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(11) | EP 0 560 503 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
Electrical filter Elektrisches Filter Filtre électrique |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
[0002] In the radio telephone industry research and development has for a long time been aimed at the production of smaller, less expensive and more efficient units and components. This direction has lead to efficient exploitation of the available space on circuit board surfaces, to an increase in the degree of component integration, and towards rationalization of functions.
[0003] High frequency components of radio telephones constitute an exception to this trend. High frequency components have to date been extremely complex in construction, comprising discrete components and strip constructions.
[0004] It is known in the art to employ in the transmitter part of a radio telephone an output control circuit for controlling the output level of the transmission. The operation of the output control circuit is based on indications of the output level of the transmitter and comparison with a reference value. An essential part of the output control circuit is formed by a directional coupler, placed immediately adjacent the separation filter of the reception circuit, with which a voltage comparable with the output of the transmitter is produced. The directional coupler is therefore used for measuring the transmission output power, whereby the output level is controlled with the output control circuit. The directional coupler is usually located after the transmitter or before the antenna.
[0005] The directional coupler is conventionally constructed using various coupled transmission line constructions and transformers.
[0006] A widely used directional coupler, having low manufacturing costs, can be constructed using microstrips or strip lines mounted directly on a telephone circuit board. Drawbacks of the structure include the relatively large circuit board area required and the high dependence of the operation on the properties of the circuit board substrate material and variations therein. The substrate material affects the dielectric insulation material losses of the microstrip line, these being greatly dependent on the so-called loss tangent of the material, and it affects the line losses, which are affected by the smoothness of the surface of the material.
[0007] In order to reduce the costs, an advantageous general purpose material is frequently selected for the substrate material in radio telephones. The use of such a material causes deterioration in the functioning of the directional coupler constructed thereon. The increased material losses of the substrate material and the tolerances of the properties can be directly detected in the insertion attenuation of the directional coupler and in the variation of said properties.
[0008] By using a directional coupler design which is based on using separate transmission lines (e.g. coaxial cables), on a transformer, or by constructing the switch on a separate, stable or low loss substrate, these losses can be reduced and the operation stabilized. However, a plate area of at least the same size is needed, and in addition, the use of a separate substrate increases manufacturing costs.
[0009] US 3,829,770 discloses a directional coupler which has couplers in the form of conductive strips secured to an insulative board and spaced from a primary line conductive strip.
[0010] US 4,433,314 discloses a suspended substrate multiplexer which has four channel dropping sections. Each of these comprises a two 90° hybrid couplers connected by a pair of bandpass filters.
[0011] GB 2261325 A, which has an earlier priority date than the present application but was published after the filing of the present application, discloses a ceramic filter which carries a directional coupler. With reference to GB 2261325 A the applicant has voluntarily limited the scope of the present application in respect of the United Kingdom by submitting separate claims for the United Kingdom.
[0013] An advantage of the present invention is the avoidance of the above mentioned drawbacks by removing the directional coupler from the substrate of the transmitter as a discrete component or strip structure and by forming the directional coupler as an integral part of the filter.
[0014] A filter in accordance with the present invention makes use of transmission lines in the couplings of the filter, such as a receiver (RX) or a transmitter (TX) separation filter, or in the matching circuits for implementing the directional coupler. With the aid of the invention the directional coupler can be transferred from the circuit board substrate, frequently being a high-loss substrate and afflicted by environmental disturbances, into a high frequency filter. The high frequency filter offers an encapsulated environment protected against interference with a low-loss and stable substrate as required by a filter. Furthermore, since the directional coupler in accordance with the invention comprises a transmission line of a filter and a switch transmission line coupled thereto, the only additional losses caused by the coupler are of the magnitude of the output sample sampled by the transmitter system, which is a significant improvement in comparison with the state of the art.
[0015] The directional coupler in accordance with the invention is relatively easy to implement by placing the coupler in conjunction with the filter or by making use of the components existing in the filter, such as coupling lines or impedance matching transmission lines. The directional coupler can be produced by adding another microstrip e.g. in parallel with a microstrip. The directional coupler may, in fact, be implemented in a great number of ways using many types of transmission lines, preferably microstrips, or suspended substrate lines. The manner of implementation may vary in accordance with the invention, but the essential feature is that a directional coupler is included in the filter. Preferably, the directional coupler is implemented with the existing filter constructions.
[0016] A radio apparatus which is provided with both a transmitter and a receiver and in which the same antenna is used needs a transmission network for directing the signal to be transmitted and signal received appropriately.
[0017] The signal from the antenna must be directed to the receiver so that no significant interference is caused by the transmitter. Similarly, a signal from the transmitter must be transmitted to the antenna without causing any interference from the receiver.
