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(11) | EP 0 484 080 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
Improvements in and relating to concrete formwork Verbesserungen an Betonschalungen Perfectionnements aux coffrages pour béton |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
[0001] This invention relates to concrete formwork. It is particularly concerned with formwork of the type employed to produce walls, especially formwork for producing curved walls.
[0002] One type of concrete formwork is known from British Patent GB-A-2133826. This describes formwork for producing curved walls comprising a deformable panel and a plurality of U-shaped members secured to the panel by their legs and arranged in at least two columns. A soldier, i.e., a structural member comprising two, spaced connected beams with aligned holes therein, spans across two or more support members in the same column and is connected thereto by a way of the faces of the members. The outer faces of two adjacent soldiers are connected by an adjustable tie whereby the distance between the soldiers may be altered to vary the curvature of the panel. Any desired height can be accommodated simply by altering the number of U-shaped members in each column and employing different lengths of soldier. The soldiers provide rigidity. In use, two panels, each supported by a plurality of U-shaped members and soldiers, are positioned a distance apart and concrete is cast between them to form a wall.
[0003] In both this known arrangement and in other concrete formwork arrangements, ties are employed which extend between, and beyond the outer sides of, the panels. These ties serve to hold the panels together. Generally they are threaded and, once inserted through the panels, correspondingly threaded nuts are attached to their ends. The nuts are screwed down to pull the panels together and enable them to resist the forces generated by the concrete to be poured therebetween. In the formwork arrangement specifically described above, the bases of the U-shaped members are formed with holes so that the ties can pass through the members and then between the webs of the soldier. The nuts, employed with the ties, are bolted down against the outer pair of flanges of the soldier. The soldiers serve to evenly distribute loads generated by the pressure of the concrete acting on the panels which is passed through the ties and the-U-shaped members.
[0004] To ensure that the formwork will resist the pressures generated by the concrete to be cast therein, a large number of ties have to be employed. In general, two or three per soldier are employed and there must be a minimum of at least one per soldier. This has the disadvantage that the cast concrete has a correspondingly large number of holes therein which have to be made good.
[0005] French Patent FR-A-2613747 describes concrete formwork including a panel supported by support members comprising wooden beams arranged in pairs. A bracket is attached to each pair of wooden beams by screws. The bracket defines a C-shaped socket for receiving the cross flanges at one end of an I-shaped beam therein. The I-beam is formed from two U-beams connected back to back. The cross flanges at the end of the I-beam have a fixed stop at one extremity and a releasable stop at the other to permit insertion thereof into, and retention thereof by, the C-shaped sockets of the bracket members. In an arrangement with a plurality of support members, I-beams are attached between each adjacent alternate pair of support members, a tie being connected to each beam rather than to each support member.
[0006] Concrete formwork, in accordance with the invention, comprises one or more panels, at least two support members for supporting the panel(s) and means for connecting the support members to the panel(s), bracket means attached to the support members whereby at least one beam is mounted between the two support members, the bracket means including a bracket member attached to each support member for the or each beam mounted therebetween by which bracket members the beam(s) are mounted to the support members, each bracket member providing a first surace for abutment by the side of the beam mounted thereby adjacent the support members, wherein the or each beam is connectible to the end of a tie, characterised in that the support members comprise soldiers, i.e. a structural member comprising two, spaced connected beams with aligned holes therein, in that each bracket member includes a support post with an aperture therein whereby it may be attached to a soldier by pinning through the aperture and one of the pairs of aligned holes in the soldier and in that each bracket member also provides a second opposing surface for abutment by the opposite side of the beam to retain the beam in position between the soldiers.
[0007] This allows ties to be provided at locations other than at the soldiers, that is, a greater number of possible tie positions are available. Known ties are, in fact, capable of supporting greater loads than those to which they are subjected in formwork, such as that known from GB-B-2133826. By enabling them to be positioned between the soldiers, one tie can be used to support a number of soldiers. Therefore the number of ties which has to be employed is less. The resultant reduction in making good which has to be done to a concrete section is significant. In a particularly preferred arrangement, one tie is employed per alternate adjacent pair of soldiers.
[0008] The provision of opposing abutting surfaces allows beams of differing shapes to be employed and enables retention of these in a simplified manner.
[0009] Preferably, the beam is formed with a plurality of holes. This allows ties to be placed in a variety of locations along the length of the formwork.
[0010] Suitably each bracket member includes an angled portion against the apex of which, in use, the beam abuts. The bracket member may be arranged so that the apex of the angled portion lies between the webs of the soldier to which the bracket member is connected, preferably in the median plane of the soldier. Load transferal to the soldier is therefore along its centre line.
