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(11) | EP 0 443 749 A2 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | Cigarette or cigar |
| (57) A cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and means for introducing a flow of ambient
diluting air into the smoke stream passing to the smoker after a predetermined length
of the tobacco rod has been smoked, said means including a flow path for ambient diluting
air which is sealed by a low melting point material and control means for utilising
the heat from the glowing tip of the cigarette when it reaches a predetermined point
in the length of the the tobacco rod to melt said low melting point material to introduce
or increase a flow of diluting ambient air into the smoke stream downstream of the
glowing tip. |
[0001] This invention relates to a cigarette or cigar which is arranged to have an increasing level of tip air ventilation as it is smoked.
[0002] It is well known that a conventional cigar or cigarette grows stronger to the taste and increases in tar and nicotine delivery as it is consumed as a result of the partial condensation, on the unburnt tobacco, of nicotine and other smoke constituents generated in early puffs and the subsequent release of these materials along with the combustion products of the tobacco in later puffs.
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to avoid any untoward increase in the strength of later puffs and improve the uniformity of the strength and flavour of the smoke throughout smoking by the provision of an increased level of air dilution of the smoke in the later puffs.
[0004] In the following specification the term "cigarette" will be used although it will be understood that the term is meant to also include a cigar, cigarlette or other similar type of smoking product.
[0005] According to the present invention a cigarette comprises a tobacco rod and means for introducing a flow of ambient diluting air into the smoke stream passing to the smoker after a predetermined length of the tobacco rod has been smoked, said means including a flow path for ambient diluting air which is sealed by a low melting point material and control means for utilising the heat from the glowing tip of the cigarette when it reaches a predetermined point in the length of the tobacco rod to melt said low melting point material to introduce or increase a flow of diluting ambient air into the smoke stream downstream of the glowing tip.
[0006] Thus after a given proportion of the tobacco rod has been consumed the glowing tip operates the means to introduce or increase a flow of diluting air into the cigarette for the later puffs.
[0007] The flow path can be provided in a control element located at the end of the tobacco rod spaced away from the end to be ignited.
[0008] Preferably the control means includes an axially aligned combustible tube in said tobacco rod which acts to convey heat from the glowing tip to the low melting point material after a predetermined length of the cigarette has been smoked.
[0009] The combustible tube acts to concentrate hot gases from the tip in order to melt the low melting point material. This occurs when the combustion cone reaches the vicinity of the end of the tube and at that time the flow of combustion product is split so that a portion flows down the tube and a portion flows through the tobacco rod. The split depends on the relative resistances of the two pathways. There is a rapid fall in temperature of the smoke during its passage through the tobacco rod but the smoke and air passes down the tube at a high velocity and retains a relatively high temperature where it exits onto the end of the control element.
[0010] The flow passage can extend from the outer circumference of the cigarette to the tobacco rod upstream of the control element, or to a smoke passage provided in the control element and which is sealed by said low melting point material, said flow path extending from the outer circumference of the cigarette to said smoke passage.
[0011] In one preferred construction at least one additional smoke passage is provided which is open to smoke flow from the tobacco rod prior to the melting of the low melting point material and the opening of the smoke passage.
[0012] The combustible tube can be arranged in various positions in the tobacco rod, for example, it can be to one side thereof or it can be co-axial therewith.
[0013] The control element can be made from a rigid non-pervious material, for example metal or carbon, but is preferably made from a plastics material, for example polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate or nylon. The body of the element may be solid or, if desired, may be hollow provided the necessary flow channels are maintained discrete.
[0014] In another embodiment the control element can be made from a filter material, for example cellulose acetate, polyethylene or polypropylene fibre tow or web, or paper.
[0015] The control element can itself form the mouthpiece end of the cigarette or, alternatively, a conventional filter element can be employed downstream of it to provide the mouthpiece end.
[0016] The invention can be performed in various ways and some embodiments will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which :
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side elevation of a cigarette incorporating the invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional end view on the line II-II of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional end view on the line III-III of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional side elevation of another construction;
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional end view on the line V-V of Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional end view on the line VI-VI of Figure 4;
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional side elevation of another construction according to the invention;
Figure 8 is a cross-sectional end view on the line VIII-VIII of Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a cross-sectional end view on the line IX-IX of Figure 7;
Figure 10 is a cross-sectional side elevation of another construction;
Figure 11 is a cross-sectional end view on the line XI-XI of Figure 10;
Figure 12 is a cross-sectional end view on the line XII-XII on Figure 10.
[0017] In the constructions of the invention to be described the tobacco rod of a cigarette is provided with an axially aligned combustible tube which is shorter than the tobacco rod and is positioned with one end adjacent to a control element. This element is provided with a flow path or paths for the introduction of ambient diluting air through which, initially, the flow is restricted or completely arrested by a film of low melting point, impermeable material forming a seal across the potential pathways. This film, or a region of it, is situation in close proximity to the end of the tube in the tobacco rod. Air dilution of the smoke is introduced or increased during smoking when the burning zone of the tobacco rod reaches the tube and hot air and/or smoke passes along the tube, melts the low-melting film and, thus, opens up the ventilation flow path.
