form it is identified as
wire harness 8a. The wire harness takes on additional form and detail at each of the
successive work stations and thus, is identified by a successive alphabetical suffix
following the basic wire harness reference numeral 8. Moreover, the portrayal of the
wire harness assembling system 10 in Fig. 1 depicts the conveyor 23 at the moment
just prior to it being advanced from one work station 15 to the next. Thus, the wire
harness at each work station 15 is depicted in the condition or stage representing
completion of the work provided at that work station. When the completed wire harness
8 appears at the downstream end 26 of conveyor 23, an operator 15 removes the harness
from the conveyor and transports it to a suitable test board 43 in testing region
13 where it is tested for electrical accuracy and integrity. In the illustrated embodiment,
the finished harness 8 is synonymous with an unused reference suffix 81.
[0050] The completed wire harness 8 often includes 200-300 wires and may be more than 2
meters in length. The harness 8 typically includes a number of different "arms" or
"branches", each being comprised of differing numbers of wires. Typically, those branches
are physically, if not also electrically, collected in a common region represented
by a junction box 44 through which most of the circuits pass. The junction box 44
may sometimes also be referred to as the "head" of the harness 8. Still further, many
of the branches of the completed wire harness 8 terminate at their opposite ends in
respective multi-terminal connectors 46 of differing types and configurations. It
will be appreciated that the embryonic harness 8a includes a junction box 44 and relatively
few wires and is, accordingly, relatively supple, deformable and of light weight.
On the other hand, as formation of the harness 8 progresses, it becomes heavier and
is relatively less supple.
[0051] Referring further to Fig. 1, and additionally to Fig. 2, it will be seen that the
conveyor system 22 is provided with at least a primary trough 50 and perhaps also
a secondary trough 52 on respectively opposite sides of the conveyor 23 along that
portion of the conveyor toward its upstream end 25 in which the embryonic wire harness
8a, 8b, 8c, etc. is formed. Troughs 50 and 52 extend along the upstream portion of
conveyor 23 to permit the embryonic wire harnesses 8a, 8b, etc. to extend across,
or transversely, of the conveyor belt 28 in a back and forth U-shape or serpentine
fashion in which parts of the wire harness extend beyond the sides of the conveyor
and hang or depend into the troughs 50, 52. It has been found most convenient to arrange
the first two or three work stations 15 on one particular side of the conveyor 23
and to provide the primary trough 50 along that same side of the conveyor.
[0052] The primary trough 50 is of a generally deep U-shape in cross section and may typically
extend 1.5-1.66 meter below the surface of the conveyor belt 28. Primary trough 50
is sufficiently wide to conveniently accommodate a large junction box 44 resting therein
as depicted in Fig. 2. Moreover, the trough 50 is sufficiently wide and smooth to
facilitate the sliding of the embryonic harnesses 8a, 8b and associated junction boxes
44 therewithin as the conveyor belt 28 advances. The depth of primary trough 50 is
sufficiently shallow that various parts of the embryonic harness 8a, 8b and/or random
components to be affixed to the harness may rest upon the bottom of the trough and
are within reach of the operator 15 thereat. Further, the vertical walls inside of
troughs 50 and 52, and particularly those walls adjacent conveyor 23, are relatively
smooth and preferably continuous so as to prevent interference of the conveyor frame
27 with the embryonic harness 8a and junction box 44 as the conveyor belt 28 advances
and to prevent chafing of the harness on the troughs.
[0053] The secondary trough 50 on the opposite side of conveyor 23 is somewhat more optional
than the primary trough 50, and serves to facilitate the smooth flow of the embryonic
harness 8a, 8b as it moves along the conveyor 23. Moreover, trough 52 serves to "catch"
any components which may chance to fall free of the harness on that side of the conveyor.
Since it is contemplated that the larger elements of the embryonic wire harness 8a,
such as the junction box 44, will be in trough 50, the secondary trough 52 need not
be as wide as trough 50.
[0054] The troughs 50 and 52 may be formed of any suitable material such as sheet metal,
plastic or fiberglass which is contoured to the appropriate shape. The troughs 50
and 52 are affixed to the conveyor frame 27 in a suitable manner, as by screws, bolts
and/or brackets such that they are adequately supported at a level providing a smooth
transition of the embryonic harness 8a, 8b from the conveyor belt 28 into and out
of the troughs 50, 52. In fact, troughs 50, 52 may be provided with curved lips at
their uppermost ends to prevent chafing and cutting the wire harnesses 8a, 8b and/or
the operators 15.
[0055] Referring to the initial construction of wire harness 8a, a junction box 44 is taken
from a storage container 40 at the upstream end 25 of the conveyor. Various wires
4 are taken from various ones of the channel trays 20 supported on carriage 32 also
located near the upstream end 25 of conveyor 23. The wires 4 are then connected with
the junction box 44 by the first operator 15 to form the embryonic harness 8a. It
will be understood that additional operations on the wire harness 8a at that work
station may include the application of additional terminals to one or more of the
wires 4 via the terminal dispensing and crimping machines 30. One or more other containers
40 near the upstream end 25 of conveyor 23 may contain various types of connectors
46 for connection with the terminals at the opposite ends of some of the wires 4 connected
to junction box 44.
[0056] Because the embryonic harnesses 8a, 8b may be arranged across the conveyor belt 28
and thus compressed in the longitudinal direction, the entire length of the harness
is easily within the reach of a single operator 15 at the respective work station.