[0018] As is well known in the art, duplex filters composed of two separation filters and based on resonators are used to separate the signals to be transmitted and received. The duplex filter is therefore usually composed of two separate bandpass filters, one of them being connected to the receiver branch, its mean frequency and bandwidth corresponding to the receiving band, and the other filter being connected to the transmitter branch, its mean frequency and bandwidth corresponding to the transmission band. The other ends of the filters have frequently been connected to a common antenna line via a transmission line matching the impedance. Even though the duplex filter has frequently been accommodated within a single housing provided with terminals for transmitter, receiver and antenna, in practice it is composed of two separate bandpass filters because the isolation between the filters must be made as great as possible so that the electromagnetic leakages therebetween should not impede the functioning of the filter.
[0019] The filters constructed using the helix technique are provided with a metal partition between both of the filters, with which the required isolation is efficiently implemented. The couplings in duplex filters to the resonators and the couplings between the resonators have commonly been implemented by means of matching couplings formed by various transmission line constructions and discrete components.
[0020] The invention is described below in more detail, by way of example with reference to the accompanying figure, which is a schematic diagram of a filter comprising a filter-directional coupler block in accordance with the invention.
[0021] The figure shows schematically the coupling of a duplex filter 1 of a radio telephone to a transmitter block 4 and a receiver block 5. The duplex filter 1 comprises four ports: one port 8 for a transmission signal entering the filter, a port 9 for the antenna, a port (not shown) for the receiver 5, and a directional coupler port 7. A signal from the antenna 6 to be received propagates via the reception filter block 3 of the duplex filter 1 to the receiver 5. Respectively, a signal from the transmitter 4 propagates through the receiver (RX) separation filter block 2 of the duplex filter 1 to antenna 6. From said signal proceeding to the antenna the directional coupler 10 takes a sample of a given level, comparable with the output level of the transmitter, and transmits it to the directional coupler port 7.
[0022] The figure illustrates the integration of a directional coupler 10 in the matching circuit at the transmitter end of the RX separation filter 2 of the duplex filter 1. The directional coupler 10 has preferably been implemented on a circuit board using coupled microstrips. One of the strips, strip A, serves as a coupling strip for the filter input to the helix HX1, the other one of the strips, strip B, serves as a coupling strip to the directional coupler port 7. The coupler strip B ends in a resistor R. In the filter of the figure, the directional coupler could be positioned adjacent the antenna port 9, whereby it could be easily implemented by adding another branch next to strip C which carries out the impedance matching. The additional branch would comprise a directional coupler port 7, a coupler transmission line, comparable to line B, and an end resistor R.
[0023] The directional coupler 10 is preferably composed of two adjacent microstrips A and B provided with common ground planes. Electromagnetic coupling exists between the strips: a voltage in one strip producing an electric field which induces a voltage also in the other strip. Magnetic coupling is likewise caused by a magnetic field provided by the current propagating in the strip, said field inducing a current also into the other strip. When power is transferred from the transmitter block 4 to port 8, the desired part of the power, which is determined by the coupling, is coupled to the directional coupler port 7, another part thereof passes through the coupler 10 towards a first resonator HX1 of the filter, and a very small leakage part caused by the non-homogeneity and quasi transverse electric and magnetic (TEM) waveform of the switch is short circuited via the end resistor R to the ground. The microstrip coupler 10 described above is bilateral, i.e. any power carried to any port will be coupled in the same way, because of the symmetry.
[0024] The proportions of the quasi TEM directional waveform in the coupler is generally used as a quality measure. In other words comparison of the power at directional coupler port 7 and the power at the insulated leakage port leading to ground via resistor R provides a measure of quality.
[0025] By using an integrated filter and directional coupler design in accordance with the invention in the duplex filter of a radio telephone, losses caused in the transmitter part of the radio telephone by the directional coupler can be reduced significantly, the operation of the radio telephone stabilized, and the use of the telephone substrate area enhanced.
Claims for the following Contracting State(s): CH, DE, DK, FR, IT, LI, SE
1. A filter device (2) comprising:
filter means (HX-4) coupled to impedance matching means (C); and
coupling means (7,8,9,A) for coupling the filter means to external components, the coupling means comprising a first transmission line (A); and
characterised by:a directional coupler (10) provided by a second transmission line (B) adjacent the first transmission line for sampling the signal carried by the first transmission line and providing a corresponding output signal.
2. A filter device according to claim 1, wherein one of the transmission lines is an
impedance matching transmission line (C).
3. A filter device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transmission lines are microstrips.
4. A filter device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transmission lines are suspended
substrate lines.
5. A filter device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the filter is
a helix filter.
6. A filter device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the filter is a ceramic
filter.
7. A filter device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the filter is a filter
composed of discrete components.
Claims for the following Contracting State(s): GB
1. A helix filter (2) comprising:
filter means (HX1-4) coupled to impedance matching means (C); and
coupling means (7,8,9,A) for coupling the filter means to external components, the coupling means comprising a first transmission line (A); and
characterised by:a directional coupler (10) provided by a second transmission line (B) adjacent the first transmission line for sampling the signal carried by the first transmission line and providing a corresponding output signal.
2. A filter according to claim 1, wherein one of the transmission lines is an impedance
matching transmission line (C).