[0018] In the construction shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 a cigarette according to the invention comprises a tobacco rod 1 wrapped in cigarette paper 2 attached to a two part filter, indicated generally by reference numeral 3, by a tipping paper 4. An axially aligned tube 5 is located within the tobacco rod 1 with one end 6 adjacent to the two part filter rod 3 and the other end 7 is situated within the tobacco column. The end 7 may be either open or sealed. The length of the tube 5 is less than that of the tobacco rod, for example, between 10% and 90% and more preferably between 10% and 60% of the length of the tobacco rod. The diameter of the tube is between 0.2 mm and 4 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm and more preferably between 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm. This tube is constructed from a combustible material, for example paper, cardboard or reconstituted tobacco sheet having a permeability of less than 100 cm/min cbar, preferably of less than 50 cm/min cbar.
[0019] The two part filter rod comprises means for introducing a flow of ambient diluting air in the form of a control element 8 and a filter element 9 made from conventional filter material. The two parts are held together by a plug wrap 10.
[0020] The control element 8 is substantially cylindrical and has a central smoke channel 11. The upstream end of the element is formed with an annular recess 12 so that the smoke channel 11 is continued by walls 13. The recess 12 has one or more radially extending holes 14 in the peripheral region which register with holes or porous regions 15 in the tipping paper 4 and plug wrap 10 to provide flow paths for ambient air to become entrained with the smoke when heated air and/or smoke exiting the tube 5 at end 6 melts a film of low melting material 16 which extends over the face of the annular recess 12. As the upstream end 17 of the channel 11 is open the channel 11 provides a flow path for smoke throughout the smoking of the cigarette. When the low melt material 16 melts however a second flow path for ambient diluting air is opened up which extends through the air holes 14 axially through the annular recess 12 into the tobacco rod 1 upstream of the control element 8 and then into the central smoke passage 11.
[0021] Throughout the smoking of the cigarette, even when the ambient air ventilation flow paths have opened the smoke is filtered by the filter element 9.
[0022] In this construction the control element 9 may be constructed from any appropriate rigid material such as metal or carbon, but preferably a synthetic plastics material is employed, for example polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate or nylon. In the arrangement shown the body of the element is solid but, if desired it could be hollow provided the necessary flow paths are maintained discrete.
[0023] In the construction shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6 the same reference numerals are used to indicate similar parts as those shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the control element 18 however has a smoke flow passage 19, the ends 20 and 21 of which are closed by a film of low melting point material. Radially extending air flow passages 22 are provided and an additional smoke flow passage 23 extends through the element.
[0024] The tube 5 is co-axial with the tobacco rod 1 and the cigarette end 6 is aligned with the smoke flow passage 19.
[0025] The air flow passages 22 connect the passage 19 to the curved surface of the element where they register with holes or porous regions 15 in the tipping paper 4 to provide the air flow paths.
[0026] Although both ends of the passage 19 are shown as being sealed, only the end 20 may be sealed if desired.
[0027] When the hot gases in the tube 5 melt the sealing film, ventilation through the passages 22 is provided. Two or more additional passages 23 may be provided to allow smoke passage through the control element into the filter element 9 prior to the opening of the passage 19.
[0028] Figures 7, 8 and 9 show another construction of control element and once again the same reference numerals are used to indicate similar parts as in the other figures. In this embodiment the tube 5 is again adjacent the wall of the tobacco rod 1 but the control element 25 comprises a plug of filter material 26 which is annular in cross-section and held in place on the outside by the porous or perforated plug wrap 10. The filter material 26 surrounds an impermeable tube 27 having open ends 28 and 29 and the face of the annular plug 26 adjacent the tobacco rod 1 is sealed, initially, by a film of low melting material 30. Optionally the other end of the plug may be sealed by a film of the same material or by other means 31. The tube 27 provides a passage 32 for smoke and maybe empty or may contain a filter material (not shown) similar to or different from the plug 26. Ventilation is achieved through perforations or porous regions 15 in the tipping paper 4 and plug wrap 10 and is introduced or increased when the film 30, and film 31, when provided, melts through contact with hot air and/or smoke drawn through the tube 5 in the tobacco rod. Thus once again a flow path for ambient ventilating air is provided, in this case into the control element itself and then into the filter element 9.
[0029] Figures 10, 11 and 12 show another construction in which the same reference numerals are once again used to indicate similar parts to those shown in the other Figures. In this construction the tube 5 is again positioned along the central axis of the tobacco rod 1 but the control element 35 comprises an annular plug of filter material wrapped on the outside by the porous or perforated plug wrap 10. The annular plug of filter material surrounds an impermeable tube 36 one end of the tube being sealed initially by a film of low melting material 37 and, optionally, the other end of the tube 36 may be sealed by a film 38 of the same material or by other means. The tube 36 can be empty or may contain a filter material 39 as shown in the drawing which is similar to or different from the filter material comprising the plug. One or more air passages 40 are provided connecting the tube 36 to the curved surface of the plug and these register with holes or porous regions 15 in the tipping paper 4 and plug wrap 10. The plug of filter material provides the flow path for smoke and ambient air ventilation is introduced or increased when the film 37, and the film 38, when provided, melt through contact with hot air and/or smoke drawn through the tube 5 in the tobacco rod 1.