Thus, a single operator 15 may perform work functions on the entire length of the
embryonic harness 8a without needing to move a significant distance within the work
station. Moreover, the longitudinal extent of the conveyor belt 28 occupied by the
embryonic harnesses 8a,8b, etc. is considerably less than will be required in the
later stages of formation farther downstream.
[0057] Because portions of the embryonic harnesses 8a, 8b, etc. extend transversely of the
conveyor belt 28, it has been found helpful to provide members on the conveyor belt
28 in that region for engaging the harness to assist with its positioning while work
functions are performed and to further assist with moving the harness with the conveyor
belt 28 when it is advanced. These engaging elements may take the form of the pairs
of fingers 54 seen most clearly in Fig. 2. Each finger pair 54 is affixed at its base
to the conveyor belt 28, as by a suitable bonding agent and/or mechanical fasteners,
and includes a pair of fingers spaced from one another in the direction of conveyor
belt travel. In this way, a portion of the harness 8a extending transversely of the
conveyor belt 28 may be positioned between the fingers of member 54. Each finger pair
member 54 may be formed of rubber or a rubberlike material and the dimensioning and
structure of the fingers is such that they may resiliently engage the harness therebetween.
The spacing between successive finger pair members 54 may be about 0.5 meter, more
or less. Since the principal advantage of the finger pairs 54 described above is in
the embryonic formation of the wire harness 8a, 8b, 8c, etc., they may be omitted
from the conveyor belt 28 downstream if the conveyor system is formed of multiple
separate conveyors 23 and associated conveyor belts 28, as is typically the case.
[0058] Additional consideration is now given to the structure and function of the channel
trays 20 and the associated stands or carriages 32 upon which they are supported,
with particular reference to Figs. 3-5. Each channel tray 20 typically receives precut
terminated wires 4 of a particular type and length. In this way, there is no mixing
of wires 4 of different types within a single channel tray 20. Channel trays 20 are
generally U-shaped, are elongated and are open at least at a discharge end, and preferably
at both ends. The channel trays 20 may be of differing lengths, depending principally
upon the length of wires 4 to be stored therein, with the majority ranging in length
between 1 and 2 meters although they may be shorter or longer. While the classic rounded
U-shape of continuous curvature is a suitable contour for the cross section of channel
trays 20, as depicted specifically with respect to channel tray 20a in Fig. 3, it
has been found preferable to employ a modified U-shape which includes a flattened
bottom and substantially vertical sides, as the majority of such trays are depicted
in the various figures. Such flat-bottom U-shape configuration appears to afford a
more even distribution of the wires 4 contained therein and reduces the incidence
of tangling which would interfere with the removal of individual wires from the tray.
Perhaps the curved cross section of channel tray 20a results in a greater number of
wires 4 being at the center of the tray and thus contributes somewhat to tangling.
The channel trays 20 are formed of any suitable, relatively rigid and durable material,
as for instance, metal, plastic or fiberglass.
[0059] If the wires 4 in a particular channel tray 20 are terminated at only one end, it
is that terminated end which is presented to the operator 15 when the tray 20 is supported
in position on a carriage 32 adjacent to a particular work station. It will be understood
that supported channel trays 20 may be positioned on either, or both, sides of the
conveyor 22 relative to the position of the operator 15 who will be drawing wires
4 from those trays. Perhaps the most common arrangement and that which permits easiest
access by operator 15 to a relatively large number of channel trays 20, is that in
which the carriage 32 supporting those trays is positioned opposite the operator 15
across the conveyor 23, as seen specifically in Figs. 2 and 6.
[0060] In certain instances in which the length of a wire 4 is unusually long and greatly
exceeds the length of a single channel tray 20, a pair of such trays may be joined
at their respective forward ends by a suitable connector or fastener, such as hinge
55, to form a double tray designated 20′ in Figs. 3 and 4. In that instance, one portion
of each of the long wires 4 is contained in one of the channel trays and the remaining
portion is contained in the other, with the wires transitioning between trays just
beyond the forward ends of the trays in the region of the hinge 55 so as to be readily
available for removal by an operator 15. The connecting hinge 55 provides a convenient
means for joining the two trays 20 forming the combined unit 20′ for ease of handling
during loading and transport.
[0061] The stands or carriages (carts) 32 upon which the various channel trays 20 are supported
may be of relatively simple design and inexpensive construction. In some few instances,
the stands 32 may be permanently stationary and thus have no requirement for mobility.
In most instances, however, it has been found desirable for the stands or carriages
32 to be mobile, and thus some form of rollers or wheels 56 are provided on cross-members
57 at the base of carriage 32. In some instances it may be desirable to reduce or
"sweep" the profile of the cross-members 57 and wheels 56, as by making them adjustable
via struts 59 in the manner depicted in broken line in Fig. 3.
[0062] The channel trays 20 are simply rested upon crossarms or shelves 58 which form part
of the rigid structural framework of the carriage. The flat base of channel tray 20
may simply rest upon a flat surface of a horizontal crossarm 58. In the event the
curved U-shape channel tray 20a is to be employed, it may be appropriate to provide
curved recesses on or in the crossarms 58 to accommodate the curved bases of those
trays or alternatively, curved brackets might be attached to the crossarms 58. To
provide adequate support for a tray 20, it is only necessary that there be a pair
of simple crossarms spaced fore and aft on carriage 32 such that they support the
channel tray. A number of channel trays 20 may be supported in side by side relation
on any one crossarm 58, and the carriages 32 typically also include crossarms 58 at
several levels to accommodate channel trays at those differing elevations.