[0011] The bracket member may further comprise a circular rod spaced from the apex of the angled member, the beam in use passing between the circular rod and the angled member. The distance between the rod and the angled member is made approximately equal to the appropriate beam dimension. The advantage of providing a circular rod is that no matter at what angle the beam is to the bracket, it will always be held between a portion of the rod and the apex of the angled member.
[0012] The panels may be deformable and the soldiers may additionally be connected by adjustable length link means. The formwork is then suitable for use in the construction of curved walls.
[0013] The invention will now be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-
Figure 1 is a plan view of concrete formwork in accordance with the invention; and
Figure 2 is an isometric view of a bracket which forms part of the concrete formwork of Figure 1.
[0014] Figure 1 shows a section of concrete formwork 2 comprising a panel 4, U-shaped members 6, soldiers 8 and a tie 10.
[0015] The panel 4 forms part of a panelling wall which is connected to a plurality of the U-shaped members 6. The U-shaped members 6 basically comprise two inclined legs 12 joined together by a base flange 14. The members 6 are secured to the panelling wall through holes in end flanges 16. The plurality of U-shaped members 6 are arranged in a series of columns spaced around the panelling wall. One soldier 8 spans over the U-shaped members 6 in a column to act as a continuity member therefor. The members 6 include support posts (not shown) carried on the base flange 14 thereof. These support posts extend between the webs of the soldiers 8 and are connected thereto. The ends of the support posts extend beyond the soldiers 8 and are arranged to be connected to a turn buckle. Turn buckles are provided between each pair of soldiers and, by employing these to vary the distance between the soldiers, the curvature of the panelling wall can also be varied.
[0016] The complete concrete formwork includes a second panelling wall, supported by U-shaped members and soldiers, which is spaced from the first so the concrete can cast therebetween.
[0017] The concrete formwork arrangement briefly outlined above, which is of the type employed to produce curved walls, is described and shown in much greater detail in British Patent 2133826 (the subject matter of which is hereby incorporated).
[0018] In all concrete formwork, whether for curved or straight walls, ties are employed which extend between the panelling walls, the ties being held in place by securing their ends which lie on the outer sides of the panelling walls. The ties serve to pull the two sections of the formwork together against the pressure exerted by the concrete to be cast therebetween. Once casting is complete, at least a portion of the ties are removed from the cast concrete with the result that this is left with holes which have to be made good.
[0019] Hitherto the ties have been attached by way of the panel supports in whatever form these were provided. In the arrangement described in British Patent 2133826, the ties pass through holes in the base flanges 14 of the U-shaped members 6 between the webs of the soldiers 8 and their ends are closed by nuts which are tightened up against the flanges of the soldiers 8. At least one tie per column of U-shaped members 6 has to be provided and often two or three per column are necessary.
[0020] In the concrete formwork 2 shown in Figure 1, a bracket 18 is attached to each soldier. The bracket 18 comprises a support post 20 dimensioned to fit between the webs of the soldier 8 and formed with a hole 22. The brackets 18 are connected to the soldiers 8 by passing a pin, see 24, through holes in the soldier 8 and the holes 22 in the support post 20 of the bracket 18. The support post 20 carries a baseplate 26 from which two trapezoidal shaped wings 28 extend, the long edge of the wings 28 being connected to the baseplate 26. At their free ends the wings 28 are connected by a circular rod 30. An angle member 32 is mounted to the baseplate 26 between the other ends of the wings 28.
[0021] As noted above, a bracket 18 is mounted to each soldier 8 by pinning it thereto. With the brackets 18 in place, a beam 34 can be attached between two of the soldiers 8 by passing it through the apertures of the brackets 18 defined by the wings 28, rods 30 and angled member 32. The distance between the rods 30 and the angle member 32 of the brackets 18 can be so arranged that, no matter at what angle the soldiers 8 are to each other, the beam 34 will be held by the brackets 18 between the apices 36 of the angle members 32 and the rods 30.
[0022] The beams 34, which are preferably hollow sections, include holes therein through which a tie 10 can be passed. Preferably the beams 34 have a plurality of such holes so that the ties 10 can be provided wherever desired. A tie 10 is held in position relative to a beam by attaching a washer 38 and a nut 40 to its free ends.
[0023] The beams 34 provide additional tie locations. A tie 10 is capable of supporting more than one soldier 8 and, by providing the beams 34, a tie 10 can be positioned so that it will do this. Preferably, as shown, a tie 10 is provided between each alternate adjacent pair of beams 34. Therefore the amount of holes in the concrete cast between the first and second panels of the formwork is halved, with a consequent 50% reduction in the necessary "making good".