3. A filter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transmission lines are microstrips.
4. A filter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transmission lines are suspended substrate
lines.
5. A filter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the filter is a filter composed
of discrete components.
Patentansprüche für folgende(n) Vertragsstaat(en): CH, DE, DK, FR, IT, LI, SE
1. Filtereinheit (2), enthaltend:
Filtermittel (HX1-4), die mit Impedanz-Anpassungsmitteln (C) gekoppelt sind; und
Kopplungsmittel (7,8,9,A) zur Kopplung der Filtermittel mit externen Komponenten, wobei die Kopplungsmittel eine erste Übertragungsleitung (A) enthalten; gekennzeichnet durch einen Richtungskoppler (10), der durch eine zur ersten Übertragungsleitung benachbarte zweite Übertragungsleitung (B) gebildet ist, um das von der ersten Übertragungsleitung übertragene Signal abzutasten und ein korrespondierendes Ausgangssignal zur Verfügung zu stellen.
2. Filtereinheit nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine der Übertragungsleitungen als Impedanzanpassungs-Übertragungsleitung
(C) ausgebildet ist.
3. Filtereinheit nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Übertragungsleitungen als Mikrostreifen
ausgebildet sind.
4. Filtereinheit nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Übertragungsleitungen als Substrathängeleitungen
ausgebildet sind.
5. Filtereinheit nach irgendeinem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, wobei das Filter als
Helixfilter ausgebildet ist.
6. Filtereinheit nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Filter als Keramikfilter
ausgebildet ist.
7. Filtereinheit nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Filter ein aus diskreten
Komponenten zusammengesetztes Filter ist.
Patentansprüche für folgende(n) Vertragsstaat(en): GB
1. Helixfilter (2), enthaltend:
Filtermittel (HX1-4), die mit Impedanz-Anpassungsmitteln (C) gekoppelt sind; und
Kopplungsmittel (7,8,9,A) zur Kopplung der Filtermittel mit externen Komponenten, wobei die Kopplungsmittel eine erste Übertragungsleitung (A) enthalten; gekennzeichnet durch einen Richtungskoppler (10), der durch eine zur ersten Übertragungsleitung benachbarte zweite Übertragungsleitung (B) gebildet ist, um das von der ersten Übertragungsleitung übertragene Signal abzutasten und ein korrespondierendes Ausgangssignal zur Verfügung zu stellen.
2. Filter nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine der Übertragungsleitungen als Impedanzanpassungs-Übertragungsleitung
(C) ausgebildet ist.
3. Filter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Übertragungsleitungen als Mikrostreifen ausgebildet
sind.
4. Filter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Übertragungsleitungen als Substrathängeleitungen
ausgebildet sind.
5. Filter nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Filter ein aus diskreten
Komponenten zusammengesetztes Filter ist.
Revendications pour l'(les) Etat(s) contractant(s) suivant(s): CH, DE, DK, FR, IT,
LI, SE
1. Dispositif de filtre (2) comprenant :
un moyen de filtre (HX1-4) couplé à un moyen d'adaptation d'impédance (C), et
un moyen de couplage (7, 8, 9, A) destiné à coupler le moyen de filtre à des composants externes, le moyen de couplage comprenant une première ligne de transmission (A), et
caractérisé par :un coupleur directif (10) formé par une seconde ligne de transmission (B) adjacente à la première ligne de transmission, destinée à échantillonner le signal transporté par la première ligne de transmission et à fournir un signal de sortie correspondant.
2. Dispositif de filtre selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'une des lignes de transmission
est une ligne de transmission d'adaptation d'impédance (C).
3. Dispositif de filtre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les lignes de transmission
sont des microrubans.
4. Dispositif de filtre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les lignes de transmission
sont des lignes à substrat suspendu.
5. Dispositif de filtre selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
le filtre est un filtre en hélice.
6. Dispositif de filtre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel
le filtre est un filtre céramique.
7. Dispositif de filtre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel
le filtre est un filtre composé de composants discrets.
Revendications pour l'(les) Etat(s) contractant(s) suivant(s): GB
1. Filtre en hélice (2) comprenant :
un moyen de filtre (HX1-4) couplé à un moyen d'adaptation d'impédance (C), et
un moyen de couplage (7, 8, 9, A) destiné à coupler le moyen de filtre à des composants externes, le moyen de couplage comprenant une première ligne de transmission (A), et
caractérisé par :un coupleur directif (10) formé par une seconde ligne de transmission (B) adjacente à la première ligne de transmission, destinée à échantillonner le signal transporté par la première ligne de transmission et à fournir un signal de sortie correspondant.
2. Filtre selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'une des lignes de transmission est
une ligne de transmission d'adaptation d'impédance (C).
3. Filtre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les lignes de transmission sont
des microrubans.
4. Filtre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les lignes de transmission sont
des lignes à substrat suspendu.
5. Filtre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le filtre est
un filtre composé de composants discrets.