[0063] Although the carriages 32 described above provide horizontal orientation of the associated
channel trays 20, a carriage 32′ is constructed such that the trays 20 are supported
thereby in a near vertical orientation, as depicted in Fig. 5. These stands or carriages
32′ may be of somewhat simpler construction than the carriages 32 and, because of
the vertical orientation of trays 20, will occupy relatively less floor space. On
the other hand, in such vertical orientation it is generally preferable to have only
one row or level of trays 20 and their length will be limited to that which is within
a reasonable height range of the operators 15.
[0064] It has been found useful to mount resilient clamps 60 on at least those channel trays
20 which are intended for vertical orientation, for the purpose of retaining the forward
or upper ends of the wires 4 in position for easy access by an operator 15. More specifically,
clamps 60 may be mounted to the undersurface of trays 20 at or near the forward, upper,
or discharge end thereof for engaging a bundle of wires 4 which hangs over that same
end of the channel tray. In this way the wires are prevented from falling down within
the channel tray 20 when it is in its vertical orientation and the ends are conveniently
presented for easy removal.
[0065] During the assembly of the wire harness 8, it is occasionally necessary or desirable
to provide additional work surface for the connection of wires 4 to connectors 46
in the formation of various subassemblies and to facilitate the integration of such
subassemblies into the main harness appearing on the conveyor belt 28 at that work
station 15. In some instances, that work may be accommodated on simple stationary
worktables 34 if they are positioned sufficiently near the operator 15. Also, additional
work surface is provided by loom tables 36 and 36′.
[0066] Each of the loom tables 36, 36′ includes a number of wire or harness-supporting jigs
62 mounted on the upper surface thereof in a predetermined pattern for aiding in the
formation of the harness 8 or, more likely, a subassembly or branch to become part
of the main harness. The jigs 62 typically include a base portion 63 which is mounted
to the loom table 36 or 36′, and a vertical support portion 64 extending upwardly
therefrom and being bifurcated at its upper end to form a pair of harness-supporting
fingers 65. The arrangement of the jigs 62 on loom tables 36, 36′ is such as to define
multiple wiring and branch paths during the formation of the harness or a harness
subassembly. The loom tables 36′ are typically on wheels to permit easy positioning
and repositioning of the tables in the region of the conveyor 23. In the system diagram
depicted in Fig. 1, movable loom tables 36′ are positioned sufficiently close to the
conveyor 23 that relatively few steps are required by an operator 15 to move a harness
or a harness subassembly between the conveyor and the respective loom table. On the
other hand, it will be noted and understood that the wheeled loom table 36′ is capable
of general movement in the region of a work station and may in fact be positioned
such that an operator/work station 15 is positioned between the loom table 36′ and
the conveyor 23.
[0067] On the other hand, the loom table 36 may be even closer to the conveyor 23 and is
capable of certain limited displacement by an operator 15, as by being pivoted, between
an operating position and an idle position, as depicted in Figs. 1 and 6 adjacent
wire harness 8f. In Fig. 6, the loom table 36 is illustrated at its idle position
in solid line, and at its idle position in broken line. In this instance, the operating
position places the loom table 36 closely adjacent and parallel to the conveyor 23,
whereas the idle position is achieved when the table 36 is rotated approximately 90
degrees away from the conveyor about a pivot axis 66 which is remote from the operator
15 and generally near the conveyor 23. In its operating position, the loom table is
positioned for easy access by the operator 15 to perform the various work functions
on the harness or harness subassembly as required. On the other hand, when such work
is completed, the harness or subassembly may be conveniently removed from the loom
table 36 and placed on the conveyor belt 28, and the loom table may be pivoted to
its idle position, thereby affording the operator increased spaced for the performance
of other work functions at that particular work station.
[0068] It has been found particularly convenient to mount the loom table 36 to the frame
27 of conveyor 23 for pivotal rotation about pivot axis 66. More specifically, a journal
or gudgeon 68 may be mounted to the conveyor frame 27 and a pivot pin or pintle 69
extends downwardly from the underside of loom table and through the gudgeon 68 to
provide the pivot axis 66. It may be desirable to provide some form of lock or clamp
or detent associated with gudgeon 68 and pintle 69 so as to retain the table 36 at
a selected position about the pivot axis. One relatively simple way of providing the
detent is to provide a pin or dog extending radially from the pintle 69 near its upper
end and to contour the upper end of the gudgeon so as to provide detenting recesses
for the pin at desired angular locations thereabout.
[0069] Referring to Figs. 7-9, further attention is given to a particular item of assembly
tooling, that being the terminal assembling tool 42. Tool 42 is designed to easily
and accurately accomplish the connection of several terminated wires 4 to a common
bus connector 70. Common bus connector 70 is utilized to connect those several wires
to a common electrical potential, as for instance B+ or ground in an automotive electrical
system. In fact, the current-carrying capacity of the wires 4 which are connected
to bus connector 70 is typically greater than that of many of the other wires in the
wiring harness 8. The terminals 6 on the ends of the respective wires 4 are of a female-type,
and are adapted to receive and be connected to the male, spade-type terminals 71 of
bus connector 70. The bus connector 70 in the illustrated embodiment includes three
such male terminals 71 extending forwardly from a common base portion 72 in substantially
coplanar parallel relation. Side or end fingers 73 extend forward from each end of
the common base 72 of connector 70. For the illustrated connector 70, each of the
male terminals 71 extends from an edge of the common base portion 72, whereas the
end fingers 73 are created by respective 90 degree bends in that base portion and
thus extend in respective planes which are perpendicular to the plane containing the
male terminal 71. The end fingers 73 may themselves subsequently be placed in electrical
connection with other conductive members.
