[0001] The present invention relates to an active noise cancellation system for a motor
vehicle, comprising means for generating one or more electrical signals proportional
to the noise in the target area, an electronic means receiving these signals, such
as an adaptive filter, for generating a cancellation noise signal, one or more sound
sources connected to said electronic means for generating cancellation noise in the
target area, and one or more sensors for detecting residual noise in the target area
and transmitting it in an electrical form to the electronic means to tune its operation.
[0002] Figure 1 in the accompanying drawings represents schematically the main principle
of an active noise cancellation system, and Figure 2 shows a block diagram corresponding
to this basic schematic drawing. A conventional system for active noise cancellation
of the kind shown in Figure 1 comprises noise detection sensors 1 generating an electrical
signal proportional to the noise present in the target area. These detection sensors
can be either microphones, in which case the signal generated by them corresponds
to the noise in the target area, or the detection sensors may also be of another type,
in which case they generate for instance only a reference signal proportional to the
rotation speed of the vehicle motor. Thus the signals generated by the detection sensors
1 need not correspond to the actual noise, but only be correlated with it. These detection
sensor signals are conveyed to an electronic means 2 generating a noise cancellation
signal, which most commonly is an adaptive filter. This adaptive filter calculates
by means of a suitable algorithm, such as an LMS algorithm or a Fan-Vemuri algorithm,
a signal which in amplitude corresponds to the produced noise signal but is of an
opposite phase thereto. Such a cancellation noise signal is reproduced by cancellation
noise sources, such as loudspeakers 3, to generate cancellation noise in the target
area. Attenuation of the noise is achieved as a combined result of the actual noise
and the cancellation noise of an opposite phase. In practice, noise can be cancelled
by such an arrangement about 10 -30 dB for instance at the motor noise frequency.
In order that the means for generating the cancellation noise signal may be effectively
controlled and adapted to the conditions in each case, the system further comprises
residual noise sensors 4 which have been adapted to detect residual noise in the target
area and control the means 2 for generating the cancellation noise in response to
this.
[0003] Figure 2 shows a block diagram corresponding to the system of Figure 1. Therein the
signal generated by the noise detection sensor 1 has been denoted by the reference
character x, which signal is inputted in a means 2 for generating a cancellation noise
signal, which generates a signal y that is a function of the noise signal x. This
signal y is then reproduced by a loudspeaker 3, in which situation the signal proceeds
as a sound wave via a transmission route H to a sensor 4 for residual noise. This
sensor 4 for residual noise, which may in practice be for instance a microphone, generates
an electrical signal e which may be represented as a function H(y)+n, wherein n is
noise in the microphone 4.
[0004] In practice, it has been found that the degree of cancellation achieved by the systems
of Figures 1 and 2 is greatly dependent on the amplitude gain of H(y). This gain dependence
leads in practice to such a situation that a system of the kind described in Figure
2 is only stable with specific gains and even so that the gains that are available
are greatly dependent on the frequency band in which one wishes the active noise cancellation
to be the most effective.
[0005] Thus a problem is encountered with tuning the control system so as to operate effectively
in different frequency bands without presenting problems in the operation of the system.
This is achieved with the system of the invention, which is characterized in that
an amplifier has been disposed between the sound source or sources of cancellation
noise and the means for generating a cancellation noise signal to control the gain
of the cancellation noise signal in response to a signal proportional to the rotation
speed of the vehicle motor. Thus the stability problem has now been solved by varying
the gain of the cancellation noise signal in dependence on the frequency and specifically
in dependence on the rotation speed of the vehicle motor. Preferably the gain of the
cancellation noise signal is increased when the rotation speed of the motor decreases.
Even though the amplitude of the noise prevailing in the vehicle actually decreases
when the rotation speed of the motor decreases simultaneously as the frequency of
the nose decreases, yet in that case the gain must be increased on account of the
practical limitations presented by the smallness of the interior of the vehicle and
the properties of the sound sources available. Conventional loudspeakers reproduce
low frequencies rather poorly, and the dimensions of the reproduction space also have
a significant effect of restricting the possibility of reproduction of low frequencies.
[0006] In the following, the system of the invention will be described in more detail with
reference to the enclosed drawing, wherein
Figure 1 shows schematically the principle of construction of an active sound cancellation
system,
Figure 2 shows a block diagram corresponding to the system of Figure 1, and
Figure 3 shows a block diagram of the sound cancellation system of the invention.
[0007] Figure 3 represents a block diagram of the sound cancellation system of the invention,
wherein an additional amplifier 5 has been disposed between the sound source of cancellation
noise 3 and the means 2 for generating the cancellation noise signal, said additional
amplifier being controlled as a function of the signal z. In accordance with the invention,
this signal z is proportional to the rotation speed of the vehicle motor. Preferably
the gain of the signal y generated by the amplifier 5 is an inverse function of the
frequency of this signal z. Thus, as the frequency of the signal z increases the gain
of the amplifier 5 is reduced, and respectively as the frequency of the signal z decreases,
i.e. the rotation speed of the vehicle motor decreases, the gain is boosted. Increasing
the gain at low frequencies is necessary in order for the loudspeaker 3 to be able
to reproduce also these frequencies with a sufficient amplitude.
[0008] When an amplifier 5 providing a gain inversely correlated with the frequency of the
principal source of noise for the cancellation of which the system is intended is
incorporated into the system, problems related to the instability of the control system
are avoided and the level of noise cancellation can be substantially enhanced. In
order for optimum operation to be achieved in each use application, the gain of the
amplifier 5 and specifically its variation as a function of the frequency of signal
z must be adapted to the practical conditions prevailing in each case. However, the
essential feature is that the gain of the amplifier 5 is controlled in dependence
on the rotation speed of the vehicle motor.
1. An active noise cancellation system for a motor vehicle, comprising means (1) for
generating one or more electrical signals proportional to the noise in the target
area, an electronic means (2) receiving these signals, such as an adaptive filter,
for generating a cancellation noise signal, one or more sound sources (3) connected
to said electronic means for generating cancellation noise in the target area, and
one or more sensors (4) for detecting residual noise in the target area and transmitting
it in an electrical form to the electronic means (2) to tune its operation, characterized in that an amplifier (5) has been disposed between the sound source or sources (3)
of cancellation noise and the means (2) for generating a cancellation noise signal
to control the gain of the cancellation noise signal in response to a signal (z) proportional
to the rotation speed of the vehicle motor.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the gain of the amplifier (5) is inversely proportional to the frequency
of the signal (z) controlling it.
