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(11) | EP 0 529 955 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | Pneumatic tires |
| (57) A pneumatic tire comprises a carcass 1 of at least one carcass ply, a belt 2 comprised
of at least three belt layers, and a tread 3 provided with plural circumferential
grooves 3a and island portions 3b defined by these circumferential grooves 3a, in
which the tread 3 is comprised of at least two rubber layers, one of which layers
being a foamed rubber layer 4 not exposed at a side of ground contact surface of the
tire. In this case, the foamed rubber layer 4 is extended up to a buttress portion
of the tire, whereby noises produced during the running of the tire are effectively
reduced without the degradation of wear resistance. |
[0001] This invention relates to a pneumatic tire, and more particularly to a pneumatic tire which can effectively reduce noises produced during the running of the tire without degrading wear resistance.
[0002] As a means for reducing noises in a pneumatic tire produced during the running of the tire, it have hitherto been attempted to almost contrive tread pattern and the like by giving attention to a portion of the tire directly contacting with ground. Lately, however, it has been confirmed that resonance sound resulted from vibration of a sidewall portion becomes a large factor as a noise of the tire in addition to sound generated in the ground contact portion.
[0003] It is, therefore, an object of the invention to particularly reduce the resonance sound in the sidewall portion of the tire without degrading wear resistance of the tire.
[0004] According to the invention, there is the provision of a pneumatic tire comprising a carcass of at least one carcass ply extending between a pair of bead cores, a belt superimposed around a crown portion of the carcass outward in a radial direction of the tire and comprised of at least three belt layers, and a tread arranged on the belt outward in the radial direction and provided with plural circumferential grooves and island portions defined by these circumferential grooves, said tread being comprised of at least two rubber layers, one of which layers being a foamed rubber layer not exposed at a side of ground contact surface of the tire, said foamed rubber layer being extended up to a buttress portion of the tire.
[0005] In the preferred embodiments of the invention, the foamed rubber layer is arranged in a zone located at a position corresponding to not more than 50% of a groove depth of the circumferential groove toward the belt, particularly in a zone ranging from a shoulder portion of the tire to buttress portion thereof, and also the foamed rubber has an expansion ratio of 5-50%.
[0006] The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatically left-half sectional view of a first embodiment of the pneumatic tire according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a state of generating noise at a sidewall portion of the tire;
Figs. 3 to 5 are diagrammatically left-half sectional views of the other embodiments of the pneumatic tire according to the invention, respectively; and
Fig. 6 is a graph showing a relation between sound pressure and frequency.
[0007] Fig. 1 shows a left-half section of main part of a first embodiment of the pneumatic tire having a tread width TW according to the invention. Numeral 1 is a carcass of at least one carcass ply extending between a pair of bead cores (not shown), numeral 2 a belt arranged on the carcass 1 outward in the radial direction of the tire and comprised of four belt layers in the illustrated embodiment, and numeral 3 a tread arranged on the belt 2 outward in the radial direction and provided with plural circumferential grooves 3a and island portions 3b defined by these circumferential grooves 3a. Further, numeral 4 is a foamed rubber layer. In the illustrated embodiment, the foamed rubber layer 4 is arranged in a zone corresponding to not more than 50% of a groove depth h in the circumferential groove 3a of the tread 3 so as to envelop the end portion of the belt 2.
[0008] As a result of vibration analysis during the running of the tire, it has been found that among noises produced from the tire, a pattern noise is most dominant, but sound resulted from resonance of the sidewall portion becomes a large factor. In order to reduce such noises, it is advantageous to use a foamed rubber having fine bubbles therein for damping vibration from road surface. As a tire using such rubber, there is known a studless tire taking a serious view of running performances on snow and ice roads in winter season. However, when the foamed rubber used in the studless tire is merely applied to a tread in tires running on general-purpose road surfaces, the wear resistance is considerably poor as compared with the usual tire, so that it is difficult to put the tire comprising a tread of the foamed rubber for running on usual roads into practical use.
[0009] According to the invention, vibrations in the sidewall portion based on a noise generation mechanism as shown in Fig. 2 are damped by the foamed rubber layer 4 arranged in a zone ranging from a base portion of the tread to shoulder and buttress portions, whereby resonance sound in the sidewall portion can effectively be mitigated without degrading the wear resistance.
[0010] In the invention, the reason why the foamed rubber layer 4 is preferably arranged in the zone corresponding to not more than 50% of the groove depth h in the circumferential groove 3a of the tread 3 is due to the fact that when the position of the foamed rubber layer 4 exceeds 50% of the groove depth h, the foamed rubber layer 4 is exposed before a middle worn stage of the tread rubber to undesirably degrade the wear resistance from the middle worn stage. According to the invention, therefore, the position of the foamed rubber layer 4 is restricted to the zone corresponding to not more than 50% of the groove depth h of the circumferential groove 3a. Moreover, the foamed rubber layer 4 is preferably arranged in a zone from the shoulder portion to buttress portion, i.e. it is arranged in the shoulder island portion defined by the circumferential groove 3a so as to envelop the end portion of the belt 2 from the base portion of the tread. It is more effective that the end portion of the foamed rubber layer 4 is located inward from the end portion of the belt in the widthwise direction of the tire.