[0070] The terminal assembling tool 42 aids in accurately positioning the terminals 6 relative
to the male terminals 71 of common bus connector 70 and further contributes not only
to the easy connection of those elements but also, to the removal of the connected
terminals from that tool. Tool 42 includes first and second jigs 75 and 77 respectively.
Jig 75 is structured to receive the terminated ends of several wires 4. Jig 77 is
structured to receive the common bus connector 70 oriented in a substantially horizontal
disposition. Jigs 75 and 77 are mounted on a base member 78 in a manner allowing one
of the jigs to move relatively toward and away from the other between relative proximate
and distant positions respectively corresponding with a connecting position and a
load/unload position. In this embodiment, jig 75 remains stationary and jig 77 is
capable of linear motion transversely of base 78.
[0071] A pneumatic actuator, such as the piston and cylinder 80, is connected with the base
member 78 and the jig 77 to effect and control the displacement of that jig relative
to jig 75. The piston arm 81 of actuator 80 is positively connected to jig 77, as
by welding or threaded engagement or the like, to positively reciprocably displace
that jig. The cylinder of actuator 80 is rigidly mounted and provides significant
lateral stability to jig 77. However, to the extent that further lateral guidance
of that jig is required, a raceway may be machined in the base member 78 to assure
alignment with jig 75.
[0072] At the forward end of jig 77 there is provided a chamber or cavity 82 which is open
in both the forward and upward directions. The cavity 82 is adapted to receive a common
bus connector 70 deposited from above, and is open at its forward end to permit mating
engagement with the terminals 6 supported in jig 75. With the common bus connector
73 disposed horizontally as depicted in Fig. 7b, a clearance exists beneath the undersurfaces
of the male terminal 71 sufficient to permit the insertion thereon of the female terminals
6.
[0073] Jig. 75 includes several longitudinally extending slots 83 in the upper surface thereof
for receiving the respective wires 4. More specifically, the grooves or slots 83 define
sidewalls 84 which are undercut near their forward ends to provide seats 85 for the
terminals 6. The undercut in the walls 84 is such that the terminal seats 85 contain
the terminals 6 captive in both a vertical and lateral direction when inserted and
seated therein as depicted in Figs. 8 and 9.
[0074] In Figs. 7-9, jig 77 is shown in its load/unload position, displaced from jig 75.
Thus, the terminal 6 of a terminated wire 4 may be loaded into jig 75 by disposing
the terminal forwardly of the forward end of jig 75 and moving the terminal and the
wire 4 downward until the terminal is at the level of the terminal seat 85. Rearward
tensioning of wire 4 then serves to seat the terminal 6 in terminal seat 85. This
same operation is repeated for the other two terminated wires (not shown) with respect
to the other two slots 83 in jig 75. Similarly, the common bus connector 70 is loaded
into jig 77 by dropping it into cavity 82 in the orientation depicted in Fig. 7b.
The rear and sidewalls of jig 77 which define cavity 82 are sized and configured to
orient common bus connector 70 such that its terminal 71 are in constant alignment
with the female terminals 6. Actuation of jig 77 via actuator 80 serves to bring the
male terminals 71 into mated engagement with the female terminals 6, thus completing
the connection.
[0075] Retaining elements 86 are formed at the forward end of the jig 77 by a pair of projections
extending transversely a short distance toward one another to provide a partial closure
to the forward end of cavity 82. More specifically, retaining elements 86 extend across
the forward ends of the end fingers 73 on the common bus connector 70. Following connection
of the terminals 6 and their associated wires 4 to the common bus connector 70, actuator
80 operates to withdraw arm 81 and move jig 77 rearward to the load/unload position.
During that motion, the retaining members 86 on jig 77 engage the end fingers 73 and
the common bus connector 70 rearward also. Such rearward displacement of a common
bus connector 70 dislodges the female terminals 6 from their seated positions in jig
75, thus facilitating removal of the connected wires and connector from tool 42 by
a simple lifting upward of the several wires 4 in unison to remove connector 70 from
cavity 82.
[0076] At various stages in the formation of wire harnesses 8, it is desirable and necessary
to gather and bind certain ones of the wires to form branches within the harness.
In some instances, those branches will terminate in connectors or other types of electrical
termination. To bind the branches of a wire harness 8, it has been conventional to
bind or wrap adhesive tape in a helical pattern about the collection of wires which
form the branch. In some instances the tape is wound entirely manually, but in other
instances mechanized devices have been used. In the present system, an improved taping
arrangement is depicted at the work station containing taping machine 38 and adjacent
to which the harness 8i is positioned. Both the taping machine 38 and the arrangement
of which it is a part are of improved design, as discussed in the following description
with particular reference to Figs. 10-12.
[0077] Referring to Fig. 10, there is depicted the taping machine 38 mounted for translation
along a pair of rails 87 which are in turn mounted to and supported by a platform
88. The platform 88 is pivotally mounted to and supported by the frame 27 of conveyor
23 in the same way as pivotable loom tables 36, as by a gudgeon 68 and pintle 69 of
the type earlier described. The work platform 88 may be long and narrow and formed
of a rigid material such as metal, wood or plastic. Toward one end of the platform
88 there is mounted a bifurcated harness support 65 of the same general type as earlier
described with respect to the loom tables 36. Relatively near the other end of the
work platform 88, there is positioned a mechanism for gripping or clamping the harness,
such as the clamping mechanism 89.