[0030] The tube 32 shown in Figure 7 and the tube 36 shown in Figure 10 may be made from any suitable material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, nylon or other synthetic plastics material. The filter material used in the control elements shown in Figures 7 and 10 may be of any commonly used materials, for example cellulose acetate, polyethylene or polypropylene fibre tow or web, or paper.
[0031] The low melting material employed to form a film in all the embodiments described can have a melting point below 150° C and preferably below 1OO` C and more preferably below 70 C. Hot melt adhesives of melting point around 60 C have been found to be suitable. In all the arrangements described above the additional filter element 9 is included but if desired this could be omitted so that the control element forms the mouthpiece of the cigarette.
EXAMPLE
[0033] An axial central hole (1.0 mm diameter) and an annular recess (inner diameter 3.0 mm, outer diameter 6.0 mm) were cut into a nylon cylinder ( 8 mm diameter, 23.0 mm length). The axial hole extended the whole length of the cylinder whilst the recess was cut commencing at a flat face to a depth of 8.0 mm. Six ventilation holes (each 0.8 mm diameter) were drilled equidistant around the circumference of the cylinder through the outer wall of the recess at a distance of 7.0 mm from the face. A thin film of hot melt adhesive (melting point around 60 C) was applied to cover the annular opening of the recess.
[0034] Cigarettes were constructed from the control element by attaching separately 64 mm tobacco rods, containing a cylindrical empty paper tube (42 mm long, 2.0 mm diameter), to the end with the hot melt adhesive and 20 mm cellulose acetate filters to the other end. The paper tube was located at the periphery of the tobacco rod with one end adjacent to the control element and the other end, which was sealed by crimping, at a position 22 mm from the lit end.
[0035] The cigarettes were tested using a vacuum driven smoking machine set to take 35 ml square-wave puffs of duration 2 seconds at a frequency of one puff per minute. The total flow from the cigarette and the flow of air into the filter rod through the six ventilation holes were measured using appropriate flow sensors linked to pressure transducers in order to determine the level of tip ventilation of the cigarette at each puff.
1. A cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and means for introducing a flow of ambient
diluting air into the smoke stream passing to the smoker after a predetermined length
of the tobacco rod has been smoked, said means including a flow path for ambient diluting
air which is sealed by a low melting point material and control means for utilising
the heat from the glowing tip of the cigarette when it reaches a predetermined point
in the length of the the tobacco rod to melt said low melting point material to introduce
or increase a flow of diluting ambient air into the smoke stream downstream of the
glowing tip.
2. A cigarette as claimed in claim 1 in which said flow path is provided in a control
element located at the end of the tobacco rod spaced away from the end to be ignited.
3. A cigarette as claimed in claim 2 in which said control means includes an axially
aligned combustible tube in said tobacco rod which acts to convey heat from said glowing
tip to said low melting point material after a predetermined length of the cigarette
has been smoked.
4. A cigarette as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 in which said flow path extends from
the outer circumference of the cigarette to the tobacco rod upstream of said control
element.
5. A cigarette as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 in which said control element includes
a smoke passage which is sealed by said low melting point material, said flow path
extending from the outer circumference of the cigarette to said smoke passage.
6. A cigarette as claimed in claim 5 in which said control element has at least one
additional smoke passage which is open to smoke flow from said tobacco rod prior to
the melting of said low melting point material.
7. A cigarette as claimed in any one of claims 3,4,5, or 6 in which said combustible
tube is co-axial with the longitudinal axis of the tobacco rod.
8. A cigarette as claimed in any one of claims 3,4,5 or 6 in which said combustible
tube is to one side of the longitudinal axis of the tobacco rod.
9. A cigarette as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 2 to 8 in which the control
element is made from a rigid non-pervious material.
10. A cigarette as claimed in claim 9 in which the control element is made from metal,
carbon, or a plastics material.
11. A cigarette as claimed in claim 10 in which the control element is made from polyethylene,
polypropylene, cellulose acetate or nylon.
12. A cigarette as claimed in claims 9, 10 or 11 in which the body of the control
element is solid, or hollow with discrete flow channels.
13. A cigarette as claimed in any one of preceding claims 2 to 8 in which the control
element is made from a filter material.
14. A cigarette as claimed in claim 13 in which the control element is made from cellulose
acetate, polyethylene or polypropylene fibre tow or web, or paper.
15. A cigarette as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 2 to 14 in which the
control element forms the mouthpiece end of the cigarette.
16. A cigarette as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 2 to 14 in which a conventional
filter element is provided downstream of the control element at the mouthpiece end
of the cigarette.
17. A cigarette substantially as described herein with reference to and as shown in
Figures 1 to 3, Figures 4,5 and 6, Figures 7,8 and 9, and Figures 10,11 and 12 of
the accompanying drawings.