[0024] The angled member 32 of the brackets 18 is positioned so that, when a bracket 18 is connected to a soldier 8, its apex 36 lies on the centre line of the soldier which passes between the webs thereof. Loading on the beam 34 will therefore be transmitted, by the contact thereof with the apices 36 of the brackets 18, through the middle of the soldiers 8. This maximises the strengthening effect of the beams 34.
1. Concrete formwork (2) comprising one or more panels (4), at least two support members
(6, 8) for supporting the panel(s) (4) and means for connecting the support members
(6, 8) to the panel(s) (4), bracket means (18) attached to the support members (6,
8) whereby at least one beam (34) is mounted between the two support members (6, 8),
the bracket means including a bracket member (18) attached to each support member
(6, 8) for the or each beam (34) mounted therebetween by which bracket members (18)
the beam(s) (34) are mounted to the support members (6, 8), each bracket member (18)
providing a first surface (36) for abutment by the side of the beam (34) mounted thereby
adjacent the support members (6, 8), wherein the or each beam (34) is connectible
to the end of a tie (10), characterised in that the support members (6, 8) comprise
soldiers (8), i.e. a structural member comprising two, spaced connected beams with
aligned holes therein, in that each bracket member (18) includes a support post (20)
with an aperture (22) therein whereby it may be attached to a soldier (8) by pinning
through the aperture (22) and one of the pairs of aligned holes in the soldier (8)
and in that each bracket member (18) also provides a second opposing surface (30)
for abutment by the opposite side of the beam (34) to retain the beam (34) in position
between the soldiers (8).
2. Concrete formwork as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the beam (34) has a plurality of
holes therein for receiving one end of a tie (10).
3. Concrete formwork as claimed in either Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein there is a plurality
of soldiers (8), each of which has a bracket member (18) attached thereto, at least
one beam (34) being mounted between each alternate adjacent pair of soldiers (8) by
the bracket means (18).
4. Concrete formwork as claimed in any preceding Claim, wherein each bracket member (18)
includes an angled member (32), the apex (36) of which comprises the first surface.
5. Concrete formwork as claimed in Claim 4, wherein each bracket member (18) is arranged
so that the apex (36) of the angled member (32) thereof lies in the median plane of
the soldier (8) to which it is attached.
6. Concrete formwork as claimed in Claim 5, wherein each bracket member (18) includes
a circular rod (30) which constitutes the second surface.
7. Concrete formwork as claimed in any preceding Claim, wherein each bracket member (18)
defines an aperture, the first and second surfaces (30, 36) comprising opposite walls
of the aperture.
1. Eine Betonverschalung (2), umfassend eine oder mehrere Platten (4), mindestens Zwei
Abstützelemente (6, 8) zum Abstützen der Platte(n) (4) und Mittel zum Verbinden der
Abstützelemente (6, 8) mit der (den) Platte(n) (4), an den Abstützelementen (6, 8)
befestigte Halterungsmittel (18), wobei mindestens ein Träger (34) zwischen den beiden
Abstützelementen (6, 8) angeordnet ist und die Halterungsmittel ein Halterungselement
(18) umfassen, das an jedem Abstützelement (6, 8) für den oder jeden der dazwischen
angeordneten Träger (34) angebracht ist, so daß mit Hilfe der besagten Halterungselemente
(18) der (die) Träger (34) an den Abstützelementen (6, 8) befestigt ist (sind), wobei
jedes Halterungselement (18) eine erste Oberfläche (36) zum Anlegen der Seite des
Trägers (34) aufweist, der dadurch anschließend an die Abstützelemente (6, 8) angeordnet
ist, während der bzw. jeder Träger (34) mit dem Ende einer Zugstange (10) verbunden
werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abstützelemente (6, 8) Stützrahmenvorrichtungen
(8) umfassen, wobei die besagte Stützrahmenvorrichtung ein zwei mit Abstand verbundene
Träger mit darin befindlichen ausgerichteten Löchern umfaßt, daß jedes Halterungselement
(18) eine Stütze (20) mit einer darin befindlichen Öffnung (22) umfaßt, mit deren
Hilfe das besagte Halterungselement an eine Stützrahmenvorrichtung (8) angebracht
werden kann, indem man durch die Öffnung (22) und eines der Paare ausgerichteter Löcher
in der Stützrahmenvorrichtung (8) einen Stift einsetzt, sowie daß jedes Halterungselement
(18) auch eine zweite entgegengesetzte Oberfläche (30) zum Anlegen der entgegengesetzten
Seite des Trägers (34) bietet, um den Träger (34) zwischen den Stützrahmenvorrichtungen
(8) in Position zu halten.