[0078] The clamping mechanism 89 is rigidly mounted to platform 88 and extends upwardly
therefrom for releasably engaging a bundle of wires which form a branch of harness
8i, to permit the application of a tensioning force to the harness branch during the
taping thereof. The clamping mechanism 89 may be of any suitable construction and
typically includes a pair of jaws 90a, 90b, one or both of which are movable vertically
between clamping and release positions by means of a manual actuating arm 9. Conveniently,
the lower jaw 90a is stationary and the upper jaw 90b is moved vertically by actuation
of the arm 91 in a vertical plane about a horizontal pivot axis. Actuating arm 91
may be pivoted downward from its release position shown in Fig. 10 to some over-center
locked position in which jaws 90a and 90b firmly grip a branch of the harness placed
therebetween. The jaws 90a, 90b may be concavely contoured to the general circular
shape of a harness branch. Further, a spring or other bias element is typically associated
with one or both of the jaws 90a, 90b such that they resiliently and yieldably engage
harness branches of differing diameters.
[0079] Platform 88 serves as a mounting frame for the parallel rails 87, which in turn support
the taping machine 38 in sliding relation therewith via slide bracket 92 which slides
along the rails between a pair of adjustable stops 93 positioned toward relative opposite
ends thereof. The stops 93 may be positioned on only one of the rails 87 and are manually
adjustable as by thumbscrews.
[0080] Referring to Fig. 11, the taping machine 38 is considered in greater detail. Generally
speaking, taping machine 38 includes a two-piece housing 94, a two-piece orbiting
disc or plate 95 and a tape dispensing arrangement, such as the spool of tape 97 mounted
on orbiting plate 95 via spindle 98.
[0081] The orbiting plate 95 is driven by motor 96 via a pinion 100 in driving engagement
with an annular bevel gear 99 on the face of plate 95. The orbiting plate 95 includes
a circular central opening 102 through which the branch of the wiring harness to be
taped extends during the taping operation. The plate 95 may be of a suitable material
such as metal, plastic or a composite.
[0082] Although the housing and/or the orbiting plate 95 might be formed such as to be non-opening,
it will be appreciated that the harness branch to be taped would require both insertion
and removal axially through the center opening 102. This may be both cumbersome and
limits the size of connectors that may have been previously connected to an end of
that branch. Instead, as depicted in Fig. 11, both the housing 94 and the orbiting
plate 95 are formed of two pieces, and the housing is hinged to permit being opened
at a forward end to create a mouth 104 through which a wire harness branch may be
admitted to and removed from the central opening 102 without requiring axial movement
of the branch. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower portion of housing 94 and
of orbiting plate 95 are angularly coextensive and are less than 180 degrees, whereas
the respective upper portions of each are somewhat greater than 180 degrees. The lower
portion of housing 94 is connected to the upper portion via a hinge mechanism 106.
Hinge 106 is in turn connected to a pneumatic actuator 108 via linkage 109. Operation
of the actuator 108 serves to move the lower portion of housing 94 up and down between
closed and open positions respectively.
[0083] As best seen in Fig. 12, the housing 94 is C-shaped in cross section to provide a
housing and raceway for the two-piece plate 95 which orbits therewithin. The outer
circumference of the two-piece orbiting plate 95 is sufficiently narrow to fit within
the housing 94, but sufficiently wide to include several slots extending radially
therein about the circumference for the mounting of several respective roller bearings
110. The roller bearings 110 are mounted in position by respective pins 112 which
extend in an axial direction through plate 95 and upon which the bearings are mounted
for rotation. The roller bearings 110 provide the principal supporting contact between
the housing 94 and the orbiting plates 95. Additionally, to retain each of the orbiting
plates 95 captive within the respective housing portion 94 when the housing is open,
there are provided axially extending notches 114 in the opposite sidewalls of the
orbiting plates 95, and retaining pins 116 mounted in the opposed sidewalls of the
housing 94 extend therefrom into the notches 114. A connecting bracket 118, seen in
Fig. 11, spans the two halves of the housing 94 and includes a slotted keyway 119
in which a key (not shown) associated with one of the halves slides in order to glide
a relative opening and closing motion between the halves.
[0084] It will be understood that although the orbiting plate 95 is formed in two complementary
portions, the portion which is being driven at any moment by pinion 100 serves to
drive or push the other plate portion such that it follows. Pinion 100 spans both
halves of the orbiting plate 95 at the two positions of interface therebetween. Thus,
when the two halves of housing 94 are closed as shown in in broken line in Fig. 11,
the operation of motor 96 drives the pinion 100 which in turn drives the orbiting
plates 95, to thereby impart orbital motion to the spool of tape 97 about the wire
harness branch positioned within the central opening 102. Assuming the adhesive surface
of the tape has first been placed in engagement with the wire harness branch, such
orbital motion of the tape spool 97 effects wrapping of the tape about the branch.
[0085] To ensure that the housing 94 of taping machine 38 remains closed during operation,
there is provided an engaging hinge having a female fastener member 120 on one lip
of the housing and a locking pin 121 controlled by pneumatic actuator 122 positioned
on the other lip of the housing. Control of the actuator 122 serves to move the locking
pin 121 into and out of locking engagement with the female fastener member 120.