[0011] Furthermore, the expansion ratio of the foamed rubber is restricted to a range of 5-50%. When the expansion ratio is less than 5%, the effect of damping vibration can not be obtained, while when it exceeds 50%, the rigidity becomes too small and hence the dynamic strain during the running under a load becomes large to undesirably degrade the wear resistance. Moreover, the expansion ratio is represented by the following equation:
wherein V is an expansion ratio, ρ₀ (g/cm³) is a density of solid phase portion of the foamed rubber and ρ₁ (g/cm³) is a density of the foamed rubber.
[0012] In the invention, the foamed rubber layer 4 may be arranged over a full length of the tread 3 in the widthwise direction thereof as shown in Fig. 3. However, the central region of the tread 3 in the widthwise direction is large in the dynamic strain during the running under a load and small in the effect of damping the transmission of vibration from the tread 3 to the sidewall portion, so that it is most preferable to arrange the foamed rubber layer 4 in a zone ranging from the shoulder portion of the tread to the buttress portion thereof as shown in Fig. 1.
[0013] When the foamed rubber layer 4 is arranged over the full length of the tread 3 in the widthwise direction, it is favorable to thin the thickness of the foamed rubber layer 4 in the central region of the tread 3 as shown in Fig. 4.
[0014] Moreover, the foamed rubber layer 4 may be exposed from the outer surface of the tire at the buttress portion as shown in Fig. 5. In this case, the foamed rubber may be degraded by ultraviolet ray or ozone. Therefore, the same rubber as used in the sidewall portion is preferably arranged on the buttress portion so as not to expose the foamed rubber from the surface of the tire from a view point of the prevention of the degradation by ultraviolet ray or ozone as shown in Fig. 1.
[0015] The following examples are given in illustration of the invention and are not intended as limitations thereof.
[0016] There were provided four test tires having a tire size of 11R22.5 14PR and the same tread pattern, in which the foamed rubber layer 4 having an expansion ratio of 18% was arranged as shown in Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. These tires were mounted on a nominal rim and and then the noise and wear tests were made by running under a nominal internal pressure of 7.00 kgf/cm² and a nominal load of 2500 kgf. The measured results are shown in Table 1 together with the measured results of a comparative tire having the same structure as in the test tire except that the tread was made from usual rubber without using the foamed rubber. Each of these test tires comprised a radial carcass of single steel cord ply extending between a pair of bead cores and a belt of four steel cord belt layers, and had a rib tread pattern provided with four circumferential grooves and five continuously extending circumferential island portions defined by these grooves.
[0017] The noise test was conducted by an indoor noise test (drum having an outer diameter of 3 m) in which a microphone was placed at a position separated from the tire by 50 cm to measure sound. A sound pressure near to 500 Hz being a resonance sound of the sidewall portion was determined from the measured value in accordance with a relation between frequency and sound pressure, whereby noise was represented by an index on the basis that the comparative tire was 0. The smaller the index value, the smaller the noise. The wear test was conducted by actually mounting the tire on a vehicle and running over a distance of 50,000 km to measure a worn amount. The worn amount was represented by an index on the basis that the comparative tire was 100. The larger the index value, the better the wear resistance.
Table 1
| Acceptable Example (Fig.1) | Acceptable Example (Fig.3) | Acceptable Example (Fig.4) | Acceptable Example (Fig.5) | Comparative titre | |
| Noise | - 0.8 | - 1.1 | - 1.0 | - 0.8 | 0 |
| Wear | 100 | 94 | 96 | 100 | 100 |
[0018] As seen from Table 1, all tires according to the invention are small in the noise and do not show the considerable degradation of wear resistance.
[0019] In Fig. 6 is shown a relation between sound pressure and frequency in the comparative tire and the tire having the structure of Fig. 1 according to the invention. As seen from Fig. 6, the sound pressure near to 500 Hz as a resonance sound of the sidewall portion in the tire according to the invention is mitigated by about 1 dB as compared with that of the comparative tire.
[0020] Although the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, various modifications may be taken. For example, lug pattern, rib-lug pattern or block pattern may be used as a tread pattern, or organic fiber cord ply may be used as a carcass ply and the same organic fiber cord ply nay be used as a belt layer.
1. A pneumatic tire comprising a carcass (1) of at least one carcass ply extending between
a pair of bead cores, a belt (2) superimposed around a crown portion of the carcass
outward in a radial direction of the tire and comprised of at least three belt layers,
and a tread (3) arranged on the belt (2) outward in the radial direction and provided
with plural circumferential grooves (3a) and island portions (3b) defined by these
circumferential grooves (3a), said tread (3) being comprised of at least two rubber
layers, one of which layers being a foamed rubber layer (4) not exposed at a side
of ground contact surface of the tire, said foamed rubber layer (4) being extended
up to a buttress portion of the tire.
2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein said foamed rubber layer (4) is arranged
in a zone located at a position corresponding to not more than 50% of a groove depth
of the circumferential groove (3a) toward the belt.
3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said foamed rubber has an expansion
ratio of 5-50%.
4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said foamed rubber layer
(4) is arranged in the buttress portion so as to extend inward from the position of
the belt (2) in the radial direction for enveloping the end portion of the belt (2).
5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein said foamed rubber layer
(4) is arranged only in a zone ranging from the shoulder portion of the tire to the
buttress portion thereof.
6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein said foamed rubber layer
(4) is arranged over a full width of the tread.
7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 6, wherein a thickness of said foamed rubber
layer (4) is made thin in a central portion of the tread (3) in the widthwise direction.
8. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein said foamed rubber
layer (4) is not exposed in the buttress portion from the outer surface of the tire.