2. Betonverschalung nach Anspruch 1, bei der der Träger (34) zwecks Aufnahme eines Endes
einer Zugstange (10) mit einer Mehrzahl von Löchern versehen ist.
3. Betonverschalung nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, bei der eine Mehrzahl von Stützrahmenvorrichtungen
(8) vorgesehen ist, wobei an jeder der besagten Stützrahmenvorrichtungen ein Halterungselement
(18) angebracht ist, während zwischen jedem zweiten anschließenden Paar der Stützrahmenvorrichtungen
(8) mit Hilfe des Halterungsmittels (18) mindestens ein Träger (34) angeordnet ist.
4. Betonverschalung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, bei der jedes Halterungselement
(18) ein abgewinkeltes Element (32) einschließt, dessen Scheitel (36) die erste Oberfläche
umfaßt.
5. Betonverschalung nach Anspruch 4, bei der jedes Halterungselement (18) so angeordnet
ist, daß der Scheitel (36) des abgewinkelten Elements (32) davon in der Mittelebene
der Stützrahmenvorrichtung (8) liegt, an der es befestigt ist.
6. Betonverschalung nach Anspruch 5, bei der jedes Halterungselement (18) eine runde
Stange (30) umfaßt, die die zweite Oberfläche bildet.
7. Betonverschalung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, bei der jedes Halterungselement
(18) eine Öffnung abgrenzt, wobei die ersten und zweiten Oberflächen (30, 36) entgegengesetzte
Wände der Öffnung umfassen.
1. Coffrage pour béton (2) comprenant un ou plusieurs panneaux (4), au moins deux éléments
de support (6, 8) pour supporter le ou les panneaux (4) et des moyens pour relier
les éléments de support (6, 8) au(x) panneau(x) (4), des moyens de montage (18) fixés
aux éléments de support (6, 8) par lesquels au moins une poutre (34) est montée entre
les deux éléments de supports (6, 8), le moyen de montage comprenant un élément de
montage (18) fixé à chaque élément de support (6, 8) pour la poutre ou chaque poutre
(34) montée entre eux, la ou les poutres (34) étant montées par lesdits éléments de
montage (18) aux éléments de support (6, 8), chaque élément de montage (18) offrant
une première surface (36) de butée pour le côté de la poutre (34) montée par lui à
proximité des éléments de support (6, 8), de telle manière que la poutre ou chaque
poutre (34) peut être reliée à l'extrémité d'un tirant (10), caractérisé en ce que
les éléments de support (6, 8) comprennent des entretoises (8), c-à-d. un élément
structurel constitué de deux poutres espacées comportant des trous alignés, en ce
que chaque élément de montage (18) comprend un montant de support (20) dans lequel
est prévue une ouverture (22) par laquelle il peut être fixé à une entretoise (8)
par goupillage à travers l'ouverture (22) et l'une des paires de trous alignés dans
l'entretoise (8) et en ce que chaque élément de montage (18) offre aussi une deuxième
surface opposée (30) de butée pour le côté opposé de la poutre (34) pour retenir la
poutre (34) en position entre les entretoises (8).
2. Coffrage pour béton selon la Revendication 1, dans lequel la poutre (34) comporte
une pluralité de trous pour recevoir une extrémité d'un tirant (10).
3. Coffrage pour béton selon la Revendication 1 ou la Revendication 2, dans lequel sont
prévues une pluralité d'entretoises (8) à chacune desquelles est fixé un élément de
montage (18), au moins une poutre (34) étant montée entre chaque paire alternée d'entretoises
adjacentes (8) par le moyen de montage (18).
4. Coffrage pour béton selon l'une quelconque des Revendications précédentes, dans lequel
chaque élément de montage (18) comprend une cornière (32) dont la pointe (36) constitue
la première surface.
5. Coffrage pour béton selon la Revendication 4, dans lequel chaque élément de montage
(18) est disposé de telle sorte que la pointe (36) de la cornière (32) se situe dans
le plan médian de l'entretoise (8) à laquelle elle est fixée.
6. Coffrage pour béton selon la Revendication 5, dans lequel chaque élément de montage
(18) comprend une barre circulaire (30) qui constitue la deuxième surface.
7. Coffrage pour béton selon l'une quelconque des Revendications précédentes, dans lequel
chaque élément de montage (18) définit une ouverture, les première et deuxième surfaces
(30, 36) constituant les parois opposées de l'ouverture.