[0086] For the taping machine 38 to operate correctly, it is important that the two portions
of the orbiting plate 95 each stop in positions which are angularly coextensive with
the two halves of the housing 94 when the taping machine is to be opened. This assures
that the opening of mouth 104 is relatively wide and further, that there is little
or no likelihood of the orbiting plate portions becoming separated from the respective
housing portions. To accomplish this end, provision has been made for detecting the
angular orientation of the orbiting plate 95 within the housing 94 and for stopping
rotation of the plate at precisely the correct angle. Detection of the angle is accomplished
by an inductive detector 124 mounted on the housing 94 for detecting a specific angular
position on the circumference of the orbiting plate 95. That position may be indicated
by including a piece of metal 125 on the orbiting plate periphery for appropriate
electromagnetic interaction with the detector 124 in a known manner. This form of
detection is particularly suited to use with a plate 95 formed of non-metallic material.
[0087] Operating in conjunction with the detector 124 is a pneumatic cylinder 126 positioned
on the upper portion of the housing 94. Cylinder 126 operates to apply a braking/locking
force to the upper orbiting plate 95 to lock it in correct angular position as detected
by detector 124. Pneumatic cylinder 126 may act to move a brake or lock member into
and out of braking and/or locking engagement with the orbiting plate 95.
[0088] Preferably, the motor 96, and the actuator cylinders 108, 122 and 126 are pneumatically
driven and are controlled in accordance with an electric program control provided
by an OMRON C28K Controller (not shown) in a manner commensurate with the present
description. Inputs to that control are provided by START/STOP and OPEN/CLOSE control
buttons (not shown) controlled by an operator 15 and additionally by an electrically
input from the inductive detector 124. Appropriate actuation of the OPEN/CLOSE control
buttons effects the respective opening or closing of the taping machine 38 via actuator
108 and the respective unlocking or locking of fastener 120, 121 via actuator 122.
Similarly, appropriate actuation of the START control commences the orbital motion
of the tape spool 97 to wind tape about a wiring harness branch, and actuation of
the STOP control serves, via detector 124, motor 96 and cylinder 126 to stop the orbiting
plate 95 at the correct position.
[0089] Thus, to effect the taping of a branch of wire harness 8i, the work platform 88 will
typically be pivoted to a position adjacent the conveyor 28 and one end of the branch
to be taped will be clamped in the clamping mechanism 89. The harness branch will
then be moved through the open mouth 104 of taping machine 38 into the central opening
102 and the other end of that branch may then be supported in the bifurcated support
65. The operator 15 may provide a manual tensioning of the harness branch against
the resisting clamping force of the mechanism 89. The taping machine 38 is then closed,
the tape 97 is led to the harness branch and the motor 96 is then energized to begin
the taping operation. The taping machine 38 is manually moved along the rails 87 from
one stop limit 93 to the other to perform the tape winding operation. Upon reaching
the other limit 93, the operator actuates the STOP button, then severs the tape, as
with a knife, and opens the taping machine 38 to permit the removal of the harness
branch and its return to the conveyor belt 28.
[0090] Although this invention has been shown and described with respect to detailed embodiments
thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in
form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of
the claimed invention.
1. The method of assembling wire harnesses comprising the steps of:
in a first region, precutting and terminating quantities of the various wires of which
a harness is comprised; and
in a second region, assembling the wire harnesses via the steps including:
providing a mechanical conveyor line for conveying the harnesses substantially from
inception in embryonic form at an upstream end to completion at a downstream end;
providing a multiplicity of local work stations along the conveyor at which operators
perform various manual assembly functions, said functions being variable as required;
providing local supplies of wires at various of said work stations for use in the
assembly function thereat, including transporting wires from said first region to
said respective said work stations to provide said local supplies;
providing local supplies of connectors at various of said work stations for use in
the assembly function thereat; and
connecting various of said wires to various of said connectors at various of said
work stations and integrating said wires and connectors into respective wire harnesses.
2. The method of claim 1 including the steps of advancing the conveyor periodically
and performing said connecting and integrating steps in the interval between said
advancing of said conveyor.
3. The method of claim 2 including the step of preselecting the assembly functions
at each of said work stations to require substantially equal times to accomplish.
4. A system for the fabrication of wire harnesses according to the method of claim
1, each having multiple wires, comprising:
a mechanized conveyor of particular width having relative upstream and downstream
portions and multiple work stations therealong for the progressive formation of said
harnesses from embryonic to completed states respectively;
means proximate at least some of said work stations for providing wires, including
some terminated wires, for inclusion in a wire harness, the length of at least some
of said wires being substantially greater than said particular width of said conveyor;
and
a trough adjacent at least one side of said conveyor along at least said upstream
portion thereof whereby said wires of a said embryonic harness may extend transversely
of the conveyor beyond its said particular width and into said trough.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein said conveyor includes means affixed thereto for
positively engaging and moving said embryonic harness therewith.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein said harness engaging means comprises at least one
pair of fingers extending upwardly from said conveyor, the fingers of a said pair
being spaced from one another in the direction in which the conveyor moves.
7. The system of claim 6 wherein said conveyor includes multiple pairs of said fingers,
each said pair of fingers being spaced from the other said pairs in the direction
in which the conveyor moves.
8. The system of claim 4 wherein said trough depends from the conveyor a distance
greater than said width of said conveyor, thereby to receive a significant portion
of said harness.
9. The system of claim 4 wherein said embryonic harness includes a junction box connected
thereto and wherein the width of said trough is sufficient to receive said junction
box therewithin.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein said conveyor includes first and second said troughs,
said first trough being adjacent one side of the conveyor and said second trough being
adjacent the other side of said conveyor thereby to each receive a portion of said
embryonic harness therein.
11. The system of claim 6 wherein said conveyor includes multiple pairs of fingers,
the fingers of a respective said pair being spaced from one another in the direction
in which the conveyor moves and said pairs of fingers being spaced from one another
also in the direction in which the conveyor moves, each said pair of fingers being
adapted to engage and move said embryonic harness therewith, and said embryonic harness
may cross said conveyor in generally U-shape form, with the two arms of the U-shape
being engaged respectively by two pairs of fingers, the nexus portion of the U-shape
being in one of said troughs and the ends of said U-shape being in the other of said
troughs.
12. A wire storage and dispensing arrangement for use in a system for the fabrication
of wire harnesses according to the method of claim 1, the fabrication system including
a mechanical conveyor having multiple work stations therealong, comprising:
means for (respectively) temporarily storing quantities of wires at various ones of
said working stations, said wires being precut to various appropriate lengths, said
storing means being so configured and said wires being so disposed therein as to facilitate
manual removal of respective said wires for use at a work station, each said storage
means comprising a plurality of channel trays supported on a carriage, said wires
being of various different function-type, the wires of a respective said function-type
being stored in a respective one of said channel trays.
13. The arrangement of claim 12 wherein most of said carriages are mobile.
14. The arrangement of claim 13 wherein said channel trays are each generally U-shaped
and open at an end to provide manual access thereto for removing a wire in a direction
longitudinally of said channel.
15. The arrangement of claim 14 wherein each said channel tray includes a base and
a pair of generally opposed side walls, the base portion connecting said side walls
being generally flat thereby to facilitate even distribution of wires therein.
16. The arrangement of claim 14 wherein at least some of said carriages each include
horizontal shelves at several levels, and respective channel trays are freely supported
horizontally on the respective said shelves at various said levels.
17. The arrangement of claim 14 wherein said channel trays are oriented substantially
vertically on at least some of said carriages and said wires disposed in said channel
trays extend beyond and hang from the upper end therefrom to facilitate said manual
removal.
18. The arrangement of claim 17 wherein said channel trays each include respective
clamp means affixed thereto near the respective upper end thereof for releasably retaining
the wires in the respective channel trays in position for convenient manual access.
19. The arrangement of claim 14 wherein a hinge connects a pair of said channel trays
at one end in adjacent parallel relation, thereby to store in the pair wires of greater
length than the length of a single channel tray of the pair.
20. The arrangement of claim 13 wherein said carriages include base cross members
at opposite ends, rolling means being affixed to said base cross members, and wherein
at least one of said base cross members is adjustable toward the other.
21. A system for the fabrication of wire harnesses according to the method of claim
1, each having multiple wires, comprising:
a mechanized conveyor having multiple work stations therealong for the progressive
manual formation of said harnesses;
means proximate at least some of said work stations for providing wires, some of which
are terminated, for inclusion in wire harnesses; and
one or more loom tables each adjacent a respective work station for facilitating the
fabrication of a multiwire harness subassembly thereat for inclusion in the wire harness
at the respective work station.
22. The system of claim 21 wherein one or more of said loom tables is pivotally mounted
for selective displacement between an operating position and an idle position, said
operating position disposing said loom table so as to facilitate said fabrication
of a said harness subassembly and said idle position being displaced from said operating
position and disposing said loom table in substantially non-interfering relation at
the work station for operations thereat other than said fabrication of said harness
subassembly.
23. The system of claim 22 wherein a said loom table comprises a platform member and
a plurality of wire supporting members mounted to and extending from the platform
member for receiving, supporting and routing various wires of said multiwire subassembly.
24. The system of claim 23 wherein said platform member is horizontal and each said
wire supporting member extends upwardly therefrom and includes a respective bifurcation
at its upper end for receiving wires therebetween.
25. The system of claim 22 wherein said conveyor includes a supporting frame and said
loom tables are each pivotally mounted to said frame.
26. A tapering arrangement for the mechanized wrapping of tape about an elongated
bundle of wires undergoing fabrication into a wire harness according to the method
of claim 1 and disposed on a conveyor, comprising, at a work station adjacent the
conveyor:
a taping machine, including a housing, a drive motor connected to the housing, an
orbiting mechanism supported by the housing and driven by the motor in an orbital
path about a central region in which the wire bundle is disposed, and tape dispensing
means mounted on the orbiting mechanism for dispensing tape to the wire bundle as
the mechanism orbits about the wire bundle;
mounting means for the taping machine to facilitate manual displacement of the machine
longitudinally of the wire bundle to be taped; and
the mounting means and taping machine being positioned adjacent to the conveyor at
least during taping of a wire bundle.
27. The taping arrangement of claim 26 further including at least one gripping means
mounted to resist motion longitudinally of the wire bundle to be taped, said gripping
means being adapted to releasably engage and grip the wire bundle to be taped sufficiently
to resist displacement of the wire bundle during application of a tensile force thereto
during taping.
28. The taping arrangement of claim 27 wherein said gripping means comprises a clamp
which is manually actuatable between clamping and release positions.
29. The taping arrangement of claim 28 wherein said taping machine mounting means
includes support platform, said support platform being positioned adjacent to the
conveyor, and said clamp being mounted on and supported by said support platform.
30. The taping arrangement of claim 29 wherein said support platform is mounted for
pivotable motion relatively toward and away from the conveyor between respective operating
and idle positions.
31. The taping arrangement of claim 30 wherein said conveyor includes a stationary
frame and said support platform is pivotally mounted to said conveyor frame.
32. The taping arrangement of claim 31 wherein said mounting means for said taping
machine further includes a mounting frame, a pair of parallel rails joined to and
supported by the mounting frame, and a bracket sliceably disposed on said parallel
rails for longitudinal motion therealong, said bracket being connected to and providing
the support for said taping machine.
33. The taping arrangement of claim 32 including selectively adjustable stop means
positioned on at least one of said rails for limiting the longitudinal displacement
of the bracket and thereby the taping machine, supported by said bracket.
34. The taping arrangement of claim 26 wherein said drive motor is pneumatically powered.
35. The taping arrangement of claim 26 wherein said taping machine housing includes
an annular and substantially continuous race and said orbiting mechanism comprises
annular disc means having a central opening at the central region through which the
wire bundle may extend.
36. The taping arrangement of claim 35 wherein said orbiting annular disc means includes
an annular pattern of gear teeth on one face thereof, and wherein said motor includes
a pinion in driving engagement with the gear teeth of said orbiting annular disc means
for translating the axis of rotary motion between the motor and the orbiting annular
disc means.
37. The taping arrangement of claim 26 wherein said mounting means for said taping
machine includes a mounting frame, at least one rail joined to and supported by the
mounting frame, and a bracket sliceably disposed on said rail for longitudinal motion
therealong, said bracket being connected to and providing the support for said taping
machine.
38. A taping machine for use in fabrication of wire harness according to the method
of claim 1, said taping machine having housing, a motor, an orbiting mechanism supported
by the housing and driven by the motor, and tape dispensing means mounted on the orbiting
mechanism for dispensing tape to an object to be taped as the mechanism orbits about
the object, and wherein the housing is annular and comprises two complementary arcuate
portions joined in hinged relation and movable between relatively open and closed
positions and the orbiting mechanism comprises an annular plate having a central opening
and being divided into two separate complementary arcuate portions substantially coinciding
with said complementary housing portions and being capable of being moved with said
housing portions between said open and said closed positions.
39. The taping machine of claim 38 wherein the motor includes a pinion connected thereto
in driven relation, each of said arcuate portions of said plate includes a respective
arcuate gear in a face thereof and wherein said pinion is in driving engagement with
said gear on at least one of said arcuate portions of said plate, the other of said
arcuate portions of said plate being pushed and driven by said one.
40. The taping machine of claim 39 further including means for detecting a particular
position of rotation of said arcuate plate portions with respect to said portions
of said housing and for providing a signal representative of that position, and means
responsive to said signal for stopping rotation of said arcuate plate portions to
substantially coincide with said complementary housing portions.
41. The taping machine of claim 39 including complementary locking means affixed to
respective ones of said complementary housing portions for releasably locking said
housing portions in said closed position.
42. The taping machine of claim 39 wherein said motor is a pneumatic motor.
43. A terminal assembling tool for facilitating the connection of multiple terminated
wires to a common bus connector in the fabrication of wire harness according to the
method of claim 1, the terminated wires each including a terminal for receiving a
terminal of complementary type, and the common bus connector including multiple terminals
of said complementary type extending therefrom in substantially the same direction,
comprising:
a first jig for receiving said multiple terminated wires;
a second jig for receiving said common bus connector;
at least one of said first and second jigs being movable relative to the other between
relative proximate and distant positions respectively corresponding with a connecting
position and a load/unload position;
means for actuating said one of said first and second jigs between said connecting
and said load/unload positions;
said first jig including means for pre-positioning said terminated wires; and
said second jig including means for pre-positioning said common bus connector,
whereby upon said actuation of said one of said first and second jigs said terminated
wires are accurately and completely connected to respective ones of said terminals
on said common bus connector.
44. The terminal assembling tool of claim 43 wherein said jig actuating means comprises
a pneumatically-powered liner actuator.
45. The terminal assembling tool of claim 44 including a base member and wherein said
actuator includes a housing and a reciprocable actuating arm, said base member housing
and said first jig being substantially fixedly mounted to said base member and said
second jig being connected to said actuating arm of said actuator for reciprocation
between said connecting and load/unload positions.
46. The terminal assembling tool of claim 43 wherein said terminals on said wires
are of a female type, said common bus connectors are of a male type and said common
bus connector includes a common base portion, said multiple male terminals extending
forwardly from said base portion, and a pair of end fingers being disposed at opposite
ends of said base portion and extending forwardly therefrom, and wherein said second
jig further includes retaining means extending transversely of said common base portion
end fingers and forwardly thereof to engage said end fingers and move said common
base portion and connected terminated wires rearwardly in unison for unloading when
said second jig is actuated from said connecting position to said load/unload position.
47. The terminal assembling tool of claim 46 wherein said second jig is disposed for
actuation in the horizontal plane and said pre-positioning means thereof comprise
a cavity therein open at the top and at the front of said second jig for receiving/discharging
the common bus connector via vertical motion thereof and for closely orienting the
common bus connector when received in the cavity.
48. The terminal assembling tool of claim 47 wherein said first jig includes multiple,
substantially parallel slots in the upper surface thereof, a respective said slot
existing for each of said terminated wires, said slots being substantially aligned
with respective said male terminals on said common bus connector, and wherein each
of said slots is contoured at its forward end to retain a respective female terminal
therein in alignment with a respective said male terminal.
49. The terminal assembling tool of claim 48 wherein said male terminals are of the
spade type and extend in a horizontal plane when disposed in said